Retinal Vasoproliferative Tumor Research Articles

Morphological features of vasoproliferative tumor of the retina

Vasoproliferative retinal tumor (VPT) is a term proposed by ophthalmologists in relation to the totality of manifestations of an intraocular volumetric process with involvement of the inner lining of the eye, an integral part of which is the active growth of blood vessels. The available literature data on the morphology of this process are very contradictory and ambiguous. The article presents two clinical cases of vasoproliferative retinal tumor with own illustration of morphological studies.

Current Treatment Approaches for Vascular Tumors of the Retina and Optic Disc

The vascular tumors of the retina and optic disc include retinal hemangioblastoma (capillary hemangioma), retinal cavernous hemangioma, retinal racemose hemangioma (Wyburn-Mason Syndrome) and retinal vasoproliferative tumor. Although retinal vascular tumors are not common, in some cases they can lead to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Sector laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, photodynamic therapy, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy, plaque radiotherapy, and endoresection procedures are commonly in the treatment of retinal hemangioblastoma. Cryotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, photodynamic therapy, intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy and dexamethasone implants, plaque radiotherapy, and endoresection methods can be applied in retinal vasoproliferative tumor. No treatment in usually necessary in retinal cavernous and racemous hemangiomas.

Spontaneous release of epiretinal membrane in a patient with a retinal vasoproliferative tumor

A 36-year-old woman was scheduled for a vitrectomy of her left eye due to an epiretinal membrane (ERM) secondary to a retinal vasoproliferative tumor. Visual acuity (VA) was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/80 in the left. Before surgery, the patient’s vision had improved (20/20). Fundus examination and tomographic images revealed the spontaneous release of the ERM. ERM release usually presents after cryotherapy and photocoagulation. This is the first case in the literature documenting spontaneous ERM release in a vasoproliferarive tumor.

Vasoproliferative retinal tumor secundary to chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment succesfully treated with cryotherapy and scleral buckle: a case report

Vasoproliferative retinal tumor secundary to chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment succesfully treated with cryotherapy and scleral buckle: a case report

Vasoproliferative retinal tumors: Clinical presentation and treatment outcome.

To study the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of patients with vasoproliferative retinal tumor (VPRT) in India. Retrospective study of 50 eyes in 47 patients. Of the 50 eyes, 25 (50%) were primary and 25 (50%) were secondary. Common ocular pathologies related to secondary VPRT included retinal detachment (n = 8, 32%) and Coats disease (n = 7, 28%). Overall, the mean age at presentation was 35 years (range; 3-74 years) and included 30 (64%) males and 17 (36%) females. The lesions were unilateral in 44 (94%) patients. Secondary retinal features included intra/subretinal exudation (n = 41, 82%), vascularity (n = 32, 64%), subretinal fluid (n = 21, 42%), retinal neovascularisation (n = 9, 18%) and vitreous hemorrhage (n = 8, 16%). Thirty-four eyes (68%) underwent cryotherapy, of which 16 eyes (47%) received adjunct intravitreal anti-VEGF (12 eyes) or corticosteroid injection (4 eyes). Primary surgery included vitrectomy with/without encirclage and cryotherapy (n = 12, 24%) and plaque brachytherapy (n = 3, 6%). At last follow-up (mean 9.7 months, range 3-67 months), 42 eyes (84%) had complete tumor regression with no improvement in visual outcomes when comparing presenting and final best corrected visual acuity. Comparing primary versus secondary VPRT, secondary VPRT presented a decade earlier (31 vs 40 years), needed surgical intervention (48% vs 20%), had poor tumor control (72% vs 92%) and worse visual outcomes (p < 0.05). VPRTs commonly present as a unilateral lesions in the adult population with equal prevalence of primary and secondary variants. Compared with primary VPRT, secondary VPRTs require surgical treatment and are associated with poor visual outcome.

Брахитерапия в лечении вазопролиферативной опухоли сетчатки

Purpose. To analyze the effectiveness of Ru106 brachytherapy in the treatment of the vasoproliferative tumor (VPT) – a neoplasm of the retina with a pronounced vascular component. Material and methods. The observation group consisted of 17 patients (17 eyes), the average lesion height according to B-scan data was 3.34 mm. Results. After treatment, the average visual acuity was 0.2, in most cases there was a decrease in the height of the VPT focus, on average by 1.4 mm. Conclusion. Brachytherapy Ru106 has shown its effectiveness as a method of treating VPT. Key words: vasoproliferative retinal tumor, brachytherapy, retinal detachment, uveitis, epiretinal fibrosis

Neovascular Glaucoma in Children: A case series and a review of the literature.

To study the uncommon causes and treatment options for neovascular glaucoma in children. A review of the literature on neovascular glaucoma in children was conducted and we present three cases of neovascular glaucoma in children. We present three cases of neovascular glaucoma: two cases were secondary to a retinal vasoproliferative tumor-one to neurofibromatosis type 1 and the other to exudative retinopathy secondary to mild retinopathy of prematurity-and one case was secondary to a central retina vein occlusion secondary to an optic nerve glioma. Vision in the affected eye was severely impaired in all the children. The diagnosis and treatment of neovascular glaucoma in children is challenging and often a complication of a systemic or late-stage ocular condition. An appropriate diagnosis and estimation of the visual potential are essential to determine the correct treatment, especially in young children.

Вазопролиферативные опухоли сетчатки. Современный подход к лечению

Relevance. Vasoproliferative retinal tumor is a rare acquired disease. The exact pathogenesis of vasoproliferative tumors remains completely unknown, and it has long been assumed that their development is a reactive process with the proliferation of glial cells and blood vessels. Despite the widespread use of this term, vasoproliferative tumor cannot be fully attributed to true tumors and it cannot be reliably established that it is vascular in its pathogenesis. The clinical signs of vasoproliferative retinal tumor manifests itself as a yellowish-red, often loose mass with vessels of normal or slightly enlarged caliber, usually small, single and located in the lower-outer or lower part of the fundus. Due to their rarity, there are currently no uniform recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Most of the available methods have limited effectiveness, causing a temporary regression of the process, which makes it necessary to repeatedly re-treat or combine several treatments. In some cases, the use of several therapeutic options leads to complications that can be caused by both therapy and the natural progression of the disease, which together prevents reconvalescence and improvement of visual func tions. Purpose. This article presents for the first time a detailed review of the literature, including generalized data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, histological features, differential diagnosis and modern approaches to the treatment of this pathology. Material and methods. The article uses literary materials of domestic and foreign authors published in the period from 1982 to the present. Conclusion. It is necessary to further study the mechanisms of development of vasoproliferative tumors and related complications. The article uses literary materials of domestic and foreign authors published in the period from 1982 to the present. Keywords: vasoproliferative tumors, retinal vascular tumors, retinal angiomatosis, endoresection, vitrectomy, brachytherapy.

Photodynamic Therapy in Ocular Oncology.

Over the past two decades, we have witnessed the increasing use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the field of ocular oncology. Based on a review of the literature and our own experience, we herein review the role of PDT for the management of intraocular tumors. The discussion includes two main topics. First, we discuss the application of PDT for benign tumors, including circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, choroidal osteoma, retinal astrocytoma, retinal capillary hemangioma (retinal hemangioblastoma), and retinal vasoproliferative tumor. Second, we assess the role of PDT for malignant tumors, including choroidal melanoma and choroidal metastasis.

Updated Systematic Review and Clinical Spectrum of Peripheral Exudative Hemorrhagic Chorioretinopathy.

Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) is a rare retinal vasculopathy that might cause subretinal and/or vitreous hemorrhages. Although the primary etiology is still unknown, choroidal neovascularization is mainly involved in the pathogenesis. The main risk factors are age and systemic hypertension. Ancillary testing such as fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and ultrasonography can be of great value for diagnosing this entity and distinguishing PEHCR from other lesions as choroidal melanoma and retinal vasoproliferative tumor. Various treatments have been reported including photocoagulation, cryotherapy, intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) and surgical intervention as pars plana vitrectomy. This review handles an up-to-date perspective regarding PEHCR.

Required stage dependent therapy in coats disease

AbstractPurposesCoats disease is a rare retinal vascular disorder characterized by telangiectasia and exudation affecting predominantly young male. Due to its rareness, analyses of large cohorts over long periods are of particular importance to give a prognosis for the usually very young patients and their parents, especially with regard to required therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with Coats disease and treated between May 1992 und March 2019. The minimum follow‐up was 12 months. We evaluated the interventional procedures with regard to the initial stage.ResultsSeventy‐seven eyes of 75 patients were included in the analyses. Eighty‐one percent were male; mean age was 17.8 ± 18.2 years (range 1–71; median 10.0). Mean follow‐up time was 7.3 ± 5.6 years (range 1.1–21.4; median 6.5). In eyes with stage 1 (n = 2) only lasercoagulation (LC) was necessary. In stage 2A 65% (11/17) of eyes required LC, 30% (5/17) cryotherapie (CT), 25% (4/17) vitrectomy (VT) and 18% (3/17) ruthenium brachytherapy (RT) due to secondary vasoproliferative retinal tumor. In stage 2B 88% (29/33) were treated with LC, 30% (10/33) with CT, 21% (7/33) needed VT and 6% (2/33) RT. In 89% (8/9) of eyes staged 3A1 LC was necessary, in 100% (9/9) CT and in 44% (4/9) VT. Three eyes were staged 3A2 and all of them required VT, two additional LC and one additional CT. Similar results were seen in stage 3B (five eyes): in all eyes VT was performed, in 80% (4/5) LC and CT was done in addition. Four of six (66%) stage 4 eyes were enucleated, the 2 remaining received CT and VT or RT. We had 2 stage 5 eyes, thereof one required enucleation.ConclusionTherapy in patients with Coats’ disease strongly depends on the initial stage with less intense procedures in early stages. While most invasive treatment was necessary in stage 3, the rate of enucleation was, as expected, highest in stage 4. Therefore early diagnosis and immediate treatment is of highest priority to preserve the eye.

Retinal Vasoproliferative Tumor in Congenital Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Retinal Vasoproliferative Tumor in Congenital Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Differential diagnosis of retinal capillary hemangiomas and vasoproliferative tumors

Purpose. To propose the major differential diagnostic criteria of retinal capillary hemangioma (RCH) and vasoproliferative tumor (VPT) aimed at increasing the efficiency of the diagnosis of these diseases.Material and methods. A comprehensive ophthalmologic examination off 19 (26 eyes) patients, aged 19 to 66 (ave. 31.89 ± 11.30 yrs), with vascular neoplasms of peripheral localization included, beside the standard techniques, fundus photoregistration, fluorescent angiography (FAG), optical coherence tomography of the retina and a combined ultrasound testing using B scanning, echographic densitometry, colour Doppler imaging (CDI), and pulse Doppler imaging.Results. Based on the analysis of the clinical picture and the results of the tests performed, the following differential diagnostic criteria were proposed: the age at which RCH and VPT developed, their localization in the eye fundus, and the value of the maximal systolic blood flow velocity in the central vein of the retina.Conclusion. Differential diagnostics of RCH and VPT requires combined approaches and should take into account, in addition to case history and the clinical picture, also the results of instrumental testing techniques: FAG, echography and CDI.

Coats disease associated with vasoproliferative tumor treated with cryotherapy and intravitreal injections of triamcinolone

Abstract Report of a case of Coats disease associated with retinal vasoproliferative tumor in a young female patient with two peripheral vascularized tumors and lipid exudation involving the macula and peripapillary region with serous retinal detachment areas and pre-papillary fibrous proliferation. The proposed and performed treatment was the intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide to decrease the tumor exudation, followed by photocoagulation of the peripheral areas of telangiectasia without subretinal fluid and cryotherapy of the tumors. Despite that this is a rare and difficult to treat combination, in this case report, success was obtained in receding the tumor masses and reapplying the retina, leading to anatomic and visual stabilization.

The efficacy of cryotherapy in one case of retinal vasoproliferative tumor.

Retinal vasoproliferative tumor (VPT) is uncommon retinal lesion, classified as primary (idiopathic) or secondary. Retinal VPT has a predilection for the peripheral inferior temporal quadrant of the retina and may be unilateral or bilateral. It can lead to decrease vision due to intraretinal or subretinal exudation, neovascularization, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, preretinal fibrosis, macular edema and epiretinal membrane formation. Different modalities have been used to treat this tumor including clinical observation, pars plana vitrectomy, cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, brachytherapy and radiotherapy. The authors describe a case of idiopathic retinal VPT associated with extensive serous retinal detachment and point out the importance of diagnosis and the effectiveness of cryotherapy.

Therapeutic approach for retinal vasoproliferative tumor

Therapeutic approach for retinal vasoproliferative tumor

Laser and ranibuzumab combination for retinal vasoproliferative tumor's management

Case reportA 34 year-old man presented with progressive visual loss in his right eye. Ocular fundus showed a vasoproliferative tumor in the peripheral retina with an associated epiretinal macular membrane. Angiography showed a rapid filling of tumor vessels. The treatment consisted of laser photocoagulation and a single injection of intravitreal ranibizumab. After 8 weeks, there was a residual area of fibrosis, the posterior hyaloid was detached, and the epiretinal membrane disappeared. Visual acuity returned to 20/25. DiscussionLaser photocoagulation and intravitreal ranibizumab combination could be useful for vasoproliferative tumors.

Tocilizumab for retinal vasoproliferative tumor secondary to juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis: a case report

Tocilizumab for retinal vasoproliferative tumor secondary to juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis: a case report

Retinal vasoproliferative tumor

Retinal vasoproliferative tumor is a rare disease that has capillary hemangioma as the most frequent diferential diagnosis. The tumor is considered to be of reactive nature. It can be idiophatic or secondary to other ocular diseases such as: uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, sickle cell disease, previous surgery and retinopathy of prematurity. Lesions with no exsudation or visual decrease can be observed. Lesions that need treatment can be managed by on or more modalities such as cryotherapy, a variety of lasers, surgical excision, radiation, and antiangiogenic intravitreal injections.

Retinal Vasoproliferative Tumors

To compare the clinical features of primary vs secondary retinal vasoproliferative tumors (VPTs). Retrospective case series of 334 tumors in 295 eyes of 275 patients. Of 275 patients with VPT, 41% (n = 113) were male and 59% (n = 162) were female, with a mean age of 44 years at presentation. Primary VPT occurred in 80% (n = 219) and secondary VPT, in 20% (n = 56) of patients. Secondary VPT (n = 67) occurred in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (n = 15, 22%), pars planitis (n = 14, 21%), Coats disease (n = 11, 16%), previous retinal detachment surgery (n = 8, 12%), idiopathic peripheral retinal vasculitis (n = 4, 6%), familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (n = 3, 4%), and others (n = 12, 18%). The mean interval between diagnosis of underlying ocular condition and secondary VPT was 160 months. Statistically significant differences (P < .05) in clinical features (primary vs secondary VPTs) included mean age at presentation (46 vs 38 years), visual symptoms (74% vs 87%), poor visual acuity worse than 20/200 (15% vs 28%), bilaterality (4% vs 20%), multifocality (5% vs 15%), postequatorial tumor location (20% vs 33%), tumor basal dimension (6 vs 7 mm), anterior chamber cells (16% vs 30%), and vitreous cells (19% vs 48%). Retinal vasoproliferative tumor can be primary (80%) or secondary (20%). Compared with primary VPT, secondary VPT is more often bilateral, multiple, and larger and occurs at an earlier age associated with poorer visual acuity.