Verb Phrase Research Articles

Функционирование сложноподчинённых предложений с изъяснительными придаточными в современном удмуртском языке (на материале публицистических текстов)

the article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of complex sentences with explanatory subordinate clausesin Udmurt newspaper texts of the second half of the XX– the beginning of the XXI centuries. Objective: to identify the functioning of complex sentences expressing explanatory relations in Udmurt journalism. Research materials: journalistic texts of the newspapers “Sovetskoy Udmurtia” (1950–1959s) and “Udmurt Dunne” (2000–2017s). Results and novelty of the research: the scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time on the material of a journalistic text, the peculiarities of the functioning of explanatory sentences of the Udmurt language were studied: their frequency of use, synonymous constructions, the role of extralinguistic factors in the use of the studied types of a complex sentence in a newspaper article. As a result of the research, it was revealed that there are following types of complex sentences with explanatory subordinate clausesin the journalistic text of the Udmurt language: with subordinate conjunctions (shuysa ‘what, that’, budto (budto ke) ‘as if, as though’, with particles -a, meda, -a meda ‘whether’); with connectives (kin ‘who’; ma (mar) ‘what’; maly (marly) ‘why, with what purpose’; kyzy ‘how’, etc.); with connectives and correlatives (mae... soe ‘ that... what’; mar... soe ‘that... what’; sycheze... kudze ‘is like that... what’). Among them, complex explanatory sentences with connectives dominate (53,7%), in second place are complex sentences with explanatory subordinate clauses, the predicative parts of which are combined by subordinate conjunctions (46%). The phenomenon of syntactic synonymy is represented by transformation of complex explanatory sentences into conjunctionless complex sentences, into simple sentences with phrases with or without postpositions. The absence of the shuysa conjunction in the postposition of the subordinate clause and the replacement of this conjunction with the modal word pe were also revealed. The research revealed the prevalence of such synonymous phenomena as the replacement of subordinate clauses by verbal phrase without postpositions (34,6%), the loss of the conjunction shuysa (27,7%) and the replacement by postposition verbal phrase (26,2%). Unlike oral speech, written speech is characterized by the possibility of making changes by other participants of communication

Verboten reflexivization and hidden meaning in German reflexive inchoative, zu-excessive and particle verb structures

The paper presents a compact yet comprehensive analysis of the systematically arising change of state or mod-al meanings of reflexive inchoative constructions, zu-excessive constructions and particle verb constructions in German (Brandt 2019). Verboten reflexivization links a lower thematic role to a higher grammatical function and associated lesser marking illegally. As a consequence, the negation (complement) of a property that is in-depend-ently coded in the verbal projection cannot be locally interpreted. The corresponding logical form banks off the interface and is interpreted in the structurally next higher syntactic-semantic cycle where indexi-cal information regarding anchoring to times, worlds or thresholds is dealt with. The intransparent semantics of the constructions under discussion is thus the effect of literally recycling a logical form the ex situ interpre-tation of which provides an economical alternative to a more transparent coding.

Language demands in undergraduate mathematics courses

This study examines language demands in undergraduate university mathematics classes with a view to better preparing and supporting international and other culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students in the United States universities. We observed and analyzed the language demands of 13 entry-level mathematics classes across two large universities. Findings showed that mathematics instruction required extensive and varied listening skills requiring students to listen to long and uninterrupted stretches of sometimes fast paced speech. Technical vocabulary contributed to the language demands, but instructors used both academic and colloquial varieties of language in instruction, interweaving mathematical nouns with phrasal verbs to explain mathematical processes. We suggest a greater focus on development of academic listening skills in English language classes as well as potential collaboration with mathematics campus resources and faculty for additional student support for preparing CLD students for potential future discourse practices.

The Effectiveness of a Proposed Program Integrating Focus on Form and Gamified Learning in Fostering Egyptian English Majors' Phrasal Verbs Comprehension and Production

The Effectiveness of a Proposed Program Integrating Focus on Form and Gamified Learning in Fostering Egyptian English Majors' Phrasal Verbs Comprehension and Production

Investigating Natural Language Techniques for Accurate Noun and Verb Extraction

Natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed significant advancements in recent decades. Automatically classifying parts of speech, like nouns and verbs, from textual input has transformed text analysis and language understanding. Using natural language processing techniques, we explore various methods for identifying noun and verb phrases automatically, with an emphasis on high accuracy. Our study explores rule-based, statistical, and Machine Learning (ML) approaches for determining the nouns and verbs from sentences. The effectiveness of these approaches is clearly evident, especially when NLP libraries such as SpaCy and the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) are used. As well as demonstrating their potential applications across diverse language processing tasks and industries, we conduct comparative research to showcase their advantages and disadvantages. The performance of these methods is also examined in terms of retrieving subject and action terms. SpaCy achieves an impressive accuracy of 95% in noun and verb extraction, while Part-Of-Speech (POS) technology tagging delivers an even higher accuracy of 96%. The results obtained with these methods illustrate how nouns, verbs, and names can be classified in text successfully.

ChatGPT-based Research on the Influence of AI on English Translation

Abstract Since its launch, ChatGPT has generated a great deal of conversation across a range of businesses and sparked an unparalleled technological revolution in the English translation space. In this work, we first establish and thoroughly discuss the English translation standard. We then measure the standard of English translation using HTER, the most widely used human editing distance and assess the quality of ChatGPT’s English translation. The impact of ChatGPT on the quality of English translation is investigated in the context of practice, and the working mechanism, capability characteristics, and performance of ChatGPT are analyzed to reveal the powerful performance of ChatGPT in improving the processing speed and efficiency of translation tasks. When the instances are compared, it can be shown that ChatGPT translations outperform manual translations in terms of linguistic variety. The BF values of word type lexical density and word item lexical indexes are as high as 1503.49 and 1386.72, respectively. Additionally, the BF values of the verb phrase complexity indicator and the ratio of parallel phrases indicate the syntactic complexity of ChatGPT translations, which are both significantly superior to human translations at 38497.02 and 4082.39, respectively.

Selected aspects of implementing prepositional verb government in the Polish and Ukrainian languages

Selected aspects of implementing prepositional verb government in the Polish and Ukrainian languages

CONSTRUCTION OF THE EQUATIVE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE IN THE ANECDOTE OF “JUHA WA AL-HISHAN AL-GHARIB” BY AHMED NAGUIB BASED ON KENNETH L. PIKE PERSPECTIVE / تدبير العبارة الفعلية المعادلة في حكاية "جحا والحصان الغريب" لأحمد نجب على أساس نظرية كينيت ل. بيك

This study aims to reveal the form of the independent clause in the anecdote “Juha wa al-Hishan al-Gharib” by Ahmed Naguib based on the perspective of Kenneth L. Pike. This was a qualitative descriptive study. Data were collected using reading and translation techniques and note-taking techniques. The results of this study are two visible independent clauses and three stored independent clauses. In the evident independent clause, the structures found in the anecdote “Juha wa al-Hishan al-Gharib” are a) S+P+Attribute predicate (AP-NP); b) S+P+attribute predicate (AP- Adj.P). There are three independent clauses stored, namely: a) S+P (stored) + Attribute Predicate (AP-Prep.P); b) S+P (saved) + Attribute Predicate (AP-NP); c) S+P (saved) + Attribute Predicate (AP-Adj.P). An equative independent clause is a clause that consists of an equative verb phrase (EqVP), which is a link between the subject (S) and the complement or attribute predicate (AP).

Revealing Transitive Verbs in Arabic Short Stories: A Case of Tagmemic Approach

The study aimed to reveal transitive verbs, both active and passive monotransitive, in the Arabic short story “al-’Ajuz was al-’Ushfur” by Mahasin Jadu by using Kenneth L. Pike’s tagmemic theory, which consists of four elements. This study was qualitative-descriptive. Data was collected by reading and noting techniques from short story texts based on Kenneth L. Pike’s four tagmemic elements. The result of the study showed that based on Kenneth L. Pike’s four tagmemic elements, active transitive verbs were expressed by using four structures: (1) transitive verb phrase, noun phrase 1, and noun phrase 2; (2) transitive verb phrase, noun phrase 1, noun phrase 2, and adjunct (prepositional phrase); (3) transitive verb phrase, noun phrase 1, and noun phrase 2; (4) transitive verb phrases (noun phrase 1), adjunct (prepositional phrase), and noun phrase 2. The passive monotransitive verbs founded on one structure were expressed by using transitive verb phrases, noun phrases 1, and noun phrases 2. The result of this study shows that in many cases of transitive phrases, both active and passive monotransitive forms might stimulate the notion of different meanings by using their own syntactic structures.

PHRASAL VERBS IN RICK RIORDAN’S NOVEL THE HAMMER OF THOR: A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS

The study about syntax is quite significant because some people may write sentences yet they have no idea the proper structure of grammar. In this study, the writer focuses on syntax which has something to do with phrasal verbs discussed in tree diagram. This study uses The Hammer of Thor novel by Rick Riordan as the data source. The objective of the study is to find out kinds of phrasal verbs in The Hammer of Thor novel and the meaning of those phrasal verbs. This study used qualitative method. There are 33 phrasal verbs found in the novel as the source of data. Those particles which form the phrasal verbs are out, up, for, down, about, back, on, off, into, away, through, from, and over. Based on the data found, the phrasal verbs are different from verb phrases in written form. Furthermore, the tree diagram gives more understanding how phrasal verbs are formed and how to use them syntactically.

POST-EDITING DECISIONS IN MACHINE TRANSLATION OF LEGAL CONTRACTS

Legal translation requires special language use. It has therefore been many a time credited to be one of the most difficult genres to translate. Post-editing of machine translation is becoming more and widely employed in the translation industry. Even in languages that cannot boast huge amounts of resources, translating texts of certain genres is rarely conducted without resorting to machine translation, as the resulting quality seems to be approaching parity with human translation. This study attempts to analyze and compare post-editing decisions in machine translated legal contracts from English to Lithuanian and from English to Ukrainian. Legal contracts are part of the legal discourse with language characterized as being archaic, complex, culturally bound and typically stocked with formulaic phrases, specialized terms, and Latinisms. Being a technical type of discourse, legal translation may benefit from machine translation. The conclusions of the study are based on the findings of assessment of machine translation post-editing decisions made by professional translators. The findings demonstrate and support the results of previous research with other languages that the main trends are as follows: changes in noun and verb phrases in both languages, co- reference and reordering changes. Further study of the stated problem will allow expanding (targeting and detailing) the typology of post-editing actions, considering the specifics of Baltic (Lithuanian) and Slavic (Ukrainian) languages.

Nominalisation of phrasal verbs in the -ing forms with a plural marker (goings-on, coming outs): a study of nominal characteristics

Nominalisation of phrasal verbs in the -ing forms with a plural marker (goings-on, coming outs): a study of nominal characteristics

The Recognition of English Tenses by Thai EFL Learners

This study addresses the challenges encountered by Thai learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) due to the absence of a tense-aspect system in their native language. Emphasizing the prevalent reliance on classroom instruction for English tense acquisition, the primary research objective is to examine the proficiency of Thai EFL learners, stratified by varying levels of English grammar competency, in discerning English tenses and aspects. Through the administration of two evaluative instruments, encompassing 12 distinct English tenses and verb phrase structures, the findings reveal that initial recognition is centered on the present simple and past simple tenses. Proficiency levels significantly influence tense recognition, with the initial phase comprising the present simple, past simple, present continuous, and past continuous tenses, aligning with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). These insights hold pedagogical implications, suggesting practical applications for English instructors catering to Thai EFL learners, thereby enhancing overall classroom efficacy.

БАҒАЛАУ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯСЫ ЖӘНЕ ҰЛТТЫҚ БІРІҢҒАЙ ТЕСТІЛЕУГЕ ДАЙЫНДЫҚ ПРОЦЕСІНДЕ ҚОЛДАНУ ӘДІСТЕМЕСІ

Abstract. The use of assessment technology in preparation for the Unified National Testing is a necessary condition for the formation of mental qualities of a student's personality. The article describes the assessment technology and the methodology of its application in the preparation of the UNT. It includes the improvement of teaching methods of disciplines, the training of competent personnel for these disciplines, an objective assessment of students' knowledge. The system of preparation for the Unified National Testing educational work, the introduction of an interactive way of learning that adapts the educational process to productive education. It was said that interactive learning is, first of all, learning in which teachers and students interact and conduct interviews. About the main goals of interactive learning: the establishment of free and open creative communication between students, the orientation of students to independently search for knowledge, the development of necessary skills and abilities in students. We want to share our experience in improving the results of the Unified National Testing. We are developing an annual plan for students. The annual plan is based on the materials presented to each class. Exam materials cover various topics: historical (foreign) problems, proverbs, idioms and phrasal verbs, etc. It is important that the preparation for the "Unified National Testing" takes place in three stages: step-by-step preparation of goals, the development of knowledge on the subject of choice for deepening knowledge, identifying the student's capabilities and assistance in finding the right solution, working with each student individually and replenishing their knowledge, etc. The importance of the criterion assessment is emphasized-the type of assessment of students, since it is important to know the subject, depending on it, the issues of obtaining more points, as a result of the UNT. Important - communication skills, consistency, discipline, economical use of time, concentration, complete assimilation of materials, competence of students participating in the UNT, Unified National Testing, all this motivates to a good result. We believe that the methods used will help students to effectively apply their knowledge, get positive and good results. Interactive methods are also of great importance.

Grammatical and Lexical Dialectal Variation in Spanish: The Case of deísmo

Deísmo is a non-standard dialectal phenomenon consisting of the insertion of a non-required preposition de ‘of’ before a non-finite clause: Me apetece (de) salir ‘I want to go out’. In most papers, de is analyzed as a defective complementizer that does not change the meaning of the sentence. However, deísmo has also been associated with a prospective meaning with some verbs, and de has been considered as a marker of evidentiality with visual perception verbs. In this paper, we provide a formal analysis for deísmo constructions, in which de is located in a projection below that occupied by de in dequeísmo constructions). Secondly, we will show the results of a questionnaire whose objective is to figure out if there is an evidential meaning associated with deísmo. For the questionnaire, we made a preliminary search in Corpus Oral y Sonoro del Español Rural (COSER) and in Spanish Web Corpus 2018 (Sketch Engine). From this, we selected the most frequent verbs with deísmo in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). An examination of the results revealed that, on the one hand, deísmo is lexically associated with certain verbs, but not necessarily with all of the same semantic class; and on the other hand, that there is not an evidential meaning associated with deísmo.

The German geschweige denn construction

Abstract The corresponding German construction to English let alone is geschweige denn with a meaning of ‘and even more/less so’. For present-day German, the construction is described as a coordinating conjunction, the use of which is tied to certain usage conditions, such as negative contexts. The construction is idiomatic and can be described as a form-function pairing in a Construction Grammar framework. This paper describes the origin and development of the idiomatic construction from a diachronic perspective. The data analyzed comes from the core corpus of the German Text Archive (Deutsches Textarchiv; DTA), occasionally complemented by the extension corpora of the DTA. It is shown that the construction evolves from verb phrases such as ich geschweige (‘I remain silent’), which are often used with a genitive complement or a dass-clause complement (‘that-clause’). One crucial aspect of the development of the coordinating conjunction is the loss of the filling of the nominative complement, usually ich (‘I’), with geschweige and the loss of ge- prefixes in inflected verb forms, which gradually leads to a change of the verb form to ich schweige, while the conjunction fossilizes the form prefixed with ge-. Furthermore, over time, the coordinating conjunction denn wins against the competition by dann and other words to form geschweige denn. The paper also traces the development of the idiomatic verb phrase ganz zu schweigen von, which happens in parallel to that of geschweige denn.

Imageability norms for 90 English spatio-temporal prepositions and semantically similar expressions

Imageability norms are presented for 90 single- and multiword spatio-temporal expressions of English including classic prepositions (e.g., at, in front [of]), intransitive prepositions (e.g., away), and common combinations such as up against. This 90-item set is a substantial enlargement and enhancement of a 56-item set collected in relation to a recently published study of phrasal verbs. For nearly half of the expressions in that earlier set there are now revised mean ratings based on proportionally large increases in the number of respondents from whom ratings were obtained. The enlarged set includes 34 newly rated spatio-temporal expressions, 19 of which appear to have no other published imageability rating. The 90-item list appears to be unique in its coverage of multiword prepositions and unusual in that 20% of the ratings pertain to items that raters saw with disambiguating information (e.g., “back, as in move back”). These 90 norms could be useful in many streams of research owing both to the importance of spatio-temporal prepositions in communication and to the well-established association of lexeme imageability with enhanced memorability, speedy mental processing, and learnability.

Formand function in serial verb constructions – insights fromGerman Sign Language

German Sign Language (DGS) exhibits constructions which seem to meet the generaldefinition of serial verb constructions (SVCs). I demonstrate that the constructions inquestion have characteristics known to be shared by similar constructions in other spokenand signed languages, both in terms of form and in terms of function. I argue thatwithin the typological picture, the DGS data suggest three things. First, it is most likelythe case that very different structures can derive similar surface data; for example, verbphrases may be concatenated via complementation or adjunction. Relatedly, the factthat languages differ in the variability of verb order in SVCs (i.e. which verbs can appearwhere to render certain readings) is a side effect of these differences in concatenation.Finally, in certain cases, a degree of linear uniformity across languages is introducedby conventionalization due to temporal iconicity. This presupposes that the languagesin question already have the structures necessary to generate strings of verb phrases,a subset of which are perceived as iconic. Where temporal iconicity is not found, linearordering exhibits more typological variation, as the syntax of a given language maygenerate more than one order.

Six-year-olds’ comprehension of object-gapped relative clause sentences: Investigating the contribution of NP number mismatch

Comprehension of sentences with a center-embedded, object-gapped relative clause (ORC) is challenging for children as well as adults. Mismatching lexical and grammatical features of subject noun phrases (NPs) across the main clause and relative clause has been shown to facilitate comprehension. Adani et al. concluded that children’s comprehension improved under conditions of NP number mismatch (e.g., singular main clause subject and plural relative clause subject) as compared with NP number match (e.g., both singular subjects). However, their stimuli provided number information on verb phrases (VPs) as well as NPs creating a confound for conclusions about facilitative effects of NP number mismatch. In this study, we isolated the contribution of NP number mismatch. Notably, 32 6-year-olds with typical language participated in a center-embedded, ORC sentence comprehension task with 4 types of stimuli: (a) NP number mismatch without VP number information (NP mismatch only), (b) NP number match without VP number information (NP match only), (c) NP number mismatch with VP number mismatch (NP + VP mismatch), and (d) NP number match with VP number match (NP + VP match). Children selected one of four pictures in an array to a verbally presented relative clause sentence; 56 sentences were presented. The within-subjects comparison for NP mismatch only and NP match only was not significant. However, the within-subjects comparison for NP mismatch only and NP + VP mismatch was significant. Children were more successful in NP + VP mismatch sentence comprehension ([Formula: see text] = 0.70).

ÎN PROBLEMA TIPOLOGIEI SINTAGMELOR: SINTAGMA VERBALĂ vs SINTAGMA PREDICATIVĂ

This article aims at (re)examining two types of subordinating phrases (= created based on a subordination relation) identified in scientific literature, i.e. verb phrases and predicative phrases. The latter differs from the former in that the P(redicate) is a DT (=dependent) to the S(ubject), and subordination takes place exclusively through agreement, contrarily to the usual means of complement subordination. The verb phrase is classified depending on the H (head), the relevant subphrases are classified depending on the D, and the predicative phrase is organised around a P in its capacity as a D related to an S.