Various Types Of Plants Research Articles

Comparison of Applications of Various Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Cayenne Pepper

Cayenne pepper is one of the agricultural commodities that has high economic value and its demand continues to increase along with the development of the population. Efforts to increase the production and quality of various types of plants continue to be carried out, by utilizing various types of fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of growth and yield of cayenne pepper using organic and inorganic fertilizers. This research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Local Waste Processing Site in Kusamba Village, Klungkung Regency, and the Laboratory of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University, Denpasar from March to November 2021. The method used in this study was experimental, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD). ) with 1 factor and 4 replications. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of fruit, fruit weight per plant, and fruit weight per ha. The results showed that the application of various types of fertilizers can increase all observed variables. The best fertilizer for the growth and yield of cayenne pepper is NPK fertilizer.

KAJIAN ETNOMEDISIN DAN PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN OBAT PADA DESA TERPILIH KECAMATAN SECANG KABUPATEN MAGELANG

Traditional medicine is a mixture of various types of plant parts in an area, so that local wisdom related to traditional medicine needs to be studied, preserved, and developed. This requires supporting data, namely in the form of written documentation and documented images with the aim of knowing various types of medicinal plants, types of diseases, how to mix, and how to treat them. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research with snowball sampling technique. The inclusion criteria in this study, among others: the residents of the Secang District who have sufficient knowledge and experience in traditional medicine, are willing to be informants in the study, people who are over 30 years old. The results showed that the community in 5 villages, Secang District, Magelang Regency used 107 species of medicinal plants from 54 families. The plant parts used are leaves, stems, roots, flowers, seeds, rhizomes, fruits, tubers, all plants, bark, wood, and fruit skins. The results of the above calculations obtained sample results for 5 villages, which amounted to 387 respondents with a 95% confidence level. ICF analysis is used to determine the level of homogeneity between the information provided by the respondents. In this study, there were a total of 80 types of disease, based on the results of the ICF calculation, the value that was close to 1 was 45 efficacy, while the ICF value that was close to 0 was 35 efficacy

Optimal Spectral Radiation Composition of a LED Phytolapm for Stimulating Carrot and Tomato Seed Development

Introduction. Light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation is widely used in various spheres of human activity, including agriculture. Due to the growing urban population and aggravating environmental situation, the problem of high-quality food provision is increasingly attracting research attention. In this context, it is important to develop energy-efficient optical systems for ensuring optimal irradiation conditions for accelerating the growth of various types of plants and improving the quality of products in autonomous agro-industrial complexes.Aim. Determination of an optimal spectral radiation composition of a phytolamp consisting of LEDs based on AlGalnP (660 and 730 nm) and InGaN (440 nm), as well as phyto-LEDs (400. _ .800 nm), to stimulate the growth and development of tomato and carrot sprouts at the germination stage. Calculation of the LED optical power and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD).Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out to study the influence of visible radiation of different quality and quantity on the development parameters of carrot and tomato seeds, including germination energy, the appearance of cotyledon and primary leaves, seed germination, average hypocotyl and root length. Optimal spectral composition and radiation power parameters ensuring effective growth of plants were determined.Results. Additional 660-nm irradiation of tomato sprouts at the germination stage was shown to exhibit a positive effect on germination, average sprout length and root development. The best results of carrot germination and development were achieved when irradiated with short-wavelength light (PPFD 243 µmol∙s–1∙m–2). Irradiation of ~ 170 µmol∙s–1∙m–2 blue and 86 µmol∙s–1∙m–2 red light was found to be effective for enhancing carrot cultivation.Conclusion. The developed irradiation schemes can be used to vary the spectral radiation composition and PPFD at different stages of crop growth and development, thereby increasing yields and reducing energy costs. In the future, this technology can be used in space research, where high energy efficiency is fundamental.

KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK GULA AREN YANG DIPRODUKSI OLEH MASYARAKAT DESA TANJUNG BATU DAN KABANGKA

Indonesia has various types of plants that have many benefits for human survival. One of the plants that has many benefits is the palm plant (Arenga pinata). The use of palm oil is not only on fruits, stems and leaves but the bunches of male flowers can be processed into sugar. Sugar produced from palm processing is one of the livelihoods of the people of Tanjung Batu and Kabangka villages. This study aims to determine the value of the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of palm sugar produced by the people of Tanjung Batu and Kabangka villages. The design of this study is observational which is descriptive. The chemical characteristics (water content, ash content, reducing sugar content and sucrose content) of palm sugar in Tanjung Batu village and in Kabangka village meet the meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) which has been approved. Organoleptic tests of palm sugar including color, aroma, taste and texture were well received by the panelists.

Analisis Potensi Bahaya Dengan Menggunakan Metode Job Safety Analysis Di Bagian Mold Maintenance PT XYZ Plant Cikarang

PT. XYZ is one of the large companies operating in the automotive sector as a manufacturer of two -wheeled and four -wheeled vehicles. In the production process, there are various types of plants, one of which is the die casting plant which focuses on the manufacture of cylinder heads. Inside the die casting, there is a part responsible for caring for and maintaining the mold or cylinder head mold, which is the mold maintenance part. Every workplace will always have the possibility of occupational accidents and illnesses. To control the risk of occupational accidents and diseases, it is necessary to identify the causes of hazards in the workplace and assess the level of risk so that adequate control and prevention of occupational accidents can be carried out. The incidence of accidents and injuries in the workplace can be reduced by using Occupational Safety Analysis. At one stage of the dies maintenance process, the upper dies cleaning process is carried out by the mold maintenance section. In the process, there is the potential for work accidents to be cut, pinched, exposed to sharp fragments and crushed by molds that stand without support. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential hazards in the process and action of upper dies cleaning. The research methods used in this research are descriptive and observational qualitative research. By conducting interviews with operators who run the process, in addition to conducting interviews, researchers also make observations about how operators work in the process. The method of analytical study is to see or observe and carry out the upper die cleaning process before any improvement, seen the potential for work accidents is very high because workers sit and carry out the cleaning process behind the upper die which is standing without safety. The potential hazards that may occur at the upper dies cleaning process stage are upper dies weighing up to 500 kg. The advice given is to develop by creating tools. The purpose of this tool is to support the back of the upper die so that it does not fall during the cleaning process and reduce as well as avoid work accidents.

Senggani Fruit Anthocyanins (Melastoma Malabathricum Auct, Non Linn) As Bacterial Dyes Differential Painting Techniques

Bacteria are difficult to see with a light microscope, because they do not absorb or refract light. Dyes absorb and refract light so that the contrast of bacteria with their surroundings is enhanced. Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments that are naturally found in various types of plants. As the name implies, this pigment gives color to flowers, fruits, and leaves of green plants.This research is a type of descriptive research. The treatment consisted of painting bacterial preparations with anthocyanin pigment extract of senggani fruit with 70% ethanol solvent and control with gram staining. The treatments were: T1: staining of bacterial preparations with gram staining, T2: painting of bacterial preparations with anthocyanin extract of senggani fruit added with 14% citric acid as a substitute for safranin and NH4Cl as a substitute for crystal violet. The results of the study showed that anthocyanin pigment extract was proven to be used as a dye for Staphylococcus aureus, Escereria coli as a substitute for synthetic dyes Safranin and Crystal violet in Gram staining.

Formulasi Lip Cream Ekstrak Etanol Biji Buah Pinang (Areca catechu L.) sebagai Pewarna Alami

Natural dyes are a dye that can be produced from various types of plants that produce natural colors that can be obtained from existing parts in plants such as leaves, fruit, stem, flowers and seeds. Lip cream is one of the decorative cosmetics used to lubricate lips so that it is not easily dry and cracked. Lip Cream as a lip dye that can be used safely with the dye of areca nut extract (Areca catechu L.). Pinang fruit seeds as natural dyes contain Tanins and phenolic compounds. This study aims to determine the characteristics and stability of areca nuts (Areca catechu L.) as a natural dye in a lip cream preparation. In making lip cream there are several ingredients used in it such as Bees Wax, Whith Wax, Cethyl Alcohol, Dimeticone, Kaolin, Castrol Oil, Titanium Dioxide, Kaolin, Toko, and Methil Paraben. Researchers used BUA Pinang seed extract as a natural dye in a lip cream preparation with a concentration of 15%, 25%, 50%, and tested physical quality, namely organoleptic test, pH, homogeneity, and for its effectiveness, namely attachment, and the power of spread, as well as Stability test. Based on research and results of evaluation tests on the field of lip cream fruit seed extract areca nut all formulations are not significantly different in the evaluation of stability.

Potential Applications of Land Treatment Systems for Disinfectant-Rich Wastewater in Response to the COVID-19 Health Protocol: A Narrative Review

Introduction: The use of antiseptics and disinfectants in daily health protocols has a consequence of changing the quality of wastewater to be toxic to microbes. As a result, microbiological wastewater treatment has the potential to not be processed properly. To solve the problem of disinfectant-rich wastewater, a plant-based treatment method can be useful, the implementation of which is a land treatment system for wastewater.
 Materials and Methods: The data collection method was carried out through the Mendeley Reference Manager, searching for articles online, and placing the terms “land treatment system”, and “disinfectant-rich wastewater”. The selected articles were up-to-date and had a significant relationship between the two terms.
 Results: This sanitation system can be a stretch of land and/or a pond of water, on which plants can grow and process. Normal concentrations of disinfectants for microbial elimination had no negative effects on the growth of various types of plants. Plants continue to live in the stress of water rich in disinfectants, as a condition of their ability to treat wastewater. The involvement of various wastewater treatment media makes evapotranspiration dry bed and evapotranspiration wet bed or wetland ponds capable of processing various pollutants. This approach can be implemented for on-site and off-site sanitation system.
 Conclusion: In this context, under conditions of enrichment of disinfectants in wastewater during the COVID-19 era, the land treatment system becomes feasible to solve the problem of changing the quality of wastewater.

FED BATCH PHYTOREMEDIATION REGIME FOR ENHANCED NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY SALVINIA MOLESTA ON FISH FARM WASTEWATER

Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater. In this study, the performance of fed batch (FB) phytoremediation by S. molesta on fish farm wastewater was investigated by varying percentage of fresh wastewater loading. This study was aimed to investigate the biomass production of S. molesta through different FB percentage cultivation along with nutrient removal aiming to treat wastewater. The water quality after phytoremediation was monitored throughout 16 days. The nutrient removal efficiency was high in higher percentage of FB but all the medium achieved standard discharge limit. Ammonia and phosphate removal showed very high (˂95%) for 75% FB medium with total removal of 46.59 mg and 5.46 mg respectively. The removal of ammonia and phosphate by control set was 13.73 mg and 1.62 mg. Although the concentration of nitrate continued to increase throughout the study, FB cultivation minimized the increment where all percentage experienced decrease in nitrate value and 75% FB had lowest level of 2.40 mg/L compared to control which was 5.00 mg/L. However total nitrogen value in higher FB medium indicated highest value of 13.85 mg/L on day 16. VSS for FB medium was far below control. FB phytoremediation of S. molesta in fish farm water showed high efficiency in nutrient removal but no significant effect on its biomass. This study proved that FB phytoremediation of S. molesta has potential on nutrient removal from fish farm wastewater

Pharmacognostical Study and Biological Potential of Nerium Oleander Linn

Medicinal plants are used all over the world in traditional and ethnological medicine. Medicinal plants include various types of plants used in herbal medicine, some of which have medicinal properties. These medicinal plants are rich source of materials that can be used in drug development and synthesis. Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita form the basis of the Ayurvedic medical system, in which thousands of plants are used therapeutically. Nerium oleander is an important medicinal plant in traditional Indian medicine. It is commonly known as Kanner. In Sanskrit medical literature, the plant is described as spicy and poisonous. Two powerful cardiac glycosides, oleanderin and nerinium, are toxic compounds isolated from all parts of the plant. The leaves, stems, bark, roots and flowers of the oleander plant are used to treat various ailments such as heart disease and asthma, corns, epilepsy, cancer, painful catamenial periods, leprosy, malaria, ringworm, upset stomach, and genital disease; and to cause abortions. Nerium Oleander has many secondary metabolites with important pharmacological uses such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, etc., which have significant pharmacological applications. This review describes the pharmacognostic study, phytochemical screening and biological potential of Nerium oleander.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PAGUYUBAN KELUARGA DAN PEDAGANG TANAMAN HIAS, SEBAGAI “ LEMBAGA KOPERASI PRIMER “ KAMPUNG WISATA BUNGA, DI DESA BANYUURIP, KEC. KEDAMEAN, KAB. GRESIK

Situation analysis Gresik Regency is one of the regencies in East Java, which used to be very well known as an industrial city because there are many industrial companies, one of which is "Semen Gresik" but here are also quite a lot of tourist sites which are also frequented by local tourists, as well as local tourists. from foreign countries, in the southern region of Gresik Regency, precisely located in Miru Hamlet and Pendem Hamlet which is in Banyuurip Village, Kedamean District, has the largest ornamental plants, has the potential for an export market that is wide open. The location of this village is very strategic, being a center for ornamental plants with various types of plants including: Antorium, Chrysanthemum Orchids, Ferns, Cacti, Bonsai, and others. In the village of Banyuurip, there is a flower farmer association with around 914 members. This ornamental plant business association has not yet been in the form of an institution such as a Cooperative. With the above problems, the research team from Untag Surabaya intends to conduct a research entitled: Development Strategy for the Association of Ornamental Plant Farmers and Traders, as a Primary Cooperative Institution, "Kampung Wisata Bunga" in the village. Banyuurip, Kec. Kedamean, Gresik Regency. Research problem: How is the Strategy for Development of the Association of Farmers' Families and Ornamental Plant Traders, as the Primary Cooperative Institution, "Kampung Wisata Bunga" in Banyuurip Village, Kec. Kedamean, Gresik Regency? Research objectives: 1.Mapping the legal entity form of the Association of Farmers' Families and Ornamental Plant Traders, which already exist in Banyuurip Village. 2. Improving the form of the Association of Farmers' Families and Ornamental Plant Traders, towards a Cooperative Legal Entity to support the activity of "Flower Tourism Village, in Kab. Gresik. Research outputs a. Research reports that can be used as input for the Gresik Regency Government in making policies for the Association of Farmer Families and Ornamental plant traders in developing the "Flower Tourism Village" destination in Banyu Urip Village, Kab. Gresik. b. Scientific Journals with ISSN or Indexed Journals and Plans for Cooperative Legal Entities Research Methods; SWOT analysis. The results of the study: The IFAS matrix area is 0.66 and the EFAS is 0.71. Matrix breadth and strategy priorities 1. Aggressive, 2 Diversification, 3 Defensive, 4. Turnaround.

Optimization of Energy in Sustainable Architecture and Green Roofs in Construction: A Review of Challenges and Advantages

Sustainability has been one of architecture’s most significant trends over the last twenty years. The environmental consciousness of professionals has put sustainability at the heart of the architectural profession and has contributed to adopting and implementing sustainable designs on the scale of urban landscapes. A green roof or living roof, which is a sustainable solution in architecture, is a roof on the surface of which plants are grown. The roof is covered by plants, covering the waterproof layer beneath the vegetation. However, various types of plants can be used in this scheme. Understanding the influencing factors in choosing the right plant species and the impact that utilizing green roofs has on the overall energy consumption of the building can tremendously help scientists and clarify the possible future research topics in this field. Hence, this article investigates energy optimization in the construction process of a green roof in sustainable architecture and its advantages and challenges. The results of this study show that budget limitations, managerial and organizational policies, legal issues, technical and scientific infrastructure, and cultural and geographical aspects are all affecting the widespread use of green roofs currently and need to be considered in future studies.

DETECTION OF NITROGENASE PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM THE SOIL OF LIWA BOTANICAL GARDEN

Liwa Botanical Gardens is an ex-situ conservation area for various types of plants. Each plant produces organic matter that will provide nutrients for the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This indicates the existence of an environment that supports the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Nitrogen is one of the nutrients needed by plants for their growth. However, the abundance of nitrogen in the atmosphere cannot be utilized directly by plants but needs to transform into ammonium and nitrate first. This transformation can be done by nitrogen-fixing bacteria through an enzymatic process. This research aims to obtain bacterial isolates that can fix nitrogen. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated using Nutrient Agar (NA) medium and furthered by nitrogenase activity detection test with semi-solid Nitrogen Free Bromothymol Blue (NFB). Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are characterized by color changes in the medium. The results obtained 22 isolates with 3 isolates detected capable of producing nitrogenase enzymes, namely TBP B3, TB1 B2, and TMA2 B2.

Ethnobotanical study of the medicinal plant by local communities in karst area of Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Ammar LA, Kurniawati B, Anggorowati D, Cahyaningsih AP, Setyawan AD. 2021. Ethnobotanical study of the medicinal plant used by local communities in karst area of Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 5: 84-93. Local people's trust in traditional medicine methods is still high, especially in rural areas. Most of the villagers in Tulakan Sub-district, Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia, grow their medicinal plants in their yards. However, local people's knowledge of various medicinal plant types is only conveyed orally from parents to children and community practice habits. Information about the using medicinal plants may begin to degrade from time to time. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of local communities regarding the use of medicinal plants and the plant diversity, especially in the village of karst areas. The research was conducted in Bungur Village and Tulakan Village, Tulakan Sub-district, Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using the snowball technique through open interviews and field surveys. A total of 40 respondents with 7 people of young age range 15-40 years and 33 people of old age range 41-75 years. Respondents with the most educational backgrounds are high school graduates. A total of 51 species were found, from 46 genera and 29 families, with 35 diseases being treated. Fever, cough, and external wounds are the most commonly treated diseases. The most widely used medicinal plant is Zingiber officinale Roscoe to warm the body, prevent fever, and increase immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the villagers orally consumed ginger for post-COVID-19 positive recovery and maintained health. The most used plant parts are leaves and rhizomes by decoction and consumption orally. Based on the research results, it is known that the knowledge of the local communities and the use of medicinal plants is still quite good among the older and younger people with various types of plants.

Etnobotani Tanaman Pangan dari Masyarakat Desa Mekar Pelita Kecamatan Sayan Kabupaten Melawi

Vegetable food is very important for the sustainability of human life. Various types of plants from Mekar Pelita Village in Melawi Regency, West Kalimantan Province, are used as food sources. This study aims to determine the types of plants used as food sources for the community in Mekar Pelita Village, Melawi Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Data collection techniques used interviews, observations (observations), and plant identification. The source of the informant was determined by purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 66 species of plants from 39 families were used as food sources by the people of Mekar Pelita Village. These plants are consumed as vegetables, cooking spices, snacks, the main carbohydrate source (rice), or consumed directly. Furthermore, the residents of Mekar Pelita Village have three types of typical plants that are used as food additives. Czechuk leaves (Sapindaceae) are used as a flavor enhancer, because they give a taste like shrimp paste, Kesopang leaves (Piperaceae) are used as food seasoning, and Kerutau (Morus sp.) are used to give a sweet taste (sugar substitute). Another distinctive species found in Mekar Pelita Village is Kelopuk. Kelopuk leaves (Malvaceae) are consumed by nursing mothers to improve the quality of breast milk.

PENGUATAN KPK (KETAHANAN PANGAN KELUARGA) PADA MASA PANDEMI DI DESA SALAMKANCI

The purpose of this activity is to overcome the problems faced by partners, namely the lack of public awareness to use yard land to meet the food needs of families in the pandemic period. The method used in this activity is PRA (Parcitipatory Rural Appraisal). This approach engages people to understand problems and increases the participation of the community to solve their own problems. Participants of this activity are the mothers of PKK members in Salamkanci Village, Bandongan Subdistrict, Magelang Regency. The first activity is socialization that continues counseling on family food security (KPK) and KPK strengthening strategies, then given motivation and training on the use of yard land then residents are given horticultural plant seeds taken from garden seeds to practice the results of training in their respective yards. As a result, public awareness to use yard land to grow various types of plants is increasing

Making Formulation of Tea Bags Combination of Kecibeling Leaves (Strobilanthes crispa (L.) Blume), Salam Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.) and Meniran Herbs (Phyllanthus niruri L.) As Antioxidants

The more incessantly the motto "back to nature" various types of plants in Indonesia are used by the community as traditional medicine. Kecibeling plants, salam and meniran herbs are one of the traditional medicinal ingredients that are often used. The potential development of the combination of kecibeling leaves, bay leaves and meniran herbs was chosen as a tea bag preparation because it is simple, cheap, and practical. The purpose of this study was to formulate a combination of kecibeling leaves, salam and meniran herbs as an antioxidant. This research was conducted by collecting fresh leaves of the kecibeling plant, salam and meniran herbs from Pematangsiantar, then used as simplicia and then formulated in teabags with varying weights. Then the formula is tested for characteristics which include water content test, pH test of the preparation, organoleptic test including hedonic test and antioxidant activity test.The results of testing the water content in each formula are 3.72%; 5.07% and 6.81%. The results of the pH test of teabag preparations from each formula were 6.7-7.Based on the results of the Hedonic test, Formula II with a weight of 0.95g was preferred by the panelists, so it was continued to be tested for activity as an antioxidant. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that in Formula II (0.95 g) has antioxidant activity with the category "Medium".

Medical Plant Species: Distribution, Traditional Utilization, Conservation and Role in Tourism Development in the Forest of Taman Gumi Banten, Wanagiri Village, Buleleng, Bali

Taman Gumi Banten Forest is located in Wanagiri Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. This forest was previously managed by the local government. When managed by the government, illegal logging occurred and expansion of cultivated plants into the forest. The government then grants the forest for its management to the customary village. The forest that is managed by this customary village is based on local wisdom so that this forest remains sustainable until now and there is no illegal logging and expansion of cultivated plants into the middle of the forest. The purpose of this study was to determine the various species of medicinal plants and their mapping in the perspective of traditional medicinal plant use, processing methods, usage methods, designation of medicinal plants, tourism perspectives, and local wisdom-based conservation. The research population was all plant species in the forest of Taman Gumi Banten. The research sample for (1) mapping study was the entire forest area of Taman Gumi Banten. (2) Plant species samples are all plant species covered by squares with a size of 20x20 m² (for trees), 5x5 m² (for saplings), and 1x1 m² for seeds / seedlings). To find out the various types of plants that can be used as medicinal plants, deep interview methods, observation, questionnaires, and check lists are used. The informants were Balian / Shaman (2 people), Village Head and staff (5 people), Traditional Village Head staff (5 people), Stakeholders / Pastors (3 people), General Community (10 people). Total informants were 25 people. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed: (1) The overall plant species and medicinal plants in the Taman Gumi Banten forest, Wanagiri Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency have been mapped. (2) The traditional use of medicinal plants by the Balinese people generally has three properties, namely tis (cold), dumelade (not cold and not hot), and anget (hot). (3) In the perspective of developing forest tourism, there are opportunities to be developed as a tourism object.

Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Hutan sebagai Bahan Pengobatan Tradisional oleh Masyarakat Suku Dayak Meratus Kalimantan Selatan

The use of forest plants as medicinal materials is an essential part of the life of indigenous peoples, one of which is the Dayak tribe of the Meratus Mountains. This study aimed to analyze the use of plants as medicinal ingredients for the indigenous Cabai community in Patikalain Village, Hantakan District, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, which is part of the Meratus Mountains Dayak tribe. The method of data collection was done by semi-structured interviews. Selected respondents were determined by purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analyzed by tabulation matrix. There were 18 types of forest plants that were used as medicine by the indigenous people of Cabai. The most widely used plant habitats for medicinal purposes were shrubs/shrubs and trees. Roots and leaves were the most widely used plant parts in medicine. There were at least 23 diseases that could be treated with various types of plants. Forest plants were widely used for internal medicine compared to external medicine. Treatment using plant ingredients was the first alternative used by the community in medicine. If this did not work, then community members who were sick would be directed to seek treatment at the Local Health Care Unit. If modern medicine did not work, the next alternative, then additional treatment using traditional rituals, was the last option. This finding was a contribution to knowledge in the traditional medicine system of the local community.

AGROFORESTRY FOR FOOD ESTATE DEVELOPMENT : environmental perspective

The high population growth of 3.26 million people per year and the shrinking land for agriculture have caused sufficient food supply to become a problem. As a tropical country, all regions of Indonesia have the potential to develop various types of plants, including carbohydrate-producing crops to ensure national food security. Food crop development programs by the government through food estate projects need to consider various factors so that the goal of achieving food security can be successful. Considering that this project is very strategic and the target that is cold to achieve is very large with a limited time, the easiest way to develop it may be using a monoculture pattern. This pattern is considered very vulnerable to pest and disease attacks, with a very large risk. This paper reviews environmental factors related to the development of carbohydrate-producing plants so that the expected economic function can be achieved. There are three interrelated pillars in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), namely the social, economic, and environmental pillars. The method used is to review the literature on food crop development using agroforestry models from various sources, domestic and foreign. The results of the study strengthen the evidence that the agroforestry pattern can provide environmental pillars that become an enabling factor for the achievement of economic goals, namely the achievement of the development of carbohydrate-producing plants through food estate projects. The results of the study also concluded that the agroforestry pattern brings at least six advantages, namely increasing land productivity, suppressing the development of plant pests and diseases, contributing to climate change mitigation, increasing soil fertility, improving soil and water conservation functions, and being a therapeutic medium (forest healing). Based on these results, it is highly recommended to apply the agroforestry model to food estate development projects