Venous Blood Research Articles

Case report: A study on the pathological diagnosis of oral fibrosarcoma in a giant panda

A female giant panda presented with a large, hard mass on the right cheek, which was investigated at the Dujiangyan Base of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda with computed tomography (CT) scans and biopsy of the oral mass, as well as venous blood sampling. Hematological tests revealed elevated levels of the tumor marker CA724, along with infectious disease, anemia, hepatic damage, and renal failure. Imaging studies identified a soft tissue mass in the right cheek area. Macroscopic pathological changes, histopathological features, and immunohistochemical analysis were consistent with a low-grade malignant fibrosarcoma within the oral cavity, indicating malignant potential. This case represents the first report of an oral tumor in a giant panda, providing valuable data for future clinical diagnoses of neoplasms in this species.

Evaluating agreement between separate capillary sampling sites and venous concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate measured by a point-of-care device and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is recommended as a measure of ketosis and is often assessed by capillary samples on point-of-care (POC) meters. However, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is considered the gold standard for assessing venous samples. The POC device KetoSureTM is recommended only for capillary samples from finger pricks. So far, KetoSureTM has not been compared to LC–MS/MS just as it has not been evaluated if the sampling site influences the BHB concentration. Blood samples were collected from 16 healthy, fasting individuals before and after ingestion of ketone monoester. BHB concentrations were measured in capillary samples from the earlobe and fingertip, and in venous blood using KetoSureTM. Venous plasma samples were collected for BHB quantification using LC–MS/MS. No sign of significant difference between values of BHB measured from the two capillary sampling sites were found. Interestingly, significantly higher values of BHB were measured in capillary samples compared to venous samples reflecting a systematic proportional relationship. No systematic difference was observed in the measured BHB concentrations when comparing KetoSureTM and LC–MS/MS results: However, a significant mean bias of 32% reflects a skewness at very low BHB concentrations. In conclusion, capillary BHB concentration did not exhibit variation between the earlobe and fingertip. Conversely, a significant bias was observed between venous and capillary blood and between the POC and LC–MS/MS methods. It is recommended that caution be exercised if individual monitoring of BHB changes encompasses both capillary and venous sampling.

Capillary blood is not accurate in predicting blood ammonia values using an ammonia point-of-care test in dogs.

To compare results for blood ammonia (BA) concentrations measured with a point-of-care (POC) device versus commercial diagnostic assay (CDA) for venous and capillary blood samples from dogs with normal BA and hyperammonemia. Dogs were prospectively enrolled from January 2024 through July 2024 and grouped as being healthy (controls), having liver disease with normal BA, or having liver disease with hyperammonemia. All dogs had BA concentrations determined with a venous sample run on a CDA, a venous sample run on an ammonia POC device (POC venous [POC-V] method), and a capillary blood sample run on an ammonia POC device (POC capillary [POC-C] method). The results were compared across methods. 46 dogs were enrolled: 15 healthy dogs and 31 dogs with liver disease with normal BA (n = 16) or hyperammonemia (n = 15). The mean biases for BA concentration as measured with the POC-V and POC-C methods compared with the CDA method were -54.3 µg/dL (95% CI, -76.8 to 32.0) and 1.4 µg/dL (95% CI, -36.0 to 38.7), respectively. The mean bias of the POC-C method versus the POC-V method was 55.7 µg/dL (95% CI, 30.4 to 81.0). For the 31 dogs with CDA results for BA within reference limits, all were similarly classified with the POC-V method, whereas 25 of 31 (81%) were classified as normal with the POC-C method. The BA in the POC-V and POC-C groups was, on average, underestimated when compared to the CDA. The BA in the POC-C group was consistently overestimated when compared to the POC-V group. Although both POC methods had good agreement in the classification of normal BA values, venous (vs capillary) samples yielded better results. The use of a POC device to measure BA in venous blood, but not capillary blood, may be an alternative to CDAs in emergency settings.

Evaluation of Hematological Parameters Pre and Post Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients at the National Cancer Institute in Sudan at Khartoum state, Sudan

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide, including in Sudan. Chemotherapy, a primary treatment modality, often results in hematological toxicity, impacting patients' overall health and treatment efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the changes in hematological parameters in breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy in the Sudanese population. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted at the National Cancer Institute in Sudan at Khartoum state, Sudan. During the period of June 2022 to December 2022. A total of one hundred (N=100) female breast cancer patients scheduled for chemotherapy were enrolled.50 sample before initiation chemotherapy, and fifty (50) samples after first cycle of chemotherapy from same patients. And fifty (50) samples from the healthy individuals as control group. Venous blood was obtained, then CBC determined using hematology analyzer (Sysmex: XP-300). Hematological parameters, including Red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) count, and platelet count, and differential counts, were measured before the initiation of chemotherapy and after the completion of the first cycle. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to determine the significance of changes in these parameters. Results: Significant reductions were observed in RBC levels (mean pre-chemotherapy: (3.8± 1.1) g/dL, mean post-chemotherapy: (2.1± 1.1); p<0.001) and WBC counts (mean pre-chemotherapy: 13.9 ± 1.9 x 10^3/μL, mean post-chemotherapy: 4.1 ± 1.9 x 10^3/μL; p<0.001). Platelet counts also decreased significantly (mean pre-chemotherapy: 661.8 ± 128.5 x 10^3/μL, mean post-chemotherapy: 182.4 ± 125.5 x 10^3/μL; p<0.01). Breast cancer patients before initiation the first cycle of chemotherapy show significant low in RBCs count (3.8 ± 1.1) when compared with control group (4.8 ± 0.4) (p = 0.000). Also, significant high in WBCS count (13.9 ± 1.9) when compared with control group (5.9 ± 1.3) (p = 0.000) and high PLTs count (661.8 ± 128.5) when compared with control group (262.7 ± 73.4) (p =0.000). And decrease in three parameters (pancytopenia) RBCs, WBCS, and PLTs count (2.7 ± 0.7) (4.1 ± 2.3) (182.4 ± 102.4) respectively when compared with control group (4.8 ± 0.4) (5.9 ± 1.3) (262.7 ± 73.4) (p =0.000) to all, when start the first cycle of chemotherapy. Conclusion: Chemotherapy in breast cancer patients leads to significant hematological changes, predominantly anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. These findings underscore the need for close monitoring of hematological parameters during chemotherapy to manage potential toxicities and optimize treatment outcomes for breast cancer patients in Sudan.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue compensates for the perturbations in circulating one-carbon metabolism in women with gestational diabetes.

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising and poses important health risks for the mother, developing fetus and offspring, even when maternal glycemic control is well managed. This study aimed to identify the differently expressed metabolites (DEMs) in maternal plasma between GDM pregnancies with good glycemic control and healthy pregnancies, along with the DEMs-related metabolism in adipose tissue. Pregnant women with scheduled caesarean sections were recruited. Venous blood samples were collected on the day prior to delivery for targeted metabolomics analysis focusing on the 200 polar metabolites in central carbon metabolism. Subcutaneous and omental white adipose tissue (sWAT and oWAT) were harvested at delivery. A total of 162 metabolites were quantified, revealing 2 up-regulated (D-glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), succinate) and 8 down-regulated DEMs, which exhibited a fold change of ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.67, respectively. Among the down-regulated DEMs, 5 metabolites-pyridoxine, glycine, S-methyl-L-cysteine, methionine, and S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine-are related to one-carbon metabolism (OCM). In response to perturbation in circulating OCM, boosted methionine cycle, NAD + metabolism, and adipogenesis were observed in sWAT of GDM subjects, with no changes detected in oWAT. None of the 10 DEMs correlates with either blood glucose or insulin, but showed significant correlations with TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C. The present study indicates that sWAT compensates for the perturbations in circulating OCM associated with GDM and targeting to the OCM may be an effective strategy to control the long-term metabolic risk of GDM offsprings.

Biodistribution and dosimetry of [177Lu]Lu-SibuDAB in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Several prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radiopharmaceuticals have been used for the treatment of metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In an attempt to improve the tumour accumulation, new PSMA ligands were developed with an albumin-binding entity to enhance the blood circulation and, hence, tumour accumulation. In preclinical studies, [177Lu]Lu-SibuDAB, a radiopharmaceutical with moderate albumin-binding properties, outperformed [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetry of [177Lu]Lu-SibuDAB in patients diagnosed mCRPC. Seventeen patients (median age 72 years, range 63‒83) diagnosed with progressive disease of mCRPC were included in this prospective study after exhausting all available treatment options. They were injected with 5.3 ± 0.5 GBq (mean ± standard deviation) [177Lu]Lu-SibuDAB as a first treatment cycle. Sixteen of these patients underwent sequential whole-body SPECT/CT and activity determination in venous blood samples for dosimetry purposes. Absorbed doses to the salivary glands, liver, spleen, kidneys, and red marrow as well as selected tumour lesions were calculated in OLINDA/EXM™ and compared to published values for previously established PSMA radiopharmaceuticals. Absorbed dose coefficients (ADC) to tumours (9.9 ± 5.4 Gy/GBq) were about 2-fold higher than those reported for clinically approved PSMA radiopharmaceuticals. ADC to salivary glands, liver, spleen, kidneys and red marrow were higher (0.5 ± 0.2, 0.2 ± 0.05, 0.2 ± 0.1, 1.8 ± 0.6, 0.1 ± 0.04 Gy/GBq, respectively) than for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T, but lower than for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56, a previously investigated long-circulating PSMA radiopharmaceutical. The tumour-to-kidneys, tumour-to-red marrow, tumour-to-salivary glands ADC ratio were 6.6, 102, 33.1. These ratios were comparable to those of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T for kidneys and red-marrow, but higher for salivary glands. [177Lu]Lu-SibuDAB showed a prolonged blood circulation time and, hence, a significantly increased absorbed tumour dose, while tumour-to-organ ADC ratios were similar to conventional PSMA radiopharmaceuticals. Further clinical investigations to evaluate the efficacy and safety of [177Lu]Lu-SibuDAB are, thus, warranted.

Immunogenicity and safety of a live attenuated varicella vaccine in children aged 1 to 12 years: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-controlled phase III clinical trial in China

ABSTRACT Chickenpox outbreaks frequently occur in collective settings such as kindergartens and schools, posing a significant threat to children’s physical and mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the freeze-dried live attenuated varicella vaccine (VarV) developed by Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co. LTD. in healthy participants aged 1–12 years. In this phase III, single-center, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial,1,200 healthy participants randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive one dose of either the test vaccine or the active control vaccine. Venous blood samples were collected before vaccination and 42 days after vaccination, and the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay was used to detect VZV antibody. Adverse events (AEs) observed within 42 days after vaccination and serious adverse events (SAEs) within six months after vaccination were recorded. The seroconversion rates in the test and control groups were 96.79% and 96.43%, respectively, with a difference of 0.36% (95% CI, −1.76%–2.48%). The geometric mean titers (GMTs) were 61.74 and 58.04, respectively, with a difference of 1.06 (95% CI, 0.92–1.23). The lower limits of the 95% CI for the differences in seroconversion rates and GMT ratios between the two groups were greater than their respective pre-set non-inferiority margins. The overall incidence of AEs (p = .0112) in the test group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The freeze-dried live attenuated VarV developed by Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co. LTD. demonstrated good immunogenicity and higher safety compared to the active control vaccine in healthy participants aged 1–12 years.

Steroid hormone concentrations in dried blood spots: A comparison between capillary and venous blood samples.

An important aspect of the shift towards dried blood spots (DBS) as a sample matrix for laboratory measurements, is the availability of robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods that can reliably quantify analyte concentrations in DBS. The development and validation of these LC-MS/MS methods, however, concerns an extensive process, for which large amounts of DBS samples are required. DBS are usually obtained from capillary blood samples, but they can also be prepared from venous (residual) blood samples, which are widely available in clinical laboratories. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether DBS prepared from (residual) venous blood samples, collected in EDTA blood tubes, can be used for future development and validation of LC-MS/MS methods to quantify steroid hormones in DBS. Capillary DBS and venous blood samples (EDTA tube and tube without additives) were collected from twenty healthy volunteers (12F/8M). From both venous blood samples, DBS were prepared volumetrically. Samples were analyzed using in-house developed LC-MS/MS methods for testosterone, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, and for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). DBS made from venous blood collected in EDTA tubes compared with capillary blood showed a correlation coefficient of ≥ 0.89 for all steroid hormones except corticosterone (0.67). DBS made from venous blood collected in tubes without additives showed a strong correlation with both DBS made from venous blood collected in EDTA tubes (≥0.97 for all steroid hormones) and capillary DBS (>0.90) except corticosterone (0.64). DBS prepared from (residual) venous blood collected in EDTA blood tubes can be used for future development and validation of LC-MS/MS methods to quantify steroid hormones, except for corticosterone, in capillary DBS.

Relationship Between Venous Blood and Dermal Interstitial Fluid Alcohol Concentration After Heathy Volunteers Consume Alcohol Using a Novel Ambulatory Biosensor

Relationship Between Venous Blood and Dermal Interstitial Fluid Alcohol Concentration After Heathy Volunteers Consume Alcohol Using a Novel Ambulatory Biosensor

Serum iodine concentration in pregnant women and its association with thyroid function.

This study aims to investigate the association of serum iodine concentration (SIC) with thyroid function-associated parameters in pregnant women in mild iodine deficient area, and explore its potential to predict individual iodine nutrition status in pregnant women. A total of 741 pregnant women undergoing prenatal examinations in their second trimester at the Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from March 2021 to May 2022 were finally recruited into the study. Venous blood and morning urine were collected. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyro-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), UIC (urinary iodine concentration) and SIC were measured. The median SIC was 54.44 μg/L. SIC was linearly and positively associated with concentrations of FT4 [ β = 0.10, 95 % CI: (0.07, 0.12), TT4 [ β = 0.29, 95 % CI: (0.26, 0.33), TT3 [ β = 0.14, 95 % CI: (0.09, 0.18). There was an inverted "U" shaped relationship between SIC and FT3. The associations between SIC and thyroid hormones remained robust when participants taking specific drug were excluded. SIC is associated with thyroid function-related parameters in pregnant women in their second trimester, indicating that the SIC may have the potential to predict individual iodine nutrition status in pregnant women.

The prognostic role of iron deficiency in acute ischemic stroke patients: A prospective multicentric cohort study.

Iron deficiency (ID) is a prognostic factor in heart failure and acute coronary syndrome. However, its role in cerebrovascular diseases is controversial. We aimed to determine the impact of ID on the functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients. This was an observational prospective multicentric cohort study. From January to December 2023, we enrolled acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to the stroke units of four comprehensive stroke centers. Venous blood samples were collected at admission to determine the iron status (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin). ID was defined as a serum ferritin concentration<100ng/mL or 100-299ng/mL with transferrin saturation (TSAT) <20%. The primary endpoint was the poor functional outcome at 90days defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 3-6. We used binary logistic regression models including confounding factors to test the association between ID and the primary outcome. The analysis included 442 patients (mean age 73±13, 47.5% female, median NIHSS 7 [IQR 3-15], 61.3% treated with intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular treatment). ID prevalence was 65.6%. In all binary logistic regression models, ID predicted poor functional outcome at 3months irrespective from demographics, stroke severity and characteristics, anemia, risk factors, signs/symptoms of heart failure, glucose at admission, and inflammatory biomarkers (aOR 2.328, 95% CI 1.272-4.263, p=0.006). ID was strongly associated with poor functional outcome at 90days in acute ischemic stroke patients. Further research is required to explore whether iron supplementation could be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve patient outcomes.

WCN25-2391 Acid-Bace Balance of Renal Venous Blood in Patients with Secondary Hypertension

WCN25-2391 Acid-Bace Balance of Renal Venous Blood in Patients with Secondary Hypertension

Clinical Efficacy of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Combined With Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Nursing in the Treatment of Biliary Tract Complications After Liver Transplantation.

This study explored the clinical efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) comprehensive nursing in treating biliary tract complications (BTCs) after liver transplantation (LT). A total of 124 patients with BTCs after LT were screened and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. Both groups of patients underwent ERCP treatment and patients in the control group received conventional nursing, and those in the experimental group received TCM comprehensive nursing on top of the control group. The clinical efficacy after 1 month of intervention was recorded. Before intervention and 1 month after intervention, fasting venous blood was collected to detect the levels of hepatic function indicators alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The negative emotions of the patients were evaluated by using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the quality-of-life scores were determined by using the Quality-of-Life Scale. Postintervention complications, such as pancreatitis, hyperamylasemia, and reflux cholangitis, were recorded. The total effective rate in the experimental group (90.32%) was higher than that in the control group (72.58%). ALT, AST, SAS, and SDS scores of the 2 groups after treatment were lower than before treatment, and the scores of quality of life were higher. Greater improvements were observed in the experimental group. The complication rate of the experimental group (3.23%) was lower than that of the control group (22.58%) (P<0.05). ERCP combined with TCM comprehensive nursing for patients with BTCs after LT can effectively reduce anxiety and depression, improve the quality of life, and reduce the incidence of complications.

Post-vaccination campaign evaluation of systemic and mucosal immunity of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine in Karachi, Pakistan (2020-2021): a cross-sectional study.

The transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV1) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) continues to be a major Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Currently, only Afghanistan and Pakistan remain polio-endemic for WPV1. In response to the co-circulation of VDPV2 with WPV1, the Technical Advisory Group of WHO had recommended two nationwide campaigns of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) for children aged <5 years in Pakistan in 2020. We assessed the humoral and mucosal immune responses in children who received two doses of tOPV (during vaccination campaigns) in Karachi, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four peri-urban sites (Cattle Colony, Ibrahim Hyderi, Ali Akber Shah, Rehri Goth) Karachi, Pakistan. Venous blood samples from children aged between 1 month and 5 years were obtained. Children who were acutely ill, requiring hospitalisation, with primary immunodeficiency, or with a chronic medical illness, were excluded from the study. Stool and serum testing was performed at the National Institute of Health, Pakistan. Sera samples were analysed using microneutralization assays to quantify polio antibodies for all three serotypes: type 1, 2, and 3. The stool samples collected at baseline, 7, 14, and 28 days (after each tOPV dose) were tested for the presence of poliovirus. Of 285 eligible children, 225 had received both tOPV doses and provided three analysable blood samples, and 193 children provided seven viable stool samples. The seroconversion rate for type 2 was 72% (44/61, 95% CI: 59.8-81.8) after the first tOPV dose; cumulative seroconversion after two doses was 93.4% (95% CI: 84.3-97.4). Seven days after the first and second tOPV campaigns, 32.7% and 18.6% excreted Sabin (vaccine) poliovirus type 2, respectively. The study demonstrated enhanced mucosal immunity as well as a high type 2 seroconversion rate and antibody seroprevalence after two tOPV campaigns. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.

An observational study of alveolar-derived autologous blood clot used in regenerative endodontic treatment for immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis.

This study introduces the alveolar-derived autologous blood (ADAB) clot, obtained by maxillary alveolar bone puncture, as a novel scaffold for regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). The purpose of this study is to verify the feasibility of using ADAB clots in RET by evaluating their cellular content, postoperative pain intensity, and clinical outcomes in the management of immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis. Blood routine examinations were performed to analyze the cell content of peripheral venous blood (PVB) and ADAB. Postoperative pain intensity scores were recorded using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at four time points: upon complete recovery from anesthesia, and at 12, 24, and 48h postoperatively. Five immature premolars with pulp necrosis were treated by RET with ADAB clots. Radiographic root area (RRA) was analyzed using ImageJ software on oral radiographs obtained immediately after treatment and at the final follow-up (6-18months). The percentage difference in cell types between two groups (n = 8 per group) were not significant, except for blood platelets (PLT). The PLT count in the ADAB group (133.38 ± 119.62) was approximately half that of the PVB group (268.88 ± 52.82). Postoperative pain (n = 9) was predominantly mild upon anesthesia recovery and at 12h postoperatively, while the majority of participants reported no pain at 24 and 48h postoperatively. The mean RRA (0.50 ± 0.11) in the final recall radiographs was significantly larger than that in the immediate postoperative radiographs (0.35 ± 0.16) (P = 0.046 < 0.05). Based on this study, the ADAB clot shows potential as an alternative scaffold for RET. Because it can be obtained via maxillary terminal alveolar bone paracentesis with mild postoperative pain intensity and successfully promotes root regrowth. However, the coagulation time of ADAB may be longer than that of PVB, and root regrowth outcomes appear to depend on the developmental stage of the tooth. Hence, further clinical trials are necessary to comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy of the ADAB clot. Compared to autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) derived from PVB, ADAB clots offer advantages in RET, especially in cases where periapical bleeding is insufficient to fill the root canals. ADAB clots can be prepared independently by dentists without the need for a qualified nurse for blood collection or specialized centrifugation equipment. Furthermore, the volume of blood required to fabricate an ADAB clot is less than that needed for APCs from PVB.

Are mechanical and electromechanical methods accurately interchangeable for measuring plasma prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time? A comparative analysis study and potential implication to cardiovascular disease

INTRODUCTION: The DT100 offers both optical and mechanical modes, with its mechanical mode showing better homogenization than the STAGO, but comparative study is limited. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) measurements using the DT100 and STAGO instruments. METHODS: Designated as a cross-sectional study, this study was conducted at RSUD Dr. Soetomo from October 2022 to January 2023. Venous blood samples with plasma citrate anticoagulant 0.109 M 3.2% were consecutively collected from hospitalized patients, and all samples underwent testing using both the DT100 in mechanical mode (DT100, TCoag Ireland Limited, Ireland) and the STAGO employing an electromechanical method (Compact Max3, STAGO, France). Statistical analysis included comparison using Paired t-test, Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis to assess agreement between the results obtained from the two instruments. RESULTS: The study included 51 patients. PT levels were significantly lower with the DT100 compared to STAGO (MD: -2.0; 95%CI: (-2.30) – (-1.3); p&lt;0.0001), and showed a strong positive correlation between methods (r:0.9535; p&lt;0.0001). However, Bland-Altman analysis for PT showed a bias of 1.84, with limits of agreement (3.30-0.37), indicating systematic differences and variability. APTT levels were significantly higher with DT100 compared to STAGO (MD:3.60; 95%CI: 2.13–5.07; p&lt;0.0001), with a moderate positive correlation (r:0.6690; p&lt;0.0001). For APTT, bias of Bland-Altman analysis was -3.60, with limits ((-9.84) – (2.64)), suggesting significant discrepancies and variability between methods. CONCLUSION: The study found significant variability in PT and APTT measurements between the DT100 and STAGO methods. Keywords: Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, mechanical method, DT100 TCoag, STAGO Compact Max 3

A validated method for capillary phosphatidylethanol (PEth) 16:0/18:1 quantification with two different 10 µL volumetric absorptive microsample (VAMS) devices in the same set-up.

There is a growing interest for quantification of drugs in capillary blood. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a biomarker for alcohol intake measured in whole blood, thus making it a candidate for capillary sampling. Our laboratory has been running a method for PEth quantification in venous blood since 2016 and we aimed to expand this method to also include capillary dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Two 10 µL volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) devices, Capitainer®B Vanadate and Mitra® were included in the method development and validated. Calibrators and quality controls were spiked during the automatic sample extraction without the VAMS devices present, making it possible to extract and analyze both types of VAMS samples in the same set-up. With the Mitra device all pre-established validation criteria were fulfilled in the measuring range 0.03-4.0 µM (21-2812 ng/mL), including method comparison with our venous blood method. Capitainer fulfilled all validation criteria, except for the accuracy of samples with PEth levels ≥ 0.5 µM (≥ 352 ng/mL) (deviation -17.1 to -20.5%). The correlation analysis between Capitainer and the venous blood results showed no constant bias, but an acceptable small proportional mean difference of -7.6%. Overall, the method validation results for both Capitainer and Mitra were considered acceptable. Both devices were found suitable for the analyses of PEth.

Accuracy of two-compartment modelling of gas exchange with ventilation-perfusion mismatch in inhalational anesthesia.

Multi-compartment computer models of heterogeneity in alveolar ventilation-perfusion ratios (VA/Q scatter) across the lung explain the significant alveolar-arterial (A-a) partial pressure gradients and associated alveolar dead-space fractions (VDA/VA) seen in anesthetized patients for both carbon dioxide and for anesthetic gases of different blood solubilities. However, the accuracy of a simpler two-compartment model of VA/Q scatter to do this has not been tested or compared to calculations from the traditional Riley model with "ideal", unventilated (shunt) and unperfused (deadspace) compartments. Measurements of gas partial pressures in inspired and expired gas and arterial and mixed venous blood from 29 patients undergoing inhalational general anesthesia for cardiac surgery was used to compare the accuracy of two simple models of VA/Q scatter and lung gas exchange in predicting measured alveolar and arterial partial pressure differences, and associated alveolar dead-space calculations for the modern anesthetic gases isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane. These models were the Riley model, and a two-compartment model with reciprocal proportions of allocation of VA and Q, with and without additional true-shunt. A multi-compartment "log-normal" model was also tested. Mean (95% confidence interval) of the measured alveolar dead-space fraction for the three anesthetic gases G combined (VDA/VAG) was 0.557 (0.523, 0.592). Mean VDA/VAG from the two-compartment model incorporating an additional true-shunt lung compartment (0.539 (0.498, 0.580) was similar to the measured value (p = 0.347), and was 0.501 (0.457, 0.546) without a true-shunt compartment. The log-normal model outputs were 0.491 (0.453, 0.529)). The Riley model outputs for VDA/VAG severely underestimated this (0.327 (0.294, 0.361)). Satisfactory prediction of the A-a partial pressure gradients and alveolar dead-space for the modern volatile anesthetic gases measured in vivo requires a model with more than one gas-exchanging lung compartments, which the traditional Riley model lacks. A simple "reciprocal" two-compartment model achieves this.

Assessment of serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2’ deoxyguanosine and f2-isoprostanes in newly diagnosed adult hypertensive with clinical depression in NAUTH, Nnewi, Nigeria

Despite the high prevalence of depression and hypertension, the relationship between the two diseases has received little attention. The potential roles of some biomarkes of oxidative stress in disease progression and management is very crucial. Aim: The present study therefore, evaluated the serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2’ deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and F-2 isoprostanes in newly diagnosed hypertensive individuals with and without depression at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Method: This was a cross sectional study carried out on randomly selected 121 consented adult male and female participants within the ages of 18-65 years which comprises 30 newly diagnosed hypertensive individuals without depression (Hypertensive), 31 hypertensive individuals with depression selected from the department of internal medicine. 30 non hypertensive with depression (Depressive) and 30 apparently healthy non-hypertensive individuals without depression which served as control selected among the hospital staff. Their bio-data was obtained from their hospital records. 3 ml of venous blood were collected from each of the participants, dispensed into a plain container, centrifuged and serum separated into another container and stored at -20 0C for the assessment of serum 8-OHdG using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Method. Result: The result showed that Hypertensive individuals with and without clinical depression (107.08±22.05, 129.16±82.49) had significantly higher serum level of 8-OHdG when compared with control group (53.95±28.25) (P&lt;0.05 respectively). Hypertensive individuals (129.16±82.49) also had significantly higher 8-OHdG level when compared with non-hypertensive with depression (63.31±37.30) (P&lt;0.05). Hypertensive individuals with depression (9.94±7.14) and depressive individuals (8.99±5.84) also had significantly higher F2-Isoprostanes level when compared with control (5.15±1.47) (P&lt;0.05 respectively). There was a moderately strong positive correlation between 8-OHdG level and body mass index in both hypertensive and depressive individuals (r=0.682, P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The study observed higher 8-OHdG and F2-Isoprostanes in individuals with hypertension with and without clinical depression. In addition, there is evidence that oxidative stress is related to inflammation and endothelial activation in individuals with both conditions leading to disease severity.

Angiogenic factors alone or in combination with ultrasound Doppler criteria for risk classification among late-onset small fetuses with or without pre-eclampsia.

To investigate the prognostic value of maternal angiogenic factors in late-onset small fetuses, alone or in combination with the ultrasound and Doppler parameters currently used for the classification of low-risk small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses or high-risk fetal growth restriction (FGR), overall and according to the presence or absence of pre-eclampsia. This was a prospective cohort study of women with a singleton pregnancy with a diagnosis of late-onset fetal smallness (defined as birth weight < 10th centile) and a gestational age of ≥ 34 weeks at delivery. Ultrasound assessment of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and Doppler assessment of uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) were performed every 1-2 weeks. Biochemical analysis of the angiogenic factors placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) in maternal peripheral venous blood samples was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay within 1-2 weeks after diagnosis of SGA or FGR. The primary outcome was adverse perinatal outcome, defined as a composite of emergency Cesarean section for non-reassuring fetal status, metabolic acidosis (umbilical artery pH < 7.0), neonatal unit admission and/or perinatal death. The predictive value of EFW < 3rd centile, Doppler parameters (UtA-PI > 95th centile and CPR < 5th centile) and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio > 95th centile, alone or in combination, was assessed using logistic regression analysis in the overall population and stratified by presence or absence of pre-eclampsia developing at any time before delivery. Among the 602 included cases, 91 (15.1%) developed pre-eclampsia and 511 (84.9%) did not. In the overall study population, all parameters were associated independently with adverse perinatal outcome: EFW < 3rd centile (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.58 (95% CI, 1.67-4.00)), UtA-PI > 95th centile (aOR, 1.92 (95% CI, 1.25-2.94)), CPR < 5th centile (aOR, 2.35 (95% CI, 1.46-3.78)) and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio > 95th centile (aOR, 1.71 (95% CI, 1.09-2.69)). Only sFlt-1/PlGF ratio > 95th centile was associated independently with adverse perinatal outcome in cases with pre-eclampsia, whereas in those without pre-eclampsia, only EFW < 3rd centile and CPR < 5th centile were associated independently with adverse perinatal outcome. In the overall population, the detection rate (DR) and false-positive rate for adverse perinatal outcome were, respectively: 39.8% (95% CI, 31.7-47.9%) and 16.9% (95% CI, 10.7-23.1%) for sFlt-1/PlGF ratio > 95th centile alone; 86.8% (95% CI, 83.4-90.2%) and 61.9% (95% CI, 57.1-66.7%) for a combined model of EFW < 3rd centile, UtA-PI > 95th centile and CPR < 5th centile; 81.3% (95% CI, 77.3-85.3%) and 52.3% (95% CI, 47.1-57.5%) for a combined model of EFW < 3rd centile and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio > 95th centile; and 88.5% (95% CI, 85.4-91.6%) and 64.5% (95% CI, 59.8-69.2%) for a combined model including all the abovementioned observed parameters. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio alone had a low predictive value for adverse perinatal outcome, but when combined with EFW, its predictive performance was similar to that of EFW combined with Doppler parameters. Combining sFlt-1/PlGF ratio with EFW and Doppler criteria achieved the highest DR for adverse perinatal outcome, and additionally, might help to identify imminent pre-eclampsia in pregnancies complicated by fetal smallness. These findings support the use of angiogenic factors as an additional criterion to those currently used for identifying high-risk FGR among late-onset small fetuses, but do not support their use as a standalone biomarker. © 2025 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.