Vegetable Protein Sources Research Articles

Construction of Genetic Map and QTL Mapping for Seed Size and Quality Traits in Soybean (Glycine max L.).

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the main source of vegetable protein and edible oil for humans, with an average content of about 40% crude protein and 20% crude fat. Soybean yield and quality traits are mostly quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for yield and quality traits, as well as for the identification of mining-related candidate genes, is of great significance for the molecular breeding and understanding the genetic mechanism. In this study, 186 individual plants of the F2 generation derived from crosses between Changjiangchun 2 and Yushuxian 2 were selected as the mapping population to construct a molecular genetic linkage map. A genetic map containing 445 SSR markers with an average distance of 5.3 cM and a total length of 2375.6 cM was obtained. Based on constructed genetic map, 11 traits including hundred-seed weight (HSW), seed length (SL), seed width (SW), seed length-to-width ratio (SLW), oil content (OIL), protein content (PRO), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), linolenic acid (LNA), palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA) of yield and quality were detected by the multiple- d size traits and 113 QTLs related to quality were detected by the multiple QTL model (MQM) mapping method across generations F2, F2:3, F2:4, and F2:5. A total of 71 QTLs related to seed size traits and 113 QTLs related to quality traits were obtained in four generations. With those QTLs, 19 clusters for seed size traits and 20 QTL clusters for quality traits were summarized. Two promising clusters, one related to seed size traits and the other to quality traits, have been identified. The cluster associated with seed size traits spans from position 27876712 to 29009783 on Chromosome 16, while the cluster linked to quality traits spans from position 12575403 to 13875138 on Chromosome 6. Within these intervals, a reference genome of William82 was used for gene searching. A total of 36 candidate genes that may be involved in the regulation of soybean seed size and quality were screened by gene functional annotation and GO enrichment analysis. The results will lay the theoretical and technical foundation for molecularly assisted breeding in soybean.

An Analysis of Essential Amino Acid Contents of Canistel Fruit (Pouteria campechiana) as A Source of Vegetable Protein in An Effort of Food Diversification

Canistel fruit is a fruit that is not cultivated and is not known to many people because of limited information about this fruit. In the field of biochemistry, analysis of the essential amino acids contained in canistel fruit has never been carried out. The aim of this research is to determine the type and levels of essential amino acids in Canistel fruit as a source of vegetable protein in an effort to diversify food. The sample used was Canistel fruit. The method used was chromatography using UPLC with a C18 column, PDA detector, gradient pump system, and column temperature of 49⁰C. 15 types of amino acids were obtained, consisting of 7 essential amino acids and 8 non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are L-Fenilalanin (994,64 mg/kg), L- Isoleusin (704,58 mg/kg), L-Valin (876,69 mg/kg), L-Lisin 1.068,36 mg/kg), L- Leusin (1.199,45 mg/kg), L-Treonin (857,16 mg/kg), and LHistidin (421,03 mg/kg)and 8 non-essential amino acid are L-Serin (957,38 mg/kg), L-Asam glutamat (2.137,7 mg/kg), L-Alanin (1.070,01 mg/kg), LArginin (838,15 mg/kg), L-Glisin (1.101,56), L-asam aspartate (1.900,63 mg/kg), L-Tirosin (141,90 mg/kg), and L-Prolin (1.146,84 mg/kg).

Edukasi Pembuatan MP-ASI Bahan Dasar Pangan Lokal 2 Hewani 1 Nabati sebagai Upaya Percepatan Penurunan Stunting Kabupaten Kendal

Toddlers are a group vulnerable to various nutritional problems caused by changes in physiological function. One of the nutritional problems that occurs is stunting. The prevalence of stunting in Kendal Regency in 2023 will reach 11.4%. The cause of this problem is the mother's nutritional parenting patterns and inappropriate fulfillment of nutritional needs for toddlers. In fact, Kendal Regency is a coastal area that has the potential for abundant fish as a source of animal protein. This fish can be used as a basic ingredient for making complementary foods for breast milk (MP-ASI) for stunted children. Providing this complementary food can be done by modifying processed products in the form of catfish and shrimp as animal protein with the addition of tofu as a source of vegetable protein. This preparation can be made into a dragon's foot product which is one of toddlers' favorite foods. This community service aims to provide education to mothers of toddlers so they can make MP ASI independently using local basic ingredients. The methods in this activity are opening, presentation of material, demonstration of making MP ASI from local food ingredients 2 animal 1 vegetable, discussion and evaluation. A total of 37 participants took part in this activity, who had filled out a questionnaire. The results show that there has been an increase in knowledge of making MP ASI using local food ingredients.

A novel PGPR strain, Streptomyces lasalocidi JCM 3373T, alleviates salt stress and shapes root architecture in soybean by secreting indole-3-carboxaldehyde.

While soybean (Glycine max L.) provides the most important source of vegetable oil and protein, it is sensitive to salinity, which seriously endangers the yield and quality during soybean production. The application of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve salt tolerance for plant is currently gaining increasing attention. Streptomycetes are a major group of PGPR. However, to date, few streptomycetes has been successfully developed and applied to promote salt tolerance in soybean. Here, we discovered a novel PGPR strain, Streptomyces lasalocidi JCM 3373T, from 36 strains of streptomycetes via assays of their capacity to alleviate salt stress in soybean. Microscopic observation showed that S. lasalocidi JCM 3373T does not colonise soybean roots. Chemical analysis confirmed that S. lasalocidi JCM 3373T secretes indole-3-carboxaldehyde (ICA1d). Importantly, IAC1d inoculation alleviates salt stress in soybean and modulates its root architecture by regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes GmVSP, GmPHD2 and GmWRKY54 and root growth-related genes GmPIN1a, GmPIN2a, GmYUCCA5 and GmYUCCA6. Taken together, the novel PGPR strain, S. lasalocidi JCM 3373T, alleviates salt stress and improves root architecture in soybean by secreting ICA1d. Our findings provide novel clues for the development of new microbial inoculant and the improvement of crop productivity under salt stress.

Nutritive value of cereal grains, protein meals and by-products for yellow mealworms

Abstract Nutritive value of raw materials is needed to formulate diets that fulfil the requirements of the yellow mealworms. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional value of six raw materials commonly used in yellow mealworm feeding (barley grain, corn grain, hominy feed, wheat bran, corn gluten feed and soybean meal) and to propose prediction equations for the nutritive value of raw materials from their chemical composition. From Monday to Friday 5 g of raw material and 20 g of gel (source of water and micronutrients) were daily supplied. After two days of fasting, frass was collected. This procedure was repeated for 6 weeks. During this period, the initial and final weight of the larvae, the consumption of the raw material offered, and the production of faeces were controlled. Raw materials and faeces were analysed for dry matter (DM), ashes, crude protein (CP), ether extract, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and gross energy (GE), from which their coefficients of digestibility were determined. The digestible energy (DE) content of the raw materials was 13.8, 14.2, 11.6, 8.7, 6.9, 11.3 MJ DE/kg DM and the digestible protein (DP) was 61, 52, 48, 74, 70 and 242 g DP/kg DM for the barley grain, corn grain, hominy feed, wheat bran, corn gluten feed and soybean meal, respectively. DE content of raw materials was closely correlated with their content on ashes, starch and ADF (−0.83, +0.69 and −0.65, respectively; ), while DP content was mainly correlated with their content on CP, starch and ether extract (+0.95, +0.60 and −0.69, respectively; ). It can be concluded that mealworms have a good ability to utilize cereal starch, wheat bran diets should be complemented with digestible carbohydrates and protein sources, and soybean meal may be a good source of vegetable protein for mealworms.

Rationale for obtaining protein concentrate of industrial hemp seeds of Cannabis sativa L. of modern selection based on mathematical modeling and its application in food production

In recent decades interest in hemp seed concentrates, which are characterized by a valuable amino acid composition and high nutritional value, has increased. Hemp seeds are sources of vegetable protein and essential components for maintaining health due to the rich content of protein compounds, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids. So, production of protein concentrates from oilseeds is becoming relevant. Taking this into account, it is relevant to conduct research aimed at developing and improving the technology for obtaining protein products from the seeds of industrial hemp Cannabis Sativa L of modern selection, as well as expanding the possibility of their use as a part of a different range of food products. The seeds of industrial hemp Cannabis Sativa L of modern selection were used as objects of the research. The studies used both generally accepted and special chemical, physicochemical and physical methods for studying the quality of raw materials and finished products. The research was carried out to improve the technology for obtaining protein concentrate from the seeds of industrial hemp Cannabis Sativa L. based on mathematical modeling of the process, which showed the greatest efficiency in extracting protein concentrate using a 20% alcohol solution as an extractant. Analysis of the composition of the resulting protein concentrate showed a predominant content of globulins. At the same time, the composition of globulin fractions, in comparison with albumin, indicates a great potential for the use of globulin in the formulations of functional food products, as well as a component of targeted technological action. In general, the studies have shown the feasibility of using protein concentrates from industrial hemp seeds of Cannabis Sativa L of modern selection in food products as a functional and technological ingredient.

Identification and Characterization of the DREB2C Drought-tolerant Gene in Peanut Cultivar L14 and Genetic Diversity Assessment of Some Peanut Cultivars based on SSR Markers Linked to Drought Tolerance

Background: Peanut is a widely cultivated food crop of the legume family and is a major source of vegetable oil and protein in the global agricultural economy. However, the productivity of peanuts is severely affected by abiotic stress, particularly drought. Therefore, it is necessary to identify genes related to abiotic stress tolerance and analyze genetic diversity by SSR markers related to drought tolerance in peanut varieties. Methods: PCR amplification was used for the isolation of the DREB2C gene. The DREB2C gene sequence was analyzed using bioinformatic tools to identify functional domains, 3D modeling structures and other important characteristics. RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate the expression level of the DREB2C gene in the different tissues of peanut cultivars. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on SSR markers linked to drought tolerance to assess the genetic diversity among peanut cultivars. Result: The present study identified the DREB2C gene in peanut cultivar L14. The gene encodes a polypeptide chain of 492 amino acids lacking transmembrane domains and signal peptides and with a conserved domain (AP2/ERF) and DNA binding site. The 3D protein structure was predicted with high confidence using various tools. The gene expression was investigated in different tissues and at different growth and developmental stages, as well as in various cultivars. Based on SSR markers linked to drought tolerance, the study revealed that peanut cultivars in Vietnam exhibit a medium level of diversity. It may be suggested that cross-breeding between different groups may increase variability among crops, allowing the generation of dominant varieties with improved drought tolerance.

Nutritional Potential of Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. Almonds as Compared to Some Oilseeds from Morocco: Evidence from Proximate Composition, Mineral Profiling, and Oil Physicochemical Traits

Nowadays, there is a great interest in the search for new sources of vegetable oils, natural bioactive compounds, and essential nutrients for human health. Oleaginous fruits and seeds are a good source of nutrients such as oil, carbohydrates, fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, fibers, vitamins, minerals, and proteins for the human diet. The main objective of this study was to compare the nutritional composition of Ziziphus lotus almonds (ZLA) with some well‐known seeds (argan kernel, nigella seed, cactus seed, and sesame seed) and to classify them by the mean of principle component analysis (PCA). The samples’ proximate composition, mineral profiling, and some physicochemical parameters of extracted oil were evaluated. Our results revealed that ZLA composition was as follows: oil yield (26.99 ± 1.52 g/100 g), proteins (30.79 ± 0.07 g/100 g), ash (6.5 ± 0.06 g/100 g), and moisture (3.62 ± 0.10 g/100 g). The mineral profile of ZLA consists mainly of P, K, Mg, and Ca. The main fatty acids in ZLA oil were oleic acid (60.73 ± 0.10 g/100 g), linoleic acid (18.75 ± 0.10 g/100 g), and palmitic acid (9.86 ± 0.10 g/100 g). β‐Sitosterol (67.92 ± 0.46 g/100 g) was the major sterol in ZLA, followed by stigmasterol (15.34 ± 0.35%) and campesterol (8.75 ± 0.12%). Total tocopherols were present at 523 ± 9.23 mg/kg in the oil. PCA analysis demonstrated that the ZLA composition was found to be close to that of sesame seeds. In conclusion, ZLA could be considered an alternative source of vegetable oils and protein as well as other various applications.

Identification of antihypertensive peptides from lupine using a machine learning approach

Bioactive products with antihypertensive biological activity, isolated from natural sources, have been the subject of growing interest in recent years. This is due to their widespread use in medicine for the treatment and prevention of various diseases, as well as dietary supplements for athletes or their inclusion in diets for overweight people. One such source is Lupine. Lupine beans are delicious and useful. They can be used in food as a nutritional source of vegetable proteins. They are also rich in polyphenols, carotenoids, and phytosterols. The approaches to screen antihypertensive peptides, based on information technologies and more concretely on machine learning, doubtlessly have higher throughput and rapid speed than the in vivo and in vitro procedures. Therefore, the scientific literature abounds with articles offering various artificial intelligence algorithms for predicting food-derived antihypertensive peptides. In this study, an Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm was developed for these purposes. The results showed that the AdaBoost model as a novel auxiliary tool is feasible to screen for antihypertensive peptides derived from food, with high throughput and high efficiency.

Nutritional composition of quinoa leafy greens: An underutilized plant-based food with the potential of contributing to current dietary trends

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) leafy greens (QLGs) are plant-based foods of high nutritional value that have been scarcely studied. In this work, the nutritional and functional composition of three QLGs varieties was evaluated. A protein content higher than 35 g 100 g−1 dw with a well-balanced essential amino acid composition was found making them a good source of vegetable protein. In addition, elevated contents of dietary fibre and minerals, higher than those detected in quinoa seeds and other leafy vegetables, were found. The lipid profile showed higher contents of linoleic (C18:2, ω6) (20.2 %) and linolenic acids (C18:3, ω3) (52.8 %) with low ω6/ ω3 ratios (∼0.4/1). A total sugar content <1 g 100 g−1 dw was found for all varieties tested, lower than that obtained in seeds. The saponin content varied between 0.76 and 0.87 %. Also, high values of total phenolic compounds (969.8–1195.4 mg gallic acid 100 g−1), mainly hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids, and great antioxidant activities (7.64–8.90 g Trolox kg−1) were found. Multivariate analysis here used allowed us to classify the samples according to the quinoa variety evaluated, and the sequential stepwise multiple regression applied revealed that the PUFA and sucrose contents negatively influenced the protein content while the palmitic acid content affected positively this parameter. Overall, this study shows that QLGs are promising nutritious and functional plant-based foods supporting the necessity of promoting their cultivation, commercialization, and consumption.

Pengaruh Pemberian Sari Kacang Hijau Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil Anemia

Anemia is a condition where the number and size of red blood cells or hemoglobin concentration is below the normal limit value. It is estimated that 52.5% of women in Southeast Asia experience anemia. Iron content. Green beans are a source of vegetable protein, vitamins (A, B1, C and E), as well as several other substances that are very beneficial for the human body. The aim of this research was to see the effect of giving green bean juice on increasing hemoglobin levels of anemic pregnant women in the Lubuk Buaya Padang Health Center work area. The research design used quantitative quasi-experimental methods, one group pretest-posttest design. The sample size was 15 pregnant women. Research results The average hemoglobin levels of pregnant women before and after being given green bean juice in the treatment group were 10.5 gr/dL and 11.4 gr/dl. In these results there was an increase in hemoglobin levels. There is an effect of giving green bean juice on increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia, the result is p value = 0.000 and the significance value is greater than 5% (p=0.000&lt;0.05 for the variable Hb level (0.000). This means that giving green bean juice can increase Hb levels of pregnant women. This study concluded that there was an effect of giving green bean juice on increasing the value of hemoglobin levels in pregnant women.

Aktivitas antioksidan, total polifenol, total flavonoid, dan sifat sensoris inovasi tempe kedelai dengan substitusi tepung daun kelor

One of our nation's original fermented products using soybean raw materials is Tempeh. Tempeh has been known as an inexpensive source of vegetable protein but tempeh also contains micronutrient compounds that play an important role in body health. To increase the content of micronutrient compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids which are known as sources of antioxidants, in this study Moringa leaf flour was added in the process of making tempeh. The purpose of this study was to determine how much the content of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidants in tempeh might increase with the addition of Moringa leaf flour. One factor experimental design was used, with the percentage of Moringa leaf flour (0 %, 3 %, and 6 %) as treatment. The observed variables: antioxidant activity (%), total polyphenols (mg GAE/g extract) and total flavonoids (µg/g). The antioxidant test results of tempe substituted with Moringa leaf flour (3 %) and (6 %) were (85.156 % and 93.67 %) higher than without the addition of Moringa flour which was only (68.166 %). To test the total polyphenols in tempe substituted with Moringa leaves (3 %) and (6 %) were (29.24 and 49.52 mg GAE/g extract) or 2-3.5 times the total polyphenols in tempe without Moringa leaf flour which only of (14.15 mg GAE/g extract). While the total flavonoid yields were: a) soybean tempeh without innovation of moringa leaf flour 642.19 (µg/g), b) soybean tempeh with innovation of 3 % Moringa leaf flour was 798.70 (µg/g), and c) soybean tempe with 6 % Moringa leaf flour innovation is 904.97 (µg/g). In conclusion, the antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids in the tempeh with the addition of moringa leaf flour increased above 100 %. In the descriptive organoleptic test, the panelists gave positive impressions for the parameters of cohesiveness, texture, taste, and aroma, except for the color of the tempeh

USE OF AZOLLA PINATA IN THE RATIONING OF POULET DE FASO BROILERS IN BURKINA FASO: INFLUENCE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, CUT PARTS AND ORGANS

The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth performance of chicken broilers Poulet du Faso fed rations incorporating Azzola pinata. Three growth-finishing diets were formulated and tested, including 02 experimental diets incorporating 5% (ED5) and 10% (ED10) azzola meal and a standard control without azzola (SCD). One hundred and five (105) chicks divided into batches of 35 chicks per diet were used for the experiment, which lasted 54 days (8 weeks). The results show that the growth rate of the chicks was significantly faster for ED5 and ED10 diets (p&lt;0.05), comparable for all diets for the last 2 weeks, and overall average daily gain (p˃0.05). The average daily feed intake (ADFI) of ED5 and ED10 were homogeneous(p˃0.05) and significantly higher than that of the SCD ration(p&lt;0.05) No significant difference in CI and FCPkgLW was noted between the 3 diets(p˃0.05).No significant differences in hot (RDTcc) and chilled (RDTcr) carcass yields and abdominal fat content (AFC) were observed between diets ED5, ED10 and SCD(p˃0.05). Among the organs and parts of the cut, only the average weight of the Thigh+Tail of diets SCD and ED5 were homogeneous(p˃0.05) and significantly higher than that of ED10(p&lt;0.05). Incorporating Azolla meal into the diet had no adverse effect on chicken carcass characteristics. Azolla meal can be recommended for use as a source of vegetable protein in chicken rations, particularly for purebred mixed breeds.

Metabolical and hematological responses of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) to diet composition

This study investigated the metabolic and hematological responses of silver catfish fed diets composed of different protein sources for 90 days. Six different diets were formulated: MBY (meat and bone meal + yeast); SY (soybean meal + yeast); S (soybean meal); MBS (meat and bone meal + soybean meal); FY (fish meal + yeast); FS (fish meal + soybean meal). In the liver, the concentration of glucose, lactate and protein was lower in fish fed SY and S diets. Liver glycogen did not differ between diets. At the muscular level, the glycogen, glucose, lactate content was lower in the FS diet, while the protein decreased in the fish that received the soybean meal-based diet (S). On the other hand, higher values of protein, glucose and lactate were observed in the diet containing meat and bone meal + soybean meal (MBS). The silver catfish fed diets based on fish meal (FY and FS) had a higher protein content in the kidney. Hematological parameters were influenced by diets. The absence of animal protein sources in the diets resulted in lower values of hematocrit and hemoglobin in silver catfish blood. It is concluded that diets containing vegetable and animal protein sources improve the nutritional and health status of silver catfish.

Pengaruh Pemberian Biochar Sekam Padi dan Molybdenum Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (GlycineMax. L.Merill) Pada Ultisol

Soybeans are a very important food crop commodity because they are the main source of vegetable protein. In jambi province, the ultisol soil type is dominated. Ultisols has the potential to be used as agricultural land. Improving proper soil conditions such as ultisols can be done by adding natural ingridients such as biuochar. Molybdenum plays a role in activating the nitrogenase enzyme to form root nodules in legume plants. The aim of thisn research to concentrate on the impact of biochar and Mo components on the devolment and yield of soybean plant in ultisols. This research was carried out at the Teaching and research farm, faculty of agriculture, jambi university for approximately 4 month starting fromseptember to december 2022. This research used a randomized block design (RAK) with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors, namely rice husk biochar and Molybdenum. Factor I biochar ( B) which consists of three dose levels, namely without biochar as a control (b0), biochar 6 (b1), biochar 12 (b2), Factor II Molybdenum consists of three dose levels, namely without molybdenum as a control (m0), 75 (m1), and 150 (m2). Thus three are 9 treatment combinationts. Each treatment was repeated 3 times that there were 27 exxperiental plots. The variables observed were plant height, leaf area, total dry weight, number of roor nodules, number of branches, number of pods, weight of 100 dry seeds, number of seeds per plant. To detemine the effect of treatment, statistical analisys was carried out using ANOVA, if the treatment shows a real difference to the observed variables, it is continued with the DMRT at the α = 5% levels. The results of the research show that each treatment has a single factor effect on the observed variables. In this study, there was no interraction between rich husk biochar and molybdenum on all the variables observed, but asw a single factor, rice husk biochar influenced the height and leaf area variables. Meanwhile, molybdenum effects leafarea, total dry weight, number of root nodules, number of pods, and weight poer plant. The rice husk biochar provided in this tusdy was not able to increase the Mo element in the soil, as well as nitrate reductas activity.

РЕГУЛЯТОРЫ РОСТА ПОВЫШАЮЩИЕ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СОИ

Plant growth regulators have a wide spectrum of physiological activity. Thanks to their action, resistance of soybean plants to adverse environmental factors, diseases, growth, development and quality is observed. Soy is the most widely used oilseed in the world. The world annual production of soybeans exceeds 260 million tons. It is the main edible plant and the main source of vegetable protein worldwide.The global demand for soybeans is constantly growing as its seeds provide essential proteins, oils and nutraceuticals. In an effort to meet the increased demand for this crop, it has become necessary to introduce cultural practices that promote adaptation to difficult environmental conditions, can improve soybean tolerance to abiotic stress and increase yields. Plant growth regulators are mainly used for this purpose due to their critical role in plant growth and development. One of the main growth regulators are such phytohormones as: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, brassinolides, ethylene, abscisic and jasmonic acid. Each of the groups of phytohormones produces its own characteristic action, which is similar in plants of different species. Cell division and elongation, which underlie all processes of growth and morphogenesis, are under the control of auxins and cytokines in plants, so their complete absence can lead to death. These compounds generally have a positive effect on the morphology, physiology and quality of the soybean crop. They are also able to regulate and control to a large extent the processes of growth and differentiation of plant cells. It should be noted that these phytohormones are required in small amounts for the activation and regulation of morphogenetic processes in soybean and other agricultural plants.

Genome-wide association study and high-quality gene mining related to soybean protein and fat

BackgroundSoybean is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and its protein and fat are the primary sources of edible oil and vegetable protein. The effective components in soybean protein and fat have positive effects on improving human immunity, anti-tumor, and regulating blood lipids and metabolism. Therefore, increasing the contents of protein and fat in soybeans is essential for improving the quality of soybeans.ResultsThis study selected 292 soybean lines from different regions as experimental materials, based on SLAF-seq sequencing technology, and performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the phenotype data from 2019–2021 Planted at the experimental base of Jilin Agricultural University, such as the contents of protein and fat of soybeans. Through the GLM model and MLM model, four SNP sites (Gm09_39012959, Gm12_35492373, Gm16_9297124, and Gm20_24678362) that were significantly related to soybean fat content were associated for three consecutive years, and two SNP sites (Gm09_39012959 and Gm20_24678362) that were significantly related to soybean protein content were associated. By the annotation and enrichment of genes within the 100 Kb region of SNP loci flanking, two genes (Glyma.09G158100 and Glyma.09G158200) related to soybean protein synthesis and one gene (Glyma.12G180200) related to lipid metabolism were selected. By the preliminary verification of expression levels of genes with qPCR, it is found that during the periods of R6 and R7 of the accumulation of soybean protein and fat, Glyma.09G158100 and Glyma.09G158200 are positive regulatory genes that promote protein synthesis and accumulation, while Glyma.12G180200 is the negative regulatory gene that inhibits fat accumulation.ConclusionsThese results lay the basis for further verifying the gene function and studying the molecular mechanisms regulating the accumulation of protein and fat in soybean seeds.

Current strategies for the management of valuable compounds from hops waste for a circular economy.

World beer production generates large volumes of waste discharged with every brew. Recently, new methods of reducing and reusing hops waste: hot trub (HT), and brewer-spent hops (BSH) are being exploited to improve the circular economy processes. This review outlines the current achievements in the management of hops waste. Following an in-depth review of various scientific publications, current strategies are discussed as a sustainable alternative to food waste exploitation and an inexpensive source of valuable compounds. Moreover, key aspects concerning the nutritional value of hops waste and the potential to enhance the functional properties of food and beverages are highlighted. Due to their nutritional composition, hops residues may be used as prospective sources of added-value co-products or additives for food enrichment, especially for products rich in fat, or as a new source of vegetable protein.

Penggunaan teknologi sonic bloom untuk meningkatkan produktivitas beberapa varietas tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril)

Introduction: Soybean is one of the main sources of vegetable protein. Seventy percent of the soybean needs in Indonesia is still imported, due to the low crop productivity and the declining area of soybean planting. Sonic bloom technology is an alternative to increase soybean productivity. This study aims to determine the pattern of the relationship between foliar fertilization intervals in the use of sonic bloom technology with soybean varieties. Method: The research used a factorial experiment using a randomized block design (RBD). The first factor is the interval of using sonic bloom, I5: 5-day interval, I10: 10-day interval, and I15: once every 15 days. The second factor was soybean varieties, VA: Anjasmoro, VD: Dega-1, and VM: Mallika (black soybean). The data obtained were analyzed for Analysis of Variance with the Fα = 0.05 test followed by the 5% Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test and correlation regression analysis.The results showed that different soybean varieties have different responses to plant length, number of leaves and leaf area at different intervals of sonic bloom exposure. Result: Soybean plants with thicker hairs (trichomes) such as the Dega-1 variety require the use of sonic bloom technology with shorter intervals compared to varieties with sparse hairs such as Anjasmoro and Mallika black soybeans. Conclusion: The use of sonic bloom technology was able to increase the productivity of soybean varieties Anjasmoro, Mallika and Dega-1 each by 68.3%; 48.3% and 10.5%.

Entomophagy as an alternative source of protein and a new food strategy

With the projected growth of the world population, an increase in food production on a sustainable commercial scale, the search for alternative sources of protein and a shift to new eating strategies are needed. The article provides an overview of the existing relevant scientific information based on the analysis of publications in international (PubMed, MedLine, Google Scholar) and domestic (RSCI) electronic databases. The review considers the phenomenon of entomophagy as a potential solution to the problem of food shortage in the world, its biomedical, ecological, sociocultural, evolutionary and economic features. The species of the most commonly used edible insects and the countries in which insect biomass products have become traditional in the diet of the population are described. The nutritional value and consumer attitude to such products are highlighted. Insect biomass products are characterized by a high content of proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and are superior in calories to traditional sources of animal and vegetable protein. In this regard, entomophagy has a preventive potential in the preparation of a diet and treatment for metabolic disorders, osteoporosis and other nosologies. The article notes gender differences in relation to adherence to entomophagy in Russia. Despite the revealed values of entomophagy, the issue of food safety for humans remains unresolved. Among the main concerns are the development of possible allergic reactions, the content of pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances in the composition of food from insect biomass. The review presents the prospects for increasing the share of consumption of insect products and the economic benefits that the globalization of entomophagy will entail.