Experience Of Verbal Abuse Research Articles

A cross-sectional study of mental health, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among transgender women in Jiangsu province, China

ObjectivesTo measure prevalence and risk factors of poor mental health, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt among transgender women in Jiangsu province, China. MethodsWe surveyed 250 transgender women with mean age of 27.9 years from July 2018 to May 2019 in Jiangsu province, China. Logistic regression analysis characterized risk factors for mental health, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt. ResultsMany transgender women experienced discrimination, including verbal abuse (56.0%), physical abuse (32.0%), and sexual violence (32.0%) during their lifetime. Classification by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale found 32.4%% to be in good mental health, while 24.0%, 16.8%, and 26.8% had mild, moderate, and severe psychological distress respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, severe psychological distress was correlated with bisexual orientation (vs. gay/lesbian, aOR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.5-5.8), being unsure of sexual orientation (vs. gay/lesbian, aOR = 4.7, 95%CI = 1.8-12.8), experience of verbal abuse (aOR = 1.8, 95%CI = 1.1-3.1), and less severe with alcohol use (aOR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.3-0.9) (P< 0.05). Many transgender women also reported suicidal ideation (22.0%) and prior suicide attempt (25.6%). Compared to no suicidal ideation, moderate (aOR = 4.9, 95%CI = 1.6-15.2) or severe psychological distress (aOR = 38.6) were associated with prior suicide attempt (P< 0.05). Residing in Jiangsu province (vs. not residing in Jiangsu, aOR = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.1-0.6) and higher income (vs. lower income, aOR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.4-0.9) were protective factors for suicide attempt (P< 0.05). ConclusionChinese transgender women experience high levels of discrimination, abuse, poor mental health, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in Jiangsu province. Society-wide interventions need to be developed to mitigate transphobic discrimination among transgender women in China.

Workplace verbal abuse, nurse-reported quality of care and patient safety outcomes among early-career hospital nurses.

To examine the differences in early-career nurses' verbal abuse experiences based on their sociodemographic characteristics, and to investigate the associations of verbal abuse experiences with nurse-reported care quality and patient safety outcomes. Few studies have examined the relationships between early-career nurses' verbal abuse experiences and nurse-reported patient care quality and safety outcomes. Cross-sectional survey data from 799 early-career hospital nurses in the United States were analysed. Items assessed verbal abuse experiences from patients or their families, physicians and other employees. Associations between verbal abuse experiences and nurse-reported care quality and patient safety outcomes were examined using multiple logistic regression analyses. There were significant differences in verbal abuse experiences by age, gender and work unit. Nurses who experienced verbal abuse, regardless of the perpetrator, were less likely to report high-quality care and a favourable safety grade. Nurses who experienced verbal abuse specifically from physicians or other employees were also less likely to feel comfortable reporting safety problems. Managing verbal abuse may be important for improving patient care quality and safety. Future intervention study is needed to reduce verbal abuse. To optimize patient safety, managers should thoroughly monitor verbal abuse and organisations' need to establish clear expectations and ramifications for when verbal abuse occurs.

Effect of an education program, risk assessment checklist and prevention protocol on violence against emergency department nurses: A single center before and after study

AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an education program, risk assessment checklist and preventive protocol on violence against emergency department nurses. MethodsThe design was a quasi-experimental before and after study of a group. A hospital emergency department’s nurses participated in a workshop in which they were taught a method of using a risk assessment checklist and preventive protocol. The intervention lasted six weeks. The mean score and type of violence was measured before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS. ResultsThe mean score of violence before the intervention was 8.4 and after the intervention it was 2.7, which was statistically a significant difference (p < 0.0001). In addition, there were significant differences in the mean frequency of verbal abuse (p < 0.0001), assessment of workplace security (p = 0.006), fear of injury (p < 0.02) and type of reaction to violence (p < 0.01) before and after the intervention among the nurses. ConclusionsUsing the BVC risk assessment checklist and preventive protocol can reduce the experience of violence and verbal abuse, which is the most common form of violence for emergency department nurses. Using this checklist and preventive protocol when patients arrive in emergency departments is recommended.

Effect of the Professional Quality of Life on Verbal Abuse Experience among Emergency Nurses: Mediating Effect of Job Stress

Effect of the Professional Quality of Life on Verbal Abuse Experience among Emergency Nurses: Mediating Effect of Job Stress

Social marginalization, gender-based violence, and binge drinking among transgender women in Cambodia

BackgroundTransgender women experience disproportionate social stigma that may lead to behavioral risks and poor psychological wellbeing. This study examines social and behavioral factors associated with binge drinking among transgender women in Cambodia. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2016 among 1039 transgender women recruited from 13 provinces using the Respondent Driven Sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used for face-to-face interviews. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors associated with binge drinking. ResultsThe prevalence of binge drinking was 43.3 %. After adjustment, the odds of binge drinking were significantly higher among participants in the age group of 25–34 compared to those in the age group of 18–24 and lower among participants in job categories such as hairdresser or beautician, office workers, and self-employed compared to those who were unemployed. The odds of binge drinking were significantly higher in participants who dropped out of school and thought it was because of their transgender identity, had transactional sex in the past three months, used amphetamine-type stimulants in the past three months, and reported experience of verbal abuse by family members during childhood. Regarding mental health, the odds of binge drinking were significantly lower among participants who had depressive symptoms over the past week. ConclusionsThese findings highlight the intersections between social marginalization, gender-based violence, HIV risks, and alcohol abuse. We recommend further exploration of the structural factors that may be modifiable through workplace policies or occupational health interventions among transgender women.

Examining the relationships between parent experiences and youth self-reports of slapping/spanking: a population-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundSlapping/spanking is related to a number of poor health outcomes. Understanding what factors are related to the increased or decreased use of spanking/slapping is necessary to inform prevention. This study used a population-based sample to determine the prevalence of slapping/spanking reported by youth; the relationship between sociodemographic factors and slapping/spanking; and the extent to which parental exposures to victimization and maltreatment in childhood and current parental mental health, substance use and family circumstances, are associated with youth reports of slapping/spanking.MethodsData were from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study, a provincially representative sample of households with children and youth aged 4–17 years. Self-reported lifetime slapping/spanking prevalence was determined using a sub-sample of youth aged 14–17 years (n = 1883). Parents/primary caregivers (i.e., person most knowledgeable (PMK) of the youth) self-reported their own childhood experiences including bullying victimization, slapping/spanking and child maltreatment, and current mental health, substance use and family circumstances including mental health functioning and emotional well-being, alcohol use, smoking, marital conflict and family functioning. Analyses were conducted in 2018.ResultsLiving in urban compared to rural residence and family poverty were associated with decreased odds of slapping/spanking. PMK childhood experiences of physical and verbal bullying victimization, spanking, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exposure to physical intimate partner violence were associated with increased odds of youth reported slapping/spanking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] ranged from 1.33–1.77). PMK experiences of physical abuse and exposure to emotional/verbal intimate partner violence in childhood was associated with decreased odds of youth reported slapping/spanking (AOR = 0.72 and 0.88, respectively). PMK’s higher levels of marital conflict, languishing to moderate mental health functioning and emotional well-being, and moderate or greater alcohol use were associated with increased odds of youth reported slapping/spanking (AOR ranged from 1.36–1.61).ConclusionsIt may be important to consider parent/primary caregiver’s childhood experiences with victimization and maltreatment along with their current parental mental health, substance use and family circumstances when developing and testing strategies to prevent slapping/spanking.

A longitudinal study of associations between HIV-related stigma, recent violence and depression among women living with HIV in a Canadian cohort study.

IntroductionWomen living with HIV (WLHIV) experience stigma and elevated exposure to violence in comparison with HIV‐negative women. We examined the mediating role of experiencing recent violence in the relationship between stigma and depression among WLHIV in Canada.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study with WLHIV in three Canadian provinces. Recent violence was assessed through self‐reported experiences of control, physical, sexual or verbal abuse in the past three months. At Time 1 (2013‐2015) three forms of stigma were assessed (HIV‐related, racial, gender) and at Time 2 (2015‐2017) only HIV‐related stigma was assessed. We conducted structural equation modelling (SEM) using the maximum likelihood estimation method with Time 1 data to identify direct and indirect effects of gender discrimination, racial discrimination and HIV‐related stigma on depression via recent violence. We then conducted mixed effects regression and SEM using Time 1 and Time 2 data to examine associations between HIV‐related stigma, recent violence and depression.ResultsAt Time 1 (n = 1296), the direct path from HIV‐related stigma (direct effect: β = 0.200, p < 0.001; indirect effect: β = 0.014, p < 0.05) to depression was significant; recent violence accounted for 6.5% of the total effect. Gender discrimination had a significant direct and indirect effect on depression (direct effect: β = 0.167, p < 0.001; indirect effect: β = 0.050, p < 0.001); recent violence explained 23.15% of the total effect. Including Time 1 and Time 2 data (n = 1161), mixed‐effects regression results indicate a positive relationship over time between HIV‐related stigma and depression (Acoef: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.06, p < 0.001), and recent violence and depression (Acoef: 1.95, 95% CI: 0.29, 4.42, p < 0.05), controlling for socio‐demographics. There was a significant interaction between HIV‐related stigma and recent violence with depression (Acoef: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07, p < 0.05). SEM analyses reveal that HIV‐related stigma had a significant direct and indirect effect on depression over time (direct effect: β = 0.178, p < 0.001; indirect effect: β = 0.040, p < 0.001); recent violence experiences accounted for 51% of the total effect.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that HIV‐related stigma is associated with increased experiences of recent violence, and both stigma and violence are associated with increased depression among WLHIV in Canada. There is an urgent need for trauma‐informed stigma interventions to address stigma, discrimination and violence.

Home care aides’ experiences of verbal abuse: a survey of characteristics and risk factors

ObjectiveViolence from care recipients and family members, including both verbal and physical abuse, is a serious occupational hazard for healthcare and social assistance workers. Most workplace violence studies in this...

Relationships among demands at work, aggression, and verbal abuse among registered nurses in South Korea

BackgroundIn order to improve organizational culture and job outcomes, it is important to characterize and better understand the relationship between aggression and verbal abuse among nurses. PurposeTo examine the relationships among demands at work, aggression, and verbal abuse among nurses. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using survey data from three tertiary hospitals located in South Korea. Sixteen nursing units were selected and 378 nurses’ data were used as the final sample. The relationships were examined by multiple linear or logistic regression analyses. FindingsMore than 70% of the nurses had experienced at least 1 type of verbal abuse. Higher physical aggression and hostility were significantly related to greater verbal abuse experience. ConclusionTo prevent the vicious cycle of victims becoming perpetrators, it is necessary to develop and implement concrete strategies to manage verbal abuse and aggression among nurse colleagues.

The Associations of Emotion Coping Appraisal With Both the Cue-Outcome Contingency and Perceived Verbal Abuse Exposure.

Previous studies have reported an association between verbal abuse in early childhood and structural and functional alterations in the young adult brain, supporting the existence of critical periods in human brain development. In addition, exposure to verbal abuse in early childhood is strongly correlated with lifetime psychiatric illness. Resilience is defined as the ability to avoid the negative psychological, biological, and social consequences of stress that impair psychological and physical homeostasis and is used to cope with these psychiatric diseases. We attempted to explain the mediatable present function of resilience and its associations with several psychiatric disorders, with verbal abuse exposure in early childhood and with the present value of the readily measurable and conceptually connected generative Bayesian model parameter. Thirty-six subjects performed a cross-modal associative learning task requiring them to learn the predictive strength of auditory cues and predict a subsequent visual stimulus. The probability of the association changed across each trial block. Subjects’ responses were modeled as a hierarchical Bayesian belief-updating process using a hierarchical Gaussian filter (HGF) with three levels, a Sutton K1 model, and a Rescorla–Wagner model. Subjects completed the Korean version of the Verbal Abuse Questionnaire (VAQ) for segmented periods (aged 0 to 6, 7 to 12, and 13 to 18 years), and their positive self-appraisal was estimated using the Resilience Appraisal Scale (RAS). Random-effects Bayesian model selection identified HGF as the best model. Of the VAQ values for specific periods, only preschool VAQ scores were negatively correlated with RAS scores. The tonic volatility parameter, ω2, of HGF showed a negative relationship with RAS emotion coping scores. The linear regression model explained 18.3% of the variance of emotion coping appraisal with ω2 and preschool VAQ scores. Based on the results obtained from young adults, decrease in emotion coping appraisal can be explained by an increase in the number of experiences of verbal abuse in early childhood and the increased tendency to update beliefs about the cue–outcome associative probability in a volatile environment.

Parents' Own Experience of Verbal Abuse Is Associated with their Acceptance of Abuse towards Children from Youth Sports Coaches.

Verbal or physical abuse from coaches has negative effects on young athletes, and the parents of athletes also have an influence on the sports environment. It is therefore important to understand parents' attitudes towards abuse against their children from the coaches. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of parents who accept the infliction of verbal or physical abuse on their children from coaches of youth sports teams. A cross-sectional study using self-report questionnaires was conducted with parents of young athletes (n = 6,493). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the factors associated with parents' acceptability of verbal or physical abuse against their children. The proportion of parents who were accepting of verbal or physical abuse was 21.5%. Acceptability of verbal or physical abuse was significantly associated with male (odds ratio: 1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.43-1.95), younger age (1.24, 1.09-1.41), lower educational attainment (1.32, 1.17-1.50), smoking habits (1.42, 1.23-1.63), experience of playing on a team with high levels of competition during their junior or high school days (1.31, 1.15-1.50), and experience of verbal and physical abuse by their own former coaches (3.59, 3.03-4.26 and 1.17, 1.02-1.35). About 58% and 28% of parents had experienced verbal and physical abuse from their own former coaches, and parents who had experienced verbal abuse themselves were most likely to be accepting of verbal or physical abuse towards their children. Educating parents is considered to be important for preventing and eradicating abuse against young athletes.

Verbal Abuse from Coaches Is Associated with Loss of Motivation for the Present Sport in Young Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Miyagi Prefecture.

Verbal and physical abuse from coaches has negative effects on young athletes. Although the abuse can lead to the athletes' dropping out, no studies have reported on this topic. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the association between experience of verbal or physical abuse from coaches and loss of motivation for the present sport in young athletes. School-aged athletes (age range, 6-15 years, n = 6,791) were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between experience of verbal or physical abuse and loss of motivation for the present sport. Variables considered in the models were sex, age, body mass index, presence of bodily pain, team levels, number of training days per week, number of training hours per day on weekdays and weekends, and frequency of participation in games. The prevalence of loss of motivation for the present sport was 8.1%. Experience of verbal or physical abuse was significantly associated with loss of motivation for the present sport and the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.93 (1.54-2.42, p < 0.001) for verbal abuse and 1.76 (1.27-2.42, p = 0.001) for physical abuse. Findings of this study suggest that experience of verbal or physical abuse from coaches is associated with loss of motivation for the present sport. Eradication of verbal and physical abuse from coaches is important for young athletes to continue sport participation.

The association between workplace violence and physicians' and nurses' job satisfaction in Macau.

BackgroundThis paper describes the association between workplace violence and job satisfaction among physicians and nurses in Macau. Convenience sampling was sourced from six health centers under the Macau Health Bureau.MethodsThis study uses a cross-sectional self-administrative survey. The study used case studies research instruments for workplace violence in the health sector by country (from the ILO, ICN, WHO, PSI), the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale. The data collection period spanned from August to December, 2014.Data analysisMultiple logistic regression examines levels of intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction in physicians and nurses and significant correlates affecting their job satisfaction.ResultsA total of 720 (14.9% physicians) participants were recruited. 57.2% of participants reported physical and psychological workplace violence in the preceding year. The most common forms of workplace violence were verbal abuse (53.4%), physical assault (16.1%), bullying / harassment (14.2%), sexual harassment (4.6%) and racial harassment (2.6%). Nurses were at a significantly higher risk of physical assault and verbal abuse compared to physicians. Patients, patients’ relatives, and colleagues were the main perpetrators. Worry about WPV, on-call duty and shift work, experience of bullying and verbal abuse and employment sector emerged as significant correlates affecting the intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction of physicians and nurses. Frontline staff, aged 30 and 39, coming from an ethnic minority, and perceived stress were significant correlates affecting nurses’ job satisfaction.ConclusionsWPV remains a significant concern in healthcare settings in Macau. Stakeholders should legally enforce a zero-tolerance policy towards WPV within healthcare workplaces. WPV is detrimental to healthcare professionals’ mental wellbeing, risking irreversible physical and psychological harm for its victims.

The characteristics of coaches that verbally and physically abuse young baseball players using a self-reported questionnaire

BackgroundBecause the relationship between coaches and athletes is unequal, verbal and physical abuse remains a common problem among sports coaches. We aimed to elucidate the characteristics of baseball coaches who verbally/physically abuse young baseball players. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on youth sports team coaches in Miyagi prefecture, Japan (n = 380), using a self-reported questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for the analyses, evaluating the following variables: sex, age, educational level, smoking habits, years of coaching, level of baseball-playing experience, personal experience with verbal/physical abuse by former coaches, satisfaction with athletes’ attitudes, number of athletes on the team, team competition level, awareness of the recommendations of the Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine, limitations in the total pitch count, difficulty in coaching in other positions, number of games per year, and acceptance of former verbal/physical abuse. ResultsThe prevalence of verbal/physical abuse toward young athletes was 74.5% (n = 283) and 6.6% (n = 25), respectively. Verbal abuse was significantly associated with personal experience of verbal abuse by former coaches (odds ratio [OR]: 2.00, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.04–3.85), and acceptance of verbal/physical abuse (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.34–5.10). Physical abuse was significantly associated with greater than 10 years of coaching experience (OR: 7.16, 95% CI: 1.36–37.78), personal experience with physical abuse by former coaches (OR: 4.25, 95% CI: 1.23–14.70), and acceptance of verbal/physical abuse (OR: 3.85, 95% CI: 1.51–9.84). ConclusionsCoaches’ experiences with verbal/physical abuse by former coaches negatively affected young athletes. Breaking this cycle is necessary to keep athletes active and interested in playing baseball. Level of evidenceLevel III.

Abuse and depression among Filipino foreign domestic helpers. A cross-sectional survey in Hong Kong.

The objectives of this study are to (1) explore physical and verbal abuse experience, perpetrators of abuse and abuse reporting behaviours of Filipino foreign domestic helpers in Hong Kong and (2) examine associations between their abuse experience and depression level. A cross-sectional survey METHODS: We purposively sampled participants at the Statue Square of Hong Kong on three Sunday afternoons between June and August 2017. Using a self-administered questionnaire, measures include sociodemographic and housing environment variables, physical and verbal abuse experience and depression level measured using the Depression Subscale of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21-D). Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with the DASS-21-D score. The response rate was 86.1% and 105 participants completed the questionnaire. Overall, 20.5% and 34.4% had experienced physical and verbal abuse, respectively, in the past 12 months. Majority of perpetrators were female employers and children. Meanwhile, 16.7% of the abuse victims did not report their cases. Among those who reported, only a few (19.4%) reported their cases to formal organizations (agency and police). Factors significantly associated with the DASS-21-D score include physical abuse (unstandardized beta coefficient [B]=1.68, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=0.12-3.34), verbal abuse (B=1.58, 95% CI=0.16-3.00), non-disclosure of physical abuse experience (B=5.68, 95% CI=0.18-11.18) and living space satisfaction (B=-1.50, 95% CI=-2.12 to -0.88). Physical and verbal abuse among foreign domestic workers in Hong Kong were underreported to formal organizations and were associated with depression. Legislative enforcement of a comprehensive abuse reporting mechanism and mental health service should be considered.

중소병원 간호사의 언어폭력 경험 및 소진이 이직의도에 미치는 영향

중소병원 간호사의 언어폭력 경험 및 소진이 이직의도에 미치는 영향

Impact and Prevalence of Physical and Verbal Violence Toward Healthcare Workers

Threatening and assaultive behaviors against healthcare workers are a growing national concern.1,2,3 OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and impact of aggression against healthcare workers, a safety and quality improvement project was initiated in an academic, tertiary care, urban hospital. Through the Northwestern Academy of Quality and Safety Initiatives program, an invitation to complete an online survey was sent to healthcare workers. The survey inquired about prevalence, location, and type of experience of physical or verbal abuse by patients or families. Other goals were: 1) worker knowledge and use of reporting systems, 2) effect on healthcare worker engagement, and 3) report of posttraumatic symptoms. 34.4% of healthcare workers reported any incident of verbal or physical violence in the preceeding 12 months, with 13.5% reporting physical assault. Of those with any incident of physical or verbal violence, 60.2% endorsed at least one posttraumatic symptom, 9.4% missed work, and 30.1% had thoughts about leaving their job or career. The reported impact was the same for physical or verbal incidents. Physical and verbal abuse of healthcare workers is prevalent and has a significant impact on employee engagement and posttraumatic spectrum symptoms. These results are based on a cross-sectional survey at one institution and may have a significant selection and response bias. Assessment of both verbal and physical aggression against healthcare workers should be standard. Front-line consulting psychiatrists and psychiatric programs for employee wellness could assess and manage this impact.

Predictors of nurses' experience of verbal abuse by nurse colleagues

BackgroundBetween 45% and 94% of registered nurses (RNs) experience verbal abuse, which is associated with physical and psychological harm. Although several studies examined predictors of RNs' verbal abuse, none examined predictors of RNs' experiences of verbal abuse by RN colleagues. PurposeTo examine individual, workplace, dispositional, contextual, and interpersonal predictors of RNs' reported experiences of verbal abuse from RN colleagues. MethodsIn this secondary analysis, a cross-sectional design with multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effect of 23 predictors on verbal abuse by RN colleagues in a sample of 1,208 early career RNs. FindingSelected variables in the empirical intragroup conflict model explained 23.8% of variance in RNs' experiences of verbal abuse by RN colleagues. ConclusionA number of previously unstudied factors were identified that organizational leaders can monitor and develop or modify policies to prevent early career RNs' experiences of verbal abuse by RN colleagues.

Hippocampal Subfields Volume Reduction in High Schoolers with Previous Verbal Abuse Experiences.

ObjectiveReduced hippocampal volume and alterations in white matter tracts have been frequently reported in adults having the history of emotional maltreatment. We investigated whether these structural change occur in adolescents with previous verbal abuse (VA) experiences.MethodsHippocampal subfield volume and white matter structural connectivity measures were assessed in 31 first year male high school students with various degrees of exposure to parental and peer VA.ResultsThe high VA group showed significant volume reduction in the left cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and left subiculum compared to the low VA group (p<0.05). Volumes of left hippocampal subfields CA1 and subiculum were negatively correlated with previous VA experiences (p<0.05). Increased mean diffusivity (MD) of the splenium of the corpus callosum was related to high VA score across all subjects (p<0.05). There was an inverse relationship between volume of the CA1 and subiculum and MD of the splenium (p<0.05).ConclusionExposure to parental and peer VA may affect development of the left hippocampal subfields and the splenium of corpus callosum. These structural alterations can be discernible during adolescence.

골프장 캐디의 언어폭력 경험과 감정노동, 직무만족 및 고객지향성의 구조적 관계

골프장 캐디의 언어폭력 경험과 감정노동, 직무만족 및 고객지향성의 구조적 관계