Impaired Verbal Communication Research Articles

Komunikasi Verbal pada Stroke Non Hemoragik di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Binjai

Introduction:Non hemorrhagic stroke is an attack on brain tissues that occurs suddenly and could cause paralysis or permanent disability in any part of the body. Health issues that arise due to the stroke are vary widely. If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain it will affect the speech, the patient will experience speech disorders. One way to restore speech ability could be implemented by using verbal communication therapy by mentioning vowels. Objective:The study aimed to determine the application of nursing care to the patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke who experienced speech disorders and which can be done by implementing speech therapy vowels on communication ability of patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke.The method used descriptive case study. The subject of the study was conducted on 2 patients with the same case who experienced speech disorders. Results:The results showed that non hemorrhagic stroke was associated with impaired verbal communication. The intervention and implementation were performed by analyzing the general condition of the patients, distinguishing between aphasia and dysarthria, speakingdirectly to the patient slowly and calmly, communicating in normal tone and avoiding fast conversation, asking to follow simple command, and pronounce the vowels such. Conclusion:The evaluation carried out for 3 days and found that the patient could pronounce the vowels but its still unclear.

Lead (Pb)-induced oxidative stress mediates sex-specific autistic-like behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by three main behavioural symptoms: abnormal social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication impairments, and repetitive and restricted activities or interests. Even though the exact aetiology of ASD remains unknown, studies have shown a link between genetics and environmental pollutants. Heavy metal lead (Pb), the environmental pollutant, is associated with ASD. Pb may also exhibit sex-specific ASD behaviour, as has been demonstrated in the global human populations. Drosophila melanogaster as a model has been used in the present study to understand the involvement of Pb-induced oxidative stress in developing ASD behaviour. The larval feeding technique has been employed to administer different Pb concentrations (0.2-0.8mM) to Oregon-R (ORR), superoxide dismutase (Sod), or catalase (Cat) antioxidants overexpressed or knockdown flies. Adult Drosophila (5-day old) were used for Pb content, biochemical, and behavioural analysis.Pb accumulated in the Drosophila brain induces oxidative stress and exhibited a human autistic-like behaviour such as reduced climbing, increased grooming, increased social spacing, and decreased learning and memory in a sex-specific manner.Pb-induced autistic-like behaviour was intensified in Sod or Cat-knockdown flies, whereas Sod or Cat-overexpressed flies overcome that behavioural alterations. These results unequivocally proved that Pb-induced oxidative stress causes ASD behaviour of humans in Drosophila. Thus, Drosophila is used as a model organism to analyse ASD-like human behaviour and underlines the importance of using antioxidant therapy in alleviating ASD symptoms in children.

Spanish adaptation and validation of the Pain Assessment Scale in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) in patients with dementia and impaired verbal communication: cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale in Spanish.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingTwo health districts of Andalusian provinces, located in the...

Functional Connectivity-Based Prediction of Autism on Site Harmonized ABIDE Dataset.

The larger sample sizes available from multi-site publicly available neuroimaging data repositories makes machine-learning based diagnostic classification of mental disorders more feasible by alleviating the curse of dimensionality. However, since multi-site data are aggregated post-hoc, i.e. they were acquired from different scanners with different acquisition parameters, non-neural inter-site variability may mask inter-group differences that are at least in part neural in origin. Hence, the advantages gained by the larger sample size in the context of machine-learning based diagnostic classification may not be realized. We address this issue using harmonization of multi-site neuroimaging data using the ComBat technique, which is based on an empirical Bayes formulation to remove inter-site differences in data distributions, to improve diagnostic classification accuracy. Specifically, we demonstrate this using ABIDE (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange) multi-site data for classifying individuals with Autism from healthy controls using resting state fMRI-based functional connectivity data. Our results show that higher classification accuracies across multiple classification models can be obtained (especially for models based on artificial neural networks) from multi-site data post harmonization with the ComBat technique as compared to without harmonization, outperforming earlier results from existing studies using ABIDE. Furthermore, our network ablation analysis facilitated important insights into autism spectrum disorder pathology and the connectivity in networks shown to be important for classification covaried with verbal communication impairments in Autism. Multi-site data harmonization using ComBat improves neuroimaging-based diagnostic classification of mental disorders. ComBat has the potential to make AI-based clinical decision-support systems more feasible in psychiatry.

Evaluation of the clinical characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy and the perception of their parents on quality of life

Background and AimAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is among the serious clinical pictures of early childhood, and its main symptoms are qualitative dysfunction in social interactions with impairment of verbal and nonverbal communication and limitations in interests and activities. MethodsThis study aimed to examine the clinical conditions that mediate this comorbidity, compare parental quality of life in isolated ASD and ASD with epilepsy, demonstrate the relationships between clinical and EEG findings obtained in diagnostic evaluation, and examine the results in light of the literature. ResultsThe study sample consisted of 154 ASD patients; 26 were girls (16.9 %) and 128 (83.1 %) were boys. Of the patients with epilepsy, seizures were focal in 14 patients (9.1 %), generalized in 9 patients (5.8 %), and unspecified in 1 patient (0.6 %). Intellectual ability was found to be a significant predictor of epilepsy diagnosis. Mean (SD) total scores in the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire were 131.84 (10.68) among mothers of children with ASD-epilepsy and 148.33 (14.03) among mothers of children with ASD alone (P < .001). ConclusionMany psychiatric and medical conditions can co-occur with ASD. Determining the prognostic criteria for ASD is of great importance in coordinating lifelong autism rehabilitation. Improving autism-specific symptoms will benefit children with ASD as well as help mitigate parental anxiety.

Surgical Performance Is Not Negatively Impacted by Wearing a Commercial Full-Face Mask with Ad Hoc 3D-Printed Filter Connection as a Substitute for Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial.

(1) Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, shortages in the supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) have become apparent. The idea of using commonly available full-face diving (FFD) masks as a temporary solution was quickly spread across social media. However, it was unknown whether an FFD mask would considerably impair complex surgical tasks. Thus, we aimed to assess laparoscopic surgical performance while wearing an FFD mask as PPE. (2) Methods: In a randomized-controlled cross-over trial, 40 laparoscopically naive medical students performed laparoscopic procedures while wearing an FFD mask with ad hoc 3D-printed connections to heat and moisture exchange (HME) filters vs. wearing a common surgical face mask. The performance was evaluated using global and specific Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) checklists for suturing and cholecystectomy. (3) Results: For the laparoscopic cholecystectomy, both global OSATS scores and specific OSATS scores for the quality of procedure were similar (Group 1: 25 ± 4.3 and 45.7 ± 12.9, p = 0.485, vs. Group 2: 24.1 ± 3.7 and 43.3 ± 7.6, p = 0.485). For the laparoscopic suturing task, the FFD mask group needed similar times to the surgical mask group (3009 ± 1694 s vs. 2443 ± 949 s; p = 0.200). Some participants reported impaired verbal communication while wearing the FFD mask, as it muffled the sound of speech, as well as discomfort in breathing. (4) Conclusions: FFD masks do not affect the quality of laparoscopic surgical performance, despite being uncomfortable, and may therefore be used as a substitute for conventional PPE in times of shortage—i.e., the global COVID-19 pandemic.

Aphasia: Conversion/dissociation or organic etiology?

Aphasia: Conversion/dissociation or organic etiology?

Nomınal and Verbal Predıcate Use in Schızophrenıa

Objective. Schizophrenia’s first characteristics invokes the notion of disordered thought and language. Accordingly one of several diagnostic characteristics of schizophrenia is an impairment of verbal communication. To determine the detailed nature of language impairments taking into consideration these problems the aim of the present study was to analyze nominal and verbal predicate use produced by schizophrenic patients and control group during their speech as both predicates require different processings.&#x0D; Materials &amp; Methods. Fifty patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria were included into the study and compared to fifty healthy subjects matched for age, sex and education level with the patients participated in the study. The subjects’ speech was evaluated by using picture description test, picture story telling test, subject-based narration test and free verbal narration test. The data consisted of 8–10 minute recorded interviews. The recordings were transcribed based on Du Bois’ Discourse Transcription Symbols and analyzed statistically and linguistically.&#x0D; Results. The results showed that the number of nominal and verbal predicates used by the patients with schizophrenia differed from the control group. Schizophrenia patients preferred nominal predicates more than control group in all tests. However, control group used significantly more verbal predicates in all tests.&#x0D; Conclusions. In this study it was hypothesized that language used by the patients with schizophrenia plays a central role in the this disease than commonly supposed and the phenomena of schizophrenic language can be regarded as reflections of a more basic disturbance of thought. At the end of the study based on this hypothesis patients were concluded to have simplified speech in addition to the disorganized speech defined in the field. The reason for this simplification is thought to be because of the predicate processing in the brain. The complement of a verb is always a noun phrase, which can be simple or complex, the patients tended to use nominal predicates more as it did not require any constituents and thus they simlified their speech because of their language and thought disorders.

Early Diagnosis of Autism in the United Arab Emirates: Autism Knowledge and Attitudes Among Primary Healthcare Providers in Ras Al Khaimah

Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and stereotyped, repetitive behaviors. While the Autism prevalence in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is comparable to that observed in other countries, children in the UAE are being diagnosed later as their conditions are not being detected by the available pediatric healthcare oversight protocols or being reported by parents. Pediatricians and parents are at the best vantage point to spot the earliest warning signs of autism. If the disorder is detected in its infancy, early intervention programs can help ameliorate the symptoms significantly. This study provides insight into the important issues impacting autism’s early detection in the UAE, using the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah as a case study to better understand and mitigate local phenomena that might be delaying diagnosis, negatively impacting the future of autistic children and their families.

Neural responses in autism during movie watching: Inter-individual response variability co-varies with symptomatology

Naturalistic movie paradigms are exquisitely dynamic by nature, yet dedicated analytical methods typically remain static. Here, we deployed a dynamic inter-subject functional correlation (ISFC) analysis to study movie-driven functional brain changes in a population of male young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We took inspiration from the resting-state research field in generating a set of whole-brain ISFC states expressed by the analysed ASD and typically developing (TD) subjects along time.Change points of state expression often involved transitions between different scenes of the movie, resulting in the reorganisation of whole-brain ISFC patterns to recruit different functional networks. Both subject populations showed idiosyncratic state expression at dedicated time points, but only TD subjects were also characterised by episodes of homogeneous recruitment. The temporal fluctuations in both quantities, as well as in cross-population dissimilarity, were tied to contextual movie cues.The prominent idiosyncrasy seen in ASD subjects was linked to individual symptomatology by partial least squares analysis, as different temporal sequences of ISFC states were expressed by subjects suffering from social and verbal communication impairments, as opposed to nonverbal communication deficits and stereotypic behaviours. Furthermore, the temporal expression of several of these states was correlated with the movie context, the presence of faces on screen, or overall luminosity.Overall, our results support the use of dynamic analytical frameworks to fully exploit the information obtained by naturalistic stimulation paradigms. They also show that autism should be understood as a multi-faceted disorder, in which the functional brain alterations seen in a given subject will vary as a function of the extent and balance of expressed symptoms.

Improvement of autistic-like behaviors in adult rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid through early suppression of NMDA receptor function.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the fastest growing neurodevelopmental disorder, is characterized by social deficits, repetitive/stereotypic activity, and impaired verbal and nonverbal communication and is commonly diagnosed at early stages of life. Based on the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance theory of autism, some recent animal experiments have reported amelioration in autistic-like phenotypes in adult animals following acute treatment of NMDA antagonists. However, we suggested the neonatal period as a critical period for NMDA antagonist intervention. This experiment was designed to determine the role of postnatal MK-801, an NMDA receptor blocker, in the prenatal valproic acid (VPA) rat model of ASD. The model of autism was induced by subcutaneous administration of valproic acid (600mg/kg) to pregnant rats at gestational day 12.5. The effects of MK-801 (0.03mg/kg, from postnatal day 6-10) in correcting ASD-associated behaviors in male offspring were assessed by open-field, three-chambered social interaction tests. Moreover, the nociceptive threshold was measured by tail flick and hot plate. Behavioral tests were performed on PND 55-60. Nissl staining was performed to confirm the safety of 0.03mg/kg MK-801 for the brain. We reported that MK-801 rescued social deficits, repetitive behaviors (self-grooming), anxiety-related behavior, and the low nociceptive threshold in the VPA-treated rats. Further, histological examination showed that there were no significant differences among all the groups in terms of the neuronal survival rate. Our results showed that postnatal low-dose MK-801 improved ASD-associated behaviors in the VPA-treated rats and that early exposure to NMDA antagonist resulted in permanent changes in adult behavior.

Atypical Sound Perception in ASD Explained by Inter-Trial (In)consistency in EEG.

A relative indifference to the human voice is a characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Yet, studies of voice perception in ASD provided contradictory results: one study described an absence of preferential response to voices in ASD while another reported a larger activation to vocal sounds than environmental sounds, as seen in typically developed (TD) adults. In children with ASD, an absence of preferential response to vocal sounds was attributed to an atypical response to environmental sounds. To have a better understanding of these contradictions, we re-analyzed the data from sixteen children with ASD and sixteen age-matched TD children to evaluate both inter- and intra-subject variability. Intra-subject variability was estimated with a single-trial analysis of electroencephalographic data, through a measure of inter-trial consistency, which is the proportion of trials showing a positive activity in response to vocal and non-vocal sounds. Results demonstrate a larger inter-subject variability in response to non-vocal sounds, driven by a subset of children with ASD (7/16) who do not show the expected negative Tb peak in response to non-vocal sounds around 200 ms after the start of the stimulation due to a reduced inter-trial consistency. A logistic regression model with age and clinical parameters allowed demonstrating that not a single parameter discriminated the subgroups of ASD participants. Yet, the electrophysiologically-based groups differed on a linear combination of parameters. Children with ASD showing a reduced inter-trial consistency were younger and characterized by lower verbal developmental quotient and less attempt to communicate by voice. This data suggests that a lack of specialization for processing social signal may stem from an atypical processing of environmental sounds, linked to the development of general communication abilities. Discrepancy reported in the literature may arise from that heterogeneity and it may be inadequate to divide children with ASD based only on intellectual quotient or language abilities. This analysis could be a useful tool in providing complementary information for the functional diagnostic of ASD and evaluating verbal communication impairment.

Implementation of a hospital-wide multi-professional delirium-management

Delirium is a potentially lethal condition of altered mental status, attention, and level of consciousness with an acute onset and fluctuating course. Its causes are multi-factorial, and its pathophysiology is not well understood; therefore clinical focus has been on prevention strategies and early detection. One patient evaluation technique in routine use is the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM): a relatively simple test resulting in 'positive’, ‘negative’ or ‘unable-to-assess’ (UTA) ratings. Hartford Hospital nursing staff use the CAM regularly on all non-critical care units, and a high frequency of UTA was observed after reviewing several years of records. In addition, patients with UTA ratings displayed poor outcomes such as in-hospital mortality, longer lengths of stay, and discharge to acute and long term care facilities. We sought to better understand the use of UTA, especially outside of critical care environments, in order to improve delirium detection throughout the hospital. An unsupervised clustering approach was used with additional, concurrent assessment data available in the EHR to categorize patient visits with UTA CAMs. The results yielded insights into the most common situations in which the UTA rating was used (e.g. impaired verbal communication, dementia), suggesting potentially inappropriate ratings that could be refined with further evaluation and remedied with updated clinical training. Analysis of the patient clusters also suggested that unrecognized delirium may contribute to the poor outcomes associated with the use of UTA. This method of using temporally related high dimensional EHR data to illuminate a dynamic medical condition could have wider applicability.

Neurotransmitter and amino acid levels in Nigerian children with autism spectrum disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), often referred to as Autism, is a clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with core-defining features of impaired socialization, impaired verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour. The disorder is presently diagnosed behaviourally, however the search for possible biomarkers that could aid earlier diagnosis have been on the increase. The present study aims to investigate plasma amino acid levels as a potential biomarker in ASD screening. Plasma levels of 20 amino acids (AA) (including neurotransmitters-GABA and glutamate) of autistic individuals and typical age and sex matched control, were determined using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC). All statistical analyses (independent t-test, spearman correlation, cohen’s d effect size) were done using IBM SPSS version 20. A total of 31 plasma samples (18 Autism cases and 13 agesex matched controls) were analyzed with mean ages 8.44±4.87 for cases and 8.15±4.88 for controls. No significant intergroup difference was observed in the individual amino acid levels with the exception of glutamate (t = 5.472, df = 2.324, p = 0.000063), glutamine (t = 8.342, df = 14.780, p = 0.000001) , GABA (t = 6.601, df = 24.593, p = 0.000001), tryptophan (t = 3.568, df = 16.472, p = 0.002) and cysteine (t = 4.000, df = 13.762, p = 0.001).The amino acid profile and the glutamate - GABA levels can serve as biochemical markers for ASD, and can thus be utilized as screening for earlier diagnosis of the disorder. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Biomarkers, Neurotransmitters, GABA, Glutamate, Diagnosis

Gray matter abnormalities in language processing areas and their associations with verbal ability and positive symptoms in first-episode patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis.

Impaired verbal communication is a prominent feature in patients with schizophrenia. Verbal communication difficulties adversely affect psychosocial outcomes and worsen schizophrenia's clinical manifestation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate associations among gray matter (GM) volumes in language processing areas (LPAs), verbal ability, and positive symptoms in first-episode patients (FEPs) with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. We enrolled 94 FEPs and 52 healthy controls (HCs) and subjected them to structural magnetic resonance imaging. The GM volumes of the bilateral pars opercularis (POp), pars triangularis (PTr), planum temporale (PT), Heschl's gyrus (HG), insula, and fusiform gyrus (FG), were estimated and compared between the FEPs and HCs. Verbal intelligence levels and positive symptom severity were examined for correlations with the left LPA volumes. The GM volumes of the left POp, HG, and FG were significantly smaller in the FEPs than in the HCs, while the right regions showed no significant between-group difference. A multiple linear regression model revealed that larger left PT volume was associated with better verbal intelligence in FEPs. In exploratory correlation analysis, several LPAs showed significant correlations with the severity of positive symptoms in FEPs. The left FG volume had a strong inverse correlation with the severity of auditory verbal hallucinations, while the left PT volume was inversely associated with the severity of positive formal thought disorder and delusions. Moreover, the volume of the left insula was positively associated with the severity of bizarre behavior. The present study suggests that GM abnormalities in the LPAs, which can be detected during the early stage of illness, may underlie impaired verbal communication and positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis.

Autism, 75 years of history: From psychoanalysis to neurobiology

In this article we evaluated the lengthy seventy-five year history of Autism Spectrum Disorder beginning with the first diagnosis in 1943 and the first etiological orientations (psychodynamic factors) until today, in which the approach to behavioral problems has increasingly become neurobiological in nature. Abnormal relationships, verbal communication impairments and stereotyped behaviors, are no longer considered the cause of the problem, but rather the manifestation of this problem. Additionally, these factors must not be considered a “problem” and should be viewed as an “adaptation”. In other words, a way through which individuals with different anatomical and functional nervous system give “meanings” to their own bodies and the external world. Subjects with autism have a different connectome. Their neuronal network, under life experiences (learning), has undergone an abnormal selection. In modern words, talking about connectome, could mean direct our attention and studies on the body-brain relationship and chronic inflammation.

Augev Method and an Innovative Use of Vocal Spectroscopy in Evaluating and Monitoring the Rehabilitation Path of Subjects Showing Severe Communication Pathologies

A strongly connotative element of developmental disorders (DS) is the total or partial impairment of verbal communication and, more generally, of social interaction. The method of Vocal-verb self-management (Augev) is a systemic organicistic method able to intervene in problems regarding verbal, spoken and written language development successfully. This study intends to demonstrate that it is possible to objectify these progresses through a spectrographic examination of vocal signals, which detects voice phonetic-acoustic parameters. This survey allows an objective evaluation of how effective an educational-rehabilitation intervention is. This study was performed on a population of 40 subjects (34 males and 6 females) diagnosed with developmental disorders (DS), specifically with a diagnosis of the autism spectrum disorders according to the DSM-5. The 40 subjects were treated in “la Comunicazione” centers, whose headquarters are near Bari, Brindisi and Rome. The results demonstrate a statistical significance in a correlation among the observed variables: supervisory status, attention, general dynamic coordination, understanding and execution of orders, performing simple unshielded rhythmic beats, word rhythm, oral praxies, phono-articulatory praxies, pronunciation of vowels, execution of graphemes, visual perception, acoustic perception, proprioceptive sensitivity, selective attention, short-term memory, segmental coordination, performance of simple rhythmic beatings, word rhythm, voice setting, intonation of sounds within a fifth, vowel pronunciation, consonant pronunciation, graphematic decoding, syllabic decoding, pronunciation of caudate syllables, coding of final syllable consonant, lexical decoding, phoneme-grapheme conversion, homographic grapheme decoding, homogeneous grapheme decoding, graphic stroke.

Impaired Verbal Communication: diagnosis review in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

To review the contents of the nursing diagnosis of Impaired Verbal Communication in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. For the review of this diagnosis we used the integrative review. The 21 selected articles were submitted to a careful concept analysis for the definition of the diagnostic concept and review of its elements. It is recommended, in addition to a new definition for the diagnosis of Impaired Verbal Communication, the incorporation of twelve Risk Factors, the maintenance of three others and the relocation of a Defining Characteristic for Risk Factor. It is also recommended the incorporation of nine Defining Characteristics and the modification of the nomenclature of the other three that already make up the NANDA-I. The content review process subsidized a clarification of the chosen concept, contributing to a future refinement and improvement of the study diagnosis and its components present in NANDA-I.

Implementation of the stroke code registry in the emergency department of a regional hospital.

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease caused by a decrease or abrupt obstruction of blood flow to the brain. Nerve cells do not receive oxygen and there is a transient or permanent alteration of the function of a certain region of the brain. It causes high morbidity and mortality resulting in disabilities with a large economic cost to society. The Stroke Code was established at the Mollet Hospital in 2015. A protocol, action guideline and registry were created. The Mollet Hospital does not have a specialist unit so people who suffer thrombolysis and / or who require specific care are transferred to the referral centre. This registry is organized in several parts: demographic and clinical data, A-B-C-D assessment, procedures, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Rankin scale, and nursing diagnoses: Impaired verbal communication, Impaired physical mobility, Acute pain, Anxiety and Risk for aspiration. This paper aims to describe the implementation of the Stroke Code registry and the level of completion in the emergency department of the Mollet hospital, revealing care times and transfers to other centres; NIHSS and Ranking scales completion and the activation of nursing diagnoses. An analysis of the Stroke Code registry provides data about healthcare services and detects weak points to improve to establish new action plans, standardise and promote continuity of care and avoid possible errors.

Differential T Cell Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-II in Children With Autism.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairments in verbal and non-verbal communication, in social interactions, and often accompanied by stereotypical interests and behaviors. A role for immune dysfunction has long been implicated in ASD pathophysiology, behavioral severity, and co-morbidities. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) has been associated with ASD in some studies but little is known about its receptors. There are two receptors for TNFα, with TNFRI relaying many of the signals from TNFα, especially those that are rapid, whilst TNFRII relays later more long-term effects of TNFα. Proteolytic cleavage can lead to the soluble versions of these receptors which can neutralize the effects of TNFα. Here, we determined levels of TNFα and its receptors in 36 children with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD and 27 confirmed typically developing (TD) controls, 2–5 years-of-age. Children with ASD had higher levels of TNFRII on T cells compared to controls following cell stimulation. Levels of sTNFRII were decreased in cell supernatants following stimulation in ASD. Overall these data corroborate the role of inflammatory events in ASD and align with previous studies that have shown differential changes in cellular adaptive immunity in children with ASD. Future longitudinal analyzes of cellular immune function and downstream signaling from immune receptors will help further delineate the role of inflammation in ASD.