Transitive Verbs Research Articles

Understanding the Different Functions of Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs and Related Problems from the Teachers’ Point of View

The process of acquiring grammar requires distinguishing between parts of the sentence, including the verb and the subject, as well as the ability to form the verb and distinguish the best verb forms. This study aims to understand the different functions of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs and the problems related to them. The quantitative descriptive approach was used in this study by using a questionnaire (questionnaire) designed by the researcher to evaluate teachers’ perceptions towards the different functions of transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, and related problems. This study concluded that the main function of transitive and intransitive verbs is to develop the communication process level by guaranteeing delivering the exact correct meaning of sentences. The study also clarified that several difficulties could be faced when distinguishing transitive and intransitive verbs, such as creating incomplete and dysfunctional sentences, making grammatical errors, and generating mistakes in the employment and formulation of these verb types.

ENGLISH PHRASAL VERBS USED IN THE ALBUM “JUSTICE” BY JUSTIN BIEBER

The objective of this research was to find out the types and the meaning of phrasal verb in the album “Justice” by Justin Bieber. The researcher used qualitative method as metodology and descriptive qualitative as approach. In analyzing the data, the researcher used theory of Miles et al, therewere data condensation, data display, drawing and verifying conclusion. The source of the data was taken from the album “Justice” by Justin Bieber. Based on the results, there are two types of phrasal verbs that the researcher found, namely: transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs. Transitive phrasal verbs divided into two types are: Separable and Inseparable. There were 38 data of phrasal verbs, the most common phrasal verb were inseparable 22, separable 6, and intransitive 10. And also the researcher found the meaning semantically from phrasal verbs that contain in the album “Justice” by Justin Bieber. Based on the results of the analysis conducted by the researcher, the researcher concluded that there were a lot of phrasal verbs that contain the song lyrics of the album “Justice” by Justin Bieber and the use of phrasal verb in the album “Justice” by Justin Bieber is added the knowledge about the vocabulary of the phrasal verbs.

Pluralizers through time in the Basque dialect of Labourd

Abstract This article discusses the innovations that have arisen during the last several centuries in three pluralizing morphemes in the Basque dialect of Labourd (continental Basque Country). First, I will present the characteristics of Basque auxiliary and synthetic verbs so that we may better understand the three developments that I will then address and analyze: 1) a pluralizer used with transitive verbs that has moved to present tense intransitive verbs by analogy with its occurrence in past tense forms, driven by phonetic similarity; 2) a pluralizer that shows a complex development in its grammar, time and geography, and that we find in the continental Basque Country, but also in the peninsular Basque Country; and 3) a pluralizer that arose in verbs with dative and that came to be used in the transitive verb without dative jakin ‘to know’ only in Labourd.

Possession and syntactic categories: An argument from Äiwoo

AbstractThis paper argues that possession is syntactically category-flexible. While it is clear that in many languages possession is mostly grounded in and operates in the nominal extended projection (Szabolcsi 1983; Kayne 1993), I show that this cannot be universal. The empirical part of this article is a case study of Äiwoo, which I argue has an inherently verbal counterpart of English ’s, an abstract transitive verb I label poss. This verb can be used by itself to form clausal possession: ‘I poss this boat’ ≈ ‘this boat is mine.’ Possessed DPs also contain the verb poss: the object of this verb is extracted, forming a relative clause. Informally, ‘my boat’ really is ‘the boati"Equation missing"’ ≈ ‘the boat that is mine.’ Given this, Äiwoo simply lacks true nominal possessives. The theoretical consequence is that possession can be mapped onto different syntactic categories in different languages. This is a welcome result, as it makes the syntax-semantics mapping as flexible as it needs to be: if possession is just a tool to assert that a certain relation holds between two entities, nothing in our theory of grammar predicts that such a notion should only be limited to a specific syntactic category.

ABOUT THE WORKS "KOFIYA" AND "SHARHI MULLO"

The article also emphasizes that Jami comes with verbal prepositions, the scientist fully explains the form of verbal prepositions, places of their application, the meanings of prepositions that require one form or another. This scientific article analyzes the following issues: In the work "Al-Favoidu-z-Ziyoiyya" by Abdurahman Jami, known as "Sharhi Mullo", the main feature of the verb is that it belongs to one of the three tenses, expressing an independent meaning. In particular, Abdurahman Jami's chapter on "verbs" includes past and present forms, imperative forms, transitive and intransitive verbs, passive pronouns, a number of meaningful verbs expressing suspicion and (reliable) knowledge (or thinking and calculation), auxiliary verbs, verbs actions expressing closeness, verbs expressing admiration, verbs of praise and insults. It is widely noted that the scholar does not limit himself to providing general information about these verbs, but clearly and accurately interprets the functions and meanings of each verb in this category, expresses their relationship and classifies them separately. The article is devoted to the unique style of Abdurahman Jami, especially his desire for originality. For example, a scientist thinks deeply, clearly expressing the essence, structure, (etymology) of words, grammatical rules. As a result of the study, the article emphasizes that no other complete works of classical Arabic linguistics have been found, which indicates the high scientific significance of the work "Al-Fawaidu-z-Ziyoyya". The results of the study will serve as a resource for those interested in classical Arabic.

The controller-first constraint beyond the Basic Variety: how do instructed learner varieties solve contexts of competition?

Abstract The Basic Variety has been described as a fully fledged system that is developed in second-language acquisition. It is guided by a small number of interacting phrasal, semantic, and pragmatic constraints. This article is devoted to the semantic controller-first constraint, which says that “the NP-referent with highest control comes first” in discourse contexts where this constraint comes into conflict. The Basic Variety, as described by Klein and Perdue, relates to migrant learners that were exposed to target languages in naturalistic contexts and situations outside the classroom. Our study also deals with learners living in the target language’s country at the time of the data collection, but our learners were benefiting from foreign language teaching at university. The goal of this study is twofold. The first part of the article discusses the origins of the key notion of ‘controller’ and introduces related theoretical underpinnings, such as argument hierarchies of transitive verbs and crucial factors determining argument realization. Our analysis shows that the controller-first constraint overlaps with two key concepts of the description of L1 functional grammars – i.e., control asymmetry and the Actor-Undergoer Hierarchy – suggesting that it does not only pertain to the Basic Variety but broadly speaking to the human language capacity. The second part of this study presents some preliminary results on the L2 grammars of Spanish-speaking learners of French in a context of ‘competition’. Our results show the pervasiveness of the controller-first constraint on L2 grammars beyond initial, non-instructed learner varieties, suggesting that this semantic principle is not totally independent of (a) the specifics of the source language and (b) the target constructions of the foreign language classroom.

Voice, impersonal construction, and zero lexeme: formalization of crucial notions

Abstract The paper considers a relatively rare verbal syntactic construction found in East Sakhalin Ainu and in Lingala: an active form of a transitive verb governs simultaneously a direct object and an agentive complement, has no overt syntactic subject and is in the 3rd person plural. In order to characterize this verb form, three sets of formal linguistic notions are introduced and described: voice (with a calculus of logically possible voice grammemes), impersonal construction, and zero lexeme; many illustrations come from Lingala and Kinyarwanda, as well as several other languages. The verb forms under analysis are shown to be the partial demotional passive.

Does Parkinson's disease affect verb production in picture descriptions?

Research on Parkinson's disease (PD) has documented significant deficits in verb production, with more robust results in single word retrieval tasks than in connected speech, yet the underlying causes of these deficits are disputable, especially concerning connected speech production. We analyzed picture descriptions provided by 48 individuals with PD and 48 age-matched healthy controls, and examined the percent of nouns and verbs of all words, the number of described events, verbs denoting activity, verbs in active morpho-syntactic patterns, and transitive verbs. Individuals with PD produced a lower percent of verbs than did control participants, but the groups differed in no other variable. Scores on a cognitive screening task associated with the percent of verbs and the number of events. We suggest that verb retrieval in connected speech in PD reflects no specific difficulty with action semantics, but rather the spread of PD pathology into more diffuse verb-specific neural networks.

Tu sijè magnète. Hesse ha ite: some morphosyntactic characteristics of the verb in Ortonese compared with Italian

Introduction: The verb is one of the most complex grammatical categories, especially when the language in question is not official. This is the case with Ortonese, an Adriatic variant of Abruzzese spoken in Ortona (CH). The aim of this article is to provide a preliminary detailed analysis of the verb in Ortonese, starting with a morphosyntactic description compared to Italian. Methodology: The analysis begins by dividing Ortonese verbs into four main conjugations. Several relevant linguistic phenomena are examined, such as the transitivization of intransitive verbs, the presence of the prepositional accusative in verbs like "sendì" (to hear), which is absent in Italian, and the transformation of transitive and intransitive verbs into reflexive forms. Additionally, differences between "esse" (to be) and "sctè" (to stay), and between "avè" (to have) and "tenè" (to hold) are analyzed. Results: The core of the research is the analysis of all the tenses of the indicative mood in modern Ortonese. Simple tenses, such as the present and future, as well as compound tenses, like the future perfect, the present perfect, and the past perfect, are examined. The study also includes some irregular verbs and pays particular attention to the complexity of auxiliary selection, which in Ortonese, unlike Italian, depends not on the type of verb but on the subject's person. Discussion: The Ortonese verbal system exhibits a number of unique characteristics compared to standard Italian, particularly in terms of auxiliary selection and the formation of reflexive verbs. Some phenomena, such as the prepositional accusative and the distinction between "esse" and "sctè", reflect a structural complexity that warrants further investigation and highlights the linguistic richness of Abruzzese dialects. Conclusions: This study represents a first step towards a deeper understanding of the Ortonese verbal system. The morphosyntactic analysis compared to Italian reveals linguistic peculiarities that distinguish Ortonese as a dialectal variety of great interest to linguistics.

A Corpus-Driven Study of Syntactic And Semantic Models of Transitivized English Intransitive Verbs

Transitivized English intransitive verbs, abbreviated as transitivized EIVs in the present study, refer to the English intransitive verbs which are transitively used taking direct objects as normal transitive verbs do. This study aims to systematically explore their syntactic and semantic patterns through a specialized corpus with 585 instances of 211 transitivized EIVs from the EIV corpus and approximately 97,000 words from the instances of 210 transitivized EIVs from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. To code the syntactic and semantic patterns of transitivized EIVs, conventional lexical and phrasal categories as well as the Ideal Motion Event Category were employed. The results of investigation indicate that the transitivized EIVs feature three major syntactic patterns: “EIVs + NP/Pron. + Zero”, “EIVs + NP/Pron. + meaning-supplementing expressions” and “EIVs + one’s way + Prep.-Phr.” while their semantic patterns are governed by law: The basic semantic pattern of the transitivized EIVs is the cause sense, but with its weakening or backgrounding, the other semantic patterns take the stage involving the sense combination of cause and manner, the sense of manner or the sense of abstract motion. This study offers a relatively comprehensive landscape of the linguistic phenomenon of transitivized EIVs and is believed capable of facilitating a better understanding of EIVs, thereby flexible and appropriate use of EIVs in intercultural communication.

Experimental Methodologies. A Corpus-Based Approach

On the basis of data, we analyse two different pairs of syntactic patterns, the so called dative alternation and particle placement of transitive phrasal verbs. Although it has sometimes been argued that only experimental data can contribute to studies of priming, the analysis shows that (a) the corpus-based results for datives are very similar to the experimental ones; (b) priming is also obtained for the verb particle construction, a construction hitherto not explored in the priming literature and (c), most importantly, in line with much previous psycholinguistic and corpus linguistic work, priming effects turn out to be strongly verb-specific such that some verbs are much more resistant or responsive to priming than others. As a variety of studies has shown, speakers tend to repeat syntactic structures they have just encountered (produced or comprehended) before.

Stylistics of the injunction in the advertising language of mobile telephony

This article intends to examine the injunction in the advertising language of mobile telephony. It scrutinises the problem of stylistic choice in the use of the injunction, to draw out the intentional implications of the speaker and to investigate the interactions, reactions and implicit content through the use of the injunction. This study of the injunction is situated in a telephone company setting in which we collected the data and present some methods for extracting occurrences of the injunction. Thus, the stylistics of effects and the criteria of pragmatics are the methods chosen to analyse the injunction in the advertising style in mobile telephony. Two results allow us to understand the use of injunctions in advertising communication. Firstly, the injunction is a stylistic choice technique at the service of the speaker with advantages centred on singular and plural discourse pronouns and transitive verbs. Secondly, it allows the creation of directive actions and expectations on the part of the speaker and the generation of implicit content revealing the motives of the enunciator and the weaknesses of the speaker concerning the use of computer products. In conclusion, this study confirms the majority of studies convened in this article according to which the duty of the addressee is the obedience and execution of the tasks dictated by his speaker.

The Accusatives in the Commentaries of Al-Durra Al-Alfiya by Ibn Al-Muati and Ibn Al-Khabbaz

The research elucidates the permissibility of placing the object first to convey the meaning, as the notion that the pear is eaten comes to mind first. The study delves into the issue of whether the verb can extend to encompass inclusion, involving both the deaf and others, suggesting that it has extended to inclusion in the sentence when it is a type of inclusion, as well as in instances of returning and walking The research asserts that the circumstantial accusative is in the accusative case because it resembles the direct object, being an adjunct. As Sibawayh stated: "The chapter on what is in the accusative among nouns that are neither adjectives nor verbal nouns, because it denotes the state in which the action occurs, thus it is in the accusative as it functions as an object. Some Arabs say: 'I spoke to him, his mouth to my mouth,' as if to say: 'I spoke to him, and this was his state.' Hence, it is the accusative because it describes the state in which the action occurred The research underscores the importance of the representation adopted by the author and the commentator, demonstrating that the object must fulfill three conditions: it must be a noun, it must occur after a clause containing a verb or a word conveying the meaning of a verb and its particles, or it must follow the conjunction "و" indicating association, which signifies accompaniment. Thus, the object actually serves as a noun adjunct to the conjunction"و" denoting association. The study concludes that advancing transmission and analogy in differentiation is permissible. Regarding analogy, this is because the factor in differentiation falls into two categories: one being a solid noun and the other a transitive verb, with the differentiating factor being transitive.

استعمال طريقة TAI (Team Assisted Individualization) في تدريس الفعل اللازم والمتعدي (دراسة إجرائية)

The Arabic language is one of the subjects taught in Islamic schools, and there are many lessons, including the study of linguistic grammar. One of the grammar rules taught in the SMPIT MQ is the grammar of the verb. Many students do not understand it well, especially the rule of transitive and intransitive verbs, and some of them feel bored and confused while learning these rules. Therefore, the teacher needs attractive teaching methods in his teaching to obtain the achievement of the desired purposes. The researcher used the TAI method in teaching this subject because in this way the students in the heterogeneous group will learn and help each other. This research aims to know how to conduct the teaching process using the TAI method, and to know its effects in improving students’ understanding of the subject of transitive and intransitive verbs, and to know its effects on their learning motivations. This research is classroom action research. The population for this research is second-grade students from the SMPIT MQ, who are forty students, and the sample is students from second grade A, who are 23 students. In collecting data, she conducted personal interviews, direct observation, and pre-and post-tests. The results of this research show that using the TAI method encourages students to learn intransitive and transitive verbs and increases their ability to understand them, and this method is exciting. We see this phenomenon from the students’ results: in the first round, the average grade was 4.4, in the second round it was 8.8, and in the third round, the average grade was 10.

Competing constructions in Kaqchikel focus contexts

Abstract This study provides new data on the use of agent focus (AF) versus transitive constructions in Kaqchikel. This work follows up on a study done by Heaton et al. (Heaton, Raina, Kamil Deen & William O’Grady. 2016. An investigation of relativization in Kaqchikel Maya. Lingua 170. 35–46) which found that while questioning the subject of a transitive verb regularly requires the use of AF or an antipassive, relativizing the subject of a transitive verb does not. Present findings show that AF is only common in half of the six primary syntactic contexts that allow it, which is unexpected under the assumption that AF is a last resort strategy. I suggest that the differences between these syntactic contexts in Kaqchikel are related to the presence of a preverbal lexical NP element which is available to be interpreted as the agent. Comparative descriptive evidence is also compiled demonstrating that transitive verbs are possible in syntactic contexts that traditionally have been considered to require AF across Eastern Mayan languages.

Kemampuan Menulis Narasi

Writing is a complex ability to express thoughts and ideas into written form as a means of conveying messages. Narrative text is an essay that presents a series of events chronologically with the aim of entertaining, increasing knowledge, providing insight and aesthetic experience to the reader. The characteristics of a narrative text include containing a story with a narrative language style, having a clear storyline, containing events/conflicts, as well as elements such as theme, setting, plot, characters and point of view. The linguistic elements of narrative texts include the use of figurative words (metaphors), transitive and intransitive verbs, nouns, adjectives, phrases/clauses, and conjunctions to mark time order. The type of narrative text consists of informative, artistic and suggestive narratives. The structure of narrative text consists of orientation, complication, resolution, and reorientation. The steps for writing a narrative text include determining the theme, target audience, designing the story line, developing the story, arranging story elements, and understanding punctuation rules. The narrative writing assessment includes aspects of content/ideas, writing organization, language, and writing grammar.

Contrastive Causative Construction in Japanese and Indonesian: X-Bar Theory

This study aims to describe causative contractions in Japanese and Indonesian; how causative sentence structures in the form of diagrams through X-Bar theory, their meanings in Japanese and Indonesian, as well as their similarities and differences in both languages. The study used contrastive analysis to compare the causal sentence contraction of both languages. Research results show that the causal sentence construction of both languages is derived from non-causative sentences by converting predicates into causative verbs. However, there are several verbs in both Indonesian and Japanese, which already have a causative meaning, such as korosu (killing), akeru (opening), mawasu (spinning), and others. The causative construction of the Indonesian language is composed of three types: lexical causative, morphological causative, and paraphrastically causative. Japanese causative construction is only in lexical causative, and paraphrastically causative. The causative Japanese sentences are marked by the pronunciation of o-saseru and ni-saseru in intransitive verbs and transitive verbs at the end of the sentence. Also, ni and o-saseru appear in the same sentence as transitive verbs. Causative sentences of Indonesian can be formed by affixing ikan, -i, per-. The basic structure of Indonesian causative sentences is formed from inflections, spacer and verb phrases. The initial structure, predominantly FI over FV then, moved to the [Ses FP] position in its derivative structure.

The cortical representation of transitivity: Insights from tractography-based inhibitory nTMS

Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS) is commonly used to causally identify cortical regions involved in language processing. Combining tractography with nTMS has been shown to increase induced error rates by targeting stimulation of cortical terminations of white matter fibers. According to functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data, bilateral cortical areas connected by the arcuate fasciculus (AF) have been implicated in the processing of transitive compared to unergative verbs. To test this connection between transitivity and bilateral perisylvian regions, we administered a tractography-based inhibitory nTMS protocol during action naming of finite transitive (The man reads) and unergative (The man sails) verbs. After tracking the left and right AF, we stimulated the cortical terminations of the tract in frontal, parietal and temporal regions in 20 neurologically healthy native speakers of German. Results revealed that nTMS induced more errors during transitive compared to unergative verb naming when stimulating the left (vs right) AF terminations. This effect was specific to the left temporal terminations of the AF, whereas no differences between the two verb types were identified when stimulating inferior parietal and frontal AF terminations. Induced errors for transitive verbs over left temporal terminations mostly manifested as access errors (i.e., hesitations). Given the inhibitory nature of our nTMS protocol, these results suggest that temporal regions of the left hemisphere play a crucial role in argument structure processing. Our findings align with previous data on the role of left posterior temporal regions in language processing and by providing further evidence from a language production experiment using tractography-based inhibitory nTMS.

An Identification of Phrasal Verb in the Movie Entitled “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban”

Language has a great effect as an important part of human life that is always used in the daily life by human being. It is important to teach and educate the students as ESL/EFL students about phrasal verbs in order to make them understand and capable in using phrasal verbs especially when they have interaction in English. This study aims to analyze the phrasal verbs, types and the meaning of phrasal verbs that are found in the movie entitled “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban”. The instruments of this study are the researcher as the main instrument and a checklist that is used to collect the data. This study used documentation as the method of the data collection. The result of this study showed that there are 102 of phrasal verbs that were found in the movie. There were two types of phrasal verbs that were found in this study, such as transitive phrasal verb (separable phrasal verb and inseparable phrasal verb) and intransitive phrasal verb. Both of the types of the phrasal verbs were found in the movie of this study. Those are consisted of 74 of intransitive phrasal verb and 28 of transitive phrasal verb (14 of separable phrasal verb and 14 of inseparable phrasal verb).

Избыточность лично-возвратного местоимения себя: к вопросу о небанальном грамматическом плеоназме

The article deals with the case of grammatical pleonasm, which involves the verbalization of the verbal position of the actant or localizer by the case forms of the personal reflexive pronoun self, which have a spatial or subject-object meaning. This phenomenon is widespread in modern usage (at least 50 verbs participate in it), in different types of discourse (journalistic, political, advertising, colloquial, literary, educational and scientific), in oral and written speech, but it is not comprehended in terms of “language norm” or “speech error”, although the data of explanatory dictionaries impose a ban on the duplicate use of the pronoun self with some verbs. The article proves the deficiency of such combinations based on the semantic analysis of verbs, as well as by means of grammatical transformation – changing the part of speech or word order, which serve as additional methods of error verification. Based on the analysis of semantics, the list of verbs (50 units) that form pleonastic collocations (55 units) with all members of the case paradigm (Genitive, Accusative, Dative, Ablative and Locative with or without a preposition) of the personal reflexive pronoun self was revealed. Pleonastic control is provoked mainly by transitive verbs with the meaning of “location” and “placement / movement of an object” (integrating it into something, or excluding it, joining it with something, collecting or eliminating), as well as the meaning of “possessing” or “obtaining”. In metaphorical contexts with these verbs, the pronoun self is also redundant. From the point of view of linguistic logic, semantics and existing dictionary stipulations, this phenomenon should be codified as a grammatical pleonasm.