Ve Bacillus Research Articles

The Impact of Nanomaters on the Microbial Infection on a Wooden Coffin Covered with a Layer of Black Resin and Coloured Materials

The goal of this work is to use novel mixed additives of Nano Chitosan combined with nanoparticles and other substances that could inhibit the microbial growth of the wooden coffin. The wooden coffin, covered with a layer of black resin and coloured materials, was found in bad condition, and covered with a thick layer of dust. Several ties were used to preserve the sides of the coffin in the previous restoration. Cellulose agar was used to cultivate fungi, and nutrient agar was used to cultivate bacteria. The fungi were Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium herbarum, and Aspergillus niger, while the bacteria were G+ve Bacillus sp., Bacillus megatrium, and Bacillus jeotgali. composite of ZnO NP, Ag NP, p-chloro-m-crysol (PCMC), Shim plant (Sh) with Nano Chitosan with 1, 2, and 3% concentrations were chosen for the purpose of treating microbial infections and determining which materials would work best to prevent microbial growth. Nano-chitosan + Ag NP and ZnO NP (1%) gave the best inhibition for Aspergillus niger (30mm). Nano-chitosan + PCMC (1%) gave the best inhibition for Aspergillus flavus (25mm), Cladosporium herbarum (25mm), and Bacillus jeotgali (40mm). The same effect was found for Nano-chitosan + PCMC (1%) and Nano-chitosan for Bacillus megatrium and G+ve Bacillus sp. (40mm).

Effectiveness and safety of intravesical Gentamicin therapy in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms.

A prospective study was conducted at the Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, to determine the effectiveness, feasibility, and safety of intravesical Gentamicin therapy among patients presenting with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). All patients aged ≥15 years, who presented with recurrent UTI, having ≥3 positive urine cultures, with neurogenic bladder, intermittent catheterisation, symptomatic UTIs, and multidrug resistant cultures, were included in the study. Data were compiled and analysed using SPSS version 26. An ethics committee approved the study. A total of 69 patients were enrolled. Most common organisms were Klebsiella (52.2%), E. coli (27.5%) and gram -ve bacilli (14.5%). Multi drug resistance was observed in 18 (26.1%) patients, while effectiveness and safety were reported in 62 (89.9%) and 65 (94.2%) patients, respectively. Intravesical Gentamicin may be helpful in reducing the frequency of episodes and need for oral antibiotics in patients with UTIs, and demonstrated effectiveness and safety in most patients.

Novel Tellurium doped CeO2 nano wools as a next generation antibacterial therapeutic agent

We presented a novel synthesis of Tellurium doped CeO2 nano wools, with high yield via thermo-mechanical route. The obtained nanomaterial has cubic fluorite structure demonstrated from the XRD pattern. SEM revealed the unique nano wool like morphology formed from nanofibers having mean diameter of 200 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated binding energy at 576 eV and 586 eV, confirming the oxidation of Tellurium to TeO2 in the doped CeO2 NCs. The anti-bacterial activity of this material was studied against gram -ve Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 3384 and gram + ve Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 bacteria. TeO2–CeO2 nano wools were found to be more effective than, cefotaxime (CTX) when the antibacterial potential was evaluated with this third-generic antibiotic, using the disc diffusion method. Synergistic effect was confirmed from the optimized formulation of TeO2–CeO2 and Cefotaxime, which showed further enhancement in the antibacterial activity against both the strains. Antibiofilm studies were done using Congo Agar Red Assay (CRA) against opportunistic Klebsiella pneumoniae to understand the inhibition efficiency of the material. The small particle size, positive surface charge on nano wools, and increased ROS production physically rupture the bacterial cell membrane and induce bacterial cell death. PL spectra revealed low ROS recombination rate in the nanocomposites. The cytotoxicity studies on human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cell lines proved negligible toxicity at IC50 value of 0.27 mg/mL (corresponding to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis) for 5 wt% Te–CeO2 NCs. Hence, this material can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent in targeted nasal delivery against lung infections as well as wound healing applications.

Synthesis, spectroscopic investigation, molecular docking, ADME/T toxicity predictions, and DFT study of two trendy ortho vanillin-based scaffolds

In this article, we have synthesized two contemporary ortho-vanillin-based Salen-type ligands (H2L1/H2L2) characterized by modern spectroscopic tools. EDX analysis supports the elemental composition (C, N, O, and Br). SEM examined the morphology of the synthesized compounds. The molecular geometry was optimized in the gas phase using B3LYP-D3/6-311G (d, p) level. The global reactivity parameters, HOMO-LUMO energy gap (Δ), atomic properties, MESP, and ADME/T, vividly explore the chemical reactivity and toxicity of two Salen-type ligands. The DFT simulated IR/NMR characterized essential structural assignments, and UV-Visible spectra were employed to predict the optical properties. The article demonstrated in silico molecular docking against the Gm + ve Bacillus subtilis (6UF6), and Gm -ve Proteus Vulgaris establishes the ligand binding ability with essential amino acids through conventional H-bonding or other significant interactions. The docking simulation is compared for two compounds better than the control drugs and confirms the antimicrobial activity. The theoretical drug-like properties have been explored in-depth by ADME/T using the SWISSADME database. The analysis estimated the molecule's lipophilicity, the consensus P0/W, and water solubility. Thus, using various pharmaco-logical parameters, toxicity explains where the electron-withdrawing Br group plays a more toxic effect in H2L2 than in H2L1.

Buğdayın Farklı Gelişme Dönemlerinde Yapraktan “Biyolojik Gübre” Uygulamalarının Verim ve Bazı Verim Öğeleri Üzerine Etkisi

Bu araştırma, ekmeklik buğdayın farklı gelişim dönemlerinde yapraktan “biyolojik gübre” (BG) (%8 N, %1 P2O5, %9 K2O, %3 Fe, %0,06 Zn, Bacillus subtilis (GBO3), Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ve Bacillus pumilus) uygulamalarının verim ve kalite parametreleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek için planlanmıştır. Bu amaçla yürütülen denemeler, Doğu Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü arazilerinden Doğankent lokasyonunda 2017-2018 ve 2018-2019 buğday ekim sezonlarında yapılmıştır. Yürütülen araştırmada buğdayların farklı gelişim dönemlerinde yapraktan “biyolojik gübre” uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, kontrol, kardeşlenme, kardeşlenme + sapa kalkma ve sapa kalkma dönemleri olmak üzere 4 konu çalışılmıştır. Biyolojik gübrenin birinci yıl 100 gr / da ikinci yıl ise 0,75 gr/da dozları araştırılmıştır. Tüm deneme konularına temel gübreleme olarak; ekimle birlikte dekara 15 kg DAP, kardeşlenme döneminde ise 29 kg Üre verilmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda; buğday tarımında hem kardeşlenme hem de sapa kalkma dönemlerinde yapraktan “biyolojik gübre” uygulamaları kontrol konusuna göre birinci yıl %12,67, ikinci yıl ise %13,16 oranında daha fazla verim artışı sağlamıştır. Yapraktan “biyolojik gübre” uygulamalarının buğdayın kalite parametreleri üzerinde istatistiki olarak önemli bir etkisi görülmemiştir.

Management of Non-Specific Genital Infections in Infertile Crossbred Cattle

Among 1046 infertile breedable bovines screened in different sexual health camps in and around Anand district during one year, the prevalence of repeat breeding and genital infection was found to be 17.97 and 17.11 %, respectively. The representative 23 HF crossbred infertile cows from within Anand taluka were selected for cultural examination, antibiotics sensitivity of isolates and accordingly, the treatment and pregnancy follow up. The cultural isolation of CVM/genital discharges from 23 crossbred cows revealed bacterial growth in 65.22 (15) % samples; the Gram +ve Bacilli Spp. was prevalent to the highest extent (38.10%; 8) followed by Corynebacterium Spp. (23.81%, 5). All the isolates (100 %) were sensitive to enrofloxacin followed by cefotaxime and tetracycline (73.33% each), while they were resistant to tyrosin. Among the culturally positive cases, use of effective drugs resulted in overall three cycles pregnancy rate of 86.66 (13/15) %, while in culturally sterile cases it was 50 (4/8)%, showing the utility of antibiotics sensitivity testing in managing infertile animals.

Investigation of the Physical, Chemical Characteristics and Microbial Contamination of the Indoor Swimming Pools

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical, chemical and microbiological contamination of indoor swimming pools. Pool water specimens were collected using a plastic polypropylene sterilized bottle. The physical and chemical qualities of the waters were analyzed in terms of temperature, turbidity, pH, and free residual chlorine, with the standard methods for the examination of water. Bacteriological (routine methods) and parasitological (molecular methods) tests were carried out on pools water. The mean temperature, pH, and residual chlorine of the indoor pools were 31.2 °C, 7.6 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Turbidity was not observed in any of the pools. The pH and temperature values were in standard ranges in 92.3% and 15.4% of the waters of swimming pools, respectively. The prevalence rates of bacterial and amoebic contaminations of the water in the swimming pools were 53.8% and 46.2%, respectively. One pool (7.7%) was contaminated with both bacteria and amoeba. Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Cryptosporidium and Bacillus spp. were isolated from the pool waters. In this study, some microorganisms were identified from the water pools. Effective management of swimming pools and proper control of the physical, chemical and microbiological property of water pools can produce the healthy recreational activity.

Modification of Process Parameters for Enhanced Lipase Induction from Bacillus SR1

The enzymes catalyze the cleavage of triacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerols are referred to as lipases (EC 3.1.1.3). Lipases are widely distributed in flora and fauna. Microbial lipases are of great importance than lipases from plants and animals due to their catalytic activity, ease of production and optimization. Lipases have tremendous industrial applications such as in the processing of fats and oils, detergents and degreasing formulations, food processing, the synthesis of fine chemicals, paper manufacture, and production of cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, a potential lipase producing bacterial strain was isolated and identified as gram +ve Bacillus SR1. Among different oils tested, olive oil was found to be the favorable substrate for lipase induction. Additionally, lipase induction was observed highest in 24 hours of fermentation at 37?C and pH 7.5.

In vitro study of biological activity of four strains of Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola and identification of their bioactive metabolites using GC-MS.

This research was carried out to study in vitro antibacterial activity of 4 strains of Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola (Bga) against G+ve Bacillus megaterium and G−ve Escherichia coli, haemolytic activity against the cell membrane of erythrocytes, the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and finally, the pathogenicity against Agaricus bisporus flesh blocks. Chemical structure of bioactive substances of the most bioactive strain (ICMP 11096) was established using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). All the studied Bga strains inhibited the growth of the two tested bacteria although some growing substrates negatively influenced the antimicrobial substance production. The same Bga strains showed highly haemolytic activity and were able to produce 3 hydrolytic enzymes, i.e. chitinase, glucanase and protease. In pathogenicity assays, the considered Bga strains resulted virulent for A. bisporus. The GC–MS for compounds from Bga ICMP 11096 were compatible with the structure of two bioactive fatty acids identified as methyl stearate and ethanol 2-butoxy phosphate with mass spectrum m/e 298 and 398, respectively.

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manifestations were fever (96%), irritability/ lethargy (88%), vomiting (80%), convulsion (75%), unconsciousness (53%) and headache (31%). Signs of meningeal irritation were neck rigidity (57%); kerning’s sign (51%), brudzinki’s sign (45%) and photophobia (28%). Anterior fontanel Bulging were found in (30%) cases. Sensitivity of gram stain of the CSF was 88%. Culture was found positive in 35%. Out of 70 cases of culture positive 52 cases were gram negative and 18 cases were gram positive. Bacteria isolated from CSF were common below 3 years age group and there was very less difference in sex distribution. The bacteria isolated from the CSF culture were pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Streptococci pneumonia, Staph. Aureus, E.coli, Gm –ve bacilli, Citrobacter, Proteus, Enterobacter. Overall sensitivity pattern were for meropenem (90%), vancomycin (87.5%), ceftriaxone (85.7%), Amikacin (85.7%), Ceftazidime (82.2%), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (81.4%), Amoxyclav (77.1%), Cefotaxime (70%), Gentamicin (70%), and Netilmicin (70%). Blood and urine culture were positive 5% and 2% respectively. Case fatality rate was 11.5%. Acute bacterial meningitis in children has a considerable mortality, morbidity and serious long term sequelae therefore neurodevelopmental follow up and therapy should begin early. The study concluded that up to eighty percent of all cases of bacterial meningitis admitted to Gajra Raja Medical College were children less than six years old. There is change in the trends of organism causing meningitis. The most common microorganisms responsible were pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter. There is increasing resistance to the commonly used antibiotics like cefotaxime, gentamicin and amoxyclav. Therefore prompt treatment is essential whenever presumed cases of meningitis are encountered so that the incidence of bacterial meningitis and its complications can be reduced.

Comparison of skin closure methods in Abdominal Surgeries: Adhesive 2 – Octylcyanoacrylate/Staples/Suture Materials

The most important and necessary step in any surgical procedure is Closure of skin. Sutures and staples are the traditional methods of wound closure, while tissue adhesives have entered clinical practice more recently. Closure of wounds with sutures enables meticulous closure, but they may show tissue reactivity and can require removal. Closure of wounds with staples offers the advantage of faster closure, less tissue reactivity but post-operative site pain and cost are major factors of its low acceptance. Tissue adhesives offer the advantages of no risk of needle stick injury and no requirement to remove sutures later. Tissue adhesives have better cosmetic outcome, some brands offer adhesives even with anti-bacterial (especially against Gram +ve bacilli) and anti-fungal properties so post-operative infection rate is the least with

Comparison of Antimicrobial Activities and Compressive Strength of Alginate Impression Materials following Disinfection Procedure

This study investigated the effectiveness of disinfecting solution when incorporated into alginate powder instead of water against some microorganisms and on compressive strength of alginate. For measuring antimicrobial activity of alginate, 60 alginate specimens were prepared and divided into two groups: One with water incorporated in the mix (control) and the other with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate incorporated in the mix instead of water. The tested microorganisms were: gram +ve cocci, gram -ve bacilli and yeast (each group 10 samples). For measuring compressive strength, 20 specimens of alginate were divided into two groups: One with water incorporated in the mix (control) and the other with chlorhexidine incorporated in the mix. The statistical analysis of antimicrobial efficacy of alginate was performed with Mann-Whitney U-test, which revealed very high significant difference when comparing among groups (p < 0.000). Student t-test analyzed the compressive strength data which revealed nonsignificant difference between groups (p > 0.05). The incorporation of disinfecting agents into impression materials could serve an important role in dental laboratory infection control and it had no adverse effect on compressive strength of the hydrocolloid alginate. The risk of transmitting pathogenic microorganisms to dental laboratories via impression has been considered a topic of importance for a number of years.

Biosorption of mercury by capsulated and slime layer-forming Gram -ve bacilli from an aqueous solution

The biosorption of mercury by two locally isolated Gram-ve bacilli: Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumonia (capsulated) and slime layer forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was characterized. Mercury adsorption was found to be influenced by the pH value of the biosorption solution, initial metal concentration, amount of the dried biomass and contact time. The optimum biosorption capacity of K. pneumoniae (about 15%) was recorded at pH 5, initial mercury concentration of 0.1 g/L and when contacted for less than 60 min with 1.0 g dried cells/L. While, the highest biosorption capacity of P. aeruginosa (about 25%) was reached at pH 5.8, initial mercury level of 0.15 g/L and for less than 60 min contacted with 1.0 g dried biomass/L. The efficiency average of slime layer forming P. aeruginosa, of high negatively charged components, showed more than 1.5 fold increase as compared to capsulated K. pneumoniae of low negatively charged constituents, under all the tested characteristics of mercury biosorption from aqueous solution. Key words: Biosorption, mercury, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, capsulated and slime forming bacilli.

Phytoconstituents of Zizyphus spina-christi L. fruits and their antimicrobial activity

The crude protein of Zizyphus spina-christi seeds was found to be 15.9%. The percentage of essential amino acids was (12.8%) of total amino acids. Semi-essential was 17.1%, and non-essential represents 70% of the total mixture. Free sugars of the edible part of the fruit were isolated and identified by Paper Chromatography (PC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) and shown to be a mixture of fructose, xylose, glucose, and rhamnose. The yield of mucilage of the edible parts of the fruit of Z. spina-christi L. was 7.5%. PC and HPLC studies revealed that the hydrolysate of the mucilage of Z. spina-christi L. contains, mannose (93%), glucuronic acid (4.4%), rhamnose (1.24%) and galacturonic acid (0.37%). The lipid content of Z. spina-christi L. seeds was studied. Analysis of the fatty acids, by a Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) technique, revealed the presence of 13 fatty acids; linoleic acid represents 45% of the total mixture, followed by linolenic acid (20%). Cholesterol and β-sitosterol represent the major constituents of the unsaponifiable fraction (ca. 49%). This lipid fraction showed antimicrobial activity against G+ve Bacillus subtilis , and Streptococcus pyogenes , G−ve Escherichia coli . Fatty acid fraction showed high activity against E. coli, and B. subtilis .

A novel mucin gene product forms the soluble part of the human colonic mucus gel barrier

Picolax ~) were incubated with previously cultured MAF (n=10) under anaerobic, aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. Results: Microaerophilic quantitative cultures in normal and ulcerated mucosa were 2.6xl07cfu/g and 4.7xl07cfu/g respectively. Mean quantitative cultures for anaerobic and aerobic biopies in histologically normal biopsies were 9.1xl08cfu/g and 6.4xl07cfu/g. This was not significantly different from anaerobic and aerobic inflamed biopsies (mean values: 3.6xl08cfu/g and 2.6xl06cfu/g respectively). Aerobic:anaerobic ratios in normal and inflamed mucosa were 0.069 and 0.071 respectively. Highest quantitative cultures were found in Bacteroides selective media in normal and inflamed cases at mean 7.4xl0Scfu/g and 1.5xl0Scfu/g respectively. There was significantly less growth on lactobacilli selective media from inflamed biopsies (p<0.05). Gram stain and morphology revealed predominantly gram ve bacilli in normal (47%) and inflamed (49%) mucosa. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed these findings. Picolax ® was found to inhibit MAF proliferation in all three conditions (0.07mg/ml) Conclusion:. MAF in normal and inflamed mucosa consisted of predominantly gram negative bacilli and revealed no major quantitative differences under aerobic, anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions. Aerobic:anaerobic ratios were also similar but considerably larger than luminal values. Bacteria from inflamed mucosa were less likely to grow on lactobacillus selective medium. Picolax ~ colonic lavage solution inhibits in vitro growth and proliferation of MAF. Our data do not currently support a single pathogenic cause for UC but speciating MAF may reveal more detailed differences between normal and inflamed tissue.