Vena Cava Tissue Research Articles

Long non-coding RNA crnde promotes deep vein thrombosis by sequestering miR-181a-5p away from thrombogenic Pcyox1l

BackgroundDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an interplay of genetic and acquired risk factors, where functional interactions in lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks contribute to disease pathogenesis. Based on the high-throughput transcriptome sequencing prediction, we have assessed the contribution of lncRNA Crnde/miR-181a-5p/Pcyox1l axis to thrombus formation.MethodsDVT was modeled in mice by inferior vena cava stenosis, and inferior vena cava tissues were harvested for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. The key miRNA binding to Crnde and Pcyox1l was obtained through searching the RNAInter and mirWalk databases. The binding affinity between Crnde, miR-181a-5p, and Pcyox1l was examined by FISH, dual luciferase reporter gene, RNA pull-down, and RIP assays. Functional experiments were conducted in DVT mouse models to assess thrombus formation and inflammatory injury in inferior vena cava.ResultsIt was noted that Crnde and Pcyox1l were upregulated in the blood of DVT mice. Crnde competitively bound to miR-181a-5p and inhibited miR-181a-5p expression, and Pcyox1l was the downstream target gene of miR-181a-5p. Silencing of Crnde or restoration of miR-181a-5p reduced inflammatory injury in the inferior vena cava, thus curtailing thrombus formation in mice. Ectopic expression of Pcyox1l counterweighed the inhibitory effect of Crnde silencing.ConclusionsTherefore, Crnde sequesters miR-181a-5p to release Pcyox1l expression via ceRNA mechanism, thus aggravating thrombus formation in DVT.

Impact of repeated intravenous infusions of umbilical cord-derived versus bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on angiogenesis in a pregnant experimentally induced deep venous thrombosis rat model.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) therapy during pregnancy warrants special consideration for the woman and the fetus. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in terms of pro-angiogenic capacity and amelioration of pregnancy outcomes. The pregnant DVT rat model was successfully established by the "stenosis" method. Three consecutive injections of both UC-MSCs and BM-MSCs improved angiogenesis and ameliorated the embryo absorption rate in pregnant SD rats with DVT, in which UC-MSCs promoted angiogenesis more significantly. Furthermore, the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were significantly higher in the UC-MSC group compared to those of the BM-MSC group. Thereafter, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in thrombosed inferior vena cava tissues in the UC-MSC and BM-MSC groups were identified using transcriptome sequencing and further assessed by RT-qPCR and western blotting. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the enriched DEG terms occurred in the cytokine activity, and the DEG pathways were significantly enriched in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. In addition, both the mRNA and protein levels of angiogenic genes and their receptors, including VEGF-A, VEGF receptor-1, EGF, and EGF receptor, were significantly higher in the UC-MSC group. In conclusion, the BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs both significantly stimulate angiogenesis and ameliorate the embryo absorption rate in pregnant SD rats with DVT, but the difference in cytokine secretion causes UC-MSCs to have more potent angiogenic effects than BM-MSCs.

Failure properties of vena cava tissue due to deep penetration during filter insertion.

In this work, we use an in-vitro mechanical test to explore the resistance of biaxially stretched vena cava tissue against deep perforation and a methodology which integrates experimental and numerical modeling to identify constitutive fracture properties of the vena cava. Six sheep vena cava were harvested just after killing, and cyclic uniaxial tension tests in longitudinal and circumferential directions and biaxial deep penetration tests were performed. After that, we use a nonlinear finite element model to simulate in vitro penetration of the cava tissue in order to fit the fracture properties under penetration of the vena cava by defining a cohesive fracture zone. An iterative process was developed in order to fit the fracture properties of the vena cava using the previously obtained experimental results. The proposed solutions were obtained with fracture energy of 0.22 or 0.33 N/mm. In comparison with the experimental data, the simulation using [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] parameters ([Formula: see text]) is in good agreement with results from penetration experiments of cava tissue. It is noticeable that the parameter estimation process of the fracture behavior is more accurate than the estimation process of the elastic behavior for the toe region of the curve.

Farelerde İntraabdominal Sepsis Modelinde İntravenöz ve İntraperitoneal İnterlökin 10 Lipozom Aracılı Gen Tedavisinin Karşılaştırılması

The most novel approach utilizing IL-10 in sepsis is IL-10 gene delivery in experimental model of sepsis. In our study, we aimed to compare kinetics of intravenous versus intraperitoneal delivery of IL-10 gene transfer in early stages of sepsis. This is a prospective controlled experimental study. Six groups were gathered with 20 Swiss-Albino female mice. Intra-abdominal sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Animals had either intraperitoneal or intravenous IL-10 liposomal gene transfer. Animals were sacrified 24 h after injections, followed by harvest of lung,liver,spleen,vena cava tissues. Immunostaining revealed more prominent staining in liver after intraperitoneal delivery. All endothelial tissues stained with intravenous delivery. There was striking difference between tissue expressions of transgene of animals in CLP intravenous group when compared to other groups. Our results point out that pro-inflammatory action of IL-10 is prominent in intravenous gene delivery which shows itself with induction of zyon. IL-10 still may harbor therapeutical potential which still needs to be explored.

The Uptake of Norepinephrine by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Traditionally, norepinephrine (NE) is thought to elicit its effects by interacting with adrenergic receptors. Our lab recently described another way that NE may propagate a biological signal, by acting as a substrate for transglutaminases. For this modification to be physiologically relevant, NE must be inside of the cell. We hypothesized that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) take up NE via the NE transporter (NET). Western analysis showed that NET was present in whole tissue and cultured VSMC homogenates from rat aorta and vena cava tissues. Immunocytochemical staining for NET in cultured and freshly dissociated VSMCs showed that NET was present in these VSMCs, but not necessarily located on the cell membrane. The ability of VSMCs to take up NE was assessed in the presence of vehicle or 1 μM nisoxetine (NET inhibitor). Uptake by VSMCs was first detected when 10−7 M NE was added to cells (vehicle = 1.2 ± 0.3 μg NE/ng of protein; 10−7NE = 4.3 ± 0.9 μg NE/ng of protein, p<0.05); this was significantly elevated at 10−5 M NE (361.8 ± 43 μg NE/ng of protein, p<0.05). Nisoxetine slightly but significantly reduced uptake of NE when 10−6 and 10−5 M NE was added (10−6 NE = 69.2 ± 0.6; 10−5 NE = 82 ± 13% NE uptake versus vehicle treated, p<0.05). These results suggest that VSMCs are able to take up exogenous NE and that the NET is present in VSMCs, but may not be located solely on the membrane. Supported by NIH P01 HL70687.

Modification of proteins by norepinephrine is important for vascular contraction

Norepinephrine (NE) is thought to mediate its effects through G-protein coupled receptors. However, previous studies have shown that NE and another primary amine, serotonin, also have the ability to exert effects in a receptor-independent manner. We hypothesized that the enzyme transglutaminase II (TG II) has the ability to modify proteins with NE and that this modification is physiologically relevant. As our model we used rat aortic and vena cava tissues, two tissues that depend on NE to modulate vascular tone. Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical staining showed that NE and TG II are present in smooth muscle cells of these tissues. Western analysis shows aorta and vena cava homogenate proteins are recognized by an antibody raised against NE conjugated to bovine serum albumin (NE-BSA). NE and α-actin colocalize in cultured aorta and vena cava smooth muscle cells. Freshly dissociated smooth muscle cells from these vessels were able to take up NE-biotin. In isolated tissue baths, inhibition of TG II with cystamine (0.5 mM) completely abolished NE-induced contraction in the aorta but only attenuated the receptor-independent contractant KCl (max contraction to 100 mM KCl in cystamine treated = 88.8 ± 7.0% of vehicle treated, p < 0.05). In the vena cava, contraction to NE was abolished with 0.1 mM cystamine and KCl contraction was attenuated (max contraction to 100 mM KCl in cystamine treated = 54.8 ± 7.0% of vehicle treated, p < 0.05). Taken together, these results show that vascular smooth muscle cells take up and utilize NE for the modification of proteins, and that this modification may play an important role in vascular contraction.

Experimental study and constitutive modelling of the passive mechanical properties of the ovine infrarenal vena cava tissue

The passive mechanical properties of the ovine infrarenal vena cava are analysed in this paper. In vivo stretch from 15 venae was measured in order to get data from the physiological situation before harvesting the vessel. Vena cava strips ( n = 64 ) both in longitudinal and circumferential directions were cut and subjected to simple tension tests. Results showed the strongly marked anisotropic character of the caval tissue. The maximal stretch ranges reached in both directions were very different, with the longitudinal range being much higher than the circumferential range in all cases. Three anisotropic constitutive models were used to fit the data obtained from the experiments. Advantages and drawbacks of each of these models are also discussed.

Vena cava as autologous tissue for pulmonary valve substitute

In this study, we report on our first experience with the construction of a valve using autologous vena cava tissue for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Simulating the clinical situation valves were built from tubular pieces of porcine inferior vena cava placed in a PTFE tube and investigated in a pulsatile flow simulator. Based on the given vena cava dimensions, conduits were constructed with diameters of 19 mm in bicuspid or tricuspid and 22 mm and 24 mm in bicuspid configuration. The lowest pressure gradients were observed in the 22 mm vena cava valves in bicuspid configuration (8.6+/-0.5 mmHg) compared to 24 mm valves (10.6+/-0.9 mmHg, P=0.0004) and 19 mm valves (13.4+/-1.5 mmHg, P=0.005). No differences could be found between 19 mm bicuspid and tricuspid valves. Concerning valve opening movements, a complete opening in the 19 mm and a nearly unhindered opening in 22 mm valves were registered. In 24 mm valves opening was incomplete. Leakage was increased in 19 mm bicuspid valves due to leaflet prolapse. In conclusion, construction of a valve mechanism from vena cava tissue is feasible. The in-vitro hemodynamic results are encouraging, animal experiments are ongoing to investigate the midterm function of these valves.

Long-Term Retrieval of Modified G??nther Tulip Vena Cava Filters

We modified the Günther Tulip Filter to allow long-term retrieval and tested this modified filter design in an animal experiment. Fourteen modified Günther Tulip Filters (Celect filter) were inserted percutaneously into the inferior venae cavae of 7 domestic adult sheep (2 filters per animal). Before removal, 3 months after filter placement, cavography was performed and the filters were removed. Subsequently, cavography was obtained to check for any signs of bleeding. All venae cavae were prepared, removed, and macroscopically examined for bleeding. Filter placement was easy and successfully performed in all cases. No thrombi were detected inside the filters. All cases showed some narrowing of the vena cava at the level, where the filter legs were connected with the vessel wall. Neither cavograms after filter removal nor macroscopic examinations of the perivascular vena cava tissue showed any significant bleeding. The modified Günther Tulip Filter allowed for successful and uncomplicated filter removal up to 3 months after placement.

Valve construction with autologous vena cava tissue

Objectives: An ideal substitute for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction does not exist. Pulmonary homograft bears the risk of valve deterioration due to possible foreign body reaction. This study describes the in vitro hemodynamics of a new valve for RVOT reconstruction composed of autologous vena cava tissue.

Right atrial myxoma originating from the inferior vena cava

A patient undergoing successful excision of a right atrial myxoma arising from the inferior vena cava is reported. The rarity of this case prompted a review of the literature in which only 2 other patients with a right atrial myxoma originating from inferior vena cava tissue were found.