Verbal Explication Research Articles

Концепт «Європа» в українському суспільному дискурсі наприкінці першої чверті 21 ст.

The article analyzes the conceptual features of the European phenomenon that formed in Ukrainian public discourse at the end of the first quarter of the 21st century. The purpose of the article is to determine the content of the concept of "Europe" that was in Ukrainian public discourse at the end of the first quarter of the 21st century, when the civilizational choice of Ukrainians received a new impetus for realization through the decision of the European Council to begin negotiations on Ukraine's accession to the European Union. The main research method is conceptual analysis, which involves studying various substrate mental units – representations, scenarios, and gestalts associated with the phenomenon of Europe in the collective consciousness of Ukrainian society. Additionally, the method of discourse analysis is applied at the stage of processing the mass media objectification of the concept of "Europe". Results. The following conceptual features have been identified: Europe as a space for the comprehensive realization of the individual; well-being and freedom as fundamental civilizational principles aspired to by Ukrainian society; democracy built on the rule of law and respect for individuals; partnership relations among all states and nations without domination by the stronger; unity of diverse cultures; civilizational choice for progress into the future; an influencing factor on Ukraine; a state of crisis associated with the weaknesses of liberal democracy on the one hand, and the dominance of consumer interests in European societies on the other; and the vulnerability of the political system to hybrid expansion by totalitarian and autocratic regimes. Conclusion. The analysis of the verbal explication of the conceptual features of the phenomenon of Europe in Ukrainian public discourse leads to the conclusion that the content of the studied linguistic construct in the collective consciousness of Ukrainians at the end of the first quarter of the 21st century is formed by the following main frames: institutional Eurocentrism with the system-forming role of the European Union, civilizational values, socio-cultural unity of diversity, production culture, and Eurointegration aspirations as a path to the future.

Yuriko Doi’s Teaching and Transmission of Noh and Kyōgen in San Francisco

<p>Yuriko Doi founded the Theatre of Yugen in San Francisco and taught American students noh and kyōgen for more than thirty years. Noh theatre, in living practice in Japan for more than six hundred years, incorporates music, dance, acting, and singing. While noh is serious and sombre, kyōgen is a comedic form traditionally performed within or between noh plays. Starting in the late 1970s, Doi’s Theatre of Yugen performed new works inspired and informed by noh as well as kyōgen in English around the US and also in Japan. Noh training ideally begins in childhood as one-on-one study with a teacher and continues into adulthood. The transmission of noh is considered to be from body (teacher) to body (student) without verbal explication. To teach students in an ensemble theatre company in California, Doi adapted aspects of the transmission process as well as aspects of the form. Doi taught the exterior qualities of movement and vocal technique and, at the same time, tried to instill a sense of noh’s interior qualities, which include time, aesthetic intensity, and art practice as a life path. While teaching noh and kyōgen, Doi wants her students to draw from all of their training and influences. She explains that trying to hide other performance traditions held in the body, such as Western acting technique, will deflate the energy of a performance. She argues that if an actor can develop a complex sense of noh they can integrate it with all of the other knowledge structures in the body, which will lead to a masterful performance. Based on a series of interviews with Doi, the treatises of noh founder Zeami Motokiyo, and recent scholarship on noh, this essay examines the practice and transmission of noh and how the art is continued and revised through Doi’s work.</p>

‘I have really learned how to smile with my eyes’. Risk work and embodied care practices among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark

The COVID-19 pandemic placed health sectors across the world under great pressure in terms of acute care and infection control. Policies responding to the latter led to a change in working practices among health practitioners, including nurses. The changes included establishing new patterns and protocols of risk work to mitigate infection risk in hospitals, but these new ways of working were somewhat incompatible with embodied practices of care. Our small-scale study, based on in-depth qualitative interviews with nurses in Danish hospitals in March 2021 (n = 9) indicates that, amid this crisis of embodied practices, nurses established new ways of caring, and built up close relationships with patients through verbal explication and exaggeration. At the same time, the findings also demonstrate the limits of these new practices in caring for specific groups of patients, such as children. In this context, we found examples of the breaking of risk-mitigation protocols in order to establish caring relationships with young patients. Yet some of these young patients belonged to the small group of children at risk of developing serious illness in the case of a potential COVID-19 infection. We analyse these problems in risk work and caring through a framework drawing on social theoretical approaches to risk and embodiment.

Teacher self-correction of conceptual error: Fictionalisation and shifting epistemological stance in early childhood education teaching

Teachers making errors in explanation that require subsequent self-correction is presumably common in education. However, it may be difficult to capture in research. In this study, teacher self-correction in the context of early childhood science education within a fictive frame was captured on video when documenting science activities over a prolonged time. How the teachers address the error they discover in their teaching and work in correcting it in subsequent activities are analyzed. The error identified and addressed concerns the distinction between a tornado and a dust devil (dust vortex). The empirical data consist of video recordings of teachers-children interaction in Swedish preschool. The participating children are 4 to 5 years old. The findings clarify how the teachers in addressing and correcting the conceptual error uses different semiotic means, with a particular emphasis on the coordination of gesturing and verbal explication when contrasting and explaining the different phenomena. The analysis also clarifies how the fictive character employed leads to a shift in epistemic status of the teachers to becoming co-learners with the children. How addressing and amending errors in explanation may function in deepening meaning making rather than working detrimental to it is discussed.

THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF THE “RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR” CONCEPT IN THE UKRAINIAN INFOMEDIA SPACE OF THE WAR PERIOD

The article presents the results of the study of the “Russian-Ukrainian war” concept semantic field based on the material published by leading Ukrainian informational Internet resources. The researched concept is important in the modern conceptual sphere. It will keep a special place in the picture of the world of the Ukrainians’ next generations. Content analysis and statistical analysis were used as the main research methods. The second one was implemented with the Google search engine tools that specialized in the mathematical calculation of the frequency of language units use. The analysis of the semantic organization of the concept of “Russian-Ukrainian war” is based on the theoretical foundations of the field conception. Since the verbal explication of the concept of “Russian-Ukrainian war” in the info-media space goes beyond the linguistic grouping, united by paradigmatic semantic relations between words, and is determined by a non-linguistic situation that has various aspects, the description of this linguistic and mental construct is carried out in terminology semantic field. It has been determined the analytical semolex, which is the titular name of the concept – a full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. Moreover, it was found that the content of the linguistic and mental construct objectifies the semantic field, in which the thematic groups of language embodiments of the main content components are clearly distinguished: “aggressor”, “defenders of Ukraine”, “weapons”, “Ukrainians at war”, “actions occupiers”, “crimes of the occupiers”, “consequences of the war”, “tragedies of the war”, “events of the war”, “international reaction to the Russian-Ukrainian war”. Lexical units, analytical semolexes, and word combinations belonging to thematic groups do not occupy the same positions in the structural model of the studied concept. Eleven nominations represent the core of the linguistic and mental image of the Russian-Ukrainian war in the Ukrainian picture of the world. It is supplemented and detailed by the core zone of the concept, which includes twenty-eight verbalizers of the conceptual features of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which are currently relevant in the public consciousness of Ukrainians.

Verbal explication of axiological constants of feminist discourse in the Russian languagein the context of cyberactivism

The authors focus on the interconnection between the basic constituents of two phenomena relevant to modern Russian studies - the phenomenon of cyberactivism and the linguistic personality of a feminist activist. The relevance is determined by the object of the study, which is a special form of social and linguo-cultural interactions - the discursive practices of feminist cyberactivism. Being transmitted in the network environment for promoting socio-political activities, feminist cyberactivism represents a substantial part of content nowadays and appears to be one ofthe most important factors in the formation of axiological determinants in the Russian society.The aim of the study is to identify and systematically characterize the specific linguistic features of actual feminist and pro-feminist blogs, demonstrating both the ideological views of the feminismand the peculiar linguistic representation of feminism as a thematic field in the aspect of idioethnic features of the linguistic personality of a feminist activist. Particular attention is paid to the methods of verbal definition of the problematic field of feminist cyberactivism (primarily, the definition of gender inequality index in Russia) as well as to the identification of basic semasiological mechanisms for “modifying” the pragmatic parameters of the Russian-speaking feminist blogosphere. The material was collected from online blogs of feminist activists, text units from thematic feminist communities in social networks, as well as text materials of public organizations whose activities are closely related to feminist ideology. The critical discourse analysis, functional analysis of media texts (blogs), complex structural and contextual analysis of the language system of the Russian blogo-sphere, stylistic analysis of visual resources of the Russian language, linguo-pragmatic analysis of communicative acts, and the method of linguo-culturological interpretations were applied. The authors discovered that blog activism has several characteristic features that are reflected in its verbal and communicative content. The main purpose of most blogs (especially those belonging to personal pro-feminist blogs) is an act of self-presentation. This is the reason why this type of activism often hasan individual, rather than a collective nature, and the authors, as a rule, do not indicate their civil or political goals, which brings this framework of feminist discourse closer to non-political social practices. It is concluded that bloggers rarely use conventional language forms traditionally inherent to ideologized practices. This in turn leads to the evolvement of new communication strategies and, given the expansion pace of modern blogosphere, may have a major social effect in the future. The authors prove that by cultivating “at a certain angle,” the sense-forming component of feminist discourse, which is a critical reflection of female subjectiveness, feminist cyberactivism demonstrates a high degree of civil society involvement in certain political processes since it essentially aims at fulfilling the socio-ethological function (organization of hyperdiscourse through optimizing the reci-pient’s behavior and forming a need to share an actualized standpoint). Further consideration of fe-minist cyberactivism, which is both the primary method for the expansion of feminist community in Russia and its constitutive feature, can answer many questions on the linguo-cultural and, more broadly, civilizational structure of Russian society.

Коммуникативный инструментарий современного феминистского киберактивизма: к постановке проблемы

Modern Russian feminist discourse, being a poorly described area of communicative interaction, turns out to be one of the most important factors in the formation of the axiological determinants of Russian society today. In this regard, the article presents an analysis of new forms of social and linguocultural interactions - feminist cyberactivism, broadcast in the network environment for political activities and representing a significant part of today's online content. The authors focus on the description of specific linguistic features of different semiotic text units (online flashmob, information cards and communities/blogs of Russian fem-activists), demonstrating the ideological views of the feminist movement. Particular attention is paid to the methods of verbal explication of the problematic field of feminist cyberctivism (primarily, the definition of gender inequality index in Russia) and identification of the basic semasiological mechanisms for the "modification" of pragmatic parameters of the Russian-speaking feminist blogosphere. By developing the sense-forming component of feminist discourse, which is a critical reflection of female subjectivity, "from a certain angle", feminist cyberactivism demonstrates a high degree of involvement of the civil society in political processes, since it is essentially aimed at implementing not an informational, but rather an influence function (to evoke the desired emotional response in the recipient and to urge the need to share an updated position). The authors assume that a (subsequently) detailed consideration of the phenomenon of feminist cyberactivism, which is both the main means for the expansion of the fem-community in Russia and its constitutive feature, can answer many questions of the social and, more broadly, civilizational structure of Russian society.

CATEGORY “SPACE” IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE WORLD PICTURE (IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE)

Problem Statement. The article presents the analysis of the phenomenon “space” in the aspect of linguistic-and-cognitive approach to the language study. The research is conducted on the material of philosophical discourse, namely, on the texts of the philosophical treatise of F. Bacon “The Essays”. Means of verbal explication of the phenomenon “space” are analyzed using semantic-and-cognitive approach, their interpretational and quantitative analysis is conducted, the features of near and far periphery of the lexical-and-semantic field of the phenomenon “space” are determined, the specific features of its content in the English linguistic picture of the world in the consideration of philosophical world view are revealed. Results. The phenomenon “space” in the philosophical discourse of F. Bacon is represented by the image of garden. The phenomenon garden in the English picture of the world is a complex multicomponent cognitive formation, its nuclear areas of cognitive structure incorporate the following features: “limitation”, “cultivated territory”, “place for rest”. The features belonging to far periphery of the phenomenon garden can be presented by three groups: “Organization of Space”; “Activity in Space”; “Evaluation of Space”. The most number of language examples represent the group “Organization of Space”, that contains the feature of geometrical parameters of garden and conditions of organization of garden space. Conclusion. Phenomenon “space” in the philosophical discourse is a complex mental formation. Its contents can be represented by structural-and-parametric model, basic elements of which are geometric parameters. Metric accuracy is the basis of space organization of garden in the aspect of philosophy of F. Bacon. Space is determined by the following function of garden: to be a comfortable place for esthetic visualization and relaxation, to present a result of the unity of man`s knowledge and experience and uniqueness of nature. The interconnection of the components of garden, their harmonious co-existence makes up an associative parallel between organization of garden space and miniature of the world model in the philosophical interpretation of F. Bacon. Space is considered to be a component of plant life, a locus for man`s activity, man`s constant experiment in harmony with nature.

Collage-based graphic elicitation method for capturing the lived experiences of veterans with Gulf War illness

AimsGraphic elicitation is an emergent data gathering approach in qualitative research. An overview of the development and application of a collage based graphic elicitation method in gaining greater understanding about the experience of Gulf War Illness (GWI) is presented in this paper. The unique contributions of this method are also discussed. Main methodsFourteen veterans with GWI were interviewed and then invited to represent their experiences in a visual format through a collage graphic elicitation task. Interviews and collage artworks were coded and compared to both verbal and art responses during the graphic elicitation process. Key findingsComparison of the content in the interview responses and collage artwork indicates that the graphic elicitation process resulted in three distinct responses: (1) Synthesis and confirmation of content articulated in the interviews, (2) focus on salient aspects of living with GWI, and (3) revealing previously unarticulated experiences. SignificanceThis work demonstrates the unique contributions of collage graphic elicitation, including allowing for spontaneity, metaphorical thinking, enriching verbal explication, and uncovering lived experiences and new affective responses. The sample size was too small to make any generalizations, and more research is needed to further validate these initial findings.

Language Representation Features of Primary Human Needs in Discourse: a Case Study on Short Prose by A. Solzhenitsyn

The article is devoted to the cognitive analysis of linguistic means, representing the primary human needs in extreme conditions. The nominations denoting the concepts of “food” and “warmth” are subjected to the lexico-semantic, grammatical, stylistic consideration. A choice of the discourse for analysis is due to describing a human life in detention when the primary adaptive needs prevail all others and become the most valuable. The representation of human basic biological need in food and warmth is considered in the given contexts. The use of colloquial vocabulary, grammatical norms violation, as well as figurative comparisons and transformed phraseological units in the contexts determine peculiarities of the verbal explication of the concept “food”. The author pays attention to the stylistically reduced vocabulary, which stands out the lexeme “belly”, acquiring new semantic shades in the analyzed fragments. With the nomination of warmth as another important human need for existence, the lexeme “stove” is associated. The paper identifies and analyzes the factors that cause the life values changes at the cognitive level of a person experiencing deprivation of basic biological needs.

Axiological range of the publicist discourse: the value of «family» (based on the material of German periodical press)

The article is devoted to the study of the axiological features of modern German printed mass media which represent a special type of discursive practice. The multidimensional nature of the publicist discourse derives from the intrinsically explicit nature of its social and temporal determinability in media space. The methodology verbal realization for identifying the axiological features of the phenomenon of family in modern applied linguistic research is variable: consideration of the pragmalinguistic peculiarities of speech products and their lexical and semantic content, etc. are conditioned by the approach and direction the author selects. The present research builds on the methodological procedure for describing the field structure of value and its illustrative modelling. The appeal to the verbal explication of the value “family” allowed not only to obtain new data and clarify the features of its lexical and semantic model, but also to reveal deep transformations in the understanding of one of the most important social categories that cement the system of social relations. The analysis of the corpus of identified contexts (1352 names) has deter-mined that the structure of the value family / Familie features a number of peculiarities. Thus, the core of the field includes the primary onym as well as secondary categories (Verwandtschaft / relatives, Parentel / relatives, heirs, Sippschaft / relatives, etc.). The near periphery of the field consists of three components (lexical-semantic microfields): family as 1) an element of the organization of social relations (nicht legalisierte Gemeinschaft / illegitimate cohabitation; die Gattenfamilie / family based on marriage), 2) an association of immediate family and relatives (Sprössling / offspring, child; Ehepaar / married couple), 3) an entity of economic activity (der Haushaltsführer / owner). The far periphery of the field structure of the value contains emotional-evaluative components. The most frequent among them are various metaphors (most commonly with a positive semantic meaning: Liebesnest / love nest; der letzte Schutzraum / last refuge; Hafen in einer herzlosen Welt / pier in a heartless world, etc., and less often – with a negative connotation: Nervenspagat / twine for nerves; Orga-Katastrophe / organizational disaster, etc.). The feature of particular interest revealed by the analysis is a rather broad semantic range of lexemes representing various types of building familial relationships that are different from the traditional concept of the family: Probeehe / trial marriage; nicht legalisierte Gemeinschaft / illegitimate cohabitation; Commuter-Ehe / regular-separate marriage, etc., which testifies to conceptual transformations in the axiological picture of the world of the German linguistic culture.

Psychological Peculiarities of Understanding Communicative Behavior of People from English-Speaking Countries

The aim of this research is to define psychological peculiarities of understanding communicative behavior of people from English-speaking countries. Methods of the research. As for general scientific methods, the method of induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, comparative and descriptive methods and explanatory one are used. The results of the research. It was shown that the perception and understanding of communicative behavior of people from English-speaking countries in a great degree was actualized through the image. The latter is not just the result of the person’s imagination, but a visual generalization that accompanies the verbal explication of the man’s thoughts through the Englishmen / women pointing gestures. If the pointing gesture is separated from the whole paradigm of perception as a certain object of interest from the environment, especially situational, then the separation, for example, is a part of this object in relations to a specially selected or constructed space indicates the supra-situational attitude of the recipient to a certain object and the creation of the most stable way of existence of the object itself, in addition to its connections with the pointing gesture. Thus, the pointing gesture is transformed into a paradigm of conditional space, further transformations of which facilitates the emergence of the «pointing field» in the system of the perception and understanding of communicative behavior of people from English-speaking countries. Conclusions. The actualization of communicative behavior of people from English-speaking countries by recipients takes place in a conditional space close to a real life. Communicative behavior of people from English-speaking countries contributes to the fact that speech activity will be «grouped» around the image and creative practices. Conditionally, space becomes a paradigm of the most significant and valuable content, which initially embodied a certain image, specially created by the addressee. In other words, the selection of this speech image became the basis for the construction of the individual model of the world by recipients. Ritualized real actions, which contain the «products» of all kinds of creative practices in their structure, represent a symbolic form of the primary image, which is created by recipients from the very beginning of the actualization of communicative behavior of people from English-speaking countries

Explication of axiological component of the Japanese folkloreme Issun-bōshi in the English versions of eponymous fairy tale

The subject of this research is actualization of the value component of Japanese culture on the periphery of the original Japanese folkloreme “Issun-bōshi” in the nine English-language versions of eponymous fairy tale. The article examines the methods of verbal explication on the discourse level through the dialogues, descriptions, and events of the original Japanese fairy tale and its English interpretations. The author determines seven axiological characteristics of the Japanese folkloreme, such as acceptance, dependence, modesty, service, etc. It is demonstrated how depending on the dialogues and descriptions in different versions of the Japanese folk tale, the value orientations of Japanese culture are explicated inalterably or adjusted to the perceptions of the author of English version. The conducted research reveals the specificity of one culture through another language and culture, as well as variability of presentation of the value orientations, attitudes, and preferences through the prism of mentality and values of the author of the foreign-language version. The following axiological components of Japanese folkloreme were determined: designated environment; love and acceptance; service to the emperor; family ties; modesty; spiritual beauty; and the folkloreme of magic gavel. The author carries out a comparative analysis of explication of the Japanese folkloreme in different English versions of the fairy tale; reveals the axiological components explicated in the text of Issun-bōshi and the differences in value orientations described in the English versions of the fairy tale.

Иконическая перформативность китайских ман­тических диаграмм

The article traces and discusses the philosophically significant consequences of the rootedness of the ancient Chinese thought in the original iconicity of Chinese hieroglyphic writing. The phenomenon of performativity is investigated on the Chinese material. In the course of the study, a fundamental methodological difference between performative statements and performative declarations is introduced. In light of the proposed difference, a pronounced performative declarativeness of the famous Confucian concept of zhengming (“correcting of names”) is revealed. This rarely studied aspect of the “correcting of names” should not be confused with the currently well-known performative naming implied by the setting to zhengming. The main result of the proposed methodological distinctions and exegetical analysis is the identification of the non-verbal prototype of the concept of zhengming (the hexagram “Family”). The paradigmatic nature of the prototype of the hexagram graphics in relation to the verbal formulation, which endows the performative status of the original visual image with the verbal explication of this image, allows the author to generalize this particular observation to the fundamental final hypothesis according to which the performative effectiveness of the word is secondary in comparison with the initial performativity of the mantic diagrammatism.

Интерперсональные характеристики русскоязычного феминистского медиадискурса (на примере telegram-канала «Дочь разбойника»)

The focus of the authors of the article is the description of linguistic features of feminist discursive practices as a new type of institutional interactions. In this regard, the prerequisites for the formation of the fem movement are considered, the patterns of reflection of ideological positions in feminist texts are analyzed, the ways of verbal explication of the axiological constants of feminism in the Russian blogosphere are identified, the basic mechanisms of “modification” of the structural and semantic parameters of Russian linguistic units are determined. Special attention is paid to the characterization of interpersonal features of feminist discourse, for which dialogueness is not only a significant constitutive factor, but also the main way of expanding the fem community in Russia.

ПРОБЛЕМА «НЕТОЧНЫХ СЛОВ» (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СМЕШАННЫХ ЭМОЦИЙ)

The article deals with the problem of «inaccurate words» using the example of the language categorization of mixed emotions, which is understood as a means of expressing emotions, in which two or more categories of emotional experiences are combined into a single whole. This term proposed by K. A. Dolinin correlates with the semantic phenomena of desemantization and deverbalization, which simultaneously represent the simplification and complication of the codified language system, the «loosening» of conventional semantic content of words, and the introduction of additional semantic components into semantics. The article postulates that the emotional and semantic component of any word is limitless, which determines the constant semantic development of the word depending on the communicative situation, the goals of communication, the communicative intention of the speaker, etc. The fundamental inexpressibility of emotional experiences represents the potency of the system development. The summative concept of a mixed emotion, in which the sum is greater than its parts, is a pronounced inexpressibility, when, with a linearly constructed enumeration of the components of a mixed emotion, its emotional and semantic component remains undefined, since there are no means of conventional expression of this type of emotion in the language. The author establishes an interparadigmal connection of mixed emotions with alexithymia, i.e. the impossibility or difficulty of verbal explication of emotional experiences, which is supported by observations of the artistic representation of alexithymic persons' specific behavior. At the linguistic level, this phenomenon is explained by the fact that the speaker does not find the appropriate means to express their emotions in the linguistic system of emotion categorization and, as a result, resorts to creating new descriptions of his emotional experiences.

Family axiosphere: to the problem of inventory of basic values (on the material of recording of conversational speech)

The goal of this work consists on determination of specificity of axiological content of the speech commonly used in a modern family. The dialogical material of Ural citizens united by the commonality of family relations was accumulated; the audio recordings were translated into written form (700,000 characters). The author developed a heuristic procedure for linguo-axiological analysis of conversational speech based on the content of family communication. The two types of speech communication depending on the vector speech behavior towards the content of conversation (content plan) or the addressee (communication plan). The value-thematic and value-communicative fragments of the dialogue are determined respectively. Fragmentation of dialogues on the value basis provides the researcher with the set of compact structural units of analysis appropriate for identification of value meanings of dialogue of the respondents. The author highlights direct and implicit linguistic cues of verbalization of value representations of linguistic identity; acquires the typology of verbal explication of basic values, systematization of axiological representations within the family. The first block of values is determined based on the analysis of value-thematic fragments. It includes universal values, as well as the groups of values related to family relationships, household, and values that receive public recognition. The second block of values is determines based on the analysis of communication-value fragments. It includes groups of values associated with general communication values and values of family interactions.

Verbal explication of discursive personality in the light of antropthentrism

Verbal explication of discursive personality in the light of antropthentrism

СРЕДСТВА ВЕРБАЛИЗАЦИИ РЕКЛАМНОГО ДИСКУРСА РЫНКА ФИНАНСОВЫХ УСЛУГ

The article analyses a suggestive component of advertising texts with a view to identify the techniques used to propagate financial services market. Special attention is paid to the dichotomy of the statement propositional content and the means of verbalization. Using the statistical method, the paper estimates the percentage of manipulative contexts on financial organizations’ websites. Linguistic techniques for verbal explication of a suggestive intention are summarized in a table. The conclusion is made that financial companies’ advertising discourse evolves from institutionalization to democratization.

Psycholinguistic Peculiarities of Non-Canonical (Personal) Religious Discourse

Introduction. The article reveals universal and specific features of non-canonical religious discourse. Religious discourse is generally defined as the process of cognitive-speech activity in a religiously relevant social and communicative situation, which involves the reception, transmission and/or creation (compilation) of certain religious texts in a certain context; and as the current result of this activity, which creates the corresponding discursive picture (model) of the world. The main genre of religious discourse is prayer – canonical (institutionalized) and non-canonical (non-institutionalized, personal). Non-canonical prayer is defined as an appeal to God, the text of which may contain both canonical fragments and individual verbal formulations of the subject.
 Materials & Techniques of the Research. The sample of empirical research is 543 persons of different age, social status, from different regions of Western Ukraine. Due to the use in the first stage of «Methods for the Study of Religious Activity» (D. Smirnov) and subtraction of quartiles, the whole initial sample is divided into four sub-samples of persons with different levels of religious activity. In the second stage, the verbalization of non-canonical religious discourses was recorded. The thus obtained 543 texts were subjected to content-analytic procedures using the «Textanz» computer program. The methods of psychosemantic and psycholinguistic textual analysis are used as the basis for the mentioned processing and interpretation of results.
 Results. According to the results of the study, universal patterns of psycholinguistic structure of non-canonical religious discourse were identified, connected with the activation of the «I–You» system and the verbal explication of a certain personal request and gratitude. Some specific semantic variations of the corresponding discourse, due to the level of religious activity of the subject, are also revealed. It is stated, in particular, that at its higher levels, the number and, consequently, the importance of the tokens of the noun category «Spiritual, psychic life» («love», «heart», etc.) are increasing. This demonstrates the importance of prayer for high-religious individuals, not only as an external means of support, but as an effective psychological resource for self-control.