Analytics of ‘Big Data’ has been so promising that it is thought to be a new frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity in science and business. Vast amounts of material damage data constitute a unique set of “Big Data” which are generated from damage events when materials are under applied stress, and their occurrence is strongly related to the source physics. Such data forms fundamental “information infrastructure” such that the ensemble of these events can be used as the basis for evaluating the state of material damage, thereby making data-enabled material damage evaluation a new frontier for innovation. Presently, data-enabled digital analytics of material damage is in its infancy and is much needed to advance our understanding of damage physics, which has, for the most part, been overlooked by the classical deterministic approaches. In this article, we propose a framework of data-enabled science for evaluating material damage that includes the introduction of a 3S principle to guide the efforts, and a global damage variate D, which is a multivariate data matrix of random damage with its rows and columns being observations (spectrum) and scale (time series) vectors, respectively, of the real world damage. This multivariate damage data matrix facilitates the systematic employment of standard methods of multivariate statistics and data mining techniques. The proposed framework was implemented by examples taken from typical engineering materials using acoustic emission. The examples revealed that; (1) damage events are interactive and significantly correlated; (2) they form different ensembles in different loading stages implicating damage mechanisms, and (3) their phenomenological behavior can be modeled numerically. The information entropy of multiscale damage matrices revealed a trajectory of damage state that provides a new means to quantify real world material damage. We also highlight some promising research topics related to other digital analytics that can be used for the investigation of material damage.