Surface Temperature Variability Research Articles

Detection of internal short circuit in lithium-ion batteries based on electrothermal coupling model

Internal short circuit (ISC) is the main cause of thermal runaway (TR) in lithium-ion batteries, and early detection of ISC is crucial to improve battery safety. This paper introduces a method for detecting ISC and classifying fault severity by analyzing the variations in voltage and surface temperature during battery operation. Firstly, the electrothermal coupling model (ETCM) of the battery was constructed, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to identify the ISC of the battery through the real-time collected voltage and temperature sensor data When the battery was working. Then the battery model with ISC is updated by using equivalent ISC resistance. The battery status estimation is achieved by integrating the extended Kalman filter (EFK) and sliding mode observer (SMO). Finally, the fault grade is classified according to the state difference between the battery with ISC and normal battery. The batteries with different degrees of ISC were installed in battery packs and verified by the StarSim hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiment. The findings suggest that the proposed approach facilitates rapid identification of ISC in the battery pack and enables categorization of fault severity based on the state estimation outcomes derived from analyzing the battery with ISC.

Spatio-temporal variability of surface temperatures in High Arctic periglacial environment using UAV thermal imagery and in-situ measurements

ABSTRACT The rapidly changing climate in the High Arctic is posing significant challenges to its ecosystem. To better understand the changes, this study uses Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology equipped with a thermal camera to investigate ground and water temperatures in the catchments of southwest Spitsbergen. This approach provides high-resolution, real-time data, offering a detailed understanding of surface temperatures in this remote and harsh environment. Integrating UAV technology with in-situ measurements enables data collection at high spatial and temporal scales, facilitating a thorough analysis of temperature trends and patterns. The research introduces a new processing workflow using open-source packages to create thermal orthomosaics, enhancing the analysis’s accuracy and efficiency. The final developed orthomosaics examine spatial variations in Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Water Surface Temperature (WST) and explore factors influencing them. Additionally, the study investigates thermal patterns in Arctic hydrological systems, such as channels and ponds, allowing for the identification and characterization of flow paths, including groundwater intrusions and surface water mixing, within the catchments. This multidimensional approach aims to provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between cryo-, hydro-, and meteorological dynamics in the High Arctic.

Numerical study on heat and mass transfer mechanism of dissolved particles in porous media with corroded skeletons

Heat and mass transfer mechanisms of dissolved particles in porous media with corroded skeletons are investigated by the coupled smoothed profile method and lattice Boltzmann method. Migration and dissolution process of particles in fluids are studied by integrating the source term which is obtained by time-split method. The particle surface temperature variation with time is considered for dynamic convection effect on particle motion. The dissolution rate is the same on the particle surface with the same radius. The solid morphology evolution of porous media is based on the volume of pixel method. The effects of the Damkohler number, Peclet number, Reynolds number, particle size, particle quantity, particle initial distribution and porosity gradient on the permeability evolution with time are investigated. The moving particle blockage effect, small pore throat suction effect, and jet effect are revealed. The porosity, permeability, porous skeleton corrosion degree and the particle migration velocity in the porous zone increase with an increase in the Damkohler number and Reynolds number, or a decrease in the Peclet number. The particle initial distribution and porosity gradient affect the porous skeleton corrosion degree.

Agent‐based modelling of southward coastal migration by humpback whale mother–calf pods off eastern Australia

AbstractHumpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae encounter a variety of environmental conditions during seasonal migration between feeding grounds and breeding grounds. Relationships between environmental conditions and migratory movements are largely unknown due to a lack of oceanographic data coincident with their presence/absence. We begin to address this knowledge gap by developing a new agent‐based modelling (ABM) approach designed to predict southward migration of mother–calf (MC) pairs along a stretch of the east Australian coast between the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and Gold Coast (GC) bay, which includes a known resting area, Hervey Bay (HB). To assess our ability to reproduce observed migration patterns, numerical experiments were undertaken in which static (bathymetry) and dynamic (currents, sea surface temperature) variables between August and October 2017 governed movements. These experiments revealed how bathymetry influences HB usage, and a necessity to apply different directionality preferences to whales before and after negotiating HB, which appear to closely align with coastline orientation. The ABM provides a novel, suitable framework for simulating MC humpback whale migration, and an important first step in the development of predictive models of humpback whale behavior. Developing such tools is increasingly necessary to predict how changing ocean conditions are likely to affect their distribution.

Orbital (Hydro)Climate Variability in the Ice-Free Early Eocene Arctic.

Early Eocene (∼56-48Ma) climates are useful to investigate polar climate dynamics in the absence of ice. We explore early Eocene orbital variability of Arctic climate using sediments recovered by the Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX). High resolution records of lipid biomarkers (GDGTs; 2-kyr) and palynological assemblages (5-kyr) in the ∼4m interval below Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (∼54Ma) show cyclic signals related to ∼20-kyr precession, ∼40-kyr obliquity, and ∼100-kyr eccentricity. Biomarkers indicate obliquity and precession variability representative of sea surface temperature (SST) variations up to ∼1.4 and ∼0.5°C, respectively. Peak SSTs coincide with an elevated supply of pollen and spores and increased marine productivity. This implies an orbital control on precipitation and terrestrial nutrient supply to the Arctic Basin. Assuming that SST maxima correspond to Arctic insolation maxima (precession minima/obliquity maxima), precipitation maxima also correspond to insolation maxima, implying regional hydrological processes as a forcing rather than variations in meridional water transport, contrasting Pleistocene Arctic hydrology. The relative amplitudes of precession and obliquity in the SST record match that of local insolation between spring and fall, corroborating a seasonal GDGT bias. The reconstructed complete orbital imprint refutes a bias to one end of the orbital variability. Eccentricity-related SST variability was ∼0.8°C, ∼2-3 times higher than synchronous variability in the deep ocean, and 3-4 times higher than similar variations in the tropics. This confirms eccentricity-forced global temperature variability and that this had pronounced polar amplification, despite the absence of ice-albedo feedbacks.

Constant temperature line identification on prototype gas turbine combustor with multi-colour change coating

Abstract This research focuses on identifying isotherms on the surface of a gas turbine combustion chamber using a colour-changing solvent known as temperature-indicating paint (TIP). The study employs a Multi Colour Change (MCC) 350-8 TIP to detect surface temperature variations. An innovative algorithm is proposed to identify these variations through irreversible colour changes, utilizing a colour-matching technique. The surface temperature data obtained from this method is compared with experimental calibration and computational analysis, showing not just agreement, but a high level of agreement, reinforcing the reliability of the method. This approach aims to enhance the accuracy of temperature detection in combustion chambers, which is crucial for optimizing performance and reducing emissions. The findings contribute to developing more efficient gas turbine systems by providing a reliable method for monitoring and controlling combustion temperatures. This study’s novelty lies in its use of colour-changing technology to achieve precise temperature mapping on complex surfaces.

Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature Variations off Wando During Summer Using Multiple Linear Regression

Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature Variations off Wando During Summer Using Multiple Linear Regression

Advanced Temporal Analysis of Anode Activity during Mode Transitions in High Current Vacuum Arcs

Advanced Temporal Analysis of Anode Activity during Mode Transitions in High Current Vacuum Arcs

Potential Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Variability on the 2007 Sudden Bloom of Ulva prolifera in the Southern Yellow Sea

Since 2007, Ulva prolifera (U. prolifera) originating in northern Jiangsu (NJ) has consistently expanded to the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula. However, the underlying reasons for the 2007 sudden bloom of U. prolifera on a large scale remain unknown. This study uses remote sensing data from MODIS/AQUA spanning the period 2003–2022 to investigate the sea surface temperature (SST) structure changes in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) over the past 20 years. The results demonstrate the following. (1) Since 2007, the NJ northward current and the Yangtze estuary warm current have exhibited higher temperatures, earlier northward intrusions, and larger influence areas, leading to a faster warming rate in NJ before mid-May. This rapid increase in SST to a level suitable for early U. prolifera growth triggers large-scale blooms. (2) The change in temperature structure is primarily induced by a prolonged and intense La Niña event in 2007–2008. However, since 2016, under stable global climate conditions, the temperature structure of the SYS has returned to the pre-2007 state, corresponding to a decrease in the scale of U. prolifera blooms.

Thermophoretic convection in porous atmosphere due to boosting temperature of plume: Climate change effects

A computational analysis of the impacts of thermophoretic convective heat transfer on climate change within a saturated porous atmosphere is predicted. A mathematical model is developed for the proposed problem, employing a Cartesian coordinate system for the source region, a cylindrical coordinate system for the plume region, and a spherical coordinate system for the atmospheric region. The temperature along the central axis of the plume is assumed to be variable, as is the surface temperature of the source region. In the source region, fossil fuel combustion releases thermophoretic particles that travel through the plume into the atmosphere. The climate impact of these particles is calculated via temperature difference across each region. Numerical simulations are performed to gain insights into the physical implications of the model, using the finite difference method to discretise and solve the governing partial differential equations. The effect of various parameters in the flow model, such as mixed convection parameter λT, modified mixed convection parameter λC, Schmidt number Sc, variable viscosity parameter γ, variable thermal conductivity parameter ε, porosity parameter ΩA thermophoretic parameter Nt and indexes of variable surface temperature, are analysed and presented graphically and in tabular form. The primary findings show that an increase in the porosity parameter ΩA results in increase in velocity and temperature profile, while the thermophoretic concentration decreases, potentially moderating climate impact. Further, the thermophoretic rate of heat transfer is maximum at α=1.5rad and minimum at α=πrad in the saturated porous atmosphere. The fundamental innovation of the current work is that three models from three regions are linked via trans-boundaries in terms of temperature differences. The accuracy of the obtained results is ensured by the prescribed boundary conditions and is highlighted graphically as well as in tabular form.

Modulation in Teleconnections of the El Nino Southern Oscillation by Atlantic Multidecadal Sea Surface Temperature Variability

AbstractThis manuscript uses idealized AGCM experiments to explore impacts of observed decadal Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) changes on El Nino Southern Oscillation teleconnections. Significant regional changes are observed in numerous locations (e.g., Indo‐Pacific and Central Africa) due to the addition of the AMV anomalies. In some regions the teleconnection impacts of AMV forcing appeared to scale with the magnitude of the AMV forcing. However, the AMV induced modulation of temperature and precipitation teleconnections is regionally specific with changes in magnitude, statistical strength, and spatial connection dependent on region. These ENSO teleconnection changes were found to be asymmetric between AMV phases, with negative anomalies appearing to have a larger effect. We hypothesize these changes may be underpinned by a AMV induced modulation and migration of ENSO's equatorial precipitation response.

Wall heat partitioning model with bubble tracking method for nucleate boiling considering conjugate heat transfer coupled with OpenFOAM

This study aimed to predict boiling heat transfer more accurately by incorporating the bubble tracking method and conjugate heat transfer into the conventional heat partitioning model. The bubble tracking method is developed to predict boiling heat transfer by continuously simulating the size and location of individual bubbles and simulating realistic phenomena in boiling, unlike previous methods for predicting boiling heat transfer. The method considers several factors that were not previously considered, including the stochastic behavior of the boiling process, interaction between bubbles, interaction between nucleation sites, and microlayer evaporation considering the thickness and radius of the microlayer. Additionally, it was validated for pool boiling experiments. In this study, the model was improved by incorporating conjugate heat transfer for the wall temperature variation that was not considered in the previous study, and the method was also validated with the pool boiling experiment. In this validation, the temporal and spatial surface temperature variation seen in the single-bubble experiment was well simulated, and the trends in heat flux observed in the multi-bubble experiment were well predicted.

Summer and Winter Anomalies of Day and Night Cloud Parameters over Western Siberia Using MODIS Data and ERA5 Reanalysis During 2001–2022

We present the results of analysis of multiyear variability of cloud parameters (day and night) over Western Siberia in summer and winter during 2001-2022 based on MODIS data and ERA5 reanalysis. Three latitude zones of the target region are considered: northern (66-72° N, 68-82° E), transitional (60-65° N, 62-88° E) and southern (54-59° N, 62-88° E). We have plotted time series and on their basis we have identified trends of the following cloud parameters: fraction, top height, top pressure, top temperature and effective emissivity. It was found that in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016, the largest number of anomalies in the time series of the above cloud features was observed. The comparison results for the considered cloud parameters with the variability of the land surface temperature and geopotential heights at the baric levels of 500, 700, 850 and 1000 hPa are presented. We discuss hypotheses about the causes of anomalous values in time series of investigated cloud parameters at different times of day in summer and winter, related to the specific features of atmospheric circulation over Western Siberia in different years.

Seasonal evolution modes of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies and their links to antarctic sea ice anomalies

Abstract Previous studies have explored the teleconnections between variability of Antarctic sea ice cover and tropical sea surface temperature (SST) across the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean basins, typically focusing on each basin individually. However, there has been limited investigation into the impact of tropical SSTs—particularly from a seasonal evolution perspective—on Antarctic sea ice cover. In this study, we employ the self-organizing map method to identify and analyze the primary modes of seasonal SST evolution in the tropical oceans from 1854 to 2022. We also project changes in the frequency of these modes through the 21st century. Moreover, we examine the seasonal variability of Antarctic sea ice concentration in relation to these tropical SST modes over the past four decades. Our results reveal that tropical SST anomalies display both uniform and shifted seasonal evolution patterns. Notably, the frequency of switched modes—namely, transitions from La Niña to El Niño (node 8) and from El Niño to La Niña (node 3)—is expected to increase in future climate. Interestingly, nearly mirrored SST seasonal evolution patterns do not lead to entirely opposite atmospheric circulation anomalies in the southern mid-high latitudes, nor do they result in completely inverse Antarctic sea ice cover anomalies.

Reconstruction of Hourly Gap-Free Sea Surface Skin Temperature from Multi-Sensors

The sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) is of critical importance with regard to air–sea interactions and marine carbon circulation. At present, no single remote sensor is capable of providing a gap-free SSTskin. The use of data fusion techniques is therefore essential for the purpose of filling these gaps. The extant fusion methodologies frequently fail to account for the influence of depth disparities and the diurnal variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) retrieved from multi-sensors. We have developed a novel approach that integrates depth and diurnal corrections and employs advanced data fusion techniques to generate hourly gap-free SST datasets. The General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) is employed to model the diurnal variability of the SST profile, incorporating depth and diurnal corrections. Subsequently, the corrected SSTs at the same observed time and depth are blended using the Markov method and the remaining data gaps are filled with optimal interpolation. The overall precision of the hourly gap-free SSTskin generated demonstrates a mean bias of −0.14 °C and a root mean square error of 0.57 °C, which is comparable to the precision of satellite observations. The hourly gap-free SSTskin is vital for improving our comprehension of air–sea interactions and monitoring critical oceanographic processes with high-frequency variability.

Projected increase in the frequency of extremely active Atlantic hurricane seasons.

Future changes to the year-to-year swings between active and inactive North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) seasons have received little attention, yet may have great societal implications in areas prone to hurricane landfalls. This work investigates past and future changes in North Atlantic TC activity, focusing on interannual variability and evaluating the contributions from anthropogenic forcing. We show that interannual variability of Atlantic TC activity has already increased, evidenced by an increase in the occurrence of both extremely active and inactive TC seasons. TC-resolving general circulation models project a 36% increase in the variance of North Atlantic TC activity, measured by accumulated cyclone energy, by the middle of the 21st century. These changes are the result of increased variability in vertical wind shear and atmospheric stability, in response to enhanced Pacific-to-Atlantic interbasin sea surface temperature variations. Robust anthropogenic-forced intensification in the variability of Atlantic TC activity will continue in the future, with important implications for emergency planning and societal preparedness.

Role of the Europe–China Pattern Teleconnection in the Interdecadal Autumn Dry–Wet Fluctuations in Central China

Based on statistical analyses of long-term reanalysis data, we have investigated the interdecadal variations of autumn precipitation in central China (APC-d) and the associated atmospheric teleconnection. It reveals that the increased autumn rainfall in central China during the last decade is a portion of the APC-d, which exhibits a high correlation coefficient of 0.7 with the interdecadal variations of the Europe–China pattern (EC-d pattern) teleconnection. The EC-d pattern teleconnection presents in a “+-+” structure over Eurasia, putting central China into the periphery of a quasi-barotropic anticyclonic high-pressure anomaly. Driven by positive vorticity advection and the inflow of warmer and moist air from the south, central China experiences enhanced ascending motion and abundant water vapor supply, resulting in increased rainfall. Further analysis suggests that the EC-d pattern originates from the exit of the North Atlantic jet and propagates eastward. It is captured by the Asian westerly jet stream and proceeds towards East Asia through the wave–mean flow interaction. The wave train acquires effective potential energy from the mean flow by the baroclinic energy conversion and simultaneously obtains kinetic energy from the basic westerly jet zones across the North Atlantic and the East Asian coasts. The interdecadal variation of the mid-latitude North Atlantic sea surface temperature (MAT-d) exhibits a significant negative relationship with EC-d, serving as a modulating factor for the EC-d pattern teleconnection. Experiments with CMIP6 models predict that the interdecadal variations in APC-d, EC-d, and MAT-d will maintain stable high correlations for the rest of the 21st century. These findings may contribute to forecasting the interdecadal autumn dry–wet conditions in central China.

Multi-dimensional analysis of land use/land cover and urbanization on seasonal variation of land surface temperature in İzmir, Türkiye

Multi-dimensional analysis of land use/land cover and urbanization on seasonal variation of land surface temperature in İzmir, Türkiye

Dakar Niño under global warming investigated by a high-resolution regionally coupled model

Abstract. In this study, we investigated interannual variability in sea surface temperature (SST) along the northwestern African coast, focusing on strong Dakar Niño and Niña events and their potential alterations under the RCP8.5 emission scenario for global warming, using a high-resolution regional coupled model. Our model accurately reproduces the SST seasonal cycle along the northwestern African coast, including its interannual variability in terms of amplitude, timing, and the position of maximum variability. Comparing Dakar Niño variability between the 1980–2010 and 2069–2099 periods, we found that it intensifies under a warmer climate without changing its location and timing. The intensification is more pronounced during Dakar Niñas (cold SST events) than during Dakar Niños (warm SST events). In the future, SST variability will be correlated with ocean temperature and vertical motion at deeper layers. The increase in Dakar Niño variability can be explained by the larger variability in meridional wind stresses, which is likely to be amplified in the future by enhanced land–sea thermal contrast and associated sea-level-pressure anomalies extending from the Iberian Mediterranean area. A heat budget analysis of the mixed layer suggests that surface heat flux and horizontal-advection anomalies are comparably important for Dakar Niño and Niña events in the present climate. However, the future intensification of Dakar Niños and Niñas is likely to be driven by surface heat flux (latent heat flux and shortwave radiation). While horizontal- and vertical-advection anomalies also contribute to the intensification, their roles are secondary.

Spatiotemporal variations in land surface temperature within an urban ecosystem: A comprehensive assessment of land cover change in Düzce, Türkiye

Spatiotemporal variations in land surface temperature within an urban ecosystem: A comprehensive assessment of land cover change in Düzce, Türkiye