Vented Cavity Research Articles

Impacts of finned rotating cylinder on hydrothermal flow of hybrid nanofluids in a vented cavity based on dynamic mesh approach

This study aims to explore and enhance the understanding of how finned rotating cylinders impact mixed convection of the hydrothermal flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluids in a vented cavity. The significance of this study contributes to the advancement of increasingly efficient and productive thermal control mechanisms in diverse industrial sectors employing rotating cylinders. Simulations employ a dynamic mesh approach to model the flow domain and boundary motion of the rotating bladed cylinder based on the finite volume technique. The presented results underwent a rigorous comparison with existing related works in the open literature. The chosen working fluid is a Newtonian hybrid nanofluid composed of SiO2-Al2O3 suspended in water. Various configurations of cylinder locations and sizes are examined, alongside a broad spectrum of associated variables with certain ranges. These parameters with defined ranges are; Reynolds numbers (2 × 102 ≤ Re ≤ 1 × 103), cylinder radius (0.1 ≤ R≤0.3), cylinder locations (0.25 ≤ δ ≤ 0.75), spinning speeds (− 3 ≤ Ω ≤ 3), and nanoparticle concentrations (0 ≤ φ1 ≤ 0.03 and 0 ≤ φ2 ≤ 0.03). The results indicate significant impacts of Reynolds numbers (Re), Grashof numbers (Gr), cylinder radius (R), location (δ), spinning speed (Ω), and the number of blades on the hydrothermal characteristics. The major finding states that the cylinder radius of 0.3 for Case 5 with five fins provides the greatest enhancement of mixed flow and relatively maximum heat transfer rate. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of nanoparticles (φ) of hybrid nanofluids further improves the thermal performance.

Discrete heating of turbulent FSI in a vented lid-driven enclosure

Heat dissipation from a segmental heat source confined in a vented cavity with a moving lid is investigated numerically. The left wall is made flexible with an opening to force the cooling fluid with Rein. The fluid is discharged out from another opening located in the opposite right wall. The lid of the cavity is driven by a speed four times greater than the inlet velocity, ReLid = 4Rein. The κ -ε turbulent model together with the interaction of the fluid with the flexible wall (FSI) are solved numerically using the method of finite element. The impacts of Reynolds, Richardson Ri and Prandtl Pr numbers, elasticity of the flexible wall and the location of the inlet ports are scrutinized. It is found that the location of the inlet port and the Prandtl number play crucial roles in improving the overall performance. It is found that the lower position of the inlet port gives better performance than the higher position, where the performance criterion is 1.69 at Ri = 100. Results reveal that the lower Prandtl number (0.71) gives higher Nusselt number, where at Ri = 100, setting Pr at 0.71 the Nusselt number increases by 125% more than Pr = 6.5. It is concluded that the flexible wall either promotes the Nusselt number or alleviates the pressure drop.

Experimental and numerical study of mixed convection heat transfer in a vented cavity partially filled with a porous medium: Effects of reynolds and rayleigh numbers on Nusselt number and flow regimes

This article presents a comprehensive investigation of mixed convection flow and heat transfer within a vented, partially side-heated cubical cavity, incorporating a porous medium with low-conductivity square-shaped inclusions. The study encompasses an extensive range of Rayleigh numbers (106 < Ra < 6 × 106) and Reynolds numbers (200 < Re < 4000) while maintaining a fixed Prandtl number of Pr = 0.71. This investigation spans over three decades in Richardson numbers (Ri = Ra/(Re2 Pr)), aiming to discern the interplay between the Nusselt number, Nu, and the Richardson number. Our understanding of Nusselt number dependencies is enhanced by combining PIV measurements of heat transfer and velocity fields with temperature field data. The study uses both experimental and numerical PIV data, incorporating porous media representation to reveal heat transfer scaling with both Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are used to explore the complex physical behavior under different flow conditions. Three distinct flow and heat transfer regimes have been identified, predicated upon the Richardson number. For Ri < 25, the flow structure and Nusselt number exhibit similarities with pure forced convection, where the Nusselt number scales as Nu ∼ Re0.6, independent of the Rayleigh number. Conversely, for Ri > 70, natural convection dominates the vicinity of the heating wall, rendering the Nusselt number less sensitive to Reynolds number variations and predominantly dictated by the Rayleigh number. Notably, the intermediate regime, ranging from 25 < Ri < 70, witnesses a competition between upward-directed natural convection flow at the heating wall and downward-directed forced flow, culminating in a minimum effective Nusselt number.

Combustion of a nanoparticles-laden chemical in a vented cavity

Mixed convective characteristics of the combustion of a nanoparticles-laden fuel (n-butanol nanofluid) in a vented cavity are investigated. The nanofluid and the oxidizer enter the cavity through the inlets on the left and right vertical walls, respectively. However, the resulting product produced from the oxidation process of the fuel exits the cavity through the outlet at the bottom wall. Heat generated from the oxidation process causes natural convection within the cavity. The conjugate effect of natural and forced convection finally gives rise to mixed convection phenomena. In this regard, a mathematical model for mixed convection flow in a vented cavity is formulated with no-slip and isothermal boundary conditions. Having transformed the model into a dimensionless form, the stream function-vorticity formulation is used. The resulting equations are then solved numerically using the finite difference method. Numerical results are illustrated with the streamlines, isotherms, and isolines of fuel and oxidizer concentrations. The maximum values of the stream function (ψmax) and the temperature (θmax) are found to increase with an increase in the Frank–Kamenetskii number (Λ), volume fraction of nanoparticles (φ), and stoichiometric ratio (χ). On the contrary, they decrease with the increase in the Reynolds number (Re). When the Grashof number (Gr) is increased, ψmax increases and θmax decreases. The remaining concentrations of fuel, (CF)min, and oxidizer, (CO)min, are higher for an increase in Gr, whereas the opposite is recognized for increasing Λ. With the increase in Gr and Λ, the steady-state flow in the cavity tends to be oscillating and then chaotic.

Effects of location of nano-enhanced PCM-packed bed on the process of heat transfer and phase transition in a nonuniform magnetic field

The phase change and thermal process intensification under nonuniform magnetic field (MGF) effects during hybrid nanofluid (NF) convection are investigated in this study using various arrangements of phase change material (PCM)-packed bed (PB) in a vented cavity. The PCM-PB is is considered as a triangular shape. The numerical research is done using the finite element method for different Reynolds numbers (Re between 200 and 600), inlet port sizes (between 0.5 and 2.5), Hartmann numbers (Ha between 0 and 60), nonuniform MGF component amplitudes (between 0 and 1), and different locations of the triangle PCM-PB zone. The process of phase change is accelerated by increasing the Re and port size, and the entire transition time (tf ) is reduced by 63% and 76%, respectively, when mix/max Re and min/max port sizes are considered. By using NF, the phase change is improved even further, and tf is further reduced by 17.6%–31.5%. When MGF strength and amplitude of the nonuniform component are increased, tf is reduced by about 13% and 6%. At the highest Ha, the average heat transfer (HT) drops by about 59%. The flow patterns, phase transition, and thermal performance are all significantly impacted by the placement of the PCM-PB zone. In terms of phase change process, configuration C2 by using NF at Ha = 60 is the best case while case at Ha = 0 by using only water is the worst case. The tf value is reduced by about 82.6% at the best case. When phase change and HT processes are considered, the optimal design of triangular PCM-PB zones alters.

Convection and phase change in a lid-driven trapezoidal vented cavity with encapsulated PCM under non-uniform magnetic field by using ternary nanofluid

In this study, a novel configuration of lid-driven vented cavity system equipped with encapsulated phase change materials is studied where applications are relevant in drying, material processing, and electronic cooling. For controlling the convective heat transfer and phase transition, combined utilization of non-uniform magnetic field with ternary nanofluid is offered. Upper wall is inclined and moving with constant speed while ternary nanofluid up to a loading of 0.03 is used. Galerkin weighted residual finite element method is considered as the solution technique. A range of parameters for Reynolds number (Re, 200–1000), wall velocity (Rep, 0–1500), Hartmann number (Ha, 0–30), inclination parameter (yd, 0–0.4H), non-uniform amplitude (Af, 0–0.3), and nanoparticle loading (ϕ, 0–0.03) are considered in the analysis. When Re is increased, transition time (tf) is generally reduced for moving wall case. Reduction of tf up to 65% is obtained at the highest Re when moving wall is used at Rep=1000. For stationary wall case, the behavior of tf with Re is non-monotonic while at the highest Re, tf is reduced. The phase transition process is strongly influenced by the moving wall velocity while first increment and decrement of tf with wall velocity is observed. Thermal performance rises by around 58% and 22%, respectively by using the highest Re for stationary and moving walls. There is a significant increase in heat transfer, of around 211%, as wall velocities rise from Rep=0 (stationary) to Rep=1500. The tf for the moving wall is decreased by around 43.7% at the highest Ha. According to the stationary scenario, tf rises by around 33% until Ha=15 and falls by roughly 39.2% between Ha=15 and Ha=30. Amplitude of non-uniform magnetic field results in variation of tf between 4.5% and 19%. When imposing magnetic field at maximum strength, thermal performance is improved by 44.75% with a moving wall while it is just 5% in a stationary scenario. While raising the value of upper wall’s inclination (yd) increases the thermal performance, it also influences the phase change process. More loading of nanoparticles in base fluid results in a faster transition; the corresponding decreases in tf are 24.5% and 12.7% for stationary and moving wall setups, respectively. The increases in thermal performance for stationary and moving wall cases are 36.3% and 33.7%, respectively.

Hydrothermal Performance of Al2O3/water nanofluid in a vented cavity including hot cylinder covered by a porous layer utilizing LTNE approach

Hydrothermal Performance of Al2O3/water nanofluid in a vented cavity including hot cylinder covered by a porous layer utilizing LTNE approach

Effect of External Flow Mode on Nanofluid Mixed Convective Cooling Inside a Multi-Vented Cavity

The purpose of this paper is to study numerically laminar mixed convection in a multiple vented cavity. This enclosure is continuously heated by constant temperature from the bottom wall, while the other boundaries are presumably thermally insulated. The imposed water-Al2O3 nanofluid flow is injected or sucked. The Influences of various control parameters, e.g.: Reynolds number Re, from 200 to 5000, the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles, , from 0to 7 %, and external flow mode (injection or suction) on the thermal patterns, the flow and the heat transfer within the enclosure are studied. Numerical results revealed that the presence of nanoparticles contributes to enhancement in the heat exchange and increase in the mean temperature within a cavity. Also, it was found that the heat performance and Applying the suction mode enhances the efficiency of cooling compared to the injection mode.

Coupled effects of corrugation and rotation on the phase transition and thermal process in a vented cavity under MHD convection

One of the challenges in the utilization of phase change materials (PCMs) is their low thermal conductivity. Therefore, for effective usage of PCMs in thermal systems, novel methods for phase change process control such as geometry modification and incorporating different boundary conditions can be adopted. In this study, phase transition and thermal process in a triangular shaped wavy enclosure equipped with spherical shaped encapsulated PCM are explored under magneto-convection of nanofluid. The inner walls of region where PCM is embedded is rotating and sinusoidal form of corrugation is considered for the wavy wall of the triangular cavity. Numerical calculations are done for different values of Re (200≤Re≤1000), Rew (−2500≤Rew≤2500), Ha (0≤Ha≤60), wave amplitude (0≤Ap≤0.1H) and wave frequency (2≤Np≤8). It is observed that when rotations are active at Rew=100, phase transition time (TF) is reduced by 12.5% while it is increased by 16.6% at Rew=0. Magnetic field is effective when used without rotation of the inner part. The amount of reduction of TF with magnetic field at the highest strength is obtained as 15.8%. The heat transfer is reduced with higher Ha for stationary and rotating cases while reduction amount up to 14% can be achieved. Amplitude of the wavy form of cavity wall is influential on the phase change process at Rew=0 and TF is reduced by about 14.5%. The contribution of amplitude and frequency of the wave form on the heat transfer is very slight. Optimum parameter set for lowest TF is obtained at (Re, Rew, Ha, Ap, Np) = (600, 2500, 60, 0.075H, 2) while for highest heat transfer rate it becomes (Re, Rew, Ha, Ap, Np) = (1000, 2500, 0, 0.1H, 8). Generalized neural network based modeling is found to be an efficient way of predicting the time dependent behavior of phase change process with respect to changes in operating parameters such as Re, Rew and Ha.

Comment on “Investigation of heat transfer enhancement of Cu-water nanofluid by different configurations of double rotating cylinders in a vented cavity with different inlet and outlet ports” [International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 126 (2021) 105432

The following comments address a few missing information that resulted in inaccurate qualitative and quantitative findings in the aforementioned article. This analysis, therefore, serves as a comparison and correction to the publication “Investigation of heat transfer enhancement of Cu-water nanofluid by different configurations of double rotating cylinders in a vented cavity with different inlet and outlet ports” by H. Moayedi, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer 126 (2021) 105432.

Thermal and phase change process analysis in a porous vented circular cavity under the impacts of inner rotating surface and inclined magnetic field during nanoliquid convection

In this study, thermal and phase change process in a circular porous vented cavity (P-VC) are numerically analyzed with finite element method considering magnetic field and inner surface rotation during nanofluid convection. The control of convective heat transfer and thermal management in porous cavities are crucial in applications for electronic cooling, heat exchangers, convective drying, and many other heat transfer devices. The numerical analysis is carried out for various values of the relevant parameters (Reynolds number—Re, rotational Reynolds number—Rew, Hartmann number—Ha, opening ratio—Ri) as follows: 500≤Re≤2000, −5000≤Rew≤5000, 0≤Ha≤80, 1≤Ri≤3. The phase change process often accelerates with higher Re when rotations are active. The rotations cause the full phase transition time (TR) to decrease by roughly 15% at the highest Re. The phase change process speeds up when both CW and CCW rotations are used at their highest values. The impacts of Ha on the TR variation is found as 33%. The thermal performances are slightly influenced by the variation of inner surface rotations and magnetic field strength. However, highest impact on thermal process and phase change is obtained when varying the inlet port size. The TR variation becomes 57% while heat transfer enhancement factor is obtained as 3.5. The optimal parameter combination to provide the highest thermal performance is (Ha, Rew, Ri) = (30.85, −4145, 2.98).

Thermal and phase change process of nanofluid in a wavy PCM installed triangular elastic walled ventilated enclosure under magnetic field

Coupled interactions between magnetic field, wall elasticity and corrugation of the packed bed container on the phase change and thermal process are analyzed during nanofluid convection in a triangular shaped vented cavity. The numerical analysis is performed considering Cauchy number (Ca between 10−7 and 5×10−5), Hartmann number (Ha between 0 and 50), number of waves (N between 1 and 8) and nanoparticle solid volume fraction (SV-F between 0 and 2%). Higher values of Ca and Ha contributes positively to the phase change and thermal process. The reduction of phase transition time (TP) reduces by 23% at the highest Ca while heat transfer improvements of 22.8% are obtained. The optimum value of wave number is found as N = 2. The optimum configuration is found for elastic wall case at the parameters (50, 2, 2%). The heat transfer enhancement factor is found as 13.8 while the TP reduction is 5% as compared to worst case which is found at (Ha, N, SV-F) = (0, 8, 0) with rigid wall.

CFD analysis and optimization of nano-enhanced phase change process in multiple port vented cavity equipped with encapsulated PCM under the combined effects of triple rotating cylinders and inclined magnetic field

In this study, phase change process dynamics in a multiple vented cavity system equipped with encapsulated phase change materials (PCM) are analyzed under the combined utilization of multiple rotating cylinders and magnetic field. The applications can be found in electronic cooling, rotating type heat exchangers where PCMs are immersed in between and for control purpose of the thermal management. The numerical work is conducted for different values of rotational Reynolds number (Rew, between 0 and 10000), distance between the cylinders (sn between 0.05H and 0.2H), strength of magnetic field (Hartmann number-Ha between 0 and 50) and size of the inlet port (w between 0.075H and 0.25H, H as the cavity size). The phase change process is found to be slower for Rew up to Rew=6000 after which it becomes fast. The full transition time (tF) rises by about 170% at Rew=6000 and then reduces 62% at Rew=10000. At the highest magnetic field, the process intensifies and up to Ha=20, it becomes slower. When magnetic field is active up to Ha=20, the value of tF rises by about 46.5% as compared to case without magnetic field while a reduction of the value by 43.8% is achieved by using magnetic field at the highest strength (Ha=50). Increasing the distance between the triple cylinders and port size of the vented cavity have negative impact on the process both with and without magnetic field. The phase completion time increases by about 124% in the absence of magnetic field when port size is increased from w=0.075H to w=0.25H while the value is 33% with magnetic field at Ha=50. Optimization studies are conducted to find the optimum set of parameter at two different port sizes (w). At w=0.1H, the optimum values are found as (Ha, Rew, sn)=(49.24,4073,0.094H) and at w=0.25H, the values are (Ha, Rew, sn)=(50,2296,0.068H).

Thermal performance assessment by using a wavy porous obstacle in a circular vented cavity under non-uniform magnetic field during forced convection of hybrid nanofluids

In this study, effects of using a wavy porous object on the thermal performance improvement in circular vented cavity are numerically assessed during hybrid nanofluid convection under non-uniform magnetic field. Numerical analysis is conducted for varying values of Reynolds number (Re, between 200 and 1000), Hartmann number (Ha between 0 and 50), magnetic field inclination (γ between 0 and 90) while Darcy number is taken between and . The amplitude is considered between 0 and 0.5 while wave number of the corrugated porous object is taken between 2 and 16. Significant impacts of the porous object parameters and permeability on the flow pattern distribution and thermal performance improvements are obtained. The magnetic field improves the heat transfer for the lower permeability object case at Ha = 10 while the average Nusselt number (Nu) is reduced for the case with higher permeability object case. Average Nu number improvement up to 33.5 is obtained with the imposed non-uniform magnetic field effects. Average Nu variations of 27.3 and 15 are obtained when the corrugation wave number and amplitude are varied. The Constrained Optimization BY Linear Approximations optimization is used to achieve the highest thermal performance of the configurations.

Effect of the lid-driven on mixed convection in an open flexible wall cavity with a partially heated bottom wall

The FSI-mixed convection heat transfer in a lid–driven vented cavity is studied in the present work. The heat source is set partially on the base of the cavity; the left flexible wall is cold, while the remaining walls are adiabatic. The top wall of the cavity moves in different cases depending on its movement; stationary wall (case 0), moving to the left (case I) and moving to the right (case II). The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation and finite element method are utilized to solve the governing equations. A two-dimensional incompressible laminar flow with an unsteady-state condition is used in the present model. The effects of relevant factors like the Richardson number 0.01≤ Ri ≤ 100 and the ratio of the velocities of moving top wall to that of the air entering the cavity, which is governed by Reynolds numbers ratio 1 ≤ Rer ≤ 4 have been studied. The outcomes demonstrate the feasibility of using a flexible wall and a special movement of the top wall. The percentage increase of the Nusselt number due to the flexible wall alone is about 4.5% while when the top wall moving to the left (case I), the augmentation rises to 28%.

Influence of thermal conductivity on transient mixed convection in a vented cavity with a hollow cylinder and filled with CNT-water nanofluid

This study is aimed to perform a numerical time-dependent investigation thermal conductivity effect of the annular cylinder within a vented cavity using CNT based-water nanofluid. For demonstrating the effect of thermal conductivity, four distinct hollow cylinder materials such as Ks = 0.5(Plastic tiles), Ks = 0.84(Clay tiles), Ks = 1.1(Concrete tiles), and Ks = 2(Slate tiles) are introduced together with a suitable variation of dimensionless time (0 ≤ τ ≤ 1). The governing equations of the model with associated boundary conditions is solved using finite element based Galerkin's weighted residual method. Different contour plots for thermal and flow field transformation and mean Nusselt number, mean fluid temperature, bulk convective field temperature, temperature gradient, pressure gradient, vortices, and fluid velocity magnitude are presented for qualitative and quantitative thermal performance analysis. With the decrease of solid thermal conductivity, 27.3% thermal transport enhancement is noted from the heated surface of the cylinder. However, a 16.3% increase in the bulk fluid temperature has been recorded with the increase in cylinder conductivity. The numerical outcomes from this investigation propose a better thermo-fluid efficiency compared to the existing methodology which can be suggestive to engineers and researchers for designing heat exchangers, heat pipes, and other thermal systems.

A semi-empirical model for the prediction of heat and mass transfer of humid air in a vented cavity

A semi-empirical model to predict the mass transfer rate of water from humid air in mixed convection together with the global heat transfer in a novel experimental set-up is presented. The cuboidal sample consists of isothermally cooled and heated plates with ventilation channels driving a mixed convective flow with inlet channel Reynolds numbers between 210 and 1270, Grashof numbers up to 8.46 ×107, and with relative humidities from 29% to 83% (at 25 ∘C). The volumetric velocity field was measured by means of tomographic particle image velocimetry together with the fluid temperature and humidity. The measurement results are used to develop a one-dimensional model to predict the global heat and mass transfer by quantifying the dependency of the Nusselt and Sherwood number on the experimental boundary conditions. A relative deviation between the measurement results and the model prediction below 1% for the sensible heat transfer is reported, while the prediction of the vapor-mass transfer rate exhibits an average relative deviation below 6%.

CFD Study of MHD and Elastic Wall Effects on the Nanofluid Convection Inside a Ventilated Cavity Including Perforated Porous Object

Cost-effective, lightweight design alternatives for the thermal management of heat transfer equipment are required. In this study, porous plate and perforated-porous plates are used for nanoliquid convection control in a flexible-walled vented cavity system under uniform magnetic field effects. The finite element technique is employed with the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. The numerical study is performed for different values of Reynolds number (200≤Re≤1000), Hartmann number (0≤Ha≤50), Cauchy number (10−8≤Ca≤10−4) and Darcy number (10−6≤Da≤0.1). At Re = 600, the average Nusselt number (Nu) is 6.3% higher by using a perforated porous plate in a cavity when compared to a cavity without a plate, and it is 11.2% lower at Re = 1000. At the highest magnetic field strength, increment amounts of Nu are in the range of 25.4–29.6% by considering the usage of plates. An elastic inclined wall provides higher Nu, while thermal performance improvements in the range of 3.6–6% are achieved when varying the elastic modulus of the wall. When using a perforated porous plate and increasing its permeability, 22.8% increments of average Nu are obtained. A vented cavity without a plate and elastic wall provides the highest thermal performance in the absence of a magnetic field, while using a porous plate with an elastic wall results in higher Nu when a magnetic field is used.

Numerical Study of Thermo-Electric Conversion for TEG Mounted Wavy Walled Triangular Vented Cavity Considering Nanofluid with Different-Shaped Nanoparticles

The effects of the combined utilization of wavy wall and different nanoparticle shapes in heat transfer fluid for a thermoelectric generator (TEG) mounted vented cavity are numerically analyzed. A triangular wave form of the cavity is used, while spherical and cylindrical-shaped alumina nanoparticles are used in water up to a loading amount of 0.03 as solid volume fraction. The impacts of wave amplitude on flow and output power features are significant compared to those of the wave number. The increment in the generated power is in the range of 74.48–92.4% when the wave amplitude is varied. The nanoparticle shape and loading amount are effective in the rise of the TEG power, while by using cylindrical-shaped nanoparticles, higher powers are produced as compared to spherical ones. The rise in the TEG power by the highest loading amount is achieved as 50.7% with cylindrical-shaped particles, while it is only 4% with spherical-shaped ones. Up to a 194% rise of TEG power is attained by using the triangular wavy form of the wall and including cylindrical-shaped nanoparticles as compared to a flat-walled cavity using only pure fluid.

Forced convection of nanofluid in double vented cavity system separated by perforated conductive plate under magnetic field

In this study, forced convection in a double vented cavity system separated by a perforated conductive partition plate is studied under magnetic field effects. Nanofluid is used while two phase modeling approach is adopted. The conjugate thermal system is studied for different values of Reynolds number (250–1000), Hartmann number (0–50), and conductivity ratio (0.01–100). Variations of the size and inner part of the conductive plate are also considered while solid volume fraction of nanoparticles is taken as 0.03. Thermal performance improvements are observed by increasing the Reynolds number and conductivity ratio. When nanofluid is used instead of pure fluid, the average Nusselt number (Nu) increment becomes 9% at the lowest and highest Reynolds number cases. When magnetic field is activated, the highest variation in the average Nu is seen for the left upper part while the amount becomes 14%. The Nu increments become 240% for the left upper part when lowest and highest conductivity cases are compared while this amount is 18% when all hot walls are considered. When full partition and perforated plate partitions are compared, less than 1.5% in the variation of thermal performance is achieved while 29.6% reduction in the volume of the partition is seen. Using perforated partitions is recommended as it results in the reduction of the material, cost and weight of the overall thermo-fluid system.