Verb Research Articles

Verb-centered means of expressing self-presentation in the English-language job-hunting discourse

This article presents a semantic, syntactic, and contextual analysis of the language means of self-presentation, conceptualized as the dominant speech strategy in the job-hunting discourse. The scope of our research is limited to the written variety of texts expressed via the genres of CVs/resumes and cover letters. The material was taken from English-language job-hunting resources: Balance, Career Addict, Career Blog, Indeed, Resume.io, StandOut CV, and Zety. It is stipulated that self-presentation can be viewed as a system of interrelated speech tactics: self-nomination, self-description, presentation of professional achievements, description of professional responsibilities, and identification with an ideal candidate type. Each tactic has its unique semantic profile. All self-presentation tactics roughly fall into two major categories—nominative and verb-centered. The latter category, which incorporates the tactics of presentation of professional achievements and description of professional responsibilities, was the primary focus of this research. A careful semantic and syntactic analysis revealed that active verbs with two-complement (in some cases, three-complement) valency are the core of the aforementioned tactics. This leads us to believe that the actant situation almost always includes the agent and theme, sometimes the benefactive. As a result of semantic analysis, lexical units were classified according to their sentimental modality—positive, negative, or neutral. Our research documented the prevalence of positive evaluation semantics in self-presentation units. A syntactic analysis was employed to identify the formal aspects of sentences containing self-presentation. The analysis showed that most sentence structures fall into three basic types of syntax reduction: a) subject omission ([I] perform regular check-ups); b) omission of the subject and the link verb ([I am] professionally trained); c) the omission of the subject and the verb of possession ([I have] numerous awards). The authors conclude that the self-presentation blueprint of verb-centered constructions identified in this article persists across all verb-centered tactics proving to be an effective means of constructing written job-hunting discourse.

The role of entrenchment and schematisation in the acquisition of rich verbal morphology

Abstract Entrenchment and schematisation are the two most important cognitive processes in language acquisition. In this article, the role of the two processes, operationalised by token and type frequency, in the production of overgeneralised verb forms in Croatian preschool children is investigated using a parental questionnaire and computational simulation of language acquisition. The participants of the questionnaire were parents of children aged 3;0–5;11 years (n = 174). The results showed that parents of most children (93 %) reported the parallel use of both adult-like and overgeneralised verb forms, suggesting that Croatian-speaking preschool children have not yet fully acquired the verbal system. The likelihood of overgeneralised forms being reported decreases with the age of the children and verb type frequency. The results of the computational simulation show that patterns with a higher type frequency also show a greater preference for the correct form, while lexical items show both learning and unlearning tendencies during the process.

Exploring Attitudes toward Sustainability Education in a Group of Italian Preservice Teachers: The Role of Environmental Identity and Sense of Community Responsibility

In the current educational context, international institutions are being called to rethink education and declining new strategies that aim to teach sustainable behaviors. From this perspective, the present study aims to investigate the attitudes towards the sustainability of trainee teachers, verifying their connection with psycho-social variables, such as environmental identity and sense of community responsibility, and exploring their most common dispositions. In total, 126 Italian preservice teachers were involved in a mixed method study where they were asked to complete a questionnaire and participated in focus groups. The use of a combination of quantitative–qualitative methodologies has allowed us to obtain in-depth information about sustainability education. Quantitative data showed a virtuous circular relationship between environmental identity, attitudes towards education for sustainability, and the sense of community responsibility. Qualitative data showed the high frequency of two key action verbs, avoid and respect, but no specific reference to the educational field. After creating the target concept ‘to teach’, we observed a worrying absence of lemmas related to emotional dimension, and that the communication perspective is set on adults’ point of view, rather than on pupils. Limitations, strengths, and practical implications have been extensively discussed, especially in relation to the field of teacher education.

Wipe the table clean – German speakers construe telicity differently in adjectival resultatives and transitives

Change of state expressions involving weak-endstate verbs such as wipe and drink exhibit variation in telicity. The present study is the first to experimentally investigate change of state expressions referred to as adjectival control resultatives (e.g., wipe the table clean) and the corresponding simple transitives (e.g., wipe the table) regarding their telicity readings. Based on their semantic properties, we ask whether German speakers interpret adjectival resultatives as telic and simple transitives as fluctuating between telic and atelic. Following an event-structural approach to telicity, we also seek to contribute to the issue of which event-semantic properties adjectival resultatives and simple transitives share: if it is the adjective that evokes a telic interpretation, then the possible telic interpretation of simple transitives must arise by different means, suggesting a non-uniform construal of telicity. Twenty-one adults participated in a Truth-Value Judgment Task that varied Structure (resultative/transitive) and Event type (complete/incomplete). Generalized mixed effects logistic regression revealed a significant interaction between Event type and Structure. For complete events, acceptance was at ceiling for both structures. For incomplete events, acceptance was significantly lower for resultatives than for simple transitives. These results indicate that in adjectival resultatives telicity is construed semantically – via entailment – and in the corresponding simple transitives via a pragmatic inference, which is not computed very often. We propose that this type of simple transitives designates process events, exactly like their intransitive variant. Resultatives designate a transition event: the adjective and the main verb form a complex predicate; adjectives with closed scales like clean encode the prominent endstate subevent and the verb encodes the process subevent.

Artificial intelligence and medical education: application in classroom instruction and student assessment using a pharmacology & therapeutics case study

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) tools are designed to create or generate content from their trained parameters using an online conversational interface. AI has opened new avenues in redefining the role boundaries of teachers and learners and has the potential to impact the teaching-learning process.MethodsIn this descriptive proof-of- concept cross-sectional study we have explored the application of three generative AI tools on drug treatment of hypertension theme to generate: (1) specific learning outcomes (SLOs); (2) test items (MCQs- A type and case cluster; SAQs; OSPE); (3) test standard-setting parameters for medical students.ResultsAnalysis of AI-generated output showed profound homology but divergence in quality and responsiveness to refining search queries. The SLOs identified key domains of antihypertensive pharmacology and therapeutics relevant to stages of the medical program, stated with appropriate action verbs as per Bloom’s taxonomy. Test items often had clinical vignettes aligned with the key domain stated in search queries. Some test items related to A-type MCQs had construction defects, multiple correct answers, and dubious appropriateness to the learner’s stage. ChatGPT generated explanations for test items, this enhancing usefulness to support self-study by learners. Integrated case-cluster items had focused clinical case description vignettes, integration across disciplines, and targeted higher levels of competencies. The response of AI tools on standard-setting varied. Individual questions for each SAQ clinical scenario were mostly open-ended. The AI-generated OSPE test items were appropriate for the learner’s stage and identified relevant pharmacotherapeutic issues. The model answers supplied for both SAQs and OSPEs can aid course instructors in planning classroom lessons, identifying suitable instructional methods, establishing rubrics for grading, and for learners as a study guide. Key lessons learnt for improving AI-generated test item quality are outlined.ConclusionsAI tools are useful adjuncts to plan instructional methods, identify themes for test blueprinting, generate test items, and guide test standard-setting appropriate to learners’ stage in the medical program. However, experts need to review the content validity of AI-generated output. We expect AIs to influence the medical education landscape to empower learners, and to align competencies with curriculum implementation. AI literacy is an essential competency for health professionals.

Phraseological verbs in Heydar Aliyev's speech

In this article which studies Heydar Aliyev's speech from the point of view of linguistics, 20 phraseological verbs are examined, and the reasons why the great leader used them are explained. There are such phraseologiycal verbs in this post that they are political-diplomatic contents — such as “to put a veto”, “to adress a speech”, “o deliver a speech”, “to take responsibility”, “to raise a question”. There is such that it is refugee content like “to fall into trouble”. There are those who are literary-poetic-art - such as “to go into ecstasy”, “to give a stimulation”, “to put pen to paper”. The rest are active verbs in the daily life process - such as “to draw a plan” and so on.

MÜASİR İNGİLİS DİLİNDƏ HƏRƏKƏT BİLDİRƏN FEİLLƏRİN FUNKSİONAL-SEMANTİK XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ

Functional and Semantic Features of Action Verbs in Modern English Summary This article is devoted to the study of functional-semantic features of action verbs in Modern English. The article uses the opinions of linguists on the classification and functional-semantic characteristics of action verbs in the English language. It has been determined that action verbs are classified according to three principles – thematic, paradigmatic and syntagmatic. The denotative principle refers to the classification of action verbs based on their primary denotative meaning, the paradigmatic principle refers to the meaningful properties of verbs, and the syntagmatic principle refers to the valence of verbs. Key words: thematic principle, syntagmatic principle, paradigmatic principle, semantic field, frame

Connectivity and Application of the Principle of Multiple Intelligences in the Three Domains of Learning Mathematics

The study aimed to examine how Gardner's Multiple Intelligences applied to Ghana's Senior High School's core mathematics curriculum and instruction. The Core Mathematics curriculum was the primary document reviewed for the study. The action verbs used in the objective, section teacher-learner activities section, and the evaluation section of the core mathematics syllabus were identified and grouped with respect to the multiple intelligences. The analysis revealed that the mathematics curriculum was linked to several intelligences, although some intelligence was underserved. The Senior High School Mathematics Curriculum fails to consider diverse learning styles and preferences. It should provide a diverse range of topics using various instructional techniques. However, children with different intelligences should not experience mathematics as a hindrance. A re-evaluation is necessary to address these issues.

Flexible and fine-grained simulation of speed in language processing.

According to the embodied cognition theory, language comprehension is achieved through mental simulation. This account is supported by a number of studies reporting action simulations during language comprehension. However, which details of sensory-motor experience are included in these simulations is still controversial. Here, three experiments were carried out to examine the simulation of speed in action language comprehension. Experiment 1 adopted a lexical decision task and a semantic similarity judgment task on isolated fast and slow action verbs. It has been shown that fast action verbs were processed significantly faster than slow action verbs when deep semantic processing is required. Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 investigated the contextual influence on the simulation of speed, showing that the processing of verbs, either depicting fast actions or neutral actions, would be slowed down when embedded in the slow action sentences. These experiments together demonstrate that the fine-gained information, speed, is an important part of action representation and can be simulated but may not in an automatic way. Moreover, the speed simulation is flexible and can be modulated by the context.

Analysing Impactful Slogans in WHO’s Immunisation Campaigns: Study on Linguistic Strategies for Promoting Vaccination

Utilising the content and discourse analyses, the article aims to reveal the shared rhetorical linguistic tactics employed in 16 slogans from WHO’s Immunisation Week campaigns (2013–2023) to proficiently communicate messages. Slogans are vital for promoting vaccination in public health initiatives. The analysis reveals graphical, phonological, lexical, syntactic, and semantic features of slogans. Graphically, partial capitalisation and hashtags enhance visibility and engagement. Phonological features include alliteration and assonance, creating memorable rhythms. Lexically, inclusive language and action verbs motivate and persuade. Syntactically, imperative verbs, parallel structures, repetitions, and ellipses enhance impact and memorability. Semantically, puns, personifications, metaphors, and antitheses add depth and engage the audience. The findings inform future campaigns, facilitating the development of impactful slogans to combat vaccine-preventable diseases.

Variasi Bentuk dan Nilai Emotif Disfemia dalam Penyajian Rubrik Opini pada Harian Kompas Online

This study aims to (1) identify forms of the use of dysphema in opinion articles found in Kompas Online daily and (2) map the emotive values arising from the use of dysphema in opinion articles found in Kompas Online daily. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative. The data in this study are opinion articles contained in the opinion rubric of the online Kompas daily. The data source in this study is the opinion rubric found on the page https://www.kompas.id/categories/opini/artikel-opini/. Collecting data in this study using the note-taking method. Data validation in this study uses theoretical triangulation. Data analysis in this study used an interactive analysis model or Miles and Huberman including: (1) data reduction; (2) data presentation; and (3) drawing conclusions or verification. The results obtained from this study concluded that the use of dysphema found 49 data, the four forms of dysphema namely 20 data of active verbs, 12 data of nouns, 9 data of passive verbs, and 8 data of adjectives. In addition, the taste or emotive values that arise from the use of dysphema are the values of feeling terrible, upsetting, and demeaning.

A Minimalist Analysis of Relative Clauses in the Ifẹ̀ Dialect of Yorùbá

A considerable amount of scholarly works have been carried out on the syntax of relativisation in Yorùbá but with little attention paid to how the Ifẹ̀ dialect forms its relative clauses. This paper therefore, investigates the syntax of relative constructions in the Ifẹ̀ dialect detailing the strategies employed for them. Ten native speakers aged 60 years and above were purposively selected for structured oral interview based on their proficiency. Data were subjected to syntactic analysis using the Minimalist Program. The Ifẹ̀ dialect operates “kí” as its relative marker, this is optionally dropped. When the dialect stacks two or more relative clauses in a complex sentence it optionally drops only the first relative marker, others are always visible to the PF interface. The dialect operates Head Raising Analysis (HRA) whereby the relativised argument DPs are copied to the clause left peripheral position to check the [+Rel] feature on the Rel0. Relativisable constituents are subject DPs, object DPs (comprising direct objects, objects in serial verb constructions and prepositional objects) genitive DPs and prepositional complements. Relativising a VP/predicate, the dialect either externally merges the nominalised form of a verb as the specifier of the RelP or lexicalises the [+nominal] feature copied from the main verb at the spec RelP. The Ifẹ̀ dialect exhibits some dialectal variations lexically and structurally.

Contemporary Action Verbs in Authali Dialect (Past Tense): A Semantic Study

Contemporary Action Verbs in Authali Dialect (Past Tense): A Semantic Study

The concrete processing of Chinese action metaphors: an ERP study.

The present research adopts ERP (Event-Related Potentials) technology to investigate whether there exists a concreteness effect in the processing of Chinese action verbs within metaphorical context. The mean amplitudes of N400 activated by action metaphors were compared with those activated by literal verbs and abstract verbs. The findings indicated that the Met verbs evoked a significantly larger N400 response at frontal brain region compared to the Abs verbs at a time window 200-500 ms, while the Met verbs elicited a notably greater N400 amplitude specifically at the posterior brain region in comparison to the Lit verbs at 300-500 ms time window. These results may be interpreted as indicating that the comprehension of the Met verbs is based on the concrete action semantics.

Discussion on complex predicates in the Sakha language

This article raises questions related to ambiguities of complex predicates in the Sakha language. One of ambiguities is differentiation of the complex predicate from the compound one. The other is functional auxiliary verbs, which semantically supplement aspectual and modal meanings. For example, the verb бар-‘depart’ adds the meaning of inchoation of an action to a main verb in the converb {-An}: ааҕ-ан бар- ‘be going to read’. Functional auxiliary verbs are the result of grammaticalization in the Sakha language. But the process of grammaticalization has not been accomplished in the Sakha language. Thus, it is possible to make dual interpretations of a predicate аhа-ан бар- as ‘begin to eat’(complex) and ‘eat and go’(compound).

Dentistry in Ancient Egypt

Dentistry, dated in Ancient Egypt as an independent profession since the early 3rd millennium BC, was the first specialty recorded in a document in ancient Egypt, but nothing proves teeth interventions in mummies. The mouth and dental preservation was very important in rituals and theology because, as a source of exterior speech, it allowed man to express his spiritual feelings. The emphasis put on the mouth, lips, tongue, palate and teeth, was connected with the soul, the expression, and articulation of words. In the ‘Opening of the mouth’ ceremony, the dead jaws were freed to rebirth, give a voice and utter the words and names of power. Thus the white and healthy child Horus’ teeth allow to make up the undamaged mouth (PT 79 a) and five onions, their symbolic representation, were given the dead as a sacred offering. The emphasis put on the mouth, lips, tongue, palate and teeth, was connected with the soul, the expression, and articulation of words. As source of exterior speech, they allow man to express his spiritual feelings. In the Memphite theology the intellectual God Creator Ptah have generated the world pronouncing their names. Teeth and lips represent the magical verbal action and the tongue means speech, the _logos_. Dental problems were well known and some indications of doctor’s different diagnosis and treatments were found in medical papyri. The most common dental diseases were: attrition, frequent until pulp exposure, receding gums, caries and the destruction of enamel, chronic suppurative periodontitis that causes mobility, dental abscess and sepsis, loose teeth, ulcerative stomatitis, alveolar diseases and heavy deposits of calculus. Egyptian paleopathology and molecular biology provide new medical information and had revolutionized all aspects of dentistry, changing previous beliefs. However Egyptians were creative or witty and had devised many treatments for the various affections, both chirurgical and medicinal in nature, using different drugs. By studying a critical scrutiny of the development of dentistry profession in ancient times, it has been possible an exploration of dental problems, diseases and treatments and establishing guidelines and difficulties.

Syntactic Analysis of Serial Verb Constructions in Arabic Language

This research discusses Serial Verb Constructions found in both written and spoken Arabic language. The study is conducted using Syntax Analysis, employing a qualitative descriptive research design. Data collection is done through document analysis and fieldwork by collaborating techniques of reading, listening, and note-taking. Data sources are obtained in two forms, written data sourced from the Quran, and field data acquired from conversations with students at Darularafah Islamic boarding school. The data analysis stage employs the method proposed by Sudaryanto (2015:15), which emphasizes language analysis tools derived from the language itself, delineated in basic techniques only. This research aims to classify the Serial Verb Constructions in the syntactic formation of Arabic language based on the relationship between the first verb (V1) and the second verb (V2). The findings show that there are patterns in forming serial verbs in Arabic, such as V1 + V2 Pattern, V1 + the letter أن /an/ + V2 Pattern, V1 + the letter /lan/ + the letter أن /an/ + V2 Pattern, إن /in/ + V1 + V2 Pattern, لم /lam/ + V1 + V2 Pattern, and كَيْفَمَا /kayfama/ + V1 + V2 Pattern.

Пресуппозиции и аксиосфера лидера в профессиональном и медийном дискурсах

The article examines the problem of modern leadership as a socially significant phenomenon caused, firstly, by the importance of finding effective speech tools for the persistence of discourse and, secondly, by the need to establish value parameters. This problem is solved by analyzing the discursive practices of the leadership personality. The material for the analysis was the recordings of psychological trainings devoted to the formation of leadership qualities in clients, as well as public speeches by business leaders, famous creative figures, politicians, and athletes. In line with the cognitive-discursive methodology based on the recognition of axiological parameters of discourse that determine cognition, the authors identified value components that are represented as “secrets of success” and as part of the presuppositional foundation of the leader’s personality. It was found that the qualities of the discursive personality of the leader belong to the highest level of the cognitive structure of the personality – its “orientation”, which includes the value orientations of the subjects focused on their goals, plans and dreams, hardworking, open to everything new and considering creative activity for the benefit of society as their mission. The axioms of consciousness are attitudes that allow to maintain faith in success with strong-willed efforts during stressful periods or periods of uncertainty, as well as to maintain the necessary level of optimism. Thus, we can talk about the possibility of identifying a special type of verbal activity of the leader – a linguistic personality that activates its cognitive-linguistic potential in a particular communicative situation.

Value Characteristics of the Core of the Mental Lexicon of Native Speakers of Language and Culture in the Light of Intercultural Communication.

The purpose of this study was to consider the core of the mental lexicon of the Kazakh language based on the analysis of associative dictionaries, to determine the basic lexico-semantic groups of words and to compare the basic lexical layer with value categories. This study uses the following methods of linguocultural, comparative, lexico-semantic, and conceptual analysis, as well as analytical and synthetic analysis, with the help of which the main conceptual values of the Kazakh people were studied: spiritual, mental and material. The lexico-semantic categories of words in the Kazakh language were identified: names of people; adjectives with an assessment of reality; basic action verbs; nouns with abstract meanings. An idea was formed about the differences between the conceptual cores of the mental lexicon of the Kazakhs, the British, and the Spaniards. The principles of intercultural communication and ways of its implementation were considered on the example of the study of the Kazakh language from the point of view of linguistic culture. The basic concepts and their semantic meanings were compared based on the analysis of the linguistic nature of lexemes in the Kazakh, English and Spanish languages. Tables with the results of the study were presented to illustrate the results obtained. This study can be used in further scientific practice, for example, in linguocultural, sociocultural, historical, lexicographic, and conceptual studies.

The Role of the Motor System in L1 and L2 Action Verb Processing for Chinese Learners of English: Evidence from Mu Rhythm Desynchronization.

The nature of semantic representation has long been a key question in linguistic research. The Embodied Cognition theory challenges the traditional view of language representation, stating that semantic information stems from the sensory-motor cortex, which is activated automatically during semantic processing. However, most of the evidence comes from monolingual studies; it remains unclear whether second-language (L2) comprehension involves different semantic representations or mirrors the pattern seen in first-language (L1) processing. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of the sensory-motor system in language processing via making Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings during the processing of L1 and L2 action verbs. The results showed that L1 (Chinese) action verbs generated higher mu-event-related desynchronization (ERD) than L1 abstract verbs in the early processing stage (250 ms after verb presentation), and the same phenomenon was also observed for L2 (English). The results also indicated that language modulated the processing of action verbs, with L1 action verbs eliciting stronger ERD than L2 action verbs. These results demonstrate that the sensory-motor cortex plays a crucial role in comprehending both L1 and L2 action verbs.