Vegetable Purchases Research Articles

Which Program Implementation Factors Lead to more Fruit and Vegetable Purchases? An Exploratory Analysis of Nutrition Incentive Programs across the United States

BackgroundNutrition incentive (NI) programs help low-income households better afford fruits and vegetables (FVs) by providing incentives to spend on FVs (e.g., spend $10 to receive an additional $10 for FVs). NI programs are heterogeneous in programmatic implementation and operate in food retail outlets, including brick-and-mortar and farm-direct sites. ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore NI program implementation factors and the amount of incentives redeemed. MethodsA total of 28 NI projects across the United States including 487 brick-and-mortar and 1078 farm-direct sites reported data between 2020 and 2021. Descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses (outcome: incentives redeemed) were applied. ResultsTraditional brick-and-mortar stores had 0.48 times the incentives redeemed compared with small brick-and-mortar stores. At brick-and-mortar sites, automatic discounts had 3.47 times the incentives redeemed compared with physical discounts; and auxiliary services and marketing led to greater redemption. Farm-direct sites using multilingual and direct promotional marketing had greater incentives redeemed. ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first national study to focus on NI program implementation across sites nationwide. Factors identified can help inform future programming and research.

Using a divider nudge in supermarket shopping trolleys to increase fruit and vegetable purchases: A feasibility study using an intervention design.

Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing obesity and chronic diseases: however, only one in 16 Australian adults consume F&Vs at the recommended two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables per day. What and how much people eat is influenced by their social and physical environments. Supermarkets are a key setting influencing food purchases, and as such, they can shape consumption patterns of F&Vs. Implementing effective strategies to increase F&V intake is crucial. The objective of this research was to test the feasibility of covertly modifying shopper purchasing behaviour to purchase more F&Vs using a visual divider nudge message (prompts) covering the entire base of shopping trolleys. Placards provided a visual representation of the recommended proportion of the trolley base that should be allocated to fruits and vegetables (implied social norm). Applying an intervention research design, 30 out of ~100 trolleys were fitted with the placards and shopper purchases were measured by collecting receipts to measure the weight (kg), total spending and F&V specific spending (Australian dollars) for intervention versus control trolleys for one weekend day only. We also conducted a short intercept survey that was administered independently from the research study day on non-trial shoppers. Shoppers who selected trolleys with the divider nudge placards (n = 102) purchased equal weight of F&Vs (Intervention: mean = 6.25 kg, SD = 5.60 kg, 95% CI = 5.14 kg, 7.35 kg, vs. Control: mean 6.03 kg, SD = 5.17 kg, 95% CI = 5.01 kg, 7.04 kg, p = 0.768) and spent equal amounts on F&Vs compared to shoppers in the control group (n = 102) (Intervention: mean = $41.46, SD = $36.68, 95% CI = $34.25, $48.66, vs. Control: mean $39.85, SD = $33.30, 95% CI = $33.34, $46.39, p = 0.744). There was no difference in the total spending between groups (Intervention: mean = $135.99, SD = $90.10, 95% CI = $118.29, $153.68, vs. Control: mean $155.68, SD = $96.46, 95% CI = $136.73, $174.63, p = 0.133). The divider nudge placard did not lead to any difference in shoppers' purchases of F&Vs. However, this study demonstrates the feasibility of testing a cheap, simple and easy supermarket nutrition intervention. Larger studies are required to elucidate and confirm these findings over the longer term.

Increased WIC Benefits for Fruits and Vegetables Increases Food Security and Satisfaction Among California Households with Young Children.

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a critical source of nutrition support for young children in low-income families, providing access to healthy foods and a cash value benefit (CVB) for the purchase of fruits and vegetables (FV). In 2021, the WIC CVB increased substantially for women and children aged 1 to 5 years. To investigate whether or not the increased WIC CVB for purchasing FV was associated with greater redemption of the FV benefit, satisfaction, household food security, and child FV intake. Longitudinal study of WIC participants receiving WIC benefits from May 2021 through May 2022. Through May 2021, the WIC CVB for children aged 1 to 4 years was $9/month. The value increased to $35/month from June through September 2021, and changed to $24/month starting October2021. WIC participants from seven WIC sites in California with one or more child aged 1 to 4 years during May 2021 and one or more follow-up surveys during September 2021 or May 2022 (N= 1,770). CVB redemption (in US dollars), satisfaction with the amount (prevalence), household food security (prevalence), and child FV intake (cups per day). Associations of increased CVB issuance following the June 2021 CVB augmentation with child FV intake and CVB redemption were assessed using mixed effects regression, and associations with satisfaction and household food security were assessed using modified Poisson regression. The increased CVB was associated with significantly greater redemption and satisfaction. At the second follow-up (May 2022), household food security increased by 10% (95% CI 7% to 12%); total FV intake decreased by 0.03 c/day (95% CI -0.06 to -0.01) in the overall sample, but increased by 0.23 c/day (95% CI 0.17 to 0.29) among children with the lowest baseline FV intake. This study documented benefits of augmentation to the CVB for children. WIC policy augmenting the value of WIC food packages to increase access to FV had the intended effects, lending support to making the increased FV benefit permanent.

KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SAYURAN DI PASAR JATINEGARA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DENGAN PENERAPAN THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

<em>Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) is one of the Indonesian government's policies in dealing with the COVID-19 </em>pandemi<em>. In the midst of the implementation of the policy, consumers are still buying food, one of which is vegetables, directly to traditional markets. This study uses a quantitative approach through descriptive statistical analysis and SEM-PLS analysis using WarpPLS 7.0. This study aims to examine the effect of the Theory of Planned Behavior variables, namely attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control on consumer purchase intentions and vegetable purchasing decisions at Jatinegara Market during the COVID-19 </em>pandemi<em>. The types of data in this study are primary data and secondary data using 45 respondents who were determined using the judgment sampling method. The results showed that the variables of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control had an effect on consumers' purchase intentions. The biggest indicator contribution to the attitude variable is convenience in making purchases. Meanwhile, the biggest indicator contribution to the subjective norm variable is support from close friends. And on the behavioral control perception variable, the biggest indicator is the ability to make purchases. Traders and market managers need to maintain and improve the application of health protocols in the Jatinegara Market area, especially during the COVID-19 </em>pandemi<em>, so that consumers' purchase intentions remain high to buy vegetables.</em>

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian Sayuran di Agrowisata Barro Tani Manunggal Desa Kepatihan Kecamatan Selogiri Kabupaten Wonogiri

Vegetables are one of the most important food sources in supporting a healthy body. The alternative to buy vegetabes is in agrotourism. Barro Tani Manunggal Agrotourism is one of tourism places that provides or sells vegetable commodities. In maintaining agrotourism, it is necessary to know consumer preferences for vegetable products. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of vegetable consumers and the influence factors of consumer preferences for vegetable purchasing decisions at Barro Tani Manunggal Agrotourism. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method. The number of respondents was 56 respondents with the criteria of more than one time bought vegetables in Barro Tani Manunggal Agrotourism. The data analysis methods are t-test, F-test, and coefficient determination. The results show that the average respondent who shopped for vegetable is in aged 15-64 years, most of whom have high schoo or equivalent education. Most of the respondents are entrepreneurs, and the average income of respondents in this study is IDR 2.000.001-3.000.000. The variables of service speed and product availability have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions for vegetables in Barro Tani Manunggal Agrotourism. The freshness variable has a negative and significant effect. While the variables of pricing, product quality, location, and convenience do not have a significant effect on vegetable purchasing decisions.

Supermarket top-up of Healthy Start vouchers increases fruit and vegetable purchases in low-income households.

Stark, widening health and income inequalities in the United Kingdom underpin the need for increased support for low-income families to access affordable and nutritious foods. Using anonymised supermarket loyalty card transaction records, this study aimed to assess how an additional Healthy Start voucher (HSV) top-up of £2, redeemable only against fruit and vegetables (FVs), was associated with FV purchases among at-risk households. Transaction and redemption records from 150 loyalty card-holding households, living in northern England, who had engaged with the top-up scheme, were analysed to assess the potential overall population impact. Using a pre-post study design, 133 of these households' records from 2021 were compared with equivalent time periods in 2019 and 2020. Records were linked to product, customer and store data, permitting comparisons using Wilcoxon matched-pairs sign-ranked tests and relationships assessed with Spearman's Rho. These analyses demonstrated that 0.9 more portions of FV per day per household were purchased during the scheme compared to the 2019 baseline (p = 0.0017). The percentage of FV weight within total baskets also increased by 1.6 percentage points (p = 0.0242), although the proportional spend on FV did not change. During the scheme period, FV purchased was higher by 0.4 percentage points (p = 0.0012) and 1.6 percentage points (p = 0.0062) according to spend and weight, respectively, in top-up redeeming baskets compared to non-top-up redeeming baskets with at least one FV item and was associated with 5.5 more HSV 'Suggested' FV portions (p < 0.0001). The median weight of FV purchased increased from 41.83 kg in 2019 to 54.14 kg in 2021 (p = 0.0017). However, top-up vouchers were only redeemed on 9.1% of occasions where FV were purchased. In summary, this study provides novel data showing that safeguarding funds exclusively for FV can help to increase access to FV in low-income households. These results yield important insights to inform public policy aimed at levelling up health inequalities.

Implementing a Produce Prescription Program at Three Federally Qualified Health Centers to Help Patients Manage Their Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Qualitative Assessment of Clinic Staff Experiences in Los Angeles County, California, USA

Through a partnership with three Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), the local health department in Los Angeles County implemented a produce prescription program (PPR) to increase fresh fruit and vegetable purchases among patients with diabetes or prediabetes. The PPR, which began in 2020, provided eligible patients with a USD 40 voucher every month for 6 months to promote the purchase of fresh produce at large-chain grocery stores. To address gaps in current practice and program delivery, this qualitative assessment describes staff experiences with the PPR, documenting the facilitators and barriers they encountered while implementing the program. Fifteen clinic staff (i.e., PPR implementers) were interviewed for this assessment. Thematic analysis and coding were conducted using the ATLAS.ti software; the coding was carried out by two separate coders. Interviewees discussed the importance of having preexisting partnerships and programs to support the PPR at their clinic site. Hidden costs related to implementing the program included a large and unexpected amount of staff time devoted to enrolling patients into the program. Collecting quality data and having limited expertise to rigorously evaluate the program were other challenges. Because patients often share their food with their family, the monthly USD 40 incentive was generally not enough to support their needs; interviewees suggested giving a higher inventive amount to those with a larger household. Future PPR efforts and similar food incentive programs should consider these and other facilitators and barriers to implementation and sustainability, especially when making adjustments to these programs to improve services and access to food resources.

Which One Has The Greater Influence On The Green Purchase Decision?

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of lifestyle variables and trust variables on green purchase decisions in buying organic vegetables in Malang City.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was conducted using a descriptive quantitative method, and the technique employed was multiple linear regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS software version 25. The study utilized 100 questionnaires administered to a sample of individuals who have made purchases of organic vegetables in the Malang city area. The sample was selected using non-probability sampling.Findings: The green lifestyle variable in this study has a significantly positive effect on the green purchase decision of organic vegetable products. It is also known that the green trust variable has a significant positive effect on the green purchase decision as well. While the two variables, green lifestyle and green trust, are carried out simultaneously, they also have a positive and significant influence on green purchase decisions in purchasing organic vegetable products in Malang City.

Food Purchase Prioritization During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America

ABSTRACT The paper determines the prioritization of household food purchases during the COVID-19 pandemic confinement in Latin America. This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire including sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and food purchasing prioritization information was sent through digital platforms. A total of 6,357 individuals participated; 83.6% were women, 56.3% belonged to the middle socioeconomic level. Low socioeconomic level was correlated with high prioritization of rice/pasta, potatoes, cookies, sugar/bread, flours, and sweets. The higher the socioeconomic level, the higher the purchasing of alcohol, nuts, vegetables, and meats. Purchase prioritization is related to the socioeconomic level of the participants.

Pengaruh Kepercayaan Merek, Citra Merek, dan Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Pemilihan Platform Pembelian Buah dan Sayur Online

The use of internet is not only as information and communication media, currently the internet is also useful in online business transactions. The agricultural sector is a potential sector to grow along with the high growth of e-commerce in Indonesia. Nowadays, platforms that specialize in selling fruits and vegetables online are constantly emerging. One of the factors that causing the increase in online fruit and vegetable purchases is the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite the continuous growth, it turns out that there are still some consumers who are reluctant to make purchases online with one of the reasons being worried about product mismatches if shopping through an online platform. This research aimed to analyze the influence of consumer perceptions of brand trust, brand image, and promotion in choosing an online fruit and vegetable purchasing platform during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Greater Jakarta area. This research used a survey method with a sampling technique using purposive sampling and the data in this research analyzed with descriptive analysis and SEM-PLS analysis. The conclusion in this research showed that consumer perceptions of brand trust, brand image and promotion have a positive and significant effect on the decision to choose an online fruit and vegetable purchasing platform in Jabodetabek during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sense of security provided by the platform, the quality of the products offered and also the many attractive offers available are the most dominant things considered by respondents in choosing an online fruit and vegetable purchasing platform.

Willingness to Pay the Organic Vegetable: The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesian Experience

The enthusiasm for maintaining health has increased in line with the Covid-19 pandemic, though they have to pay the higher price. Therefore, study aims to determine changes in people's behavior in consuming organic vegetables due to Covid-19, willingness to pay (WTP) and factors that influence. The research was conducted in three stages--descriptive socio-demographic factors, calculation of WTP with the Contingent Valuation Method approach and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis. Based on 155 respondents who determined by Slovin formula and accidental sampling technique. The study showed that consumers had a higher WTP for various types of organic vegetables, especially spinach, chayote, and kale. However, this WTP is significantly influenced by level of education, type of work and income. Consumer behavior significantly affected WTP for organic vegetables during Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, Covid-19 pandemic provides great potential for an increase in the number of consumption and purchases of organic vegetables.

Who is Paying More for Organic Food? - Evidence from a Developing Country Considering Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Consumers

This paper addresses the willingness to pay an additional price for the purchase of organic fruits and vegetables by analyzing the factors that influence consumers in their choice. To carry out this research, we studied consumer behaviour in the Gjirokastra region. At first, through questionnaires, primary quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The data were analyzed through SPSS software version 21. The questionnaire feedback was analyzed with descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics combined with comparative interquartile analysis, for which comparative box plots were used. To evaluate the influence of independent variables on the willingness to pay an additional price for the purchase of organic fruits and vegetables, we used the multivariate linear regression model. Multivariate regression is used for the explanation and prediction of the behaviour or levels of a variable or phenomenon, when one or several other variables, which are thought or proven to be related or influence over it, change to a certain extent or direction. At the end of the paper, it was found that socio-demographic factors have a significant impact on the willingness to pay an additional price for organic products.

Impact of a financial incentive scheme on purchase of fruits and vegetables from unorganised retailers in rural India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables is prevalent in rural areas of India, where around 65% of the population reside. Financial incentives have been shown to increase the purchase of fruits and vegetables in urban supermarkets, but their feasibility and effectiveness with unorganised retailers in rural India is unclear. A cluster-randomised controlled trial of a financial incentive scheme involving ∼20% cashback on purchase of fruits and vegetables from local retailers was conducted in six villages (3535 households). All households in three intervention villages were invited to participate in the scheme which ran for three months (February-April 2021), while no intervention was offered in control villages. Self-reported (pre-intervention and post-intervention) data on purchase of fruits and vegetables were collected from a random sub-sample of households in control and intervention villages. A total of 1109 households (88% of those invited) provided data. After the intervention, the weekly quantity of self-reported fruits and vegetables purchased were (i) 18.6kg (intervention) and 14.2kg (control), baseline-adjusted mean difference 4kg (95% CI:-6.4 to 14.4) from any retailer (primary outcome); and (ii) 13.1kg (intervention) and 7.1kg (control), baseline-adjusted mean difference 7.4kg (95% CI: 3.8-10.9) from local retailers participating in the scheme (secondary outcome). There was no evidence of differential effects of the intervention by household food security or by socioeconomic position, and no unintended adverse consequences were noted. Financial incentive schemes are feasible in unorganised food retail environments. Effectiveness in improving diet quality of the household likely hinges on the percentage of retailers willing to participate in such a scheme. This research has been funded by the Drivers of Food Choice (DFC) Competitive Grants Program, which is funded by the UK Government's Department for International Development and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and managed by the University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, USA; however, the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK Government's official policies.

Feasibility and Response to the San Diego County, California, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Agency Sending Food and Nutrition Text Messages to All Participants: Quasi-Experimental Web-Based Survey Pilot Study

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides over 40 million Americans with money for food without typically providing participants with food or nutrition information. Educational SMS text messages can reach large numbers of people, and studies suggest SNAP participants appreciate nutrition education and have access to mobile phones. Using a pre-post intervention design, we assessed the feasibility of, and program satisfaction and outcomes resulting from, the San Diego County, California SNAP agency sending monthly food and nutrition education SMS text messages to all SNAP participants to increase fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption. We developed and sent 5 behavioral science-informed SMS text messages with links to a project website in English and Spanish with information about selecting, storing, and preparing seasonal fruits and vegetables. The San Diego County SNAP agency sent monthly texts to ~170,000 SNAP households from October 2020 to February 2021. SNAP participants completed web-based surveys in response to a text invitation from the SNAP agency in September 2020 (baseline, n=12,036) and April 2021 (follow-up, n=4927). Descriptive frequencies were generated, and adjusted multiple linear mixed models were run on a matched data set of participants that completed both baseline and follow-up surveys (n=875) assessing pre- or postattitudes, behaviors, knowledge, and self-efficacy. We used adjusted logistic regression models to assess differences between the matched (n=875) and nonmatched (n=4052) participants related to experiences with the intervention (questions asked only at follow-up). After the intervention, matched participants reported significant increase in knowing where to get information about selecting, storing, and preparing fruits and vegetables (3.76 vs 4.02 on a 5-point Likert scale with 5=strongly agree, P<.001); feeling good about participating in SNAP (4.35 vs 4.43, P=.03); and thinking the CalFresh program helps them eat healthy (4.38 vs 4.48, P=.006). No significant pre- or postdifferences were found in fruit or vegetable consumption, though most participants at follow-up (n=1556, 64%) reported their consumption had increased. Among the sample that completed the follow-up survey only (n=4052, not including 875 participants who completed follow-up and baseline), 1583 (65%) and 1556 (64%) reported purchasing and eating more California-grown fruits and vegetables, respectively. Nearly all respondents appreciated the intervention (n=2203, 90%) and wanted it to continue (n=2037, 83%). SNAP can feasibly provide food and nutrition messages via text to participants. A monthly text campaign was well received by responding participants and improved some measures of their self-reported knowledge, self-efficacy, produce consumption, and perceptions of SNAP participation. Participants expressed interest in continuing to receive texts. While educational messages will not solve the complex food and nutrition challenges confronting SNAP participants, further work should employ rigorous methods to expand and test this intervention in other SNAP programs before considering to implement it at scale.

Experiences of Farmers Market Vendors in a Healthy Food Incentive Program.

Healthy food incentive programs for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participants, often implemented in farmers markets, have shown promise in improving the purchase and consumption of fruits and vegetables. However, variation in program context, program strategies, and participant populations has produced gaps in knowledge about which healthy food incentive program implementation strategies are most effective, and few studies have focused on farmers market vendors' experiences. This study evaluated experiences of farmers market vendors who participated in the Northwest Arkansas Double Your Dollars (NWA DYD) healthy food incentive program intended to increase access to healthy foods for local Hispanic/Latino and Marshallese community members with low incomes. Data were collected from a convenience sample of vendors participating in NWA DYD at the three largest participating markets on the last Saturday in October 2021. Program staff collected quantitative, categorical, and open-ended data through face-to-face surveys. Forty-one vendors completed the survey. Vendors believed NWA DYD was beneficial and easy to use, expanded their customer base, and increased participation of Hispanic/Latino and Marshallese shoppers. Vendors also identified challenges in participation related to administrative burdens and delayed reimbursements. Vendors did not identify NWA DYD as a driver for expanded production for the upcoming growing season. Vendors' experiences at NWA DYD provide implications for others interested in implementing effective healthy food incentive programs. Improving access to farmers markets through effective healthy food incentive programs is an important step toward increasing consumption of fresh, healthy foods among communities with low incomes facing elevated prevalence of chronic disease.

Effect of Financial Incentives and Default Options on Food Choices of Adults With Low Income in Online Retail Settings

Despite recent growth in online redemption of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, no previous work has tested the impact of economic and behavioral economic strategies on food purchasing behaviors in an online grocery retail setting among adults with low income. To examine the extent to which financial incentives and default shopping cart options influence fruit and vegetable purchases. This randomized clinical trial used an experimental online grocery store for adults who currently or have ever received SNAP benefits. From October 7 to December 2, 2021, participants were instructed to shop for a week's worth of groceries for their household, with a budget tailored to household size; no payment was taken. Random assignment to 1 of 4 conditions: no intervention, 50% discount on eligible fruits and vegetables, prefilled shopping carts with tailored fruit and vegetable items (ie, default options), or a combination of the discount and default options. The primary outcome was the percentage of nondiscounted dollars spent on eligible fruit and vegetables per basket. Of 2744 participants, mean (SD) age was 46.7 (16.0) years, and 1447 (52.7%) identified as women. A total of 1842 participants (67.1%) reported currently receiving SNAP benefits and 1492 (54.4%) reported shopping online for groceries in the previous 12 months. Participants spent a mean (SD) 20.5% (23.5%) of total dollars on eligible fruits and vegetables. Compared with no intervention, those in the discount condition spent 4.7% (98.3% CI, 1.7%-7.7%) of more total dollars on eligible fruits and vegetables; those in the default condition, 7.8% (98.3% CI, 4.8%-10.7%) more; and those in the combination condition, 13.0% (98.3% CI, 10.0%-16.0%) more (P < .001 for all). There was no difference between the discount and the default conditions (P = .06), but the effect in the combination condition was significantly larger than both discount and default conditions (P < .001). Default shopping cart items were purchased by 679 participants (93.4%) in the default condition and 655 (95.5%) in the combination condition, whereas 297 (45.8%) in the control and 361 (52.9%) in the discount conditions purchased those items (P < .001). No variation was observed by age, sex, or race and ethnicity, and results were similar when those who reported never shopping online for groceries were excluded. In this randomized clinical trial, financial incentives for fruits and vegetables and default options, especially in combination, led to meaningful increases in online fruit and vegetable purchases among adults with low income. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04766034.

Prompting vegetable purchases in the supermarket by an affordance nudge: Examining effectiveness and appreciation in a set of field experiments

The supermarket is a promising location for stimulating healthier food choices by nudging interventions. However, nudging healthy food choices in the supermarket has shown weak effects to date. The present research introduces a new nudge based on the concept of affordances – i.e., an animated character – that invites interaction with healthy food products and examines its effectiveness and appreciation in a supermarket context. We present findings of a series of three studies. In Study 1, evaluations of the new nudge were collected, revealing that the nudge was appreciated. In Studies 2 and 3, field experiments were conducted to test the nudge's effect on vegetable purchases in a real-life supermarket. Study 3 demonstrated that vegetable purchases increased significantly (up to 17%) when the affordance nudge was placed on the vegetable shelves. Furthermore, customers appreciated the nudge and its potential for implementation. Taken together, this set of studies presents compelling findings illustrating the potential of the affordance nudge for increasing healthy choices in the supermarket.

Using social norm nudges in supermarket shopping trolleys to increase fruit and vegetable purchases.

Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing obesity and chronic diseases: however, only one in twenty Australian adults consume F&Vs at the recommended two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables per day. What and how much people eat is influenced by their social and physical environments. Supermarkets are a key setting influencing food purchases, and as such, they can shape consumption patterns of F&Vs. Implementing effective strategies to increase F&V intake is crucial. The objective of this research was to test if shopper purchasing behaviour can be modified to purchase more F&Vs using social norm nudge messages (prompts) placed in shopping trolleys. Placards giving the message that the majority of shoppers purchased F&Vs at each shop were placed in shopping trolleys. Applying an intervention research design, 30 out of ~100 trolleys were fitted with the placards and shopper purchases were measured by collecting receipts to measure the quantity (kg), total and F&V spending (Australian dollars) for intervention versus control trolleys. We also conducted a short intercept survey that was administered independently from the research study day. Shoppers who selected trolleys with the social norm nudge placards (n=109) purchased 1.25 kg more F&Vs (Intervention: mean=5.45 kg, SD=4.23 kg, 95% CI 4.65 kg, 6.26 kg vs. Control: mean 4.19 kg, SD=3.75 kg, 95% CI 3.48 kg, 4.90 kg, p=0.020, Cohen's d=0.32) and spent an extra $9.10 more on F&Vs compared to shoppers in the control group (n=109; Intervention: mean=$36.20, SD=$26.30, 95% CI=$31.24, $41.26 vs. Control: mean $27.10, SD=$24.00, 95% CI=$22.50, $31.67, p=0.008, Cohen's d=0.36). The social norm nudge placard shows promise in modifying shoppers' purchases to buy more F&Vs. Larger studies are required to elucidate and confirm these findings over the longer term.

Sugar sweetened beverage restriction or fruit and vegetable purchase incentive in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): Participant’s voice and choice behavior

ABSTRACT This mixed methods study assessed the perceptions of food choices among SNAP participants and SNAP-eligible non-participants when exposed to two alternative SNAP policy options: restrictions on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and incentives for fruit and vegetable (FV) purchases. Twelve focus groups that included a randomized food choice experiment were conducted in seven counties in Georgia, involving 73 participants. Participants had a favorable view toward incentivizing FV; responses toward SSB restrictions were mixed. FV incentives were associated with greater spending on FV and lower spending on SSBs, and SSB restriction was associated with lower spending on SSBs.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN KARAKTERISTIK KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEMBELIAN SAYURAN HIDROPONIK (Suatu Survei Terhadap Konsumen Sayuran Hidroponik UPTD Kawasan Agroeduwisata Cikundul Kota Sukabumi)

The research was conducted with the aim of (1) analyzing the effect of product quality and consumer characteristics on the purchase of hydroponic vegetables UPTD Kawasan Agroeduwisata Cikundul; (2) analyzing the effect of product quality on the purchase of hydroponic vegetables UPTD Kawasan Agroeduwisata Cikundul; (3) analyzing the effect of consumer characteristics on the purchase of hydroponic vegetables UPTD Kawasan Agroeduwisata Cikundul. The research method used in this research is a limited survey method to consumers of hydroponic vegetables UPTD Kawasan Agroeduwisata Cikundul. The form of the research is verification research (explanatory). Respondents or research samples were selected using the incidental sampling method. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and path analysis to test between variables. The conclusion of the research show that product quality and consumer characteristics together have a real positive influence on the purchase of hydroponic vegetables by 25.7%. Partially, the product quality factor gave a real positive influence on the purchase of hydroponic vegetables by 9% and the consumer characteristics factor gave a real positive influence on the purchase of hydroponic vegetables by 16.7%. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to the UPTD Kawasan Agroeduwisata Cikundul, Sukabumi City to give more attention to the quality of hydroponic vegetable products to increase purchases.