Vedic Research Articles

Penerapan Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Hindu Dalam Kitab Nitisastra Untuk Membentuk Perilaku Anak Suputra

Hindu religious education is the implementation and internalization of values originating from the Vedic scriptures and other Hindu religious scriptures. One of the Hindu religious scripture that teaches about how to shape the behavior of superhuman children is the Nitisastra. The purpose of this study was to describe the application of Hindu religious educational values in the Nitisastra scripture to shape the behavior of the superhuman children. The method used is qualitative research, with data collection techniques namely observation, interviews and literature study. The results of the study show that Nitisastra contains knowledge about noble values and views of life in society that are worthy of being used as a way of life. In a family, naturally someone yearns for the birth of an ideal son according to the teachings of Hinduism, namely the son of suputra. A child who is virtuous, intelligent, wise, and proud of his family can be called a son of a son. The Nitisastra scripture can be used as a guide for parents to educate their children, because nowadays there are many cases of children who do not respect their parents. The Nitisastra scripture explains that the role of the family (father and mother) is to educate and shape the behavior of the sons of suputra so that one day they will be able to become the next generation.

Science Embedded Vedic Philosophy and Educational Implications

This study focuses on the Vedas, considering the earliest literary record of Hindu philosophy, a number of concepts related to science are found embedded in the Vedic texts, and there are many its educational implications for Nepal. The Veda is the original scripture containing spiritual as well as scientific knowledge encompassing all aspects of human life. The main aim of this study is to find out the certain concepts of science in Vedic scripture and see their educational implications. The scientific notion embedded in the Veda has been searched with a hermeneutic approach from Vedic hymns and commentaries. The ancient seers had recognised the scientific value of natural forces and they commended them as deities. Beyond this, they have formulated the universal law of heavenly forces and human beings. Moreover, the Veda is accepted as the most ancient and sacred text that has been guiding not only the cultural, religious and spiritual lives of Hindu people but also their thinking, inquiry and wisdom, encouraging its readers for social harmony, balance and multiplicity. And therefore, we recommend scientific ideas from the Vedic texts should be incorporated in the school curriculum of Nepal.

Search Engine on Vedas

The Search Engine on Vedas Project is an effort to create a comprehensive and user-friendly search engine for the vast corpus of Vedic literature. The project involves digitizing and indexing a diverse range of Vedic texts, including hymns, rituals, commentaries, and translations, and developing a user-friendly interface that allows efficient searching and browsing. The search engine employs advanced search algorithms, such as natural language processing and machine learning, to enable users to search for specific keywords, phrases, or concepts within the Vedic texts. The interface is designed to be intuitive and customizable, with options for filtering and sorting search results based on various criteria, such as author, type of text, language, and publication date. The project also includes interactive features, such as multimedia resources, glossaries, and forums, to facilitate a more engaging and immersive user experience. Additionally, the search engine aims to provide a platform for collaborative research and knowledge-sharing among scholars and enthusiasts of Vedic literature.

Exploration of Curcumin against Various Biological Disorders: Mechanism of Action and Pharmacotherapeutics

Abstract: Synthetic drug usage has risen substantially, although plant-based medicines are more appropriate in terms of adverse effects. Through the classical era, humans relied on Phyto moieties to cure several illnesses, the most common of which is curcumin, the main phenol derived from the various varieties of turmeric. Its therapeutic and medicinal qualities are described in the Vedic Scriptures and Chinese medicine. Curcumin has been widely researched for its pleiotropic action, which includes anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The manuscript aims to describe the sources, properties, and pharmacological activities of curcumin. Turmeric is grown in entire India and curcumin is a major phytoconstituent of turmeric. It has pharmacological activities like antioxidant, analgesic, anticarcinogenic, chemo-preventive, anti-inflammatory, chemo-therapeutic, antifungal, antibacterial, antitumor, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory activities. Curcumin has been recommended in various research to have anticancer effects on several biochemical pathways associated with metastatic disease, cell cycle regulation, and so on. It can be concluded from the findings of the pieces of literature that curcumin is an important phytoconstituent and has the potential to treat various biological disorders. Curcumin’s anti-tumor efficacy is the most prominent research activity being carried by the researchers world-wide. In the present review, the authors have summarized the important pharmacological activities of curcumin and the mechanism of action involved to forecast the pharmacotherapeutic effect like for anticancer effect (suppression of NF-KB, intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, PKC inhibition and many more), for anti-viral effect (Interfering Genomic Replication, Inhibiting Virus attachment, Activation of cellular signaling Pathways, etc.), for Anti-diabetic (AMPK activation, Decreased liver fat deposition, etc.), for neuroprotective effect (Increased p-Akt and p-mToR levels, Reducing p-p338, LC-II/LC-I, p-38 levels, etc.) and for other activities also like antibacterial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant.

TRACING THE ROOTS OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020 AND THE INDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS PERTAINING TO IT

‘We desire character in education, humanism in science, morality in politics, prosperity endeavors, commercial integrity, discretion in happiness, and sacrifice in religion.’-Swami RamatirthThe Vedas and Vedic literature served as the foundation for the extensive cultural education system of ancient. In the Vedic age, education prepared learners for life after schooling in this world as well as for total realisation, independence, and self-realization. It was achieving two goals at once: self-realization and socialisation. Great academics were developed by the enlightening Gurukul system, creating the groundwork for elaborate subject-specific education. Their knowledge of the life sciences, astronomy, mathematics, yoga, and metalworking made a significant contribution to the globe. With the Apex Court's judicial rulings, new Article 21 A was added to the Indian Constitution, which is the most revered legal document for system governance. Following that, the New Education Policy, 2020, which served as the basis for the current educational system, represented the same heritage of ancient Indian Knowledge. It acknowledges the need to restructure the entire structure of the educational system, from early childhood through higher education and research. The urgent need is for this radical transformation of the educational system, especially as the globe shifts into a digital era driven by cutting-edge technology.By focusing on three different areas, the writers of this study have attempted to highlight the same theme of improving the educational system. In order to study ideas about quality education that are expressed in ancient texts and discourses pertinent to 21st-century education, let's first take a broad historical overview. The second section of the research summarises the interacting effects of educational restructuring in NEP, 2020 with vocational education stratification structures in contrast to ancient Indian education. The third and most important section analyses Article 21A of the Indian Constitution and NEP 2020 provisions in relation to "Atamanirbhar Bharat."

Implementation of Flipped Classroom as Student-Centered Learning Implementation in Awatara Learning of 7 Grade At SMP Negeri Satap 2 Kintamani

Talking about learning and teaching certainly cannot be separated from how skilled an educator is in developing learning strategies. This also applies to all subjects taught, one of which is Hinduism. Learning Hinduism aims to build morals and virtuous behavior through the guidelines of the holy book, namely the Vedas, so this causes many educators in the field of Hinduism to only focus on conveying teachings from the Vedic scriptures, especially the story of Avatar by delivering material through the lecture method. without paying attention to the interests of their students. Even though in this era of globalization, children are often easily influenced by foreign cultures so interest in exploring their own beliefs is reduced, and each student has a variety of learning styles. The ability of educators to design learning strategies greatly influences students' interest in Hinduism lessons and students can internalize and deepen the moral values that are learned through the learning process they go through, one of which is by implementing flipped classrooms as an implementation of student-centered learning in Avatara learning for learning experiences which is more meaningful. This research is qualitative in nature with data collection methods in the form of participant observation. The results obtained are that through the flipped classroom students can train their creative thinking skills well and can create innovations based on moral values obtained from Avatara learning. The conclusion from this study is that flipped classes can be a solution to teaching strategies for learning Avatara material as the application of student learning centered for a meaningful learning process amid the demands of teachers who must understand the diverse student learning styles.

Funeral Rituals in Vedic Literature

In Hinduism, funeral is called last rites. Similar to the marriage rituals, the rituals related to the funeral are also mentioned in the Vedic literature. Antyeshti means the last sacrifice. This Yajna is performed for the dead body of a person who has died. Religious scriptures believe that the insatiable desires of the living being are pacified by performing the rituals performed in the funeral rites of the dead body. Leaving all the illusions and bonds, he moves from the earth to the other world. For this reason, the dead body is duly cremated.
 Abstract in Hindi Language:
 हिन्दू धर्म में अन्त्येष्टि को अंतिम संस्कार कहा जाता है। वैवाहिक विधि- विधानों के समान, अन्त्येष्टि से संबन्धित प्रथाओ का भी वैदिक साहित्य में निर्देश है। अंत्येष्टि का अर्थ होता है अंतिम यज्ञ। यह यज्ञ मरने वाले व्यक्ति के शव के लिए किया जाता है।धर्म शास्त्रों की मान्यता है कि मृत शरीर की विधिवत अंतिम संस्कार में होने वाले कर्मकांड को करने से जीव की अतृप्त वासनायें शान्त हो जाती हैं। वह सभी मोह माया और बंधनों को त्यागकर पृथ्वी लोक से परलोक की ओर गमन करता है। इसी निमित्त मृत देह का विधिवत संस्कार किया जाता है।
 Keywords: नरयाग, अन्त्येष्टि क्रिया, प्राग्-दाह, दाहयज्ञ, प्रत्यावर्तन, उदककर्म

“Om”: Singing Vedic Philosophy for Music Education

Abstract: Extending a nascent line of Asian philosophical research in music education, we mine Indian philosophies of music and education. Three key questions guide our project: What are Vedic philosophies of music? What are Vedic philosophies of education? Taken together, what insights can we draw for contemporary music education writ large? To address our questions, we analyze key passages from the Upanishads and synthesize ideas from these texts. A quartet of inter-related ideas emerge from our analysis: the guru , the shishya, vidya , and moksha . In brief, the guru (teacher) is revered as one would god, for it is the teacher who leads the shishya (student) toward vidya (knowledge) and through that toward moksha (liberation of the soul), which can also be attained via making music, such as the singing of Om (the absolute sound). In addition to proffering insights for contemporary music education, particularly in terms of how the ancient Vedic guru-shishya parampara adds nuance to contemporary discussions on the master-apprentice model of music education, we imagine how music education philosophy might look like if it were to be sung.

Status of Woman Reflected in Vedic Literature

Status of Woman Reflected in Vedic Literature

Nirmali (Strychnos Potatorum linn.) A Precious Plant- A Review

Ayurveda is one of the oldest health-care systems. The ancient Vedic literature contains scattered allusions to Ayurvedic remedies and other aspects of medicine and health. The vast majority of Atharvavedic knowledge is related to Ayurveda. One of Ayurveda's eight divisions, Agad Tantra, focuses on the identification of poisons, different poisons from the mineral, plant, and animal kingdoms, as well as artificial poisons made from toxic drugs and their treatment. Nirmali (Strychnos potatorum Linn) is one of a Vishagna (non-toxic) plant mentioned by Acharya Charak in 4th chapter of Sutrasthana in Charak samhita. Nirmali is a widely growing medium sized medicinal plant of Loganiaceae family. Seeds of Nirmali (Katak) have been used for the purification of water. This plant has contributed various pharmacological actions in the scientific field of Indian systems of medicine like Nirmali (Strychnos potatorum) seeds are alexipharmic, lithotriptic and cures strangury, head diseases etc., Roots of Nirmali cure leukoderma whereas fruits are useful in eye diseases, thirst, poisoning, and hallucinations. The fruits are emetic, diaphoretic, alexiteric etc. It contains a variety of phytochemical constituents such as a alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, lignins, phenols, saponins, sterols, and tannins. This review article of Nirmali (Katak) plant is going to provide brief information about its modern view.

Middle-class older adults living alone in urban India: Older adults’ understandings of ageing alone

ABSTRACT This study sheds light on the value systems of the middle-class metropolitan older adults living alone, on the ageing self and the person’s relationship to the surrounding society based on eight interviews. Ageing research has emphasized the traditional features of elderly care in India including its collectivist values rooted in filial piety and the extended family as well as embracement of disengagement influenced by the Hindu texts on two phases in later life: “hermit” and ”renunciate”. Increased social and geographical mobility, however, challenges traditional family systems. Using the example of the urban middle-class older adults living alone, this study explored whether living alone constitutes a challenge to the norms that previous research associated with Indian elderly care. Using abductive phenomenographic analysis the study found that the understandings of older adults in the study show great reflexivity concerning key aspects of their lives. Although the life conditions of older adults living alone deviated in many aspects from dominant traditional norms of filial piety and a care regime based on strong intergenerational interdependence, their responses and reflections mirrored assemblages of values deeply rooted in Hindu Vedic philosophy of the Ashramas and perceptions of independence, autonomy and self-reliance associated with Western ”productive” aging.

Rhizome networks: Turmeric’s global journey from haldi doodh to turmeric latte

abstract Turmeric has a long history of use in South and Southeast Asia going back thousands of years. Its first known reference is found in the Atharva Veda, one of the four Vedic texts of Hinduism. In Sanskrit it has over fifty names based on its use in cuisine, cosmetics, folk medicine, as dye and in Hindu cultural and religious rituals. Turmeric is also gendered in Sanskrit; it is feminised as gauri (to make fair, also a woman’s name), jayanti (winning over disease, also a woman’s name) and Lakshmi (prosperity, also a woman’s name as well as the goddess Lakshmi). It is the base spice in ‘curry’, central to marriage and religious rituals among many Indian communities and a staple of folk medicine for conditions ranging from sore throats to rheumatism and as antiseptic and antibiotic (jayanti). Haldi doodh (turmeric milk) is a common folk remedy for coughs, sore throats and related respiratory conditions. Turmeric, or haldi (its Hindi name) has also entered the global self-care and health foods wellness discourse with curcumin supplements being readily available in health shops and pharmacies. In the last few years it has also entered global popular culture with the introduction of beverages such as turmeric latte, aka, haldi doodh. Using Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of ‘rhizome thinking’ (1987), which recognises connections rather than ruptures, this article explores the global circulation of turmeric discourses as networks anchored in aspects of Vedic culture. In this framing, the metaphoric rhizome of curcuma longa is rooted in ancient Vedic culture but like the rhizome, has sprouted a multiplicity of offshoots, connections and discourses in networks of reciprocity and re-invigoration rather than only networks of cultural appropriations and cultural bastardisation. These discourses are gendered both in the deployment of the feminised attributes such as gauri and jayanti as well as in the domain of beauty and wellness branding by predominantly female food and wellness ‘gurus’. The article argues that this global circulation and sprouting of offshoots has imbricated turmeric in a globalised matrix of discursive meanings and social cultural practices that are rhizomatic.

Maharishi Ayurveda and historical newspaper articles: A statistical analysis of latent factors

For more than a hundred years, Western news media intermittently reported on the unique properties and practices of Ayurveda, the science of health and long life from ancient India. However, in the last 40 years there has been a significant explosion of reporting on Ayurveda, and this has been in large part due to the efforts of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Beginning in the late 1970s, Maharishi, along with eminent Ayurvedic physicians Dr Brihaspati Dev Triguna, Dr V. M. Dwivedi, and Dr Balraj Maharishi, began a program to restore the full dignity of Ayurveda by revitalising its foundations in Veda and the Vedic Literature and expanding its range to include the fundamental role of consciousness in health on the one hand and its application to collective health and the environment on the other. This program of revitalisation, called Maharishi Ayurveda, has been reported in newspapers but the contents of these historical articles have never been documented. The present study statistically analyses the dates, locations and sources of quotations in newspaper articles, identifies 29 key topics, and uses exploratory factor analysis to uncover four unobservable themes embedded within them. The outcome of these analyses is a comprehensive exploration of the historical public record of Maharishi Ayurveda between 1982 and 2013.

Типология религий в научном наследии индийского философа Бхактивиноды Тхакура (1838–1914)

The typology of religions is one of the most important topics in religious studies, since it allows classifying and analyzing spiritual currents based on their basic characteristics. The article is devoted to the little-studied topic of scientific typology of religions in the legacy of the Indian philosopher of the 19th-20th centuries Bhaktivinoda Thakur. In his works, a five-term classification is formed, which goes back to the teachings of the Taittiriya Upanishad. This ancient monument of Vedic literature offers the concept of five levels of consciousness, corresponding to certain levels of development. Based on this approach, Bhaktivinoda Thakur classifies the religions known to him. The five-step concept he proposed includes atheism, morality, outward religiosity, the search for liberation, and the mysticism of divine love. Its axiological basis makes it possible to cover teachings that are distant from each other in time and space and build them into a single system, and therefore may be of interest for further historical-philosophical and comparative studies. Bhaktivinoda's typology makes it possible to fill a certain gap in modern religious comparative studies by providing philosophical value criteria for the classification of religions.

Vrikshayurveda –An ancient literature of liquid bio fertilizer preparation-a comparative review with modern perspective

Vrikshayurveda- is an ancient Vedic literature of India dealing with the agricultural practices of ancient India almost 1000 years ago. Several scholars of that period provided varied prescriptions regarding plant growth and development, plant protection, increased productivity etc. Vrikshayurveda was composed and compiled by several ancient authors from time to time during regime of various kings of greater India. This paper deals with three prescriptions of organic manure i.e., Kunapajala, Panchagavya, (the liquid biofertilizer) and Panchamula from the ancient literature and their formulations and nutritional analyses conducted by various modern researcher’s time to time. These organic manures improve the soil health and fertility, improve growth and development of crop plants and help to produce organic food free from unnecessary health hazards. Application of these liquid biofertilizers may decrease the amount of application of chemical fertilizers and their associated consequences in some extent though 100% replacement of chemical fertilization is not possible at this stage.

Use of probiotics for nutritional enrichment of dairy products

Several food products, prepared with the help of beneficial microbes, can fit into the current definition of probiotics which have been consumed by mankind since ancient times. Beneficial microbes are the agents that produce many fermented foods and beverages, which are popular in different parts of the world. Indications about the use of products with healthy microbes are given in Vedic literature and are also depicted in ancient Egyptian and European treatises. However, systematic studies on probiotics started after the publication of the book, Prolongation of life, by Eli Metchnikoff in 1907. During the last century, the use of probiotics as food and pharma products gained substantial rise. This review intends to compile and analyze the literature pertaining to the use of probiotics as food products, especially for nutritional enrichment. The review will focus on the key issues important to establishing the requirement to re-assure the efficacy and safety after strain development, process standardization, product formulations, bioavailability of the live cells and biomolecules, and the effect of processing, etc. Current literatures addressing the mechanisms of action for probiotic function and the development of novel probiotic foods with health claims and meeting the nutritional requirement through fermentation are necessary to better understand the product and its application.Keywords: Probiotics, prebiotics, nutritional enrichment, fermented foods, bioavailability, efficacy, regulatory, safety, synbiotic, functional food

Contribution of Rabindranath as a follower of Sanskrit education

The aim of education, as Rabindranath Tagore sees it, is to give a sense of one's identity as a total man and to bring education in harmony with life. He believed that self-realization was the goal of education. A total man is the one who thinks of himself first and foremost as human being. Rabindranath was conscious of the educational environment of Asrama, learning from the dramas of Kalidasa and verses of Upanishadas, Vedas, Gita and its impact on the overall mental and spiritual development of students though restricted to privileged sections of society only. Rabindranath was highly influenced by the basic principles and structure of thought rooted to Upanishadas and Gita specifically as true essence bearer of three fundamental principles. The first principle states the importance of wisdom in controlling senses by overcoming egoistic ignorance to achieve self-purification of inner soul. The second principle is to achieve a sense of identity with the universe. The third principle is to see God in one’s own self. The personal experience of universal consciousness and of God is made possible by the combination of three processes namely Salutation and Submission, Integration and Service and Execution. According to Rabindranath, Education is a process for growth of mind and soul, establishing a community of spirit with man and nature. This educational process must aspire for the entry into the vast universal life and seek their fulfilment and rewards in its experiences. The Education is a process of self-purification for the pupil through the application of three principles namely freedom, inclusiveness and universalization. Rabindranath, born into family of a rich and intellectuals, though not having any formal education, but had undergone through Vedic literature like Upanishada, Puranas, Great epics etc., classic Sanskrit literature under the watchful eyes of Debendranath Tagore. His deep appreciation of Sanskrit literary works is reflected in his work of criticism, entitled “Prachin Sahitya”. His building of educational institutions like Santiniketan and Viswabhararti reflects this ideology only. According to Rabindranath, the Gayatri mantra appears to signify the identity of the person in sync with nature and universe. The Upanishadas also have left a binding impression over the poet reflected in some of his works. The great epics Ramayana and the Mahabharata, Puranic literature, Dharmashastra all have seemed to enter his soul. The poet is indebted to classical Sanskrit literature specially Kalidasa in terms of concepts of dualism.

BUDDHA DARSANA AND A GLIMPSE OF TIBETAN MEDICINE

Philosophy has a vast arena of application which embraces all branches of human knowledge.Buddha darsana is a non vedic philosophy founded by Sree Goutama Buddha in the 5th century. According to Buddhists, the notion that things exists when everything is void, is termed ignorance. They believe that correct knowledge will destroy ignorance and thus will put an end to birth,aging and leads to ultimate liberation from all miseries.The essence of Tibetan medicine has very profound roots in Buddhist philosophy.According to Tibetan medicine there are many specific causes of diseases, but the basic cause is ignorance which leads to three mental poisons of desire,hatred and obscuration.These in turn give rise to imbalance in three humors and results in disease of an individual. Ayurveda and Tibetan medicine shares similarities in their basic concepts.

From Standard Marker to Adaptor: The Case of Vedic iva

In Early Vedic, the particle iva primarily functions as a standard marker of similative constructions; in Middle Vedic, iva retains its function of marking comparison of equality but also behaves as an adaptor, i.e. an approximation marker which flags the semantically loose use of a lexical expression. Informed by cross-linguistic evidence in the domain of approximation, this paper traces iva’s development from standard marker to adaptor within the oldest layer of Vedic literature, represented by the R̥gveda. The analysis is carried out from a grammaticalization perspective, detecting the different steps that led to the emergence of the new function.

ADMET-informatics, Pharmacokinetics, Drug-likeness and Medicinal Chemistry of Bioactive Compounds of Physalis minima Ethanolic Leaf Extract (PMELE) as a Potential Source of Natural Lead Molecules for Next Generation Drug Design, Development and Therapies

Physalis minima (PM) belongs to the family Solanaceae. PM has been traditionally used to cure and prevent several disorders as documented in Vedic Texts. Nevertheless, scientific values of traditional claims haven't been explored yet. In the previous study, GCMS analysis of P. minima ethanolic leaf extracts (PMELE) indicated the presence of Cyclobutanol (C4H8O); D-Alanine (C3H7O2N); 2-Heptanol, 6-Amino-2-Methyl (C8H19ON); 1-Pentanol, 4-Amino (C5H13NO); Benzeneethanamine, 3-Fluoro-Beta.,5-Dihydroxy-N-Methyl (C9H12FNO2) and L-Alanine, N-(N-Acetylglycyl)-, Butyl Ester (C11H20N2O4). However, biological activities of these bioactive compounds are not known which hampers the exploitation of these compounds by pharma-industries on a commercial scale. This study on ADMET, Pharmacokinetics, Drug-likeness and Medicinal Chemistry of Bioactive Compounds in PMELE aims to provide baseline information on PBNPs as a potential source of natural lead molecules for next generation drug design, development and therapeutics.
 Keywords: PM-PBNPs; ADMET; PMELE; Pharmacokinetics; Drug-likeness; Drug Development; Bioactive Compounds