Verbal Control Research Articles

민주적 경찰활동에 미치는 언어적 통제 교육의 효과성 연구: 언어적 통제 교육프로그램을 중심으로

Verbal control is the only means of changing citizens' behavior without conflict between police and citizens. While the police force inevitably aims to suppress citizens and seal the conflict, verbal control with conversation makes it possible for citizens to end the conflict independently. Since verbal control is essential for police, the National Police Human Resources Development Institute operates a training program for front-line police officers. This study confirmed the effect of verbal control training on police democratic policing based on the verbal control training program of the National Police Human Resources Development Institute. As a result, the verbal control training increased the overall willingness for democratic policing. In particular, positive changes were found in the discriminatory perception of law enforcement based on the behavior of police subjects or the level of law violations. This study is of academic value because it conducted a questionnaire before and after participation in a verbal control training program, evaluated the educational effect from a longitudinal perspective, and interpreted it theoretically. It is hoped that the importance of dialogue and verbal control within police organizations will be improved, and a democratic police activity paradigm will spread based on this.

AREA OPTIMALIZATION WITH SYSTEMATIC LAYOUT PLANNING AND CLASS BASED STORAGE METHODS TO INCREASE STORAGE CAPACITY

PT Simatelex Manufactory Batam (SMB) is engaged in Coffee Maker and Pizza Maker. In the manufacture of these products, they are divided into several buildings in the Batamindo Industrial Park area, the products produced are made based on orders from customers. The products produced by the company are mostly marketed abroad (exports).
 In the production of Coffee Maker which is located on Jl. Beringin Muka Kuning, Lot 003, Batamindo Industrial Park Area, Batam. Finished products are then stored in the warehouse area on the ground floor of the building (Ground) which has an area capacity of 60%, so that all finished goods cannot be stored, in addition to using an area of 60%, another cause of finished goods not being able to be stored is all mismatched placement. finished goods include Finished Goods Fresh from the production line and Finished Goods to Shipping, so that there are no finished goods to shipping sequences that are not in accordance with CO (Create Order) and there is a buildup of products in the finished goods area.
 Therefore, the authors are interested in conducting research by anticipating these conditions so that it is necessary to optimize the storage of the finished goods. Improvements made in the form of changes to the flow of finished goods moving, re-layout the optimal warehouse stock level using the Systematic Layout Planning method, and making verbal control monitoring in the warehouse using the Class Based Storage method. From these improvements, the results obtained are an increase in area use by 60% to 80%, and also ensure that the area capacity can meet the company's needs.

A Unified Multimodal Interface for the RELAX High-Payload Collaborative Robot.

This manuscript introduces a mobile cobot equipped with a custom-designed high payload arm called RELAX combined with a novel unified multimodal interface that facilitates Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) tasks requiring high-level interaction forces on a real-world scale. The proposed multimodal framework is capable of combining physical interaction, Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) radio sensing, a Graphical User Interface (GUI), verbal control, and gesture interfaces, combining the benefits of all these different modalities and allowing humans to accurately and efficiently command the RELAX mobile cobot and collaborate with it. The effectiveness of the multimodal interface is evaluated in scenarios where the operator guides RELAX to reach designated locations in the environment while avoiding obstacles and performing high-payload transportation tasks, again in a collaborative fashion. The results demonstrate that a human co-worker can productively complete complex missions and command the RELAX mobile cobot using the proposed multimodal interaction framework.

The pupil as a window to the mind’s eye: Greater emotionality of episodic imagery than verbal visualisation of rewarding activities

Episodic imagery has been shown to amplify emotion more than abstract verbal representations. This may prove useful for clinical interventions aiming to motivate adaptive behaviours. However, most findings rely on self-report measures and verbal control conditions not designed to actively prevent automatic engagement in episodic imagery. We thus investigated the difference in emotionality between Episodic Imagery (EI) and Verbal Visualisation (VV) using pupil dilation as a physiological measure of emotional arousal. A sample of 75 participants listened to audio recordings describing activities in a positive manner. Subjects were randomly assigned to the EI or VV condition. Participants in the EI condition imagined performing the described activity, while participants in the VV condition visualised the words constituting the descriptions. As predicted, EI led to greater pupil dilation than VV, independent of mental effort. Self-reported anticipatory reward assessed throughout the task was also greater for EI than VV, yet no difference was found for arousal, anticipated reward or motivation. Our findings extend previous work demonstrating the property of episodic imagery to amplify emotion to a physiological level using pupillometry. However, we did not find a transfer to motivation, which is in line with previous studies using verbal control conditions for episodic imagery.

Loudness affects motion: asymmetric volume of auditory feedback results in asymmetric gait in healthy young adults

BackgroundThe potential of auditory feedback for motor learning in the rehabilitation of various diseases has become apparent in recent years. However, since the volume of auditory feedback has played a minor role so far and its influence has hardly been considered, we investigate the volume effect of auditory feedback on gait pattern and gait direction and its interaction with pitch.MethodsThirty-two healthy young participants were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 16) received a high pitch (150-250 Hz) auditory feedback; group 2 (n = 16) received a lower pitch (95-112 Hz) auditory feedback. The feedback consisted of a real-time sonification of the right and left foot ground contact. After an initial condition (no auditory feedback and full vision), both groups realized a 30-minute habituation period followed by a 30-minute asymmetry period. At any condition, the participants were asked to walk blindfolded and with auditory feedback towards a target at 15 m distance and were stopped 5 m before the target. Three different volume conditions were applied in random order during the habituation period: loud, normal, and quiet. In the subsequent asymmetry period, the three volume conditions baseline, right quiet and left quiet were applied in random order.ResultsIn the habituation phase, the step width from the loud to the quiet condition showed a significant interaction of volume*pitch with a decrease at high pitch (group 1) and an increase at lower pitch (group 2) (group 1: loud 1.02 ± 0.310, quiet 0.98 ± 0.301; group 2: loud 0.95 ± 0.229, quiet 1.11 ± 0.298). In the asymmetry period, a significantly increased ground contact time on the side with reduced volume could be found (right quiet: left foot 0.988 ± 0.033, right foot 1.003 ± 0.040, left quiet: left foot 1.004 ± 0.036, right foot 1.002 ± 0.033).ConclusionsOur results suggest that modifying the volume of auditory feedback can be an effective way to improve gait symmetry. This could facilitate gait therapy and rehabilitation of hemiparetic and arthroplasty patients, in particular if gait improvement based on verbal corrections and conscious motor control is limited.

Effects of a history of headache and migraine treatment on baseline neurocognitive function in young athletes

Objective/backgroundDespite the prevalence of concussions in young athletes, the impact of headaches on neurocognitive function at baseline is poorly understood. We analyze the effects of a history of headache treatment on baseline ImPACT composite scores in young athletes.MethodsA total of 11,563 baseline ImPACT tests taken by 7,453 student-athletes ages 12-22 between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. The first baseline test was included. There were 960 subjects who reported a history of treatment for headache and/or migraine (HA) and 5,715 controls (CT). The HA cohort included all subjects who self-reported a history of treatment for migraine or other type of headache on the standardized questionnaire. Chi-squared tests were used to compare demographic differences. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to assess differences in baseline composite scores between cohorts while controlling for demographic differences and symptom burden.ResultsUnadjusted analyses demonstrated that HA was associated with increased symptoms (β=2.30, 95% CI: 2.18-2.41, p<.0001), decreased visual memory (β=-1.35, 95% CI: -2.62 to -0.43, p=.004), and increased visual motor speed (β=0.71, 95% CI: 0.23-1.19, p=.004) composite scores. Baseline scores for verbal memory, reaction time, and impulse control were not significantly different between cohorts. Adjusted analyses demonstrated similar results with HA patients having greater symptom burden (β=1.40, 95% CI: 1.10-1.70, p<.0001), lower visual memory (β=-1.25, 95% CI: -2.22 to -0.27, p=.01), and enhanced visual motor speed (β=0.60, 95% CI: 0.11-1.10, p=.02) scores.ConclusionHA affected symptom, visual motor speed, and visual memory ImPACT composite scores. Visual memory scores and symptom burden were significantly worse in the HA group while visual motor speed scores were better, which may have been due to higher stimulant use in the HA group. The effects of HA on visual motor speed and visual memory scores were independent of the effects of the increased symptom burden.

A new angle on mental rotation ability in transgender men: Modulation by ovarian milieu

Organizational/activational theory posits that transgender individuals should perform in the direction of their gender, not their sex, on cognitive tasks that show sex differences—the largest of which are observed on visuospatial tasks. Yet, tests of this hypothesis have been mixed for transgender men (TM). One possible reason is that performance shifts associated with the hormonal milieu at testing have not been fully considered in TM. Although “activating” influences, like gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), are well-characterized in this population, endogenous ones, like ovarian cycling, have gone unaddressed. To provide a more complete picture of hormonal activation, we explored an influence of ovarian milieu on visuospatial performance of TM, and its potential contributions toward effects of sex and GAHT. We administered two male-favoring mental rotation tests (MRTs), and a sex-neutral control task to 22 TM naïve to GAHT (TM-), 29 TM receiving GAHT (TM+), and cisgender men (CM; n = 24) and women (CW; n = 43), testing cycling men (TM-) and women (CW) in either early follicular phase (Follicular) or midluteal phase (Luteal). On MRTs, performance of TM- varied across the menstrual cycle, and matched that of menstrual phase-matched CW. Additionally, cycling individuals in Follicular performed as strongly as TM+ and CM, all of whom performed above individuals in Luteal. Effects did not extend to a verbal control task, on which TM+ performed below others. Rather than conforming to static categories that suggest sex- or gender-typical organization of cognitive circuits, our findings support dynamic shifts in visuospatial ability of TM, and illustrate the need to consider activating effects of hormones beyond GAHT.

The Effect of Test Setting Upon Test-Retest Reliability of ImPACT Baseline Tests in High School Athletes

To determine the test-retest reliability of ImPACT baseline tests across different schools within the same larger concussion management program. ImPACT is the most widely used concussion management cognitive testing tool. Baseline testing is often required for high school sports participation. Typically, testing occurs every 2 years based on test-retest reliability statistics in previous studies. Demographic and environmental factors, such as age, sex, number of participants, and supervision, all impact baseline performance. Studies to date have not examined test-retest differences across testing sites, such as between school differences. Cross-sectional retrospective design. Valid baseline tests from high school athletes over a 2-year interval were included. Participants who experienced concussions prior to or between tests were excluded. A total of 979 student athletes from 5 schools were included. The Intra-class correlations were determined over a 2-year period for each ImPACT composite score and school. ICC estimates averaged between schools reflected good reliability for visual-motor speed (0.833), visual memory (0.673) and reaction time (0.615) over the two-year period. Verbal memory (0.586) and impulse control (0.556) were less reliable. Between schools a greater range of composite reliability was observed for reaction time (0.484-0.730) and impulse control (0.461-0.655) compared to verbal memory (0.534-0.637), visual memory (0.61-0.719), and visual-motor speed (0.769-914). As previously established, reliability of ImPACT baselines vary by composite. This study revealed that reliability also varies by setting, as different schools yielded different ICCs. Consistent with the literature, the most reliable measure was visual-motor speed. The greatest difference in reliability between schools was for reaction time. These results suggest that test setting and environment affect reliability of ImPACT baseline scores, with varying effects per composite. Attention must be paid to environmental setting to improve reliability of baseline cognitive test performance to maximize athlete safety.

유아의 자기조절력에 대한 어머니의 애정적 양육태도, 인성적 언어통제와 유아의 자아존중감 간의 구조적 관계

본 연구는 어머니의 애정적 양육태도와 인성적 언어통제, 유아의 자아존중감 및 유아의 자기조절력 간의 구조적 관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 만 3-5세 유아 279명과 그들의 어머니이며, 수집된 자료는 Pearson의 적률 상관분석과 구조방정식 모형 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 어머니의 인성적 언어통제와 유아의 자아존중감은 유아의 자기조절력에 직접 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 인성적 언어통제는 유아의 자아존중감을 매개로 하여 유아의 자기조절력에 간접 영향도 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 애정적 양육태도가 유아의 자기 조절력에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 어머니의 인성적 언어통제와 유아 자아존중감의 순차적인 이중 매개 효과가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유아의 자기 조절력 증진 방안을 모색할 때 어머니의 애정적 양육태도 및 인성적 언어통제, 유아의 자아존중감을 고려해야 함을 시사하고 있다.

The Effect of Mothers’ Verbal Control Modes and Empathy On 5-year-old Children's Social Competence

The Effect of Mothers’ Verbal Control Modes and Empathy On 5-year-old Children's Social Competence

Culturally shared and unique meanings and expressions of maternal control across four cultures.

Maternal control is a major dimension of parenting and has different meanings, practices, and potential consequences across cultures. The present study aimed to identify and compare mothers' conceptualizations of parenting control across four cultures to reveal a more nuanced understanding regarding the meaning and practices of control: European American, Chinese immigrant, Korean immigrant, and Turkish. Using a semistructured open-ended interview, 100 European American, 102 U.S. Chinese immigrant, 103 U.S. Korean immigrant, and 109 Turkish mothers of preschool-aged children reported the ratings of importance, specific reasons, and strategies for exerting control over their children in daily life. Results revealed both shared and unique conceptualizations of maternal control across four cultures. Specifically, all mothers reported that it is important to express maternal control over their children in order to set behavioral norms/standards, maintain child safety, support social relations and respect for others, provide guidance, and guide moral development. Moreover, mothers discussed utilizing nonphysical punishment, setting and maintaining rules, reasoning/negotiating, consistency, physical punishment and verbal control, showing parents' serious/stern attitude, correction, and psychological control forms of control. However, the levels at which mothers emphasize the different reasons and strategies varied across cultures, reflecting culturally emphasized values. The findings of the present study further enrich our understanding of the complexities of maternal control across cultures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Возможности интерактивных технологий в формировании профессиональных компетенций бакалавров по направлению подготовки 44.03.05 «Математика», «Информатика»

The introduction of interactive educational technologies into university practice is an urgent task, the solution of which must be considered as a necessary and sufficient condition for improving the quality of training in the pedagogical education system of the Russian Federation. Interest in this problem is due to the often unjustified use of modern software and hardware in the educational process, which results in partial or complete loss of students’ skills in verbal communication, socio-communicative control, and adequate self-esteem. We aim to form a new approach to the development of professional competencies of future teachers, which is based on the principles of consistency, providing high-quality pedagogical education. The methods of analysis of the problems of formation, development and improvement of professional competences of students of pedagogical universities are used; systematization of factual and empirical data on the problem of introducing innovations into pedagogical practice. Generalization of the experience of using interactive educational technologies in the system of training specialists with higher professional education confirms the feasibility and necessity of introducing innovations into university pedagogical practice. Developed recommendations for the formation of tools for improving the professional competencies of future teachers, can be recommended for use in order to expand the framework of managing the educational process at the university.

Resting-State Fluctuations Underlie Free and Creative Verbal Behaviors in the Human Brain.

Resting-state fluctuations are ubiquitous and widely studied phenomena of the human brain, yet we are largely in the dark regarding their function in human cognition. Here we examined the hypothesis that resting-state fluctuations underlie the generation of free and creative human behaviors. In our experiment, participants were asked to perform three voluntary verbal tasks: a verbal fluency task, a verbal creativity task, and a divergent thinking task, during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)-activity during these tasks was contrasted with a control- deterministic verbal task, in which the behavior was fully determined by external stimuli. Our results reveal that all voluntary verbal-generation responses displayed a gradual anticipatory buildup that preceded the deterministic control-related responses. Critically, the time-frequency dynamics of these anticipatory buildups were significantly correlated with resting-state fluctuations' dynamics. These correlations were not a general BOLD-related or verbal-response related result, as they were not found during the externally determined verbal control condition. Furthermore, they were located in brain regions known to be involved in language production, specifically the left inferior frontal gyrus. These results suggest a common function of resting-state fluctuations as the neural mechanism underlying the generation of free and creative behaviors in the human cortex.

Human-computer multimodal interface to internet navigation

Purpose Propose and develop new multimodal interfaces that allow people with motor impairments to control mass use applications in a natural way through gestures and voice. Methods A multimodal interaction interface was developed for using Google Chrome, Gmail and Facebook applications through gestural and verbal commands. The interface activates mouse and keyboard commands from the processing of voice signals and videos of the user’s head movement. The interface does not disable traditional keyboard and mouse functions; moreover, it only requires a webcam and a microphone, which are usually built into portable computers. Results The tests were performed on three groups of people: young adults, older adults and people with motor impairments. The verbal interaction was tested on a total of 189 voice commands with an average performance of 75.7% and a total of 105 dictations. The dictations had an average of 13 words; the system had a performance of 81.1%. Moreover, the gestural interaction activated 126 commands without errors using a drop-down menu; a click was activated 84 times with a success rate of 70.2%. Conclusion The motor impairments group especially valued the option of using Google Chrome, Gmail and Facebook without physically manipulating a mouse and keyboard. This group showed a greater preference for verbal control than for gestural control. An adaptation period is required for the adults group to acquire greater skill in using the interface. The young adults group preferred the types of interactions they are accustomed to due to their familiarity with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT); they considered the interface fun. Implication for rehabilitation Computers and their applications were conceived with unnatural interaction mechanisms, such as the keyboard and mouse, which prevent their use by people with psychophysiological limitations or digital literacy. For this reason, the need arises to design new natural interfaces commanded by gestures and voice. It is necessary to develop low-cost interfaces that can control mass-use applications such as Google Chrome, Facebook and Gmail, which do not require additional hardware using webcams and microphones, which are usually integrated into laptops. The development of these multimodal interfaces improves the quality of life of people with motor impairments, allowing them to have access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).

Post-dialectics and fascistic argumentation in the global climate change debate

Argumentation is in the midst of a crisis that imperils deliberative rhetoric from working how it should when good arguments matter most. Rising trends of verbal aggression, hostility, and control in political contexts, which violate most argumentative norms but garner populistic adherence, are not only troubling for argumentation but also for the sustainability of life itself when it comes to the issue of global climate change. We argue that desires to control ideas and attitudes toward the environment demonstrate what we call fascistic argument—a form of argumentation that regales the domination of materialities, discourses, and bodies through nationalistic structures of feeling. Fascistic argument is one of many possible implications of a post-dialectical turn in argumentation, a perspective which understands argument as a constellation of assemblages, affects, and forces rather than a process of testing and contesting good reasons. We explore the rise of fascistic argument as an effect of the failure of reason to compel policy. This failure generates a contagion of affects and desires that control the argumentative process and infect dialectic debates aimed at achieving consensus.

Aging and working memory modulate the ability to benefit from visible speech and iconic gestures during speech-in-noise comprehension

When comprehending speech-in-noise (SiN), younger and older adults benefit from seeing the speaker’s mouth, i.e. visible speech. Younger adults additionally benefit from manual iconic co-speech gestures. Here, we investigate to what extent younger and older adults benefit from perceiving both visual articulators while comprehending SiN, and whether this is modulated by working memory and inhibitory control. Twenty-eight younger and 28 older adults performed a word recognition task in three visual contexts: mouth blurred (speech-only), visible speech, or visible speech + iconic gesture. The speech signal was either clear or embedded in multitalker babble. Additionally, there were two visual-only conditions (visible speech, visible speech + gesture). Accuracy levels for both age groups were higher when both visual articulators were present compared to either one or none. However, older adults received a significantly smaller benefit than younger adults, although they performed equally well in speech-only and visual-only word recognition. Individual differences in verbal working memory and inhibitory control partly accounted for age-related performance differences. To conclude, perceiving iconic gestures in addition to visible speech improves younger and older adults’ comprehension of SiN. Yet, the ability to benefit from this additional visual information is modulated by age and verbal working memory. Future research will have to show whether these findings extend beyond the single word level.

어머니의 인성적 언어통제가 유아의 창의적 인성에 미치는 영향: 유아의 자기조절 매개 효과를 중심으로

어머니의 인성적 언어통제가 유아의 창의적 인성에 미치는 영향: 유아의 자기조절 매개 효과를 중심으로

Assessment of the executive functions of moderate preterm children in preschool age

This study assesses EF and socioemotional development in 30 MPT children between 4 and 6 years, comparing them with 31 FT children. Working Memory was assessed with Digit Span and Corsi Block, verbal inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility with The Shape School Test, visuomotor inhibition with Go/No-Go and socioemotional development with SDQ for parents. In our study, MPT preschoolers had a poorer working memory, inhibitory control and verbal cognitive flexibility, and more emotional problems compared. Our results suggest that there is no safe gestational age in prematurity, for this reason, EF of preterm children should be evaluated at an early age, so early intervention plans can be implemented, preventing preterm from entering primary education in disadvantage.

유아의 기질 및 어머니의 언어통제 유형과 유아의 자아탄력성과의 관계

유아의 기질 및 어머니의 언어통제 유형과 유아의 자아탄력성과의 관계

양육자의 언어유형에 따른 아동의 자기조절능력 비교

양육자의 언어유형에 따른 아동의 자기조절능력 비교