Verbal Expression Research Articles

Enhancing understanding of broad-based pedagogical leadership in Finnish early childhood education through cultural artifacts

This ethnographic case study examines the artifacts of the leadership culture of one Finnish early childhood education (ECE) center and how they appear from the perspective of broad-based pedagogical leadership. Qualitative content analysis with a directed approach was guided by Pasquale Gagliardi’s and Mary Hatch’s definitions of artifacts. In addition, artifacts were analyzed through broad-based pedagogical leadership. Based on the analysis, thirteen activities, six verbal expressions, and thirteen objects of leadership culture were found in the data. Most of the artifacts were indirect pedagogical leadership, and some had several purposes due to staff interpretations. The interpretations varied both between the leaders and the staff but also within the staff. The findings indicate that symbolic leadership is present in many leadership situations and that a lack of knowledge about the symbolic and cultural dimensions of leadership can undermine leaders’ good intentions. The results of the study can be utilized in practical work in leading organizational cultures and in structuring pedagogical leadership in ECE. Additionally, the research has theoretical implications by enriching leadership research in ECE and enhancing the concept of broad-based pedagogical leadership, which can be used in leadership training programs in the field of education.

Consistency in verbal expression of death row criminals: concluding life with emotions

IntroductionThere is a lack of both data and, more significantly, computational analyses of the linguistic behavior near an individual's final moments of life. The present study is aimed to reduce human bias and save time in psycholinguistic studies by providing data-backed insights.MethodsA novel machine learning based pipeline proposed, using elements of semantic similarity (BERT and transformers) and emotion extraction in collaboration, to analyze the final statements of death row inmates to understand the consistency in their verbal expression moments before their death. A new method of analysis was proposed in this study to explore the notions inherent in the statements. A large database of 466 final statements from death row inmates in Texas was utilized in this study. Manual notion analysis was validated by a computational method of notion inferencing.ResultsBasic emotions of Anger and Fear majorly dominated the statements, constituting 54% of the whole, while 21% of all statements were of emotional states of Happiness and Serenity.DiscussionThe outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to psychological analyses of humans, moments before death, and provide insights to criminology researchers to formulate better strategies of rehabilitation and debate the death penalty.

Therapy strategies for repetitive vocalizations in dementia : Asystematic review

Vocalizations in dementia patients are repetitive verbal expressions that, due to their volume, frequency, and/or social inappropriateness, cause negative effects on patients and other individuals present. The prevalence ranges up to 30%. Given the increasing global incidence of dementia and the limited number of randomized controlled trials about treating repetitive vocalizations, this systematic review provides asummary of existing works on the effectiveness of potential pharmacotherapeutic and nonpharmacological therapies. The systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration page (registration number: CRD42023486344). Literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases. Due to insufficient data, case reports were also included. Of 2635 articles, 25studies were included in the review. Efficacy was demonstrated for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), pregabalin, gabapentin, and the antipsychotics haloperidol and risperidone based on afew case reports, albeit with associated side effects. Nonpharmacological interventions also showed efficacy. Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions are effective treatment approaches for repetitive vocalizations in dementia patients. Due to the fact that there are hardly any randomized controlled studies available, the results of this systematic review must be interpreted with caution. The results of this review show that randomized controlled trials are required for many interventions.

Linguistic racism and micro-aggressions in everyday encounters of African migrants in China: A challenge to the nation’s strategic vision for Africa?

Linguistic racism and microaggressions have their origins in the Western world, but their foci and methods are certainly applicable to any society in the age of global mobility. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews, observations and fieldnotes data informed by African migrants in China, this study expands these two notions in China – a country outside the centre and Anglosphere. I illustrate how linguistic racism manifested through shunning and social exclusion, as well as microaggressions practiced explicitly or implicitly in verbal interpersonal interactions. These verbal expressions often appeared subtle, innocuous, or even complimentary, yet they carried negative connotations, reminding the participants that they were linguistically and racially inferior to the Chinese. It is worth noting that the unequal and inequitable realities were perpetuated not only by those who were structurally privileged, but also by the victims’ acceptance, tolerance and complicity. This study, therefore, allows us to see an important, ongoing and often unnoticed social problem in China’s recent interactions with the world, highlighting the limitations of the Sino-African friendship rhetoric in addressing the challenges arising from the recent influx of African migrants to China. Implications for multicultural education and a society that honours diversity are discussed at the end of the article.

Keabsahan Jual Beli Menggunakan Perbuatan (Bai‘ al-Mu‘āṭāh) dalam Tinjauan Kaidah Fikih

This research aims to find out and understand the validity of transactions without pronunciation, namely bai‘ al-mu‘āṭāh in reviewing the rules of fiqh. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative in the form of library research using a sociological approach to understand Islamic law, especially bai‘ al-mu‘āṭāh from a social perspective or community conditions. The results of this research show that bai‘ al-mu‘āṭāh is buying and selling carried out with certain movements or actions that show the agreement of both parties to the transaction. The validity of bai‘ al-mu‘āṭāh depends on the region and community conditions. In areas where transactions are commonly conducted through gestures without verbal expression, such as in almost all supermarkets in Indonesia where customers simply select items independently and pay at the cashier without any verbal exchange, bai‘ al-mu‘āṭāh is considered valid. However, in regions where transactions without verbal expression are uncommon, bai‘ al-mu‘āṭāh is not considered valid.

Gender difference on loudness perception and evaluation

Factors affecting gender differences in loudness perception and evaluation were examined from three perspectives: verbal criteria, brain perception (ratio scale evaluation), and cultural background. When the verbal criteria such as "soft" and "loud" was used for evaluation of perceived loudness, the gender differences were observed for Japanese, Chinese and Malaysian participants. Meanwhile, the gender difference was observed only for Chinese men and women when the ratio scale was used for evaluation of perceived loudness.However, this tendency was only observed for some stimuli, thus the experiment was conducted again with Chinese participants under more detailed evaluation conditions, and no clear gender difference was observed as in the case of Japanese and Malaysian participants. From these result, it was suggested that the gender difference in loudness perception might be caused by the process of more higher-order auditory signal processing that uses verbal expression.

Improving resilience and mental well-being among refugees residing at asylum centers in the Netherlands: A pre-post feasibility study

BackgroundFew studies have explored the effects of mental health and psychosocial support programs among refugees residing at asylum centers. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a positive psychology intervention called BAMBOO among refugees temporarily residing at asylum centers in the Netherlands. MethodData was collected at 35 asylum centers from 243 participants who completed five weekly two-hour sessions. Pre- and post-changes in resilience, happiness, and positive and negative affect were assessed using a one-group pretest–posttest design. Also, program fidelity, participant satisfaction, and program activity suitability were evaluated. ResultsCompleter and intention-to-treat analyses revealed a significant medium increase in resilience, a large increase in happiness, a small increase in positive affect, and a medium decrease in negative affect. Reliable change indices showed a positive change in 24 % of the participants on resilience and 13 % on positive and negative affect, respectively. Participant retention was 80 %. Moreover, participant satisfaction was high. Also, a substantial proportion of participants evaluated reading and writing-based activities as less suitable in comparison to activities based on verbal and creative expression, physical movement, and meditation/prayer. ConclusionsFindings showed significant increases in scores from pre- to post-assessment on resilience, happiness, and positive affect and a decrease in negative affect. Since the study design limits the ability to attribute causation, future controlled studies should be conducted to stablish stronger evidence regarding the program's effects. Additionally, the program could benefit from further adaptation to enhance its cultural sensitivity. Trial registration number: ISRCTN18019972

USING TED TALKS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

The results of a quantitative investigation on how incorporating TED Talks media into language training affects students' speaking abilities are presented in this article. The purpose of the study was to evaluate how well students' verbal expression and communication skills may be improved by using TED Talks videos as a resource. After incorporating TED Talks, students' speaking abilities significantly improved, according to an examination of pre- and post-test results. The integration of genuine and captivating information from TED Talks introduced students to a diverse range of subjects, accomplished presenters, and everyday language usage, resulting in improved pronunciation, vocabulary, and fluency. These findings highlight the TED Talks' potential as a useful educational resource for enhancing students' speaking abilities during language training. It is highly recommended that language instructors use TED Talks into their instructional strategies to establish engaging and interactive learning environments that promote language proficiency and proficient communication. The study adds to the body of knowledge already available on the use of multimedia materials in language instruction and provides teachers looking for creative ways to improve their students' speaking skills with useful advice.

Translation of English Instructive Images of COVID-19 in Social Media into Arabic: A Semiotic Study

This study investigates the intersemiotic translation process of specific images used to instruct people concerning COVID-19 disease that are posted on different social media. It also attempts to identify translation strategies employed by translators to convey the meaning from one non-verbal form into an Arabic verbal form. This study depends on a multimodal perspective that combines comprehending the connotative meaning of the image and analyzing it into a different verbal expressive form. It is hypothesized that translators are aware of the translation strategy through which the expression of an image is communicated successfully into Arabic verbal expressions. Translators employ Stetting's strategies that are restricted to media translation and journalistic translation, which is used for transferring the meaning of different forms of media. Five translators participated in this study to translate eight images into Arabic. This study concludes that a sign's detonative and connotative meanings are rendered, whether positively or negatively, to transfer the meaning, whether directly or indirectly.

Unlocking the Temporomandibular Joint: CT, MRI, and Arthroscopic Correlation.

The temporomandibular joint constitutes a synovial connection between the mandible and the skull base and plays a pivotal role in functions such as jaw movement, chewing, and verbal and emotional expression. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is observed in about 30% of the population, with a higher prevalence in young to middle-aged women. Interestingly, a majority of individuals affected do not report pain, and only 5%-10% of symptomatic cases necessitate therapeutic intervention. The most common temporomandibular joint disorder manifests as pain in the masticatory muscles and is referred to as myofascial syndrome. However, articular disorders are also very common, usually due to disk displacement and degenerative or inflammatory arthropathies. Less frequently, the temporomandibular joint may be affected by a range of congenital and acquired conditions such as trauma and neoplasms. Imaging becomes necessary for the small percentage of patients who do not respond to conservative management or when there is uncertainty in the diagnosis. A comprehensive understanding of the normal imaging appearance of the temporomandibular joint as well as the wide range of potential pathologic conditions is essential for conducting an accurate radiologic assessment. Moreover, collaboration among multidisciplinary teams and the correlation of imaging findings with arthroscopic observations are crucial to advancing the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.

بولی اورزبان: اردو کے سیاق میں تجزیہ

The initial level of language is called dialect, which helps in maintaining and maintaining daily activities, business transactions, and social relations. The majority of people depend on it. Language derives its energy from local dialects. The range of language is wide and dialect is limited. There can be many dialects in a language area, but there cannot be many languages in a dialect area. Language is the queen of expressing every concept and feeling. Language covers educational, administrative, judicial, political and literary aspects. Script is necessary for language. Due to writing, language documents are preserved and the vocabulary is also increasing day by day. Dialect is mainly verbal expression. However, it is not necessary that every dialect is devoid of writing. Normally its written forms appear in private letters and folk literature.

The verbal expression of events of change in Bulgarian

The paper explores the verbal expression of events of change in Bulgarian, a Slavic language with a uniquely complex verbal system involving triplets of imperfective, perfective and secondary imperfective verbs and aspectual tenses like Aorist and Imperfect. It starts from the observation that English predicates involving events of change generally correspond to Bulgarian triplets of lexically related but aspectually differentiated verbs. It addresses this asymmetry by investigating the properties of the events in the denotation of the triplet members in terms of Rothstein’s (2004) aspectual features [±stage] and [±change]. The paper provides evidence for a systematic mapping between the aspectual properties of the triplet members and Rothstein’s event types and proposes an analysis of the event structure of the triplet members. The findings support both the assumption of independent event types denoted by verbal predicates and the notion of telicity as a VP-level phenomenon, and provide evidence for a strategy of expressing aspectual distinctions in which aspectual properties are not directly tied to the roots of verbal predicates but are partly morphologically and partly lexically encoded.

Communicating uncertainty in intelligence forecasts using verbal expressions of probability and confidence

ABSTRACT The National Intelligence Council provides guidelines for how to interpret expressions of uncertainty in analytic reports, including verbal expressions of both probability (e.g. ‘likely’ or ‘unlikely’) and confidence (i.e. ‘low’, ‘moderate’, and ‘high’). This study examined how people interpret intelligence forecasts made with these expressions. 1315 participants provided quantitative and qualitative interpretations of forecasts in two studies.. The results indicated that participants used expressions of confidence to interpret the likelihood of events and that the inclusion of expressions of confidence did not improve interpretations of forecasts. Recommendations were made for research exploring alternative methods to convey uncertainty.

Social Distancing in an Interactive Approach: A Typology and Functions of Visual Representations of the Concept

The aim of the article is to analyze visual representations of the concept of social distancing on the basis of material retrieved from the Internet. The examples cited in the text primarily refer to verbal expressions and nonverbal signs operating in English-speaking countries. In the first part, we will introduce the reader to the broader context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly changed the meaning of the term social distancing. In the next part, we draw on the theoretical work of Erving Goffman and analyze the practice of maintaining social distancing as a kind of interaction ritual. In the third part, we will place the concept of social distancing within the framework of Edward T. Hall’s proxemic research. The final section of our discussion will analyze visual images referring to social distancing featured on COVID masks and other artifacts. We also propose our own typology of these visual representations of social distancing and the functions they serve.

Cognitive foundations of the formation of communicative competencies in the theory of dialogue

Abstract The study of cognitive mechanisms involved in the process of developing communicative competencies, particularly from the perspective of dialogue theory, is relevant and necessary to improve communicative activity and its effectiveness. The purpose of this research is to study the cognitive-communicative interaction in the process of dialogical communication and the cognitive conditionality of the development of communicative competencies. The methods of frame, cognitive and communicative analysis, and the analytical-synthetic method were used in the study. The main frame structures of dialogic speech were considered: using one frame and similar ways of verbalization, using one frame and different ways of verbal expression, and using two frames with different thematic or semantic content. The study examined cognitive-communicative interaction in dialogic communication and the cognitive basis for developing communicative competencies. Among the important conclusions is the discovery of three primary dialogical unity frame structures. It has been found that cognitive functions affect successful communication. The study demonstrated how cognitive-communicative interaction fosters the development of communicative competencies. It was also determined that dialogue structure relates to response shifts represented as interrelated frames. The study concludes that future research should focus on studying cognitions in communicative contexts and improving foreign language communication.

Intranasal human-recombinant nerve growth factor administration improves cognitive functions in a child with severe traumatic brain injury.

Behavioral and neuropsychological functions are frequent long-term sequelae of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuropeptides, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), can enhance neurogenesis and improve cognitive functions after TBI, playing a pivotal role in neuroplasticity. A limited number of studies documented the safety and efficacy of intranasal NGF administration in children with severe TBI. A fourteen-year-old boy with a diffuse axonal injury secondary to severe TBI was treated with human-recombinant NGF administration. This patient underwent treatment with intranasal hr-NGF administration at a total dose of 50 gamma/kg, three times a day for seven consecutive days. The treatment schedule was performed for 4 cycles, at one month distance each. NGF administration improved radiologic functional assessment evaluated with positron emission tomography scan (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), with an important improvement in clinical conditions. Significant improvements were also observed, mainly in cognitive processes, memory, the planning of a communication strategy, execution skills, attention, and verbal expression. No side effects were reported. Additional studies are required to gain a deeper insight into this neurotrophin's neuroprotective function, but our findings reveal a potential efficacy of intranasal hr-NGF administration in enhancing cognitive and clinical outcomes among children with diffuse axonal injury after severe TBI.

An Analysis of Speech Act Strategy Used by Teacher in Teaching English as Foreign Language

This research elucidated and examined the practice of teacher speech actions in the context of teaching English as a second language. The present study used qualitative research approaches. The present study investigated the verbal expressions of professors at Universitas Negeri Makassar. The data consisted of teacher comments and other utterances. The researcher actively participated in all aspects of this inquiry, including the whole process from concept to data report. Data was obtained by audio video and observational methods. The data was gathered, documented, chosen to align with study objectives, organized into data sheets, and then analyzed and assessed using Searle's speech act theory. The study revealed that the teacher used many speech acts, including locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary activities. There were 122 words (51.69%) that had locutionary actions. There was a total of 107 illocutionary activities, accounting for 45.33% of the utterances, and 7 perlocutionary acts, or 2.97%. Teachers using speech acts in English instruction use them to validate, rectify, elucidate, apprise, and assert on behalf of their students. Directives include a range of directives, such as reminders, requests, instructions, and warnings. Expressive words include expressions of gratitude, warm greetings, praises, and dissatisfaction. Compliments are reciprocal in nature. Instructions were used by teachers the most often, accounting for 93 instances or 45.15 percent of all speech activities. The purpose of the teacher's speech was to pose an inquiry.

Subjective Probability Increases Across Communication Chains: Introducing the Probability Escalation Effect.

A severity effect has previously been documented, whereby numerical translations of verbal probability expressions are higher for severe outcomes than for non-severe outcomes. Recent work has additionally shown the same effect in the opposite direction (translating numerical probabilities into words). Here, we aimed to test whether these effects lead to an escalation of subjective probabilities across a communication chain. In four ‘communication chain’ studies, participants at each communication stage either translated a verbal probability expression into a number, or a number into a verbal expression (where the probability to be translated was yoked to a previous participant). Across these four studies, we found a general Probability Escalation Effect, whereby subjective probabilities increased with subsequent communications for severe, non-severe and positive events. Having ruled out some alternative explanations, we propose that the most likely explanation is in terms of communications directing attention towards an event's occurrence. Probability estimates of focal outcomes increase across communication stages.

A theoretical model of emotional processing in visual artmaking and art therapy

Current theoretical models of emotional processing rely mainly on detecting emotional processing through verbal, conscious, and cognitive processes. However, artmaking can potentially reveal embodied and implicit processes that may otherwise remain hidden in verbal expression. This paper attempts to close the scholarly gap by introducing a novel art-based emotional processing model that integrates emotional processing and art therapy literature, incorporating emotional meaning-making, awareness, acceptance, and memory consolidation. The art-based EP model explains the processes through which art creation may benefit emotional processing. It also elucidates the ways in which art therapy can be used to enhance therapeutic outcomes.

Nursing process for a patient with ectopic pregnancy in the Gynecology Department of a hospital in Arequipa

Introduction: Ectopic Pregnancy is the implantation and subsequent development of the fertilized ovum outside the endometrial cavity, with greater prevalence in the uterine tubes.Tubal rupture and hemorrhage causes morbimortality and is considered a true medical emergency. Objective: To elaborate the nursing care process oriented to a patient with ectopic pregnancy. Methodology: This is a descriptive qualitative research work, with a single case design, aimed at a 35-year-old patient. The Nursing Care Process was used, applying Margory Gordon's functional patterns as an assessment instrument. Result: 6 nursing diagnoses were identified, prioritizing the main diagnosis: Acute pain r/c biological injury agent manifested by verbal expressions and VAS scale 10/8. Nursing interventions were applied with effective result achieving improvement with change score +2; before PC extrauterine pregnancy and Shock CR are still in the process of improvement. Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of an ectopic pregnancy were identified in the patient; the complication risk factors were determined and the nursing role was described by applying preventive care in hypovolemic shock. Collaborative problems and risks were identified and addressed through the nursing interventions and activities included in the EAP for ectopic pregnancy, achieving better health status.