Vegetable Pea Research Articles

Disease Resistance and Molecular Variations in Irradiation Induced Mutants of Two Pea Cultivars.

Induced mutation is useful for improving the disease resistance of various crops. Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew are two important diseases which severely influence pea production worldwide. In this study, we first evaluated Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew resistance of mutants derived from two elite vegetable pea cultivars, Shijiadacaiwan 1 (SJ1) and Chengwan 8 (CW8), respectively. Nine SJ1 and five CW8 M3 mutants showed resistant variations in Fusarium wilt, and the same five CW8 mutants in powdery mildew. These resistant variations were confirmed in M4 and M5 mutants as well. Then, we investigated the genetic variations and relationships of mutant lines using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Among the nine effective SSR markers, the genetic diversity index and polymorphism information content (PIC) values were averaged at 0.55 and 0.46, which revealed considerable genetic variations in the mutants. The phylogenetic tree and population structure analyses divided the M3 mutants into two major groups at 0.62 genetic similarity (K = 2), which clearly separated the mutants of the two cultivars and indicated that a great genetic difference existed between the two mutant populations. Further, the two genetic groups were divided into five subgroups at 0.86 genetic similarity (K = 5) and each subgroup associated with resistant phenotypes of the mutants. Finally, the homologous PsMLO1 cDNA of five CW8 mutants that gained resistance to powdery mildew was amplified and cloned. A 129 bp fragment deletion was found in the PsMLO1 gene, which was in accord with er1-2. The findings provide important information on disease resistant and molecular variations of pea mutants, which is useful for pea production, new cultivar breeding, and the identification of resistance genes.

Evaluation of the Performance of Parental Lines and their F1 Hybrids for Yield and Attributing Traits in Vegetable Pea [Pisum sativum (L.) var. hortense

The present investigation was carried out to obtain information based on per se performances of parents and their combinations for genetic improvement in vegetable pea. Ten promising genotypes were crossed in a diallel manner (excluding reciprocals). Half diallel set of 45 F1’s in vegetable pea was evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with three replications for eighteen yield and yield attributing traits during Rabi 2020-21 (Y1) and 2021-22 (Y2) at the Main Experimental Station (MES), Department of Vegetable Science, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) India. The study evident that highly significant differences were observed for most of the traits under study. Based on per se performance, parent P10 (60.84 g) exhibited the highest green pod yield per plant followed by P5 (55.80 g). The per se performance of crosses i.e. P7 x P10 (81.88 g) followed by P6 x P10 (81.87 g), P5 x P10 (79.66 g) and P5 x P7 (78.89 g) produced significantly higher green pod yield per plant than the general mean. These hybrids may be exploited as a new variety after selection and subjected to multi-locational trials for their release as cultivation on a commercial scale.

Nutritional value, quality of raw materials and food value of vegetable pea culture (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.)

Vegetable peas are by far the most widely used among the main vegetable legumes. Due to its high nutritional value, it has an important food value and is cultivated almost everywhere. High nutritional qualities of vegetable peas are determined by the content of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, as well as macro– and microelements. Pea protein is popular due to its affordable price compared to animal protein. The value of pea protein is determined by its amino acid composition and its high balance, especially valuable amino acids that are not synthesized in animals and humans.The article discusses the nutritional value of vegetable peas (green beans; fresh, frozen and canned vegetable peas; dry seeds); the content of water-soluble protein, amino acid composition, the content of macro- and microelements in the seeds of vegetable peas of FSBSI FSVC selection varieties; the quality of green peas as raw materials for canning, depending on the type of seeds and the structure of starch grains; requirements for the quality of raw vegetable peas for canning; seedlings and microgreens as useful and nutritious products for fresh consumption; medicinal properties of vegetable peas; varieties of vegetable peas for various uses.

DYNAMICS OF SHEET SURFACE AREA OF PEAS DEPENDENCE DEPENDING ON VARIETY FEATURES, SOIL LIMITATION AND NUTRITIONAL SYSTEM

The article presents the results of research on the influence of varietal characteristics, soil liming, fertilizers on the formation of the leaf surface area. The use of microfertilizers Vuxal Extra CoMo for pre-sowing seed treatment, foliar fertilization with microfertilizers Vuxal Microplant during vegetative growth and Vuxal Calcium, Boron during budding provided against the background of control of increasing leaf area by increasing vegetative growth and surface growth rate -37% depending on the stage of plant development in vegetable varieties Skinado and Somerwood. Limeing also helped to increase the leaf surface area of plants from 2.5 to 7.8% depending on the phase of development, in our opinion due to the indirect effect on the reaction of soil solution and improving nitrogen fixation processes in the soil. The highest index of leaf surface of vegetable pea varieties was observed in the experimental variants, where against the background of control pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo, foliar fertilization with microfertilizers Vuxal Microplant during vegetative growth and Vuxal Calcium, Boron, which changed from budding 1.15 to 1.17 in the Skinado variety and from 1.19 to 1.22 in the Somerwood variety. This was subsequently reflected in the indicators of the leaf index in the phase of flowering and bean formation. Leaf index in the phase of flowering and bean formation varied in Skinado variety from 1.58 to 1.59 and from 1.60 to 1.64.In the Somerwood variety in these phases, the leaf surface index was higher and varied from 1.64 to 1.68 in the flowering phase, and in the bean formation phase from 1.67 to 1.73. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves of vegetable peas largely depended on the phase of plant development, as well as the action of trace elements during seed treatment, foliar fertilization, and liming.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТИ СВЕТОДИОДНОГО ОСВЕЩЕНИЯ НА БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ МИКРОЗЕЛЕНИ ГОРОХА ОВОЩНОГО

The results of a comparative study of the effect of the duration of LED lighting are presented (8, 10, 12, 14, 16 hour) on 13 characteristics of the biochemical composition of vegetable peas microgreens (Pavlusha variety) - the content of dry, tannic and pectin substances, free organic, ascorbic and hydroxycinnamic acids, soluble sugars, total protein and albumins, the main groups of bioflavonoids and the indicator of the sugar acid index. The dry matter content in the studied samples was 9.3-11.8 %, the content of free organic, ascorbic and hydroxycinnamic acids in the dry mass was 4.35-8.46 %, 359.8-487.8 mg/100 g and 1465.1-1956.0 mg/100 g, respectively. The content of soluble sugars was from 8.8 to 13.2 % with significant variant differences in the indicator of the sugar acid index, which varied in the range of 1.04-3.03. At the same time, the parameters of the accumulation of pectin substances were 3.884.54 %, the content of tannins - 1.23-1.92 %. The almost complete absence of anthocyanin pigments in the pea microgreens was found, the content of flavonols varied in the range of 1711.7-2189.2 mg/100 g, and catechins - 376.7-483.0 mg/100 g. At the same time, a high content of proteins and their valuable part - soluble proteins (albumins), which varied in mg/g of dry weight in the ranges of 412.3-443.4 and 8.38-18.0, was found in the microgreens. The considerable width of the ranges of variation of the biochemical characteristics of the micro-green peas testified to their significant dependence on the duration of LED lighting, which was ambiguous. The least significant changes in the biochemical composition of peas microgreens relative to the control (12 hours duration) were detected at 10 and 14 hours of illumination duration, while the greatest - at 8 and especially at 16 hours duration. At the same time, the highest integral level of nutritional and vitamin value of products according to the totality of biochemical characteristics is set at 14 hours of illumination, while the minimum is at 8 hours.

Market Outlet Decision in the Value Chain of Vegetable Pea in Hilly Region of Kumaon, Uttarakhand, India

Market Outlet Decision in the Value Chain of Vegetable Pea in Hilly Region of Kumaon, Uttarakhand, India

Long term effect of different crop rotations on soil physical properties in a Mollisol

The present study was conducted for the study about the effect of different rotations on physical properties in a Mollisol. The study area was located at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, which lies at 290N latitude, 790 3’ E longitude and 243.84 m above the mean sea level altitude. The crop rotation selected for study were T1 (Rice- Wheat-Fallow) T2 (Rice- Vegetable pea- Summer Rice) T3 (Maize- Wheat- Cowpea) T4 (RiceWheat- Sesbania) T5 (Maize- Toria- Urd) T6 (Rice- Yellow Sarson- Grain Cowpea) T7 (Multi-Cut Sorghum- Barseem + Oat- Maize + Cowpea) T8 (Napier + Fodder cowpea- Barseem- Fodder cowpea) T9 (Basmati rice- Potato- Maize Cob) T10 (Maize- Broccoli- Okra) T11 (fallow (uncultivated land)). The soil sample was collected from 20cm depth for the study of soil physical properties (soil color, soil texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, and water holding capacity). Among the different crop rotations, T4 treatment was obtained a significantly high value (except bulk density) of soil texture, particle density, porosity, and water holding capacity. T11 (except bulk density) treatment was obtained a significantly lowest value of soil texture, particle density, porosity and water holding capacity Results indicated that soil under Sesbania rotation was found superior with respect to soil physical properties followed by other crop rotation and the uncultivated land. By taking a crop for a long time on same and using chemical fertilizers that are decrease of soil physical properties. Therefore, in this experiment taking different crop rotations. under the different crop rotations, soil physical properties influenced positively and especially the green manure cycle has had the greatest positive impact. According to experimental data concluded that incorporation of green manure crop rotations was effect more positive an effect on soil physical properties. Crop rotations and green manure crops are improved soil physical properties and soil health.

Influence of climatic indicators on the dynamics of the growing season duration and forecasting vegetable peas’ harvest date

The aim of the study was to determine the variability of climatic factors, to assess their influence on the yield and the duration of interfacial periods of vegetable pea varieties. The experiment was carried out from 2000 to 2019. 4 varieties with shrunken seeds of different ripening groups were studied. For interfacial periods, the sum of effective temperatures above 4.4 °C (ET), the sum of heat units from 4.4 °C (HU), the sum of active temperatures above 10 °C (SAT), the sum of precipitation (SP), the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC), the number of days with temperatures above 30 °C (T>30 ° C), with precipitation from 1 to 20 mm/day (1<P, mm<20) and with precipitation over 20 mm/day (P, mm>20) were calculated. In the south of Russia, the yield of vegetable peas is limited by precipitation frequency (from 1 mm to 20) on the days from sowing to technical ripeness. The studied parameters of environmental conditions characterizing the provision of moisture (HTC, SP, 1<P, mm<20, P, mm>20) and the number of days with T>30°C have a high level of variability. The number of days from sowing to sprouting and SAT of the “sprouting-technical ripeness” period are stable traits recommended for predicting the harvesting date of vegetable peas. A significant reduction in the growing season and its components was established in varieties of medium and late ripening when comparing modern (2000-2019) and earlier data (1964-1990). The results obtained indicate climatic changes, in connection with which it becomes necessary to use earlier varieties in production.

Intervention of farmers’ centric technologies on production and profitability of off season vegetables in Uttarakhand

The impact of farmers’ friendly technologies revealed that introduction and demonstration of high yielding hybrids and varieties, proper nutrient and pest management resulted in enhancement of production and profitability. The results of the demonstrations indicated that Indra hybrid of capsicum fetched 135q/ha average yield, GS-385 hybrid of cauliflower gave 263.40q/ha, Shivay hybrid of tomato obtained 316.00 q/ha, GS-10 variety of vegetable pea recorded 142.00 q/ha and Falguni variety of French bean received 134.50 q/ha average yield when they grew under proper nutrient and pest management. They resulted in 55.81 to 85.51% higher in yield in the demonstrations over farmer's field. Similarly, the net income of capsicum was Rs 367735/ha, cauliflower manifested Rs. 368390/ha, tomato exhibited Rs. 315195/ha, vegetable pea resulted Rs. 174220/ha and French bean received Rs. 231680/ha. The summary of field demonstrations indicated that the total of about Rs. 665.68 crores additional income may be earned from commercial cultivation of these five vegetables as an off season in hills of Uttarakhand.

ВИРОБНИЦТВО ЗЕРНА ГОРОХУ В ЗОНІ СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ ТА ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЙОГО ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ШЛЯХОМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БІОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ

According to the results of economic analysis, the tendencies of development of grain legume crop production in natural and climatic conditions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine for the period 1990–2020 are established. The place of grain legumes and peas in the structure of sown areas, both in the Steppe zone and Ukraine whole is determined. The dynamics of indicators of harvested areas, yield and gross yield of peas in the Steppe zone for the last five years are analyzed; the reasons of instability of annual gross yield of pea grain and dynamic fluctuations of its productivity are established. The pea grain production efficiency was investigated. Peculiarities of territorial location of pea production in the regions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine were analyzed. According to the economic analysis, the need for measures to improve the efficiency of pea grain production, in particular, the implementation of progressive agricultural measures was established. For chemical load mitigation and ecologization of growing grain legumes crops, it was determined that the primary direction is an application of effective biological products. The article presents the results of the production inspection on compliance of application of biological products and their combinations under the cultivation of peas, which was conducted during 2013–2017 on the areas of the Hryvas farm of Piatykhatky district of Dnipropetrovsk region. The following biological preparations were used: Reacom-C-Beans – for seed incrustation; phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria – for inoculation of sowing material; a three-component mixture of Krystalon, Agat-25K and Aktofit for spraying vegetative pea plants. It was carried out a substantiation of cost standards on production of pea grain, which was grown under the different variants of biological products application, on the basis of process flow diagram of cultivation. According to the results of the production inspection, the most effective variants of biological products application were identified both in terms of productivity and economic efficiency. Key words: peas, production, economic efficiency, biological products, yield, cost, profitability.

Studies on the effect of culture, liquid and capsulated bio fertilizer on growth attributes of vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.)

The experiment was conducted at the farm of Research cum Demonstration Farm, DKSCARS, Bhatapara, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) during the rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The growth parameters like days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of nodules per plant, fresh weight of nodules per plant (mg), dry weight of nodules per plant (mg), fresh plant weight per plant (g) were significantly superior in the T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100% RDF), while remained other treatments namely T12 (Rhizobium (Culture) + P.S.B. (Culture) + 100% RDF), T14 (Rhizobium (Capsulated) + P.S.B. (Capsulated) + 100 % RDF), T2 (RDF Only (25:50:50) NPK/ha), T5 (Rhizobium (Capsule) + PK Supplied Through Fertilizer (0:50:50)), T1 (Control (no fertilizer apply)) for cut flower production and garden display under Chhattisgarh plain. The mean data revealed that among all the treatments, significant earliness in days to 50 % flowering (33.95) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100 % RDF). The mean data at harvest, revealed that, significantly highest plant height (55.47) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100 % RDF). The mean data at harvest revealed that, significantly highest number of branches per plant (11.12) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100% RDF). The significant highest number of nodules per plant (28.29) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100% RDF). The significant highest fresh weight of nodules per plant (mg) (4450.00) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100% RDF). The significant maximum dry weight of nodules per plant (mg) (825.00) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100 % RDF). The significant fresh plant weight per plant (g) (141.00) was noted in treatment T13 (Rhizobium (Liquid) + P.S.B. (Liquid) + 100% RDF).

USE OF MICRO FERTILIZERS AND PREPARATIONS IN GROWING PEAS IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE

The article highlights the results of studying the impact of foliar fertilization with microfertilizers “Nanomix”, “Rostock”, “Reacom”, “Kvantum”, bacterial preparations “Azotofit”, “Phytocid”, “Biocomplex-BTU” and “Organic- balance"”on the yield of peas Oplot. The field research was conducted under the conditions of the educational-scientific and practical center of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University of the Southern Steppe Zone of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental field is the southern blacksoil of medium-loamy weakly saline. For pea sowing, grainy sowing was used СЗ-3,6 ASTRA with a sowing rate of 220 kg/ha (800000 pieces of germinating seeds per 1 hectare). The depth of seed seeding was – 5-6 cm. Seeds treated with Vitavax200 FF disinfectant (2.5-3 l / t) were used for sowing. Different variants of applying preparations in the phase of branching, budding and joint processing of plants have been researched. The efficiency of foliar fertilization preparations on the formation of pea yield has been analysed. The maximum yield of peas was formed using foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Nanomix in the phase of branching and budding in conjunction with the biological product Organic-balance and was 2.74 t / ha. With the use of biologicals on the background of microfertilizer Nanomix, the best option for the formation of crop yields of peas (2.56 t / ha) was foliar feeding in the branching phase + budding phase. By factor B, the best option was fertilization with Nanomix in the branching phase + budding phase, with a yield of 2.63 t / ha, and among the biological products for foliar feeding was Organic Balance, which formed an average yield of 2.58 t / ha. Our calculated polynomial correlation-regression dependences of pea yield on the use of Nnomix microfertilizer and biological preparations at different phases of plant treatment have showed that there is a very strong relationship between these formulations, which have been taken for the research and the yield. The coefficient of determination (R2) ranges from 0.651 to 0.940 with the use of Azotofit, from 0.658 to 0.903 - Phytocid, from 0.687 to 0.706 - Biocomplex and from 0.922 to 0.956 - Organic balance varies from 0.651 to 0.956, which is on a scale Cheddock characterized by such a statistical relationship as medium and strong. As a result of our research on the use of preparations and microfertilizers for foliar feeding of vegetative pea plants in different phases of its growth, the best options were using microfertilizers Reacom and Kvantum in the branching phase and the tank mixture of microfertilizers Reacom and Kvantum with Biocomplex-BTU and Organic balance in the budding phase. These options provided a pea yield of 2.86-2.91 t / ha.

Conservation tillage and organic nutrients management improve soil properties, productivity, and economics of a maize‐vegetable pea system in the Eastern Himalayas

AbstractSoil quality restoration and sustainable crop production in the rainfed ecosystem of the Indian Himalayas can be achieved through effective conservation tillage and organic management. Hence, a six‐year (2013 to 2019) study was conducted to quantify the effect of tillage and organic nutrient management on soil properties, productivity, and profitability of the maize‐vegetable pea (Pisum sativum) system. Three tillage practices [conventional (CT), reduced (RT), and no‐till (NT)] and four organic nutrients management practices [(ONM)‐farmyard manure @ 8 Mg ha−1farmers practice (ONM1), 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through manures (ONM2), 75% RDN through manures + maize/vegetable pea stover in either of the crops (ONM3), and 50% RDN through manures + maize/vegetable pea stover in either of the crops (ONM4)] were tested. The results indicated that the NT had higher soil organic carbon (SOC, 16.49 g kg−1), available N (354.5 kg ha−1), and lesser bulk density (1.31 Mg m−3) and penetration resistance (1.85 MPa) in comparison with that of CT at 0–10 cm depth. The system productivity under NT was 9.6% higher than that obtained under CT. The ONM3had higher SOC content, plant‐available N, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) than ONM1. The integration of RT‐ONM2enhanced SMBC, DHA, maize, and vegetable pea yield by 27.2%, 35.7%, 38.0%, and 60.3%, respectively, over CT‐ONM1. Thus, the study suggested that the adoption of effective conservation tillage with adequate organic nutrient management has the potential to advance the soil properties and productivity of maize‐vegetable pea system in the Himalayan Region.

Patriot – new variety of vegetable pieas

Relevance. The purpose of the research was to produce a new medium-ripe, high-yielding variety of vegetable peas with the usual type of leaf to expand the variety in the now used conveyor variety selection of the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch.Materials and methods. The experience was laid on the fields of the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch (Russia, Krasnodar Region, Krymsk) in 2019-2020. Varieties and strain were evaluated in a competitive variety testing. Sowing was carried out with a selection seeder SKS-6-10. The plot area was 10 m2 , the experiment was repeated four times. In the phase of technical ripeness, the sheaves were selected for description and the yield was taken into account. The conservation of green peas was done at the Tech Evaluation Lab.Results. Competitive variety testing in the mid-ripeness group was held by two strains 2014/7 and 344/16. The strain 2014/17 for green pea yields surpassed the standard "Parus" and G-344/16 in both years of study. Fresh and processed green peas were rated by the Tasting Commission at 5.0 and 4.8 points, respectively. High yield is achieved due to the paired beans on the peduncle and a large number of grains in the bean, up to 10 pieces. The grain in technical ripeness has a dark green color and the linear dimensions are 9.0x8.1 mm. In biological maturity, the seeds are intensely green, angular-compressed with a mass of 1000 pieces. 188-225 g.Conclusion. The results of field and laboratory analyses carried out on the complex of economicvaluable characteristics made it possible to distinguish the strain 2014/7, which in 2020 was transferred to the State Variety Testing under the name "Patriot". It is recommended as a supplement to the existing set of vegetable pea varieties of the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch in the mid-ripe group.

Selection of green peas for the canning industry with a small grain size

Relevance. Therefore, at present, varieties with an average seed size are used for the production of canned "green peas". In this regard, it is important to create varieties with a mass of 1000 seeds less than 150 g for the production of premium canned food.Methods. The object of research was the lines of hybrids of vegetable peas of different ripeness groups with a low weight of 1000 seeds.Results. At the initial stage of the work, plants with a low mass of 1000 seeds and green cotyledons were selected and brought to constant lines over several years. Over the years of sampling, the weather conditions were with sharp changes in temperature and precipitation. This made it possible to single out samples with low variability of the selected characters based on the totality of characters. In 2018-2019, the selected lines were studied according to the characteristics of productivity and manufacturability during the period of technical ripeness in the nursery of competitive variety testing of vegetable peas. To determine the duration of the technical ripeness period and its relationship with the yield, the green peas were harvested in three periods, starting with the minimum density indicators (34-35 units) and with an interval of three days. When determining the fractional composition of green peas, sample 4.12 was isolated, which received the varietal name Smaylik. Green peas of this variety had a fairly high uniformity and small grain diameter with a predominance of fractions of 5-8.5 mm and 8.6-9.9 mm. Sample 12.12 was close to Smaylik in its performance. According to the results of competitive variety testing, the Smaylik variety in 2019 was transferred to the State variety testing of the Russian Federation.

Inheritance and stability studies of multi–flowering trait in vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.), and its contribution in yield improvement

Multi–flowering (MF) is considered a rare trait in vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.), and detailed studies about its inheritance in different background or stability across season and location is not yet thoroughly investigated. In this study, nine cross combinations were studied, involving five parental genotypes forming 01 to 05 flowers per peduncle (FPP). The F2 progenies of two cross combinations viz., [VRP–386 (2FPP) × VRP–500 (3FPP)] and [VRP–386 (2FPP) × VRPM–501 (3FPP)] showed 13:3 (2FPP:MF) segregation or inhibitory gene action regulating the MF trait. Whereas, in other three cross combinations viz., [VRPSel–17(1FPP) × VRPM–501(3FPP)], [VRPSel–17(1FPP) × VRPM–901–5(5FPP)] and [VRP–500(3FPP) × VRPSel–17(1FPP)], the F2 plants segregated in 12:3:1 (2FPP:1FPP:MF) ratio, showing presence of dominant epistasis. Further, the frequency of 3FPP varied from 3.89% to 19.76% in different parental genotypes. When studied together, the inheritance of flower colour and number of FPP showed an independent assortment in F2 generation. The stability analysis was performed to identify the most stable MF genotype and AMMI analysis of variance for pod yield showed significant environment, genotype, and G × E interactions (p = 0.0001). The higher Principal Component (PC1 and PC2) scores of the MF genotype VRPM–901–5 (G8) showed its better yield potential (mean yield 176.22 q/ha) and stability. Further, the MF genotype VRPM–901–5 (G8) yielded nearly 3-times and 1.5-times more than the 1FPP [VRPSel–17 (G1)] and the 2FPP cultivars [PC-531 (G2) and VL-8 (G3)], respectively. Thus, these MF genotypes are the potential parents to increase the number of FPP, and also to boost the yield of vegetable pea.

Creating new varieties of vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.) using multicomponent crossings

Vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.) is an important food product containing high balanced combination of protein-carbohydrate complex, biologically active and mineral substances. The need for canned green peas in our country is not satisfied due to our own production. With the increasing competitiveness of varieties, further study and use of the potential for intraspecific hybridization is necessary. To achieve breeding goals to increase the productivity of vegetable peas, to strengthen other traits, it is important to increase the recombination of gametes from several varieties, so complex crosses are becoming increasingly important. The aim of the study is to create the source material of the early and mid-ripening groups of ripening with new economically valuable traits and to produce highly productive canned peas. For the first time, using the method of complex crosses involving geographically distant and morphologically different forms, high-quality pea varieties of canned vegetable peas were created using different ripeness groups, with an optimal combination of productivity elements suitable for mechanized cultivation technologies. The created adaptive varieties of peas of intensive vegetable type with delayed polymerization of sugars and a high content of amylose fraction in starch are competitive with foreign analogues in productivity and taste: Gribovsky jubilee, Maxdon, Corsair, Triumph, Barin.

Вплив обробки насіння гороху овочевого бором і молібденом на ріст і розвиток рослин залежно від строків сівби

Influence of vegetable pea seed treatment with boron and molybdenum on plant growth and development depending on sowing period The article is devoted to the influence of terms of sowing and processing of pea seeds with boron and molybdenum fertilizers on plant development in the conditions of the south of Ukraine. The possibility of obtaining a sustainable harvest and high quality pea products for its further preservation has been proved. It is established that the action of boron and molybdenum delays the onset of phenological phases of culture development, and the use of two different sowing dates allows to delay the onset of the phase of technological maturity for 6 days. This is important when harvesting for minimal crop losses of vegetable peas in southern Ukraine. Keywords: vegetable peas, nutrients, boron and molybdenum fertilizers, physiological processes, leaf surface index.

PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF VEGETABLE PEAS DEPENDING ON VARIETY FEATURES, LIMITATION OF SOIL AND NUTRITIONAL SYSTEM

It is known that the growth and development of plants, including vegetable peas, depend on the presence and assimilation of nutrients by plants from the soil and their photosynthesis. With the deterioration of the stages of the process of one of the components changes the passage and functions of the other, which are one whole process of plant nutrition. Conducting the research, on average, during the period of full germination-technical maturity in the control variant with the application of mineral fertilizers N30P60K60, and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin photosynthetic potential in pea varieties Skinado and Somerwood was 2.039 and 2.254 million m2 / day. While pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo against the background of mineral fertilizers N30P60K60 and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Rhizobophit in pea varieties Skinado and Somerwood compared to the control photosynthetic potential increased by 0.472 and 0.530 million m² di. The maximum indicators of photosynthetic potential in the varieties Skinado - 3,078 and Somerwood - 3,427 million m² days / ha were obtained on the variant of the experiment, where liming was carried out (1.0 norms per hectare) against the background of mineral fertilizers N30P60K60 and pre-sowing seed treatment Rhizobophit and microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo and applied foliar fertilization with microfertilizers Vuxal Microplant during vegetative growth and Vuxal Calcium, Boron during budding. Depending on liming and foliar feeding the increase in dry matter reaches its maximum in the phase of technical maturity This is 1.020 and 1.173 million m² / day more than in the control. In the same variant, the maximum rates of dry matter growth were observed in Skinado varieties - 6.23 and Somerwood - 7.39 t / ha, which is 1.42 and 1.43 t / ha more than in the control.

STUDY OF PLANT DENSITY AND DURATION OF THE VEGETATION PERIOD OF VEGETABLE PEAS DEPENDING ON TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF GROWING

The best variant of the experiment is the application of lime (1 norm per year), mineral fertilizers with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin and microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo, foliar fertilization in the budding phase with microfertilizer Vuxal Microplant during vegetative growth and Vuxal budding, which provided the density of standing in vegetable varieties Skinado and Somerwood at 1179.8 and 1183.1 thousand / ha. This is higher than the control by 91.3 and 90.8 thousand / ha. Field germination of seeds was higher in the variant, where against the background of mineral fertilizers carried out pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin and microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo with the introduction of lime (1 norm per year) field germination was in vegetable varieties Skinado and Somerwood - 91.8 %, which is higher than in the control by 3.9 and 3.6%, respectively. The shortest duration of the period of germination-beginning of technical maturity was observed in the variants of the experiment, where against the background of mineral fertilizers N30P60K60, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin was carried out and in pea varieties Skinado - 54 days and Somerwood - 57 days. Carrying out pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Vuxal Extra CoMo microfertilizer against the background of mineral fertilizer N30P60K60 and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin led to prolongation of the period of germination-beginning of technical ripeness in Skinado pea varieties up to 55 days and 58 Somerwood. A longer period of seedlings-beginning of technical maturity was observed in the variants of the experiment, where mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin and microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo, foliar fertilization with microfertilizers Vuxal Microplant during vegetative growth, Wuxal and Skinado pea varieties - 58 days and Somerwood - 61 days. Key words: vegetable peas, variety, rhizotorphin, foliar feeding.