Vegetable Fibres Research Articles

Use of iron ore tailings as partial replacement for cement on cementitious composites production with vegetable fibers

The mining industry has been expanding and consequently increasing the associated environmental impacts, especially regarding this process's high volume of iron ore tailings (IOT) disposal. The best way to solve the problems caused by IOT is to develop large-scale utilization technologies that may consume large quantities of it. This study aims to evaluate the influence of incorporating IOTs on the mechanical, physical, microstructural, and morphological properties of extruded fiber-cement reinforced with eucalyptus cellulose pulp. For its use, IOT was characterized by the inhibition index, pozzolanic test, and granulometric, chemical, morphological, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The fiber-cement flat slabs were prepared by replacing cement using 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of IOT and the control treatment, generating specimens measuring 20x30x200mm (height x width x length). The composites were characterized for physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties before and after exposure to weathering by accelerated aging test. This study showed an improvement in fiber durability with the increase in IOT content as a function of the waste’s pozzolanic activity and an improvement in physical properties using 10% cement replaced by IOT. All treatments tested at 28 days presented values within trading standards limits. However, the treatments with 10% and 20% of IOT met the most demanding criteria. Thus, using iron ore waste as a substitute for raw materials in cementitious composites may reduce the difficulties of IOT disposal and save natural resources, leading to more sustainable constructions.

APPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE USE OF FIBERS VIA MACHINE LEARNING ASSISTED DATA MINING - part II

The use of vegetable fibers in place of synthetic fibers has been valued due to the wide applicability of these materials in the automotive, textile, packaging and construction industries This is due to the fact that they have properties such as: biodegradation, less abrasive, low density and excellent thermal, mechanical and acoustic properties. Thus, this document discusses the use of plant fibers as additives in polymeric matrices from a prospective analysis, via data mining, specific on the use of nanoparticles as additives in plant fibers and their characterizations and applications in the last 10 years (2011 to 2021) based on 3,000 articles made available in the SCOPUS and SCIENCE DIRECT databases. For this, an artificial intelligence algorithm, based on machine learning, implemented in the Vosviewer software was used. With it, it was observed the advance of the use of fibers of synthetic and vegetable origin, in recent years, focused on the field of health.

Technological transformation of the bone at the Eneolithic tell settlement of Vitănești, southern Romania (Gumelnița B1 level)

This paper discusses the technological exploitation of bone at the tell settlement of Vitanesti (southern Romania). A total of 307 artefacts from the Gumelnita B1 level were analysed for this study, which can be assigned to four product and sub-product categories (waste, blanks, preforms, finished pieces). At the level of determined bones, the most numerous are those belonging to large species, both domestic and wild mammals. We also note the use of bones belonging to species rarely found in the Eneolithic bone industry (Bos primigenius, Equus ferus, Canis familiaris) in the Lower Danube. At the typological level, bevelled tools predominate, along with pointed tools and projectile points. A varied range of other typological categories includes spatulas, abraded astragalus, spindle whorls, burins, needles, and figurines, among others. The large quantity of preforms proves that the production of the assemblage was carried out in situ. It is an interesting assemblage which proves that the bone pieces were involved in various activities within the Vitanesti community that lived at the end of the 5th millennium BC, from the processing of hides or vegetable fibres to hunting. This assemblage could serve as a reference for future studies, as there are not many comparable assemblages for the same period in Southern Romania.

Assessment of vegetable fiber-matrix adhesion and durability, in cement-based and polymer-based composite: Principles from literature review

This paper presents some principles of research done on the assessment of fiber-matrix adhesion and durability in cement-based and polymer-based composites reinforced with vegetable fibers. Natural vegetable fibers are light, biodegradable and low-cost; however, their compatibility with both matrices - which are generally hydrophobic- is poor, because of their hydrophilic character. This review presents the different strategies proposed in literature to improve (1) interfacial bonding between matrix and fibers and (2) sustainability of composite materials reinforced by vegetable fibers. In order to achieve these goals, searchers investigate chemical or/and physical treatments of fibers and/or matrix modification of composites materials. The impacts of these strategies are followed in terms of mechanical properties, thermal properties, morphology and water absorption of the composite materials. Authors proposed to focus on the influence of aging on these characteristics in order to estimate durability.

Use of animal fiber-reinforcement in construction materials: A review

Although natural fibers (NFs), among which animal fibers (AFs) are found, have been used for millennia as reinforcement scheme of some construction materials (CMs), it is not until recent decades when scientific studies have been carried out to quantitively evaluate the impact of adding NFs into CMs, but with a special focus on vegetal fibers (VFs) over AFs. Nevertheless, there have been several studies addressing the use of AFs in different CMs and, therefore, the need of a systematic review study is evident. To contribute to this research gap, this paper presents a comprehensive review study addressing available scientific information of different types of AFs (e.g., sheep wool fibers (SWFs), chicken feathers fibers (CFFs), human hair fibers (HHFs), pig hair fibers (PHFs), silk fibers (SFs), and dog hair fibers (DHFs)) and also their use in four specific different CMs matrices (i.e., cementitious, gypsum, soil and polymer matrices). This comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science and Science Direct, two of the largest and more prestigious scientific databases, using specific keywords and Boolean operators and the selection of the papers was based on the provision of enough quantitative information of the mixtures (e.g., specific characteristic and dosages of AFs and matrix used) as well as experimental findings. As a result of this study, organized, summarized and sufficient information is provided to support the positive use of AF as reinforcement scheme to improve some physical/thermal/mechanical/damage/durability properties of CMs by taking advantage of the abundance of these resources worldwide. Moreover, the use of AFs might also provide environmental benefits and cost reductions, which are global objectives within the construction sector. Finally, this review study found that there are still several research gaps in the use of particular AFs (e.g., DHFs) as well as combinations between the AFs and the CMs addressed in this study (e.g., effects of PHFs in polymer matrices) and these gaps are recommended as future studies.

A Study of the Properties of Mineral, Chemical, and Vegetable Fibers

A Study of the Properties of Mineral, Chemical, and Vegetable Fibers

Peculiarities of the use of mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus os-treatus and effect on the quality and microstructure of chicken batter

The low energy density and healthier ingredients can replace some or all of the fat in emulsified meat products according to some studies. Meat products with low fat content are the major trends in developing healthier meat products. Attention is drawn that the animal fat is essential for emulsified meat products to enhance the stability, flavor, cooking yield, and texture. As can be noted that compound fat substitutes, such as vegetable protein and carrageenan, vegetable oil and vegetable fibre, cellulose, and water, improved texture better than single fat substitutes. Nevertheless, the character of the emulsified meat product will eventually decrease as the amount of animal fat is reduced. The combination of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms was employed as a fat substitute to replace the pork-back fat in chicken batters in order to create low-fat chicken products. The microstructure, color, texture, and water holding capability of chicken batters were examined. According to the findings, the combination of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus enhanced the cooking yield, texture, water holding capacity, redness, and yellowness of chicken batters, while lowering their brightness. The greatest quality and a compact, uniform, and continuous microstructure were seen in the chicken batters when Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus at a ratio of 1:1 substituted 40 % pork-back fat. To summarize, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus are a viable fat alternative in the production of low-fat chicken products.

Effect of Flammulina velutipes mushroom and soybean oil as a fat substitute on the quality of chicken sausage

Low-fat meat products are the major trends in developing healthier meat products. Attention is drawn that the animal fat is essential for emulsified meat products to enhance the stability, flavor, cooking yield, and texture. The low energy density and healthier ingredients can replace some or all of the fat in emulsified meat products according to some studies. As can be noted that compound fat substitutes, such as vegetable protein and carrageenan, vegetable oil and vegetable fibre, cellulose, and water, improved texture better than single fat substitutes. Nevertheless, the character of the emulsified meat product will eventually decrease as the amount of animal fat is reduced. Therewith, a little information is available about using Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil as fat alternatives in the manufacture of chicken meat products. The chicken sausage was used as the research object, and Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil were used as fat substitutes to study their effects on the quality of the chicken sausage. Chicken meat, salt and sodium polyphosphate were used for preparation of the sausages. Firstly, the mushroom and soybean oil were mixed in a ratio of 1:1.5, replacing the fats of 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % respectively. Then, cooking yield, folding test, pH, color, and sensory evaluation were measured. The experimental results showed that when adding Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil, the cooking yield, pH, L* and b* value were increased; folding test values for the 75 % and 100 % experimental groups decreased; chicken sausage with 50% fat replacement had the highest sensory score. In summary, replacing 50% of the fat in chicken sausage with Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil was optimal. The addition of Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil increased the brightness and yellowness of the chicken sausages. The low addition of Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil decreased the redness of the sausage, which increased when Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil completely replaced the fat Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil compound is a promising fat substitute in the development of low-fat meat products.

Pointed bone tools from the Hamangia culture on the Lower Danube: Manufacture and function

This study focuses on the pointed bone tools from the Hamangia culture (Chalcolithic period, late 6th millennium BC - early 5th millennium BC), obtained from the long bones of caprines by quadri-partition with double grooving. The pointed bone tool assemblage from the Hamangia settlement at Cheia-Vatra Satului (Romania) was selected as a case study for analysing technological manufacturing sequences of these specific typological tools. Our study was two-fold: 1. identifying the sequence of the procedures in the chaîne opératoire from the original bone to the finished pointed tool; 2. determining the functionality of these tools (as multipurpose items or designed for a single activity only). For the purposes of this research, we focused on the diagnostic pieces such as preforms, blanks, and manufacturing waste, rather than the finished pieces, in an attempt to reconstruct the entire sequence of the manufacturing procedures, to visualize their transformation from the bone to the finished object. This experimental approach resulted in detailed records of the raw material used, the time necessary for each type of procedure, the tools used, and the results obtained during each operation. Next, the experimental tools were tested in various scenarios, such as hide perforation, bone breaking, shell perforation, wood processing, vegetable fiber production, etc. The active ends of these items were then observed, with variables such as frequency and distribution of polish, micro-topography, pattern of functional striations, presence of microfractures, and use-wear areas. The observations made on the archaeological specimens were compared to those on the experimental replicas in order to test the hypotheses regarding the ways the pointed tools were manufactured and used by the prehistoric communities.

Behavior of Cement Mortar with the Addition of Coconut Fibers

Purpose: Analyze the physical and mechanical parameters of cement mortar with the addition of coconut fibers (FC). Theoretical framework: In recent years, there has been a comprehensive approach towards incorporating natural fibers as reinforcing elements in cementitious composites. This approach is motivated by the availability of these fibers, the reduced costs involved and the positive effects in mitigating the environmental impacts caused by the use of polymeric fibers from non-renewable sources. However, increasing the proportions of these elements in mortars, for example, does not always result in improvements to the integrity of the material produced. Method: The initial phase was directed to the literature review focused on studies that explored the behavior of cement mortars with vegetable fibers. Next, the process of mechanical extraction and treatment of coconut fibers was carried out, aiming for the subsequent characterization of the materials. A dosage study was carried out using a 1:3 mixture (cement:sand) using percentages of 3%, 5% and 7% of coconut fibers, based on the total volume of the composite. Based on the preliminary study, the mix with 5% addition of coconut fibers was selected due to its superior performance. To evaluate the material with the defined percentage of FC, tests were carried out covering physical indices and mechanical resistance in the fresh and hardened state. Parameters such as consistency index, compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption, void index and specific mass were analyzed. Results and conclusion: The results indicate that the addition of 5% by volume has a positive impact on increasing the tensile strength of mortars from 1.83 MPa (without fibers) to 2.36 MPa (with fibers). However, this addition does not have a favorable influence on other mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, although it does not cause significant harm to its applicability. Research implications: Composites with vegetable fibers offer the possibility of combining traditional construction techniques with unconventional elements, using the reuse of waste. Originality/value: The contribution to the evaluation of the behavior and adaptation of this material, in order to make it economically viable and durable.

Study of the influence of local materials insulation on cooling loads of a house made of breeze block or laterite in a dry tropical climate

In this paper, we study the influence of local materials for insulating roof and fiber-reinforced mortar coatings on cooling loads of a home in dry tropical climate. The wall of the housing is made of cinderblock or laterite and the insulating material of a roof panel is made with lime (24%), cement (6%), water (50%) of vegetable fibers hibiscus sabdariffa (16%), tree widespread in Burkina Faso and sugar cane bagasse (4%). This panel roof insulation and the fiber-reinforced mortar were characterized at the Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the environment by the hot plate method. The building is modeled in TRNSYS using climate data from the city of Ouagadougou. The results obtained show that in the warmer months of the year, that is to say in March and April, the relative differences between heat gains configurations the configurations “breeze block-coating mortar and roof not insulated” and ‘laterite- fiber-reinforced mortar coating and insulated roof’ vary between 15.6 % and 16.8 %. Configuration ‘laterite- fiber-reinforced mortar coating and insulated roof allows a reduction of annual heat gains of 15.5% compared to the configuration ‘breeze block-coating mortar and roof not insulated’.

Different Sources of Fiber Intake and Risk of 17 Specific Cancers and All Cancers Combined: Prospective Study of 364,856 Participants in the UK Biobank.

Inverse associations between dietary fiber (DF) and colorectal cancer risk are well-established. However, evidence is limited in relation to other cancer sites. This study, of 364,856 participants from the UK Biobank, aimed to evaluate the associations between total and source-specific partial DF and risk of 17 specific cancers and all cancers combined. Partial DF was derived from baseline touchscreen questionnaire data on cereal, bread, fruit, and vegetable intake. The outcomes were incident cancer at 17 sites and all cancers combined. Cox proportional hazards models were applied. Over a median 8.8-year follow-up period, 30,725 people were diagnosed with cancer. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, those in the highest quintile of partial DF compared with the lowest quintile (<9.6 vs ≥19.1 g/day) had 10% lower risk of cancer overall, with the greatest risk reductions observed for cervical (hazard ratio (HR)= 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14; 0.82), esophageal (HR= 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52; 0.84), lung (HR= 0.67, 95% CI: 0.59; 0.76), bladder (HR= 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56; 0.91), and kidney (HR= 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61; 0.92) cancers. Associations between DF and lung cancer were observed only in current and former smokers. Higher DF intake, in particular cereal fiber and fruit and vegetable fiber, was associated with a lower risk of overall and multiple site-specific cancers.

The Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Two Sun-Dried Fig Varieties (Ficus carica L.) Produced in Eastern Morocco and the Investigation of Pomological, Colorimetric, and Phytochemical Characteristics for Improved Valorization

The eastern region of Morocco is renowned for the production of two varieties of figs, Ghoudane (GD) and Chetoui (CH), which are characterized by their high productivity and quality. To ensure a profitable selling price, producers often dry these figs, a process that not only increases their storage capability but also enhances their nutritional and health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the composition and potential health benefits of dried GD and CH figs. The findings of this study reveal that both varieties of dried figs have a rich composition of sugars, lipids, proteins, vegetable fibers, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and other nutrients. Moreover, both GD and CH figs that have been sun-dried meet the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s standard in terms of dry matter and diameter. However, their marketability and commercial quality as dried figs are only classified as Category I or lower-caliber figs. In terms of color, CH figs are lighter and brighter than their GD counterparts, making them more appealing to consumers. Furthermore, this study investigated the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids from both dried fig varieties using different solvents. Distilled water was found to be the best extraction solvent for polyphenols in both varieties, with GD figs showing a higher content (483.6 mg GAE/100 g) than CH figs (408.3 mg GAE/100 g). Meanwhile, ethanol was found to be the best extraction solvent for flavonoids, with GD figs (180.2 mg of QE/100 g) showing a higher content than CH figs (122.9 mg of QE/100 g). In addition, the majority of the extracts, particularly the ethanol extracts, showed high efficiency against the tested bacteria and yeast. Notably, dried GD figs had higher amounts of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities compared to dried CH figs. The study also revealed high correlations between phytochemical content and both antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In conclusion, this study highlights the nutritional and health benefits of dried figs, particularly the GD variety, and their potential as a natural source of antimicrobial compounds. The findings suggest that dried figs could be an alternative source of natural antimicrobial agents for various applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

The Production of Sustainable Low Density Composite Insulation Boards with Vegetable Fibre from Forestry and Agricultural Wastes

Orman ve tarım atıklarının kaynak oluşturma seviyesini iyileştirmek amacıyla fidan dikiminde kullanılmak üzere tohumları alınmış çam kozalakları ile hasat süreci tamamlanmış ayçiçeğinin sonraki ürün ekilebilmesi için tarladan uzaklaştırılması gereken ayçiçeği saplarının tercihiyle lifli organik izolasyon bileşenleri kullanılması amaçlanmıştır. Kompozit panel ürünlerinin hammaddesi olma potansiyeli fikrinden yararlanmak için birçok araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu makalede, orman ve tarım atıklarından olan çam kozalağı ile ayçiçeği sapı, sürdürülebilir bitkisel lifli geri dönüştürerek yapısal faaliyetlerde uygulanabilir çevre dostu kompozit düşük yoğunluklu izolasyon levhası üretimi amaçlanmıştır. En yüksek, ısı iletkenlik katsayısı çam kozalağına %6 ayçiçeği sapı katkılı 40 mm kalınlığındaki örneklerde 147,67 W/mK; ısı geçirgenlik katsayısı çam kozalağı 50 mm kalınlığındaki örneklerde 2,94 W/m2K tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek eğilme direnci çam kozalağına %6 ayçiçeği sapı katkılı 40 mm kalınlığındaki örneklerde 162,21 N/mm2; elastikiyet modülü çam kozalağına %6 ayçiçeği sapı katkılı 40 mm kalınlığındaki örneklerde 292,05 MPa; yüzeye dik çekme direnci çam kozalağı 50 mm kalınlığındaki örneklerde 81,89 N/mm2; vida tutma direnci çam kozalağına %6 ayçiçeği sapı katkılı 50 mm kalınlığındaki örneklerde 68,89 N/mm2 tespit edilmiştir.

Physicochemical Properties and Microstructure of Plaster Layer of Ancient Wall Paintings in Northwest China

ABSTRACT Several grottoes were excavated in Northwest China between the 5th and 13th centuries, and the most famous relics of these grottoes are wall paintings. The plaster layer is the most significant layer in grotto wall paintings, and its characteristics are related to deterioration, treatment measures, and restoration materials during the conservation process. However, studies investigating and analyzing ancient plasters in grotto wall paintings are scarce. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments was conducted on ancient plasters of four grottoes in Northwest China to reflect their physicochemical properties and microstructural characteristics. The results reveal that the plaster is composed of sedimentary soil from the riverbed or floodplain near the grottoes mixed with vegetal fibers. The sedimentary soils were mainly composed of fine-grained soil mixed with a certain concentration of sand (0‒41%). In the plaster production process, lime was not artificially added, and the internal structure of the plaster was formed by the agglomeration of sand-clay fibers. Capillary pores in the plaster are the main channels for salt migration and accumulation, and the accumulation of salt destroys the cementation between the soil particles, rendering the plaster loose and porous. Therefore, attention should be paid during daily maintenance to prevent further damage to wall paintings due to the migration and accumulation of salts caused by rainwater and water vapor. Sedimentary soils from nearby riverbeds or floodplains can be used in restoration work to obtain better compatibility with the original plaster.

Experimental study on flexural creep of self-compacting concrete reinforced with vegetable and synthetic fibers

Experimental study on flexural creep of self-compacting concrete reinforced with vegetable and synthetic fibers

- Maize Nugget Making in Nagari Ladang Panjang, Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra

Abstract &#x0D; Nugget is a processed meat products which mixed or without other ingredients and permitted food additives. In its manufacture, the nugget is formed and then steamed and fried before being consumed. One of the most widely grown horticultural crops in the Nagari Ladang Panjang area is corn. Corn can be used as nuggets which are rich in fiber and added tofu as its protein. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge to the community about making sweet corn-based nuggets. The results of the implementation of this service were successful in processing and the community was very enthusiastic. This corn nuggets product can be used as an alternative in consuming vegetable protein and fiber. If these corn nuggets are developed properly, they can become one of the superior products in the form of frozen food from Nagari Ladang Panjang.&#x0D; Keywords: nuggets, sweet corn, tofu, frozen food&#x0D; &#x0D;

Fiber intake and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis.

This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dietary fiber intake. Relevant articles were retrieved from a variety of databases, including Scopus, Embase, and Medline, until March 2023. Spirometry was the most frequently used method for determining the presence of COPD. Based on the search, there were a total of 213,912 participants across five separate studies. Random effects model was used to combine the data and a dose-response analysis was further conducted. Five distinct cohort studies were identified. Based on highest versus lowest analysis, there was an inverse correlation between the intake of total fiber (RR, 0.72; 95%, CI: 0.64-0.80), cereal fiber (RR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.68, 0.86), and fruit fiber (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.83). Although this result was not significant for vegetable fiber (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84-1.07). Dose-response analysis revealed that daily increase of 10 g of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, or fruit fiber reduced the risk of COPD by 26%, 21%, and 37%, respectively. The ROBINS-E tool classified all cohort studies as having a moderate risk of bias. Total fiber, cereal fiber, and fruit fiber intake were found to have low credibility using the NutriGrade tool. Additionally, there is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of vegetable fiber. Larger, more comprehensive studies are required to confirm these findings.

A generalized analytical model for predicting the elastic properties of fibrovascular bundles using Crystal-Fibril-Bundle approach

In order to understand how the structural parameters of vegetable fibers influence their elastic modulus; a generalized analytical model was developed. The model, the Crystal-Fibril-Bundle theory, includes the three main factors that influence the modulus of elasticity of the fiber bundle; the microfibril angle, percentage crystallinity and cell wall volume fraction. The model is generalized and acts as a top-down and bottom-up approach that can be used to predict the modulus of any hierarchical level in any vegetable fibers. The model was verified experimentally using sisal, abaca, banana and date palm fibers, and the model results showed very high agreement with the experimental results (<10 % deviation). Further, a parametric study was conducted to simulate the effect of each structural parameter on the bundle modulus of elasticity. The Crystal-Fibril-Bundle approach provides a novel and insightful tool to understand the knockdown in elastic properties resulting from the bottom-up transition through the structural hierarchical levels of vegetable fiber. It can help natural fiber researchers estimate the fibers elastic performance without the need for intensive testing. It also helps natural fiber composite designers in developing sustainable composites with enhanced performance. This model is considered the first exhaustive model to encompass all the major structural parameters in a single model.

Use of Vegetable Fibers as a Substitute for Animal Fats in the Manufacture of Burgers and the Study of its Qualitative Characteristics

There is a relationship between the quantity and quality of fat consumed and common diseases such as heart disease, atherosclerosis and obesity. Therefore, the consumer’s interest in foods that contain a low percentage of fat, especially meat products, has increased. Therefore, the study aimed to know the effect of molecular substitution of some vegetable sources, namely oat flour and chia flour, instead of beef fat. To manufacture a low-fat, low-calorie burger and to compare the factory burger with the commercial burger available in the market. The beef burger had been manufactured from 80 % veal annotation and 20 % beef fat, which is the control burger. The fat was replaced with oat flour by 50 % and chia flour by 50 % for the beef burger. The study also included identifying the characteristics of the beef burger in terms of chemical composition, physical characteristics, and sensory characteristics. They were stored by freezing at a temperature of (-18 ± 2 C) during the storage period for 60 days, and their characteristics were monitored during the storage period by (1, 30, and 60) days. The results also showed a clear and remarkable improvement for all the technological characteristics under study. Therefore, the study recommends the use of oatmeal and chia flour as a substitute for beef fat in the manufacture of burgers.