Analysis Of Verbal Behavior Research Articles

The current status of the experimental analysis of verbal behavior.

The current status of the experimental analysis of verbal behavior.

A Glossary of Behavior Analytic Terms for Speech-Language Pathologists' Considerations for Augmentative and Alternative Communication

At its core, productive collaboration between speech-language pathologists and behavior analysts requires effective communication between both parties. Successful communication can be gained in par...

Recollections of Jack Michael and the Application of Skinner's Analysis of Verbal Behavior.

Jack Michael offered a course on verbal behavior almost every year throughout his teaching career. Jack was also interested in the application of Skinner's work and in 1976 began to offer a graduate course at Western Michigan University titled Verbal Behavior Applications. Jack and his students pursued the application of Skinner's work on verbal behavior with dozens of empirical studies during the 1970s. In honor of the 60th anniversary of the publication of Skinner's book Verbal Behavior, the current paper presents some of my recollections of Jack's work on verbal behavior as his student, graduate teaching assistant, and research collaborator during that time period.

Kontrastive Untersuchung von Sprachhandlungsmustern

SummaryThe increased interest in the analysis of human verbal behavior leads to the need to define a basic unit of communication sphere, which could serve as the basis of its analysis. The first part of the article provides an overview of different speech units proposed by various authors, such as aspeech act(J. Austin and J. Searle),speech genre(M. M. Bachtin),speech action pattern(K. Ehlich and J. Rehbein). As a conclusion to the overview, the authors propose their own interpretation of the basic unit of communication, which they call “speech behavior pattern” (SBP). The illocutionary content and general organization of SBP can be considered universal, while its realization in a language is culturally conditioned and therefore may vary significantly in different language communities. Utterances constituting a certain SBP are organized as a field, which includes a prototypical center and a gradually formed periphery. The second part of the article considers the major factors and components of the contrastive analysis of SBP including: definition of illocutionary goal, identifying communicative-pragmatic factors and the implementation of major structural forms of SBP, contrastive description of the structure and hierarchy of communicative-pragmatic fields in the languages under analysis. Finally, the article reveals differences between the notions of equivalence and adequacy and describes possible relations between them in contrastive linguistics.

乳児との接触未経験学生のあやし行動 : 音声・行動分析学的研究

乳児との接触未経験学生のあやし行動 : 音声・行動分析学的研究

言語行動の実験的分析としての刺激等価性 : 成人を被験者とした般化と転移のパラダイム( 人間行動の実験的分析)

言語行動の実験的分析としての刺激等価性 : 成人を被験者とした般化と転移のパラダイム( 人間行動の実験的分析)

An annotated bibliography of verbal behavior articles published outside of The Analysis of Verbal Behavior: 2016.

An annotated bibliography is provided that summarizes journal articles on verbal behavior published outside of The Analysis of Verbal Behavior in 2016, the primary journal for scholarship in this area. Thirty-seven such articles were identified and annotated as a resource for practitioners, researchers, and educators.

An annotated bibliography of articles in the Journal of Speech and Language Pathology-Applied Behavior Analysis.

The open-source Journal of Speech and Language Pathology-Applied Behavior Analysis (JSLP-ABA) was published online from 2006 to 2010. We present an annotated bibliography of 80 articles published in the now-defunct journal with the aim of representing its scholarly content to readers of The Analysis of Verbal Behavior. We hope this effort will stimulate discussion, research, and treatment applications with respect to disorders of speech, language, hearing, swallowing, and voice and that collaborative efforts may be fostered between the two professions represented by JSLP-ABA: speech-language pathology and applied behavior analysis.

Automatic Detection of Verbal Deception

A growing field in computer applications is the use of algorithms to spot the lie. The most promising area within this field is the analysis of the language of the liar since speakers effectively control only the meaning they wish to convey, but not the linguistic style of the communication. With the advent of computational means to analyze language, we now have the ability to recognize differences in the way speakers phrase their lies as opposed to their truths. The main goal of this book is to cover the advances of the last 10 years in automatically discriminating truths from lies. To give the reader a grounding in deception studies, it describes a range of behaviors (physiological, gestural as well as verbal) that have been proposed as indicators of deception. An overview of the primary psychological and cognitive theories that have been offered as explanations of deceptive behaviors gives context for the description of specific behaviors. The book also addresses the differences between data collected in a laboratory and real-world data with respect to the emotional and cognitive state of the liar. It discusses sources of real-world data and problematic issues in its collection and identifies the primary areas in which applied studies based on real-world data are critical, including police, security, border crossing, customs, and asylum interviews; congressional hearings; financial reporting; legal depositions; human resource evaluation; predatory communications that include Internet scams, identity theft, fraud, and false product reviews. Having established the background, the book concentrates on computational analyses of deceptive verbal behavior, which have enabled the field of deception studies to move from individual cues to overall differences in behavior. The book concludes with a set of open questions that the computational work has generated.

Authorship Trends in The Analysis of Verbal Behavior: 1982-2016.

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior (TAVB) is the only journal focused on theoretical and empirical research in verbal behavior. An assessment of authorship trends can provide a critical perspective on practices in verbal behavior analysis (e.g., participation by non-US institutions, contributions by female authors). The present study examines authorship trends in all articles published in TAVB since its inception (between 1982 and 2016). All authors and their affiliations were listed and the first authors denoted as such. Authors were characterized as follows: prolificacy, new vs. frequent contributor status, number of co-authors, editor status, fellow status in a professional organization, and gender. Institutional affiliations were characterized as follows: academic vs. nonacademic institutions, prolificacy, and location (country). The review included 383 articles by 487 authors from 200 institutions. Our findings revealed areas in which TAVB is reaching maturity (e.g., author gender) and areas in which further action by contributors and editors is needed (e.g., international participation).

Parallels and Incongruities between Musical and Verbal Behaviors

The study of music in behavior analytic accounts constitutes a poorly addressed area of application due to conceptual incongruities in the field and a general lack of common ground between the disciplines of music and behavior analysis. This paper will examine the suitability of Skinner’s (1957) analysis of verbal behavior in describing various musical behaviors and propose clarifications of verbal behavior constructs to account for the conceptual similarities and differences between musical and verbal behaviors. The musical concepts of mimicry, relative pitch, and absolute pitch are also discussed from the perspective of a verbal behavior analysis. These are presented as examples of how presumably innate musical abilities remain subject to operant principles of behavior modification and how certain conventions of music may suggest novel functional relations that could expand the existing categorization of operants.

Ensino de operantes verbais em pessoas com transtorno do espectro autista no The Analysis of Verbal Behavior: revisão sistemática

O Autismo está relacionado com atraso no comportamento verbal e a Análise do Comportamento tem permitido o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para ensino da linguagem. Esta pesquisa objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre ensino de comportamento verbal com autistas no periódico TAVB. A pesquisa foi realizada desde 1982 até 2013, com a palavra-chave autism. Foram encontrados 136 artigos, sendo 39 selecionados e analisados quanto aos objetivos, repertório de entrada, estruturas de ensino, idade, ano de publicação e resultados. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos estudos ensinou mando e ecoico para indivíduos com idade entre três e seis anos, por tentativas discretas com o ensino de um único operante por sessão, sendo que a maioria dos participantes adquiriu o operante alvo. Observou-se escassez de pesquisas com crianças mais velhas, adolescentes e adultos, pessoas com autismo com ausência de repertórios verbais e estudos com instrução por exemplares múltiplos.

An Assessment of Three Procedures to Teach Echoic Responding.

The research literature has revealed mixed outcomes on various procedures for increasing vocalizations and echoic responding in persons with disabilities (Miguel, Carr, & Michael The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 18, 3-13, 2002; Stock, Schulze, & Mirenda The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 24, 123-133, 2008). We examined the efficacy of an assessment procedure for identifying the most effective echoic teaching procedure to six students diagnosed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental delays. The assessment procedure included a within-participant comparison of vocal imitation training (VIT), stimulus-stimulus pairing (SSP), and a mand-model procedure (MM). A functional analysis of the responses was conducted to determine whether responding was functionally an echoic or a mand. The results indicated that the assessment was effective in identifying a teaching procedure for five out of the six participants and that responding was established under echoic control. These outcomes support the efficacy of this assessment procedure for identifying effective echoic teaching procedures.

The Functional Independence of Skinner's Verbal Operants: Conceptual and Applied Implications

Much has been said about B. F. Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior. This commentary specifically focuses on the functional independence of B. F. Skinner's verbal operants. While researchers have long been interested in this topic, the research literature on this topic has produced mixed results; it has shown that the verbal operants may be both functionally independent and functionally interdependent. This commentary considers the conceptual and applied implications of these mixed findings. The distinction between constructs and events is highlighted, with specific attention to how this distinction relates to the consideration of the verbal operants in behavior analysis. The value of further research on the functional independence of the verbal operants is considered, as well as the type of research studies that might be useful toward developing interventions for individuals with language delays. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Common and Intraverbal Bidirectional Naming.

Naming has been defined as a generalized operant that combines speaker and listener behaviors within the individual. The purpose of this paper is to reintroduce the concept of naming and its subtypes, common and intraverbal, distinguish it from other terms such as the tact relation, and discuss the role of naming in the development of verbal behavior. Moreover, a taxonomical change is proposed. The addition of the qualifier bidirectional would serve to emphasize the speaker-listener bidirectional relation and serve to distinguish the technical term from its commonsense use. It is hoped that this paper will inspire future basic and applied research on an important extension of Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior.

언어행동(Verbal Behavior)개요: 원리, 연구동향과 적용

Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned behavior, and that the same basic principles of behavior that constitute the foundation of applied behavior analysis apply to verbal behavior. In this perspective, it can be true that humans acquire their ability to talk much in the same way that they learn nonverbal behaviors (reaching, grasping, crawling, etc.). This aspect can verify that the most significant socially significant aspects of human behavior involve verbal behavior. Language acquisition, social interaction, understanding, thinking, perception, and religion are all directly relevant to verbal behavior (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007, p. 527). Therefore, one of the most significant characteristics of children with developmental disabilities is language and communication challenges. Verbal behavior holds promise for explaining and addressing many language problems of children with developmental disabilities including autism. This study has the purpose to suggest scientific and rational interventions for all verbal operants based on functional analysis and multiple control of elementary verbal behavior in several functions of echoic, tact, mand, interverbal, receptive, etc. This study analyzed publication trends and future expectations on verbal behavior and finally made several implications and suggestions at the end of this study in terms of assessment, intervention, and verbal behavior for AAC users. For AAC users, this study provided several strategies to support their learning verbal behavior operants. People with severe speech or language problems rely on AAC to supplement existing speech or replace speech that is not functional. Special augmentative aids, such as picture and symbol communication boards and electronic devices can help children express themselves.

Function-Altering Effects of Rule Phrasing in the Modulation of Instructional Control.

This study evaluated the effects of four instructional variants on instruction following under changing reinforcement schedules using an operant task based on Hackenberg and Joker's Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 62, 367-383 (1994) experimental preparation. Sixteen college-aged adults served as participants and were randomly assigned to one of four instruction conditions (directive, generic, non-directive, and control). Results suggest textual verbal behavior modulated instruction following. Specifically, directive and generic instructions produced greater levels of instructional control and relatively lower levels of schedule control compared to non-directive instructions. Thus, participants in the directive and generic groups responded in accordance with the instructions even when schedules of reinforcement favored deviation from the instructed pattern. In contrast, participants in the non-directive group responded toward the optimal pattern. In the control condition, participant responding was variable but toward the optimal pattern. Findings are interpreted within the framework of Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior and formulation of rule governance.

Verbal behavior: What is really researched? An analysis of the papers published in TAVB over 30 years

ABSTRACTSkinner sensed that Verbal Behavior was his most important work and his conceptual framework gave birth to a healthy body of theoretical and empirical contributions, since the end of the 1960s, with an acceleration in the mid 1980s, probably due among other factors to a dedicated journal, The Analysis of Verbal Behavior (TAVB). Following recent analyses on the experimental literature on verbal operants and given the absence of previous analyses on the body of TAVB publications, a thorough examination of the papers published on TAVB was conducted, as a proxy to the field, to understand which parts of Skinner’s taxonomy of verbal operants generated experimental data and how empirical models may influence the way the field progresses. Strong trends in research with few elementary verbal operants emerged, posing some questions on the ease of experimental models and the biases that this work can generate in the field.

An Annotated Bibliography of Verbal Behavior Articles Published Outside of The Analysis of Verbal Behavior: 2015.

An annotated bibliography is provided that summarizes journal articles on verbal behavior published outside of The Analysis of Verbal Behavior in 2015, the primary journal for scholarship in this area. Thirty such articles were identified and annotated as a resource for practitioners, researchers, and educators.

Using a Verbal Analysis of Lady Gaga's Applause as a Classroom Exercise for Teaching Verbal Behavior.

Learning Skinner's (1957) verbal behavior taxonomy requires extensive study and practice. Thus, novel classroom exercises might serve this goal. The present manuscript describes a classroom exercise in which two students analyzed Lady Gaga's song Applause in terms of its metaphorical arrangements. Through the exercise, students identified various verbal operants and their subtypes, including those seldom researched by the behavioral community (see Sautter and LeBlanc 2006, The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 22, 35-48), which helped them conclude that Lady Gaga's Applause is comprised of two themes: the artist taking control, and the artist-as-art.