Various Types Of Machines Research Articles

On the amount of nonconstructivity in learning formal languages from text

Nonconstructive computations by various types of machines and automata have been considered by, for example, Karp and Lipton as well as Freivalds. They allow to regard more complicated algorithms from the viewpoint of much more primitive computational devices. The amount of nonconstructivity is a quantitative characterization of the distance between types of computational devices with respect to solving a specific problem.This paper studies the amount of nonconstructivity needed to learn classes of formal languages. Different learning types are compared with respect to the amount of nonconstructivity needed to learn indexable classes and recursively enumerable classes, respectively, of formal languages from positive data. Matching upper and lower bounds for the amount of nonconstructivity needed are shown.

EMPOWERING PARENTS IN INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE IN EARLY AGE CHILDREN WITH THE THEME "SCIENCE IS FUN"

The responsibility of introducing science to early childhood should not only be borne by PAUD 
 teachers, but it should also have been introduced by parents at home. This empowerment activity 
 is focused on how the introduction of science to AUD can be done by parents at home, what media 
 can be made by parents to introduce science to early childhood. The target activities are the 
 Kumanis nagari community and Tanjung Bonai Aur Sijunjung Regency who have children aged 2 
 years - 6 years. The preparatory phase carried out includes: survey and stabilization and 
 determination of location and targets. The Stages of the Workshop are as follows: 1) Techniques to 
 read fairy tales about science: reading narratives, vocal techniques of cartoon characters to the 
 sounds of animals, nature and various types of machines as well as "story telling" to participants, 2) 
 Techniques of making fairy tales with natural themes, 3) Techniques to make science play tools for 
 AUD as well as simulating the use of these tools. Evaluation of activities is carried out during the 
 process and the end of the training. As for evaluating these activities, we conducted a 
 questionnaire. From the questionnaire assessment it can be concluded that the activity participants 
 were satisfied and gained new knowledge for their activities

Flat surfaces machining by the magneto-abrasive method with permanent magnet end-type heads 1. The influence of the type of magneto-abrasive powder on the effectiveness of the magneto-abrasive machining

Background. The modern production requires finishing surfaces of steel parts with zero and small curvature in order to reduce roughness and obtain a smoothed microprofile. Actual is the creation of a mobile, universal movably coordinated abrasive tool, which has a wide range of uses on machines of various types. For this, it is necessary to carry out studies on the influence of not only the type of magneto-abrasive powder, but also its shape and size on the effectiveness of flat surfaces machining by high-power permanent magnet end-type heads, and determine the rational conditions for their exploitation.Objective. The aim of this work was to determine the effectiveness of the magneto-abrasive machining process by permanent magnet end heads of flat ferromagnetic surfaces by the magneto-abrasive powders of various types, with different particle shapes and the size of the working gap.Methods. The study was carried out on flat samples of steel 45 with their preliminary preparation by face milling and grinding. Their machining was carried out by the head, on the working end of which the magneto-abrasive powder is formed in the form of a brush, with the different working gaps.Results. The paper presents the results of studies of magneto-abrasive machining of flat surfaces by the heads with permanent high-power magnets. In the study of the possibility of using magneto-abrasive powders of different types, shapes and sizes, it was shown that it is advisable to use powders with an angular particle shape with a large number of cutting micro edges on the particle surface and with a small radius of their rounding. The obtained results suggest, that the process of formation of the magneto-abrasive tool, directly its shape and the nature of the arrangement of magneto-abrasive particles and their groups relative to the machined surface will have a significant impact on the final result of machining.Conclusions. In the result of experimental studies of the process of magneto-abrasive machining of flat steel surfaces by powders of various types and grit, it was shown that it is possible to provide a surface roughness with Ra < 0.05 μm with simultaneous removing surface waviness. It was established that the decisive technological guideline when achieving the minimum roughness is the size of the working gap, which should be at least 1.5 mm.

ANALYSIS OF THE CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE REGIONS OF THE PRIMARY APPLICATION OF THE SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCING WATER FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR

The object of research is the thermal and humidity processes occurring during artificial cooling of atmospheric air to the dew point temperature in the evaporators of refrigeration machines of the compression and absorption type. This study solves the problem of finding energy efficient heat and humidity modes for cooling atmospheric air to the dew point temperature in regions with a shortage of water resources and high solar installations. It is shown that practically in all considered climatic zones with a shortage of water resources, the process of obtaining water from atmospheric air is most energetically expended in the winter period of the year, and the most energetically efficient - in the summer period. In the summer period of the year, the specific energy consumption is numerically comparable in the cooling temperature range from 5 °C to 15 °C. It is also shown that the application of the technology of night radiation will create a reserve of natural cold for additional cooling of condensers of refrigerating machines of various types during the entire period of operation. The area of practical use of the research results: compression and absorption refrigeration machines operating in systems for obtaining water from atmospheric air and taking into account seasonal changes in the thermal and humidity parameters of atmospheric air. An innovative technological product: energy-efficient systems for obtaining water from atmospheric air based on refrigeration machines of the compression and absorption type, which also work with the help of solar radiation. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: systems for supplying the population with drinking and process water, mainly in areas with a shortage of water resources.

Analysis of the properties of waste coming out of carding machines of various types

Analysis of the properties of waste coming out of carding machines of various types

Who is afraid of machines?

SUMMARY We study how various types of machines, namely, information and communication technologies, software and especially industrial robots, affect the demand for workers of different education, age and gender. We do so by exploiting differences in the composition of workers across countries, industries and time. Our data set comprises 10 high-income countries and 30 industries, which span roughly their entire economies, with annual observations over the period 1982–2005. The results suggest that software and robots reduced the demand for low- and medium-skill workers, the young and women – especially in manufacturing industries; but raised the demand for high-skill workers, older workers and men – especially in service industries. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that automation technologies, contrary to other types of capital, replace humans performing routine tasks. We also find evidence for some types of workers, especially women, having shifted away from such tasks.

Increased efficiency of tests of electric machines of various types

The paper describes the issues of operation of electric machines of various types. A wide adoption of asynchronous electric drives in various fields is noted. The relevance of the issue of embedding test complexes at companies conducting repairs, both asynchronous motors and direct current machines with different excitation types, is justified. The importance of the application modern power-saving technologies in the process of repair of electric machines is noted. One such technology is the method of mutual loading. Proposed scheme makes it possible to carry out tests by means of method of mutual loading such as induction motors, and direct-current machines with serial and independent (parallel) excitation. The effect is that the proposed scheme has a much lower cost compared to the total cost of schemes designed for testing of electric machines of the same types.

PILOT STUDIES OF PROCESS OF VIBROACOUSTIC DYNAMICS AT LOCAL HARDENING OF DETAILS A SHARIKO-ROD UPROCHNITEL

Objectives The most important problem of modern mechanical engineering is increase in durability of products, their efficiency and competitiveness in the world market. The equipment for machining creates the increased noise levels in a working zone of operators. Now regularities of formation of acoustic characteristics are studied generally for metal-cutting and woodworking machines of various types. Formation of the sound field at shariko-rod hardening is studied insufficiently. The purpose of researches which results are given in this article consisted in studying of regularities of spectral structure of noise and vibrations when processing ShSU of details with various ways of fixing. Method. In the course of pilot studies the known methods of measurement and processing of experimental data in relation to acoustic and vibration characteristics were used. Results. It is established that noise ranges at ShSU of details with various ways of fixing have identical regularities of a shumoobrazovaniye and are characterized by pronounced high-frequency character. It is proved that the dominating sources yaa-lyatsya the strengthened detail and an uprochnitel. Conclusion. Sizes of excesses of levels of sound pressure systems "up-rochnitel-detal2 in a high-frequency part of a range 500-8000gts are installed. The established regularities of formation of spectral structure are a basis for the choice of means of decrease in noise levels. Work is performed within initiative research work.

A new approach to increasing the efficiency of the ship main engine air waste heat recovery cooling system

The efficiency of integrated cooling air at the intake of Turbocharger and Scavenge air at the inlet of working cylinders of the main diesel engine of dry-cargo ship by transforming the waste heat into a cold by an Refrigerant Ejector Chiller (ECh) as the most simple in design and reliable in operation and by complex in design but more efficient Absorption Lithium-Bromide Chiller (ACh) was analyzed. A ship power plant of cogeneration type using the relatively low-grade heat of water of a heat supply system with a temperature of about 90 °C, that significantly complicates the problem of its conversion into cold were considered. Because of the insufficiently high efficiency of transformation of the heat of hot water (low coefficient of performance) as compared with steam, the resulting cooling capacity may not be enough for cooling intake air of the turbocharger and scavenge air, that raises the problem of the rational distribution of heat loads between the Turbocharger Intake Air cooling circuit (subsystem) and Scavenge air cooling circuit and the need to use chillers of various types. This takes into account the rational parameters of cooling processes of the scavenge air in the cogeneration high-temperature stage of scavenge air cooler, in the intermediate stage of traditional cooling air with seawater, and in the low-temperature stage for deep cooling of the scavenge air by using a chiller. A new approach is proposed to improve the efficiency of integrated cooling Intake Air of the turbocharger and Scavenge Air at the inlet of the working cylinders of the ship main engine of a transport ship, which consists in comparing the required cooling capacity and the corresponding heat needs during the trade route with the available heat of exhaust gases and scavenge air of the cogeneration power plant, determining the deficit and excess cooling capacity of heat utilizing cooling machines of various types, that allows to identify and realize the reserves of improving the efficiency of cooling intake air of the turbocharger and the scavenge air of the main diesel engine through the joint use of chillers of various types.

A simulation framework to analyze information flows in a smart factory with focus on run-time adaptability of machine tools

By collecting and utilizing various types of machine- and process-related information (e.g., machine status, machining conditions, and machining quality) through interactions with other devices and software applications, machine tools in a smart factory will become considerably intelligent and achieve better run-time adaptability. In this study, a framework is presented to simulate the behavior of the process network of machines and software in a factory, particularly physical work and information flows. This framework will be used to validate the run-time adaptability of intelligent machines. Herein, the architecture of the simulation framework, component library, and executed behavior of an exemplary simulation model established with the component library on the framework are also provided. The framework is an enabler of architectural model-based development of a smart factory. The intended users of the framework are system architects of smart factory who defines its usage and functional views.

Machines of Disquiet: Textual Experience in the LdoD Archive

The work Machines of Disquiet (http://mofd.dei.uc.pt) has been developed in the context of an ongoing research project whose goal is to create a dynamic digital archive of the Book of Disquiet, an unfinished work written by Fernando Pessoa between 1913 and 1935 (LdoD Archive, 2017, https://ldod.uc.pt/). This paper intends to show the workings of Machines of Disquiet in experiencing Fernando Pessoa’s text as electronic literature. We start by showing the rationale of the LdoD Archive, followed by a discussion of the Machines of Disquiet as both electronic writing and gameplay experiment, before moving on to a demonstration of the various types of machines. We conclude by describing these textual experiments as an opening up of the Book of Disquiet to further acts of writing.

Organ Preservation in Liver Transplantation.

The discrepancy between the number of patients awaiting liver transplantation and the number of available donors has become a key issue in the transplant setting. Various strategies to cope with the donor shortage problem and to increase the use of suboptimal grafts have been explored. Machine perfusion has been applied ex situ to liver grafts in the effort to improve static cold-storage preservation. If a more extensive application of this technology confirms the preliminary results, machine perfusion will become crucial in increasing the donor pool as well as improving recipients' outcomes. In this review, the authors focused on the evolution of machine perfusion, from the first animal experiences to the latest evidence in humans, highlighting the pros and cons as well as the potential clinical applications of various types of machine.

Mechanisation and automation technologies development in work at construction sites

Implementing construction work that creates buildings is a very complicated andlaborious task and requires the use of various types of machines and equipment. For years there has been a desire for designers and technologists to introduce devices that replace people’s work on machine construction, automation and even robots. Technologies for building construction are still being developed and implemented to limit people’s hard work and improve work efficiency and quality in innovative architectonical and construction solutions. New opportunities for improving work on the construction site include computerisation of technological processes and construction management for projects and processes. The aim of the paper was to analyse the development of mechanisation, automation and computerisation of construction processes and selected building technologies, with special attention paid to 3D printing technology. The state of mechanisation of construction works in Poland and trends in its development in construction technologies are presented. These studies were conducted on the basis of the available literature and a survey of Polish construction companies.

Dynamic aspects of design and maintenance of the rotating machinery applied in the mining industry

In the paper a dynamic behaviour of the selected typical group of rotating machines applied in the mining industry is investigated. These are the beater mills and crushers as well as blowers and compressors, all driven by the asynchronous motors. In particular, there is considered an influence of various types of machine working tool loadings on the system lateral steady-state dynamic responses as well as a mutual torsional electromechanical interaction between the driving motor and the driven machine in transient operational conditions. The theoretical calculations have been performed by means of the advanced structural mechanical models. The conclusions drawn from computational results can be very useful during design phase of these devices as well as helpful for their users during regular maintenance.

Dynamic aspects of design and maintenance of the rotating machinery applied in the mining industry

In the paper a dynamic behaviour of the selected typical group of rotating machines applied in the mining industry is investigated. These are the beater mills and crushers as well as blowers and compressors, all driven by the asynchronous motors. In particular, there is considered an influence of various types of machine working tool loadings on the system lateral steady-state dynamic responses as well as a mutual torsional electromechanical interaction between the driving motor and the driven machine in transient operational conditions. The theoretical calculations have been performed by means of the advanced structural mechanical models. The conclusions drawn from computational results can be very useful during design phase of these devices as well as helpful for their users during regular maintenance.

Machines and technologies of entire lands levelling for paddy field

The entire lands levelling for paddy field with the precision of ±3 cm provides heavy and stable rice crop and irrigation water saving. The purpose of the article is the determination of technical and economic indicators of various machines and technologies of levelling for paddy field and the estimation of efficiency of their use. At the beginning of levelling, executive survey of the check should be performed with application of the laser transmitter and automatic level. Based on the recorded survey data, the plan of levelling operations is made on computer with special software. Entire lands levelling requires the use of various machines: the scraper, the land leveller, the V-type leveller, the ejector scraper. Four main variants of technology are used. In the first and second variants of technology, the scraper and land leveller are used; in the third one there are V-type leveller, scraper and land leveller; in the fourth one the ejector scraper is in use. Each machine is equipped with the laser transmitter, laser receiving device and hydraulic unit, which provides levelling precision of ± 2-3 cm. After the levelling by analogy with executive survey, the control one is performed and according to the constructed cartogram, the precision of the levelled surface of the check is estimated. The technical characteristics of the automated machines are presented. Based on the analysis of performance of various types of machines, it is established that the ejector scraper has significant advantages due to the increased volume of soil transportation in scraper mode and the increased thickness of soil cutting in comparison with the land leveller. All of this improves performance of the ejector scraper and reduces number of its passes. The ejector scraper also is applicable in finishing levelling in operating mode of land leveller. The calculated dependences for determination of process capacity of various machines used in the levelling are given. The formulas for calculation of its cost and economic efficiency for the main variants of technology are also given. On the basis of indicators of operational characteristics of machines and calculated data of economic efficiency, the technical and economic indicators of entire lands levelling for paddy field in conditions of Krasnodar Krai are determined. The lowest cost of levelling operations and the maximum economic benefit corresponds to the variant of technology using one multi-purpose ejector scraper with short base.

Study of the Tractive Forces Applied to Galvanized Strip on a Straightening Machine in a Continuous Hot-Galvanizing Unit

Relations are presented to determine the tractive force exerted on strip by a straightening machine in a continuous hot-galvanizing unit. The working rollers of the machine have different radii. The relations take this difference into account along with the coefficient of rolling friction in the bearings of the rollers, the number of rollers in the straightening machine, the curvature of the strip, unit back tension, and the strip's mechanical properties and geometric dimensions. Results are presented from a study of how the tractive forces are affected by the cross-sectional area of the strip and the unit back tension. The results are Most of the flat-rolled products made with metallic coatings are strips and sheets with zinc and zinc-bearing coatings. In world practice, rolled strip is galvanized with the use of various types of machines and methods which differ mainly in the processes used for annealing and degreasing the metal (1-4). The accuracy of the geometry of galvanized strip is appreciably influenced by the adjustment of the straightening machine. The goal of present investigation is to examine the tractive forces applied to the strip by a straightening machine in a continuous hot-galvanizing unit (CHGU) and to develop efficient regimes for subjecting the strip to tension. The CHGU at the Mariupol Metallurgical Combine applies a wide range of coatings to strip in a broad range of widths and thicknesses. The unit controls coating thickness through the use of jets, subjects the strip to non-oxidative heat- ing, rapidly cools it in a controlled manner with a protective gas, and is equipped with an automated system that controls the overall production process (4). Among the pieces of equipment in the CHGU: uncoilers; twin shears for cropping the ends of the strip; centering rollers; welding machine; shears for trimming the sides of the strip; a horizontal storage unit that receives incoming strip; preheating furnace, high-speed heating furnace, and soaking unit; sections for rapid, slow, and final cooling of the metal; a sloping trough and a galvanizing bath; a gas cutter to control the thickness of the coating; air cooling section; a vertical unit for storing outgoing strip; temper stand; straightening machine; lubricating unit; coilers; a unit for transverse cutting of the strip; packaging machine. After the strip has been coated, it is straightened to obtain a smooth surface without shape defects. Steel strip with a thick- ness in the range 0.16-0.32 mm is straightened in straightening machines with 40-46-mm-diam. work rollers, while strip thicker than 0.32 mm is sent through straightening machines with work rollers 50-60 mm in diameter. The speed of the rollers is syn- chronized with the overall speed of the hot-galvanizing unit. Tension devices are positioned on both sides of the straightening

Properties and application of rubber-based sealants

Features of the chemical nature, physical state, hardening mechanism, application technology, properties, and main practical fields of application of sealing and tightening materials based on polysulfide and siloxane rubbers are considered. Brands of domestically produced polysulfide and silicon-organic sealants that gained the greatest distribution in engineering and construction are considered. Different technological sealant application methods used in production and repair of various types of machines and equipment are reviewed.

UP-02.230 Local Staging of Prostate Cancer; Correlation Between Endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathological Findings after Radical Prostatectomy in Habitual Clinical Use

We analyzed the accuracy of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (eMRI) used in common clinical conditions (various types of machines, radiologists and radiological centers) in correlation with pathological finding after radical prostatectomy (PFRP).

Basic Operation of Cryocoolers and Related Thermal Machines

This paper deals with the basics of cryocoolers and related thermodynamic systems. The treatment is based on the first and second law of thermodynamics for inhomogeneous, open systems using enthalpy flow, entropy flow, and entropy production. Various types of machines, which use an oscillating gas flow, are discussed such as: Stirling refrigerators, GM coolers, pulse-tube refrigerators, and thermoacoustic coolers and engines. Furthermore the paper deals with Joule-Thomson and dilution refrigerators which use a constant flow of the working medium.