Vedic Period Research Articles

A study of marketing strategies used by Indian artisans during the Covid-19 crisis

70% of the population lives in villages in India. Time and again, we have underestimated this part of our population while thinking about our country’s economic growth. However, the true spirit and skills of Indian crafts live in rural areas that are self-sufficient and self-reliant. Indian crafts have evolved from the Vedic Era to Indus Valley civilization to Mauryan Era to the Mughal Era, and currently the Modern Indian Era. However, with industrialization and the informal nature of the sector, Indian crafts had started losing relevance. Though 90% population is uneducated, Indian crafts are highly skill-based. Today with the advent of technology, awareness among the new generation of artisans, emerging sectors of the economy, Indian crafts are being revived with the help of craft activists and platforms created for uplifting the community. Slowly as this sector started reviving itself and generated awareness and business, a novel coronavirus pandemic has affected their livelihood. Most artisans have an informal setup. The uncertainty of the situation, ruptured supply chain, canceled orders, and customers’ non-engagement in buying the products; have blurred their future. With no raw materials, no business, no demand, and a huge inventory of canceled orders, various platforms are being created to market their products and generate funds. A study of the marketing strategy is important to know the way forward.

The social significance of the Rigveda YakshaSukta

The Rig Veda is the first of the Vedas. The thirty-fourth Sūkta of the tenth Mandala is the Akṣa Sūkta. This verse clearly describes what happened in Kitava’s life as a result of gambling. There is also praise for agriculture in that employment on top of agricultural activities is the only way to get rid of gambling. The evil consequences of gambling in Vedic times are understood by this Sukta. The negative consequences of this are still being seen in our society. This paper will discuss how gambling prevalent in society can be avoided according to the views of the Rig Veda.

Health and well-being of adolescent mothers and mortality status of infants in India

Marriage is the socially sanctioned union involving two or more individuals for procreation. The State has been particularly interested in the age of marriage of girls. In the Vedic period, girls were married at 16 years or above. Age of marriage or the nuptial age has always remained a contentious issue in India. The age at marriage which was pegged at 14 and 18 years for females and males respectively (Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929), has been continually revised and increased over time. The age of marriage for females has been increased from 14 to 15 (1949 Amendment) and then 18 years (1978 Amendment) to delay the incidence of early marriage. The Prohibition of Child Marriage (Amendment) Bill 2021 proposes increasing the age of marriage for females from 18 to 21 years to bring about gender equality in marriageable age for men and women, lower the incidence of teenage pregnancy, infant and maternal mortality rate, and to improve nutritional levels and sex ratio (The Prohibition of Child Marriage (Amendment) Bill 2021). The health and well-being of adolescent mothers are further exacerbated by the contradictions in the interplay of laws.

Therapeutic Potential And Nutraceuticals Aspects Of Lepidium Sativum

With the rising trend toward the use of natural substances in medicines, the utilization of cress seed mucilage (Lepidium sativum L.) has gained significant importance.Since the Vedic period, the subcontinent has employed garden cress (Lepidium sativum) for medical reasons. There are several ecological and industrial uses of garden cress that are summarized in this paper. The emerging evidence revealed that in the Unani school of medicine, the seeds and leaves of this plant might be used to treat inflammation, bronchitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and muscle discomfort. Asthma, cough, and peptic ulcers are also said to benefit from their usage. Anti-hemagglutinating, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, diuretic, and fracture-healing qualities are also attributed to the plant. A special emphasis was placed in the study on the nutritional content of the leaves, which revealed that they are an excellent source of macroelements such as potassium and sodium, but also of calcium and trace minerals such as iron, magnesium and zinc. Conclusion:The current study also discusses the culinary items that have been created by combining garden cress seed powder with other ingredients. As an underused oilseed crop, garden cress seeds should be promoted for their production and consumption.

Management of Lifestyle Disorders with Tenets of Ayurveda

Ayurveda is one of the world’s ancient health care systems. Ayurveda has always emphasized maintaining the health and prevention of diseases by following a proper diet and lifestyle regimen rather than treatment and cure of the diseases. Ayurveda describes Traya-upastambhah, three pillars for a healthy life are Aahar (proper diet), Nidra (proper sleep), and Brahmacharya (celibacy). Aahar has been given prime importance since the Vedic Period. It is considered Brahma in Upanishad. Acharaya Kashyapa gives it the name “Mahabhaisajya”. Lifestyle disorders originate due to Poor lifestyle which includes poor diet, poor eating habits, Viruddhahara (dietetic incompatibility), lack of exercise, Smoking, excess alcohol, poor sleep, stress due to heavy workload, and increased consumption of unhealthy food. So, nowadays the number of individuals having lifestyle diseases like Heart disease, Obesity, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cancer are continuously increasing and these are the primary cause of death. According to WHO, four main types of lifestyle disorders are Cardiovascular disease, Cancer, Chronic respiratory diseases, and Diabetes. Diseases of infective origin can be easily treated as compared to lifestyle disorders because lifestyle disorders are generally non-reversible. It is the need of time to review the Ayurveda in order to apply measures in preventing the upcoming epidemic of lifestyle disorders which are preventable with changes in diet (ahara), lifestyle, and environment.

An Overview of Ayurveda

Ayurveda distinguishes "The oldest medical system known to man and the oldest and greatest comprehensive spiritual edification in the universe". Ayurveda is founded on the fundamental principle of equilibrium among body and the mind. It supports the patient to get to recognize his body and mind and know the profits of a close relationship with nature. There are cures in the Ayurvedic literature for age-related diseases such as memory loss, osteoporosis and wounds caused by diabetes, and so on. There is an effective drug available in modern medicine, while Ayurveda has a good literature track record, the irony is that it has a very low share (0.5%) in the global pharmaceutical market. Ayurvedic medicines must make Ayurveda available on the international market. It is available in a standardized form, which is the minimum requirement to place a product on the western market. Ayurvedic preparations should be standardized with fingerprints based on the active substance or main compounds. There are numerous possibilities where India is becoming a global leader in the traditional medicine market by exporting quality products from the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical system. This review article delivers a summary of Ayurveda - the old-style system of Indian medicine. It also clarifies the principle of Ayurvedic medicine. According to Charaka, “The science of life can never take final form, so it must be humility and tireless industry, it Indicate our efforts and attitude towards knowledge. Ayurveda is a complete arrangement of natural well-being care that invented in the ancient Vedic periods of India. Its chief prominence is on treatment of illness and protection of health. It also delivers dealing for disease. Ayurveda came from ‘Science of Life,’ and it discourses all features of life, including consciousness/mind, physiology, behavior, and environment. This review article will focus on the nutritional aspects of Ayurveda in relation to the overall all health.

The Historical Development of Settlement by Aryan People in Terai of Nepal

This research article is related to the development of settlement by Aryan people in the Terai region of Nepal. Aryan people had entered the Terai region of Nepal during the Vedic period. In ancient times, various states were developed in the region of Nepal. The Mithila state of the Eastern Terai, the Ramgram state western part of the Gandaki River and the Kapilvastu state west of the present Butwal region were developed in before the Christian era. Most of the people in those states also migrated from India. Even in the middle Age, a state called Tirahoot or Doya was developed in the eastern Terai region of Nepal. Although this kingdom came to an end in the 14thcentury AD. After the conquest of the eastern Terai region by the Sen Dynasty the king of Palpa, the three kingdoms of Makwanpur, Chaudandi and Vijaypur remained in that region till the time of unification by Prithvi Narayan Shah, the king of Gorkha. After the unification of Nepal, the ancient and medieval independent Terai regions were automatically included in the Kingdom of Nepal. The article clarifies that there has been continuous settlement in the Terai region of Nepal from ancient period to the present.

EFFICACY OF TAKRA IN INTESTINAL DISEASES: - A CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Takra is the very common food item of Indians and used as a liquid food item from Vedic period. In Ayurveda their qualities, types, indications are mentioned. It is very important “Anupanhisa” of many ayurvedic formulations. Also, it is used both as food and medicine or Pathya in various disorders because of lots of medical properties. Takra is fundamentally a milk product prepared by fermentation process. In Ayurveda the usefulness of Takra is mentioned in many topics like Arsha, Grahani, Udara etc. along with this also mentioned the Takra in the disturbed condition of Agni. Due to advancement of biotechnology, microbiology and pharmaceutical sciences, numbers of pharmaceutical products are prepared which having same role as Takra in diarrhea, steatorrhea, IBS(irritable bowel syndrome), IBD(Inammatory Bowel Disease), CD(Crohn's disease) and various intestinal diseases. Takra is natural probiotic diet because of friendly bacteria lactobacillus acidophilus for the intestine and the body are found abundance in these remedies. This article signies that the role of Takra in widespread intestinal disorders as probiotics.

Wali Pitu, Bali Province as Tourism Innovation for the Indonesian Halal Tourism Destinations

This research paper discusses Bali as a halal tourist destination, which is contradictory as a “City of Guardians” amid the brand of Bali as a Hindu City in Indonesia. This article is strongly based on the findings of “Wali Pitu” (seven sainthood) on the island of Bali, in particular that it has not been widely promoted as a halal tourist destination by the local government.
 The iconic Bali as a Hindu City currently has a double image as a “Wali City” because Wali Pitu tombs were found which differ from those of Wali Songo. Wali Pitu is unique because of its existence at the heart of Hindu civilization in Bali and through a unique process from the cult of Wali Songo. As a new site, Wali Pitu is a new prospect for halal tourism, where several important aspects can invite many pilgrims. Wali Pitu is considered a new halal tourism opportunity to build an image of Muslim holiness amid the hegemony of Hindu society in Indonesia, which serves as the creation of modern religious moderation.

ŚULBA-SŪTRAS and PYTHAGORAS’ Theorem

Śulba-sūtras, composed in the later part of the Vedic period (c.800 – 500 BCE), are the texts of early geometry in India. The most notable feature of this text, in terms of geometric language, is the profound statement of the theorem of square on the diagonal. This famous theorem is now universally associated with the name of the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras (c.570 – c.495 BCE). The objective of this paper is to present a few geometrical propositions discussed in the Śulba-sūtras, which highlight themselves as applications of the theorem stated by Baudhāyana, a distinguished Indian R. s. i (Rishi) as well as a geometrician. In this paper, an attempt has been made to establish that this general theorem was not only known to the Indians long before the date of Pythagoras but also gave an explicit statement of it.

In Silico Approaches to Study the Anti Cancer Potential of Bioactive Compounds of Apium leptophyllum Pers by Molecular Docking

The Indian traditional health care system has suggested the presence of bioactive compounds in herbs used for the treatment of cancer. Natural medicinal plants have been used as therapeutics since the Vedic era. In-Silico studies have demonstrated to be an important tool that facilitates the use of the structural diversity of the natural products and designing new drugs for various diseases. Isolation studies by GC-MS analysis revealed that the ethanolic seed extract of Apium leptophyllum Pers contain natural bioactive compounds such as Thymol, Alpha –Terpineol and 9,12- Octadecadienoyl chloride(Z-Z-). These three active compounds are found in higher concentration in the ethanolic extract of Apium leptophyllum Pers seeds. The isolated active compounds were subjected to docking studies using Glide module (Schrodinger). Research was performed to find out the potential molecular targets for these selected compounds. The effectiveness of In-silico approach was carried out by performing docking of known specific phenolic mono terpenoids such as Thymol inhibitors against their respective selected macromolecules of cancer cell receptor. The present study was carried out to identify potential inhibitors for Bruton’s tyrosine kinase and checkpoint kinase 2. The docking studies revealed that the some essential active compounds such as Thymol, Alpha -Terpineol, and 9, 12- Octadecadienoyl chloride(Z-Z-) isolated by GC-MS analysis have potent anticancer activity against cancer cell. The study will further pave the way in designing other potent drugs and drug analogs. The novel molecular entities have the potential as leads which certainly aid in designing anti-cancer molecules in short span of time.

Genetics and Epigenetics Conceptual Study in View of Ayurveda

The current generation is concerned about lifestyle disorders and measures to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Individuals’ physical appearance, mental qualities, and illness creation are all influenced by genetic elements, according to modern science. Most diseases have a hereditary component, according to human genome studies. Genetic mutations can happen at random or as a result of an external cause. Genetic illnesses can be hereditary or not. Ayurveda is a historic Indian medical practice that dates back to the Vedic era. However, while the current knowledge of human genetics owes largely to Gregor Mendel’s work, a number of Indian writings have discussed the scientific concept of genetics before him. Although the name “genetics” was not used in Ayurveda, the concept of genetics is mentioned in several places throughout the traditional texts of Ayurveda, particularly in the Samhitas. The focus of the review is on Ayurveda’s therapeutic applications of genetics and to better understand Ayurvedic mechanisms through epigenetics.

A Historical Study of Prostitution

Since the beginning of time, the history of romantic relationships between men and women has been one of the most fascinating and complex. Hugging and sexual intercourse between men and women is an example of a romantic act that can take many forms. Different countries' policies on prostitution, such as legal and illegal forms, have been widely disseminated. Various forms of prostitution, such as consensual and forced prostitution, will be discussed here. Every country and every type of society has had some form of prostitution at some point in its history. It is an age old social evil. Kautilya in Arthashastra refers to the ganikas as an indispensable factor in royal courts and in India, it became institution in the post Vedic period Prostitution was an organized profession and was a source of revenue to the State in ancient times. A prostitute is a woman who sells herself for sexual purpose to a great number of men in succession and with little or no choice among them. This article is prepared through analytical and archival method of research.

A Historical Study of Prostitution

Since the beginning of time, the history of romantic relationships between men and women has been one of the most fascinating and complex. Hugging and sexual intercourse between men and women is an example of a romantic act that can take many forms. Different countries' policies on prostitution, such as legal and illegal forms, have been widely disseminated. Various forms of prostitution, such as consensual and forced prostitution, will be discussed here. Every country and every type of society has had some form of prostitution at some point in its history. It is an age old social evil. Kautilya in Arthashastra refers to the ganikas as an indispensable factor in royal courts and in India, it became institution in the post Vedic period Prostitution was an organized profession and was a source of revenue to the State in ancient times. A prostitute is a woman who sells herself for sexual purpose to a great number of men in succession and with little or no choice among them. This article is prepared through analytical and archival method of research.

A CONCISE REVIEW OF PANDU ROGA, INCLUDING THE ACTION MECHANISM

Panduroga has been well known to Indian people the since Vedic period. It is described in complete detail by the Acharyas of Ayurveda as a specific disease with its pathogenesis and treatment. In panduroga, the colour of the body gets changed to pale, sclera, nail, tongue, etc. Due to Rakta-Alpata, haemoglobin level decreases from the normal level. It is linked with both important Dhatus, i.e., Rasa and Rakta. It is represented as anaemia, recognised as the world’s second important cause of disability and responsible for about one million deaths a year. Recently, physicians preferring ayurvedic medicines to manage panduroga as these formulations are considered safe compared to modern treatments like Vit-B12 and Ferrous Sulphate. With this research interest, the present study has been undertaken thoroughly to review the management of panduroga by ayurvedic formulations and extracts. This study has selected nine herbal extracts and nine ayurvedic formulations. The reported pre-clinical and clinical trials performed on these herbal extracts and formulations are discussed in detail, with special efforts towards the ayurvedic opinion of panduroga.

Homa therapy

The world is going through numerous climatic, economic, and environmental changes and agriculture is facing a major crisis due to the processes of modernization. Food produced is heavily loaded with pesticides, hormones, and different chemicals which can be very toxic to both human beings and nature. There is a need to revisit our traditional methods and practices in search of alternatives that are sustainable. One such traditional practice in India, prevalent since the Vedic era is ‗Homa Therapy‘. Homa therapy has two aspects- it is a technique that rejuvenates the land with the use of yajñas in practical life, and also has a therapeutic value by eradicating toxic substances from the environment. This technique purifies the air, eradicating harmful bacteria present in the atmosphere and the ashes contain medicinal properties. This brief report on indigenous practices describes Homa Therapy, a practice that originated in India and is now practiced worldwide, that can contribute to sustainable agriculture.

Evolution of Indian cuisine: a socio-historical review

This paper aims to present a socio-historical review of Indian cuisine and its evolution. Based on a thorough analysis of a wide range of documents, the investigation focuses on four eras, each having a significant and lasting effect on Indian cuisine. Parallels have been drawn to modern Indian cuisine wherever possible. This study follows the advances in Indian cuisine through the prehistoric era, into the Vedic era, where religious scriptures, especially the Hindu scriptures, affected what was cooked during the time, followed by the invasion of the subcontinent by the Mughals. Finally, the effects of European colonization on Indian cuisine are critically analysed and an attempt is made to examine threads, if any, connecting culinary preferences of people across these phases. The results of the analysis indicate the intriguing impact of intricate connections among several sociocultural factors on the evolution of Indian cuisine. At the end of the paper, a few areas are identified for future exploration.

Significance of Kuttana in the preparation of Guggulu vati processed in Triphala kwatha

Background: Since vedic period, much importance is given for guggulu (Commiphora wightii, (Arn) Bhandari). One can get reference of guggulu as early as 3000 to 10,000 years ago in the veda, for treating human illnesses. References are available regarding usage of guggulu externally as well as internally during the period of charaka, sushruta and vagbhata for the treatment of medoroga and vatavikara. Śhodhana is a preliminary procedure which assist in removing or modifying the possible physical or chemical impurities from raw material and making them suitable for therapeutic use. It has been found clinically that guggulu kalpa usually pass in the faeces un-disintegrated or partially absorbed. To overcome this the kuttana (pounding) method is mentioned to facilitate quick disintegration which in turn helps in quick absorption of guggulu in the body. So present study was taken to know the effect of kuttana on the physico chemical properties of guggulu. Methodology: Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) Shodhana (procedure) was done in Triphala Kwatha and Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) Vati (tablet) were prepared with and without Kuttana (pounding) method. The prepared samples were tested for analytical parameters like organoleptic character, pH, friability, hardness, disintegration time, uniformity of weight, total ash, loss on drying, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive and HPTLC was done. Result: The organoleptic characters of all the both samples were same. Triphala Shodhita Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) Vati (tablet) prepared with Kuttana (pounding) showed less disintegration time. Pharmaceutical result revealed that the yield was increased in Triphala Shodhita Guggulu (Commiphora wightii). Conclusion: There was a decrease in pH, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value, water soluble extractive value, weight variation value, hardness, disintegration time and increase in Moisture content, Total ash value, Alcohol soluble ash value of Triphala Shodhita Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) Vati (tablet) after Kuttana (pounding). From chromatographical analysis it is observed that a greater number of components were detected.

Yoga: Maintaining Healthy Employees at Workplace

The origin of yoga dates back to the Vedic era, when the Indian saints stressed the importance of meditation among their disciples to concentrate on studies. They started practising ‘yoga’ and it started to spread in other countries due its spiritual and physical importance. The ‘Rigveda’ though, stresses on the importance of yoga and despite the fact that it is valued by many people till now, it started gaining momentum after the declaration of the International Yoga Day on 21st June 2015. Considering its importance, first yoga university was opened in 2013 in Gujrat. Many schools introduced a yoga teacher and a period for yoga practice in the schools. The corporate or the service sector where the employees have to bear the long working hours without the opportunity to move in different directions, have no strict law related to practice of yoga. Generally, the employees either sit or work in the same posture with only a break for taking lunch. Yoga is widely practiced on 21st June but there is no provision for its practice on the other days. If yoga is introduced in the workplace as a norm, it will help the employees in remaining fit; mentally and physically both, which will result in maximum productivity from their end and the same will ultimately affect the organisation positively. The need of the hour is to understand the importance of yoga in the workplace to maintain a healthy workforce to get the desired outcome.

Identity And Understanding of Soma Plant In Perspective of Indian Bioculture And Medicine

Abstract The Soma plant conceived to be the most sacred in Rigveda. Its juice (Soma Rasa) was offered to deities and regarded as a sacrificial drink. Its identity has remained a subject of great curiosity, investigations and debates. Its all-pervasive examination is still awaited as the earlier investigators always thought it in isolation and attempted to equate to some plant species in their neighbourhood. The present communication is an endeavour to collate all evidences and thoughts to arrive at home in the state of present circumstances. A literary survey was conducted of the ancient Indian Sanskrit scripts and the modern researches on Soma plant till date. The opinions and understanding of various exponents on the subject matter are introspected to arrive at the present state of knowledge. The various plant species claimed or suspected as ‘Soma Plant’ are enumerated in the Tables I, II and III. Total 26 plant species have been claimed clearly representing Soma plant, including a fungal and a gymnospermic species. Total 14 species are brought to light as substitutes for proper Soma plant. Common or Sanskrit names have been coined after the epithet ‘Soma’ for another 13 species. Soma plant has been a subject of many discussions and object of investigations since the Vedic period. Various authors although endeavoured to decipher its identity based on observations and their wisdom, no one could arrive at satisfactory explanation of Soma plant. However, they emerged triumphant in searching out psychoactive plant species and even their active principles. Vedic Soma plant still remains a botanical enigma.