Various Types Of Economic Activity Research Articles

Study of the influence of commercial activities on waste formation in Ukraine in the context of sustainable developmentment

Study of the influence of commercial activities on waste formation in Ukraine in the context of sustainable developmentment

Spread of antibiotic-resistant actinobacteria in soils exposed to various types of anthropogenic impact

The work investigated the spectra of resistance to a certain set of antibiotics and the frequency of occurrence of resistant strains among typical soil bacteria – actinomycetes. Equal samples of isolates from sod-podzolic soil were used, selected at sites typifying various types of economic activity, namely: the production areas of a plywood factory and a chemical plant, the territory of a medical institution, and a solid waste collection and storage site. A total of 58 isolates with features characteristic of actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces of the sections Cinereus, Helvolo-Flavus and Albus were obtained. It has been established that various types of economic activity lead to specific changes in the antibiotic resistance, which characterizes the soil of a natural grass-grass meadow (back-ground). Isolates with resistance to nalidixic acid, amoxicillin and ceftriaxone were found in the sample taken on the territory of the chemical plant more often than in the soil of the background site. The proportion of strains resistant to nalidixic acid, lincomycin and azithromycin was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the soil samples taken at the MSW collection site and the territory of the medical institution, while those resistant to nalidixic acid and amoxicillin were in the sample from the plywood factory Groups of antibiotics (quinolones – nalidixic acid, and β-lactams – amoxicillin and ceftriaxone) were identified, the resistance to which in streptomyces isolates from soils involved in economic activity was significantly higher than in soil isolates from the background territory. The data obtained in the work indicate the need to monitor the spread of antibiotic resistance in soils that are not only at risk of accumulation of residual concentrations of antibiotics, but also other consequences of anthropogenic influences.

New Indicators of Business Uncertainty in the Russian Economy

The purpose of the article is to present the main results of the study on the development of methods and testing of tools necessary for continuous monitoring of the business environment in Russia by measuring the level of its uncertainty and identifying the degree of its influence on the dynamics of economic activity based on the analysis of business tendency surveys. This methodology was tested for the first time to assess the level of uncertainty in the business environment and its impact on the digital and technological development of domestic industrial enterprises.The source of data for the study is regular sample surveys of business leaders for the period from 2009 to 2022. Two independent databases are used: quarterly surveys of business activity of organizations of various types of economic activity to build national and industry indicators of uncertainty in the business environment and annual pilot surveys of digital activity of industrial enterprises to construct an indicator of uncertainty in the field of digital and technological development of industry.All calculated composite indicators were able to identify significant features of the economic situation for the Russian economy associated with shock events. When analyzing the fluctuations of the indicators under study, «spikes» are clearly detected in response to the shocks of the business tendencies in 2020 and 2022. In general, the period from 2020 to the present is characterized as a period of prolonged crisis associated with growing uncertainty in the Russian economic environment, the unprecedented scale of which was demonstrated by the constructed indicators.According to the authors, the proposed composite indicators expand the analytical capabilities of business tendency surveys data, creating the prerequisites for regular monitoring of changes in the level of uncertainty in the business environment and increasing the operational value of the information provided by companies. This allows to develop more accurate socio-economic scenario forecasts.

Statistical Analysis of Financial Results of Dairy Production Organizations of the Altai Territory

Currently observed significant differentiation of organizations involved in dairy products production in the Altai Territory in terms of financial results and the amount of property determines their development prospects, sources and cost of attracted financial resources and opportunities for formation of an optimal capital structure. Under these conditions it is important to identify the main trends in the formation and use of financial resources of dairy production organizations, taking into account market conditions in the dairy products market.The purpose of the study is a statistical assessment of the formation of financial results of organizations specializing in the production of dairy products, considering the observed processes of capital concentration. The authors specify that the main contribution to the formation of the balanced financial result of the dairy industry organizations in the Altai Territory is made by entities specializing in the production of cheese and cheese products, drinking milk and cream. The results of the statistical grouping made it possible to determine that for all types of economic activity in the groups of organizations there were both profitable and unprofitable entities with a fairly high differentiation in terms of revenue level. At the same time decrease in profitability of all types of products is the main factor in reducing products profitability level in 2019–2021. The impact of the change of cost of sales structure by entities of various types of economic activity on profitability was positive but not significant. Entities differ significantly in terms of current assets turnover, and the general slowdown in the current assets turnover in 2019–2021 led to additional involvement of funds in turnover. The government bodies taking into account the results of the study in their activities will allow them to increase the effectiveness of monitoring the efficiency of the use of financial resources of economic entities, as well as to justify the feasibility of preferential lending to dairy industry enterprises depending on their specialization.

Modern changes in climatic characteristics and minimum flow of the rivers in the basin of lake Sevan

Formulation of the problem. Studies and data on modern changes in the winter minimum average monthly flow of the rivers of the Lake Sevan basin and their climatic characteristics have acquired great practical importance and considerable interest due to the increased use of water resources for the purposes of various types of economic activities, in particular, in connection with the development of the economy, hydropower, irrigation, population growth and rising living standards. Especially relevant are the calculations of the minimum flow in relation to solving the problems of water supply for settlements, industrial enterprises. The aim of the work. Assessment of modern changes in the winter minimum average monthly runoff of rivers in the Lake Sevan basin and their climatic characteristics. Methods. The following methods were used in the work: mathematical-statistical, extrapolation, interpolation, spatial analysis, analogy, correlation and cartography. Results. A physical map has been compiled with a network of meteorological stations and hydrological posts in the Lake Sevan basin. Close correlations were obtained between the values of the winter minimum average monthly runoff and the average runoff of the winter period for a hydrological year. These dependences can be used for preliminary estimates of the minimum runoff of the winter low-water period of unstudied rivers in the territory under consideration. In the course of the research, the winter minimum average monthly discharges were calculated by months and for the entire observation period, the average value of the minimum runoff for the winter low water, and the linear trend of the climatic characteristic. Based on the obtained results, a map of the distribution of the modul of the average minimum runoff of the winter low-water period and the coefficients of the linear trend of the winter air temperature were constructed. Examples of curves of long-term changes in precipitation amounts for the autumn and winter periods, the sum of positive temperatures and the number of days with a positive average daily air temperature in the winter period for a series of meteorological stations in the study area are presented. The rivers of the Lake Sevan basin are characterized by an uneven spatio-temporal distribution of winter minimum runoff and climatic characteristics, changes in the winter average monthly minimum runoff, precipitation amounts for the autumn and winter periods are multidirectional, and air temperature changes are only an upward trend. In the area under consideration, there is mainly (by 8 out of 12 stations under study) a tendency to decrease in the values of the minimum average monthly river flow. The conducted studies lead us to the conclusion that the main factor causing changes in the low-water runoff of the rivers in the Lake Sevan basin in winter is the air temperature, or rather, its increase. It follows from this that when calculating and forecasting winter runoff, it is necessary to relate the values of runoff and air temperature.

FAMILY BUSINESSES IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD: COMPARISON OF RESEARCH AREAS

The purpose of the article is to compare the research areas of family businesses in Ukraine and abroad. The article examines the domestic and foreign research experience of family businesses from the standpoint of innovative economic development. Relevant publications of recent years are considered, which reflect the results of research and achievements of science and practice of the leading countries of the world, and a typology of family business research is compiled. The author's features of the typology of research on family enterprises are proposed: resource-oriented research, innovation-management and project research, approbation-methodical research, spatial and credit-oriented research, and innovation-oriented integrating research. As a means of implementing programs, projects, and measures for the development of family enterprises, planning and organizational measures of innovatively oriented formation, functioning and development of family enterprises and determination of optimal ways of such development are proposed.The problems of the creation, operation and development of family enterprises in Ukraine and the development of family entrepreneurship on the basis of modern innovations and experience of foreign family firms of various types of economic activity were considered. This will allow, in the current conditions, as well as in the post-war period, to use the potential of family businesses of all types of economic activity in the most effective way.The article proposes the use of methods of analysis, analogy, comparison, induction, and statistics, which allowed to thoroughly study a certain set of issues and draw appropriate conclusions.

European concept of ecologically balanced nature management in a market economy

The main task of the article is to establish the cause-and-effect links between the factors of environmental pollution and motivational mechanisms for ecologization of the economy in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. It is determined that the specificity of agricultural production is their close connection with the environment and its significant pollution with greenhouse gases and other harmful substances. It is established that the rate of global warming can be decreased by half by reducing the production of animal and plant products and increasing the use of renewable energy sources in the production sector. It is found that in the process of economic transformation, considerable attention should be paid to the need to reduce energy intensity, material intensity, ecologization of technological processes and improvement of product quality. In the realization of economic policy, the priority should be the use of environmental mechanisms for its regulation, and production should be concerned not only with satisfying the needs of consumers of products, but also with reducing the negative impact on ecosystems. The dynamics of total emissions into the atmosphere by households in a number of European countries is determined and the main reasons for such changes are indicated. A systematic analysis of the indicators that characterize the volume of fresh surface and groundwater intake per capita is carried out and the depth of the water crisis in the EU countries is determined. The article analyses the level of waste disposal and recommends the most effective waste management technologies, and studies the dynamics of changes in the area of protected forests in Europe to identify the tree species that are the best cleaners of the air. The size of compensatory contributions of countries under global climate commitments and indicators of total environmental transfers for environmental protection activities are researched. An integrated approach is used to determine the real impact of various types of economic activity of European countries on the environment. It is recommended to study and implement the experience of European market economies regarding the conceptual principles of balanced environmental management in Ukraine.

Forms and methods of tax control of the application of corporate income tax preferences

The control of the tax authorities over the correctness of the application of tax benefits and preferences aimed at supporting and stimulating various types of economic activity has a goal to put a barrier to possible abuses and fraud. In the process of implementing tax policy, attention should be paid to the analysis of the practice of applying and administering tax preferences established by tax legislation. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to determine the forms and methods of tax control for corporate income tax, within which the legality of the application of tax preferences is checked. The subject of the study is the tax control of the application of income tax preferences at the present stage of socio-economic development, as well as the transformation of forms and methods of tax control in the context of digitalization of the economy. The methodological basis of the study is the methodology of the system paradigm, the logical-epistemological method of cognition, the unity of structural and functional analysis of the problem. The methodological basis of the research is the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the relationship between the general and the special, the dialectical and hypothetical research method, scientific abstraction and forecasting, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result of the study, the methodology for conducting an on-site tax audit on income tax was determined, within the framework of which tax control measures are carried out to prevent abuse of preferences for this tax. The most popular trend of tax control is also identified - the digitalization of the work of tax authorities, which can lead to an increase in the number of tax revenues. In addition, in order to increase the effectiveness of tax control over the application of corporate income tax preferences, this article presents proposals regarding the rational and optimal management of income tax preferences, among which, for example, it is proposed to study the possibility of replacing some preferences with direct subsidies, which are subject to the budget control procedure, for budgetary transparency.

State of general and occupational health of the population in the global burden of disease in Ukraine and the world

STATE OF GENERAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF THE POPULATION IN THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD Antonina M. Nagorna State Institution «Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Health of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Saksaganskoho Str., 75, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine Introduction. Health is an integral indicator of the success of society's development; its assessment is difficult due to the diversity of its characteristics and is most often carried out by indicators of "illness", such as morbidity, disability, mortality, life expectancy, loss of years of healthy life, etc. Occupational health reflects socio-economic changes, quality of life and working conditions of the population. Occupational diseases, accidents and sudden death cases at the workplace remain the main cause of mortality, morbidity, deterioration of the quality of life of workers and are components of the Global burden of disease for society. Aim: to find out for what reasons people of working age all over the world and in Ukraine get sick, lose their ability to work, become disabled and then die. Materials and methods. Data obtained during the implementation of the "Global Burden of Disease" Project, conducted under the auspices of the United Nations together with the World Bank, the Lancet magazine, the American Institute for Health Measurement and Evaluation (IHME) and the University of Washington, were used for the analysis. In addition, an analysis of the occupational health of workers was carried out using the method of continuous sampling in Ukraine according to indicators of occupational morbidity, occupational injuries, and cases of sudden death at the workplace. A comparative assessment of life expectancy and healthy life expectancy was carried out. Materials for the years 1990 to 2019 were analyzed, before the start of the Covid-19 pandemic and the beginning of the full-scale Russian war against Ukraine. The results. A trend towards a decrease in occupational morbidity, industrial injuries, and an increase in cases of sudden death at the workplace among workers engaged in various types of economic activity has been revealed. Lower indicators of life expectancy at birth and healthy life expectancy by WHO regions and at the global level were determined in Ukraine. Conclusion. General and professional health make a significant contribution to the global burden of diseases in Ukraine, although long-term dynamic observation shows that official statistics does not reflect their real level and requires improvement of regulatory and legal regulation, development of modern information technologies for the detection, registration, accounting and analysis of occupational diseases, accidents at workplace and sudden death cases closer to EU criteria. Keywords: Global burden of disease, occupational health, life expectancy.

Construction and development of corporate knowledge in modern conditions

The study deals with issues related to the construction and development of corporate knowledge in modern conditions caused by transformational processes in the socio-economic sphere of Ukraine conditioned by the war and other challenges that stimulate the need for new knowledge. The need for rapid response to these requests actualises in theoretical and applied terms the definition of the subject segment of new knowledge and its use. The purpose of the study is to highlight the features of construction and the necessity of developing corporate knowledge in modern conditions. To achieve this goal, the study uses the following methods: analysis, synthesis, system method, combinational grouping, modelling, and statistical method. As a result of the study, the need for new corporate knowledge is generalised and the following main groups are identified: knowledge on reorientation of the labour market through war; on security activities; related to mental health and emotional stability; related to the skills of psychological adaptation and flexibility in war conditions; knowledge on the strategy of change, and their characteristics are given. It is proved that new corporate knowledge acquired during the war changes the labour market and reorients the current business processes, social processes, communication and worldview processes in various types of economic activity, which requires a revision of the principles of corporate knowledge construction. As a result of the research, a model of the life cycle of corporate knowledge management was created, the use of which will increase the efficiency of knowledge exchange and the use of intellectual resources, and the process of constructing corporate knowledge based on the factor of intellectual culture was proposed. The conclusions obtained from the results of the study are of applied value and can be useful for representatives of business, the public sector, educational and scientific institutions in developing strategies for change and development and forecasting trends in order to improve and update the corporate knowledge base

FEATURES OF THE MANAGEMENT OF CRITICAL IMPORT GOODS UNDER THE CONDITIONS UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The paper studies the peculiarities of managing goods of critical import in the conditions of martial law. It was determined that under critical import we propose to understand the import into the country for internal consumption of those goods that are significant for the functioning and development of the national economy, the import substitution of which in a certain period of time is impossible or insufficient to ensure the strengthening of the national economy in crisis conditions. It has been established that the organization of critical imports under martial law allows the state to effectively manage the production of products that are necessary for the domestic market and support production enterprises that are dependent on imported raw materials. It has been found that the concept of critical import is currently absent at the legislative level, and customs clearance of goods of critical import takes place on the basis of a sub-legal act - Resolution of the CMU No. 153 of 24.02.2022 "On the list of goods of critical import". It was established that in accordance with legislative innovations, the list of critical import goods was actually canceled in July 2022, but the list of critical import services still remains valid. Based on the conducted research, it was established that the expected demand for consumer and investment goods remains very low in the medium term, which in turn will complicate the recovery of imports. We recommend the implementation of the following main measures to regulate foreign economic activity in the conditions of martial law: the introduction of a full embargo on the import of goods from the aggressor country; simplification of the licensing procedure of various types of economic activity; making changes to the list of goods, the export of which is subject to licensing, for the purpose of more effective control and regulation; reforming customs clearance to facilitate the process of importing goods into the country; the introduction of currency control, which regulates the terms of settlements in foreign economic activity; making changes to the list of goods recognized as critical imports, taking into account modern conditions and needs of the economy. On the basis of the conducted research, we consider it necessary to implement the following measures to restore foreign economic activity due to the conditions of martial law: implement the elimination of import duties on raw materials necessary for the production of Ukrainian goods, along with the implementation of simplification of customs control procedures for these goods; expansion of the list of critical import goods; to ensure the possibility of exporting surplus products by rail, etc.

Wildlife and cultural landscapes continuum of European Russia in world heritage preservation

Unique Russian natural territories of outstanding global importance and included in the UNESCO World Heritage List are the subject of national pride of Russia. The purpose of the study is to show the objects of natural and cultural heritage of the European part of Russia in the context of a geoecological analysis of the possibilities and potential of nature-oriented tourism. To do this, calculations were made and mapping of the areas of the most probable anthropogenic penetration and mapping of various forms of conducting various types of economic activity was carried out by calculating and showing the buffer zone, the focus of anthropogenic influence for the entire territory of Russia. Calculations were made for the federal districts, which are the macro level of the administrative division of the Russian Federation. To calculate the area of wild nature, integral areas with minimal anthropogenic impact were allocated. It was accepted that the minimum area undisturbed by economic impact is taken to be plots with an area of at least 50 thousand hectares (500 sq. km). It has been established that in the North of the European part of Russia, large intact areas of wild nature have been preserved, which are the most important areas for the conservation of natural landscapes and the maintenance of biosphere services. It is stated that the actual contribution of the Russian Federation to the global conservation of the natural environment is very promising and important for the large-scale development of nature-oriented tourism in the country.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC SUPPORT OF TOURISM AND HOTEL ENTERPRISES ACTIVITIES

In the article, organizational and economic support of tourism and hotel enterprises activities has been developed based on the construction of an effective mechanism capable of solving problems of an institutional, organizational and economic nature. The authors have found out that the development of tourism has a huge impact on the socio-economic state of the country and the level of the quality of life of the population, therefore the formation of organizational and economic support for the activities of tourism and hotel enterprises is of primary importance since the tourism industry is an interdisciplinary complex that is part of the tourism sphere and unites various types of economic activity from material production to the non-material sphere, which are the material basis of tourism, the basis for personnel training, production management organization, and tourism product sales. It has been stressed that tourism enterprises are business entities of a specific nature, which have certain features both from the point of view of production organization and their socio-economic efficiency.It has been found out that hospitality enterprises must form and implement existing service strategies in order to meet specific and rapidly changing needs of the market in which they have chosen a certain segment for themselves since, in conditions of a high level of bankruptcies, only those business entities that are able to think strategically and adapt to changes in the external environment can achieve success.An integrated approach to the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of tourism and hotel management is proposed. The functional relationship of the totality of the main factors that determine the state of the financial and economic activity of tourism and hotel enterprises is determined. It is indicated that the economic efficiency of the activities of tourism and hotel industry enterprises is achieved through a balanced personnel management system. A model for monitoring the development of personnel is suggested. The use of this model allows for controlling and managing the course of the process. It has been concluded that today when doing business in the field of tourism, it is necessary to clearly take into account external and internal factors influencing the activities of economic entities and improve the personnel management system since the level of satisfaction of consumers of tourism and hotel services depends on the personnel's professional abilities.

FEATURES OF THE USE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-PRECISION GPS DEVICES IN FORESTRY

Forestry institutions are currently gradually introducing GIS technologies. With the use of GIS technology and digital data processing, Kazakh Forestry Enterprise is doing a lot of work to collect data on the First Forest Fund, on the accounting of districts, etc., transfer the collected data to institutions, commissioning.At the same time, electronic media are replacing the old paper tablets. Geographic information systems (GIS) are a key element of the effective and operational solution of many scientific, practical and managerial tasks due to the visual presentation of data and a variety of tools for their analysis. The use of GIS technologies makes it possible to combine into a single structure a large volume of cartographic and thematic information, including remote sensing data (satellite images), field research, engineering research, monitoring, various types of economic activities, document management. Statistics showed that when using 2 base receivers and one mobile GPS 5700, even dense coniferous forest, you can get acceptable shooting results. The GPS equipment worked flawlessly. Terra Center for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems LLP has extensive experience in collecting and systematizing data to solve various problems in the field of GIS creation, environmental design, forestry, ecology, nature management, geological exploration, topography and cartography, and oil and gas complex design. Terra Center for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems LLP makes extensive use of geographic information technologies in its work and provides services in this area. The calculation of the area of each site, the calculation of the area of the length of rivers, roads is carried out by computer programs. This improves the quality and accuracy of work. Also, this program has the ability to work with other programs, for example: MS Excel, MS Access, ArcGIS, WinPLP, SoliM, etc. to solve professional tasks in tabular form through packages with Crystal Reports.

Legal status of national minorities on the Ukrainian territory in the 19th century

The peculiarities of the formation and development of legal status of national minorities, who were on Ukrainian territory during the studied period and were engaged in various types of economic activity, as well as the influence of the general imperial and local legislation on certain aspects of the life of national minorities, have been investigated.
 The regulatory and legislative acts that determined the legal status of various national communities have been analyzed. The conditions and circumstances under which the process of forming the legal status of national minorities on the territory of Ukraine took place during the 19th century have been shown in general terms. Changes in imperial legislation have been demonstrated depending on the attitude of the current government to certain events in the empire, which ranged from providing comprehensive assistance and support to a restrained attitude, and sometimes to open persecution, introduction of economic restrictions, confiscation of granted lands, etc. This was the case with representatives of the Jewish, German and Polish national minorities.
 Particular attention has been paid to such legislative documents of various levels as the Regulations on the settlement of Jews, the Regulations on Jews, the Instruction of the Office of Guardianship of Novorossiysk foreign settlers, the Statute on foreign colonies in the empire, the Laws “On the lease of landed property to foreigners for up to 36 years”, “On restricting the right of Catholic peasants to acquire land property in nine Western provinces”, “On the analysis of the gentry in the Western provinces and on the arrangement of this kind of people”, Regulations on the Main Department of Colonists of the Southern Territory, etc. It has been shown that the imperial power fully supported the actions aimed at the gradual assimilation and Russification of national communities, increased social tension, thereby weakening the tendency of the formation of national political forces.

PROCESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE BUSINESS-ORIENTED MODEL OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

The article examines the business processes of modern entrepreneurship. Based on the content analysis of approaches to their definition, management of their implementation, description in various spheres of economic activity, the need for automation and optimization, a conceptual pattern of business processes is proposed. According to the concept, the input and output criteria of business processes, their structure and sequence of operations and the interaction of units depending on the field of activity are chosen. Fact-checking of statistical information on the share of various types of economic activity in the formation of the gross domestic product was carried out, which allows us to determine their socio-economic significance and highlight the basis for the formation of the structure of business processes. Information on the results of a survey on the state and needs of business in wartime conditions is presented, ways of adapting entrepreneurship to the challenges of wartime and preserving and developing business are considered. The importance of the business team in achieving strategic and tactical goals is highlighted. The criteria by which the business team is evaluated are highlighted. , among them: responsibility for the quality of execution, distribution of areas of responsibility, highquality interaction, speed of adaptation of internal capabilities to external challenges, business climate of the external environment. It was established that the process-oriented model requires the presence of interconnected actions, the implementation of which ensures the achievement of the final result. To ensure business effectiveness, an appropriate algorithm for the implementation of actions and procedures is selected based on the structuring of business processes. The need to introduce a process approach in the management of a business entity and individual processes of its activity, where one of the tools is the selection of their management systems, is proven. The cause-and-effect relationship between the structure of business processes and the choice of an appropriate system for managing them and resources and influencing factors according to the Ishikawa diagram is determined, which will prevent risks and the occurrence of undesirable causes that prevent the achievement of business goals. The evolution of management and information technologies is considered, the stages of functionality of business process management systems in which business functions are automated are given. The characteristics of the MRP, MRP II, ERP, ERP II systems and their effectiveness for managing the processes of the business entity are given. Trends in the development of ERP systems related to the improvement of resource planning, inventory and production process management modules and the introduction of supply chain management and customer relationship management modules are highlighted. The introduction of digital technologies into the business processes of business entities allows the business to adapt to the uncertain conditions of the external environment.

Personnel potential of agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan: assessment of the current situation

Relevance – human resource potential of the country is integral part of resource reserves and has impact on socio-economic development of the States and regions. The main goal of the country's economic and personnel policy is to improve quality of personnel in all sectors of economy, including agricultural sector. The goal is to consider the problems of personnel provision in AIC by applying methodological and scientific approaches. Objectives – determination of factors affecting the level and quality of training of agricultural specialists; development of proposals for the formation of qualified and competitive personnel in the countryside. Methods – analysis and synthesis, absolute and relative indicators, abstract-logical, economic-statistical. The empirical basis of the study is the data of the Department of Statistics of the Eurasian Economic Commission, Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as scientific publications on this topic. Results – in the course of the study, analysis was made of the ratio of urban and rural residents for 2017-2021, the number of employed people, average monthly wage for various types of economic activity. Based on a questionnaire survey, reasons for the unwillingness of young people to work in rural areas were identified, and a list of professions and specialties that will be in demand in the future is given. Conclusions – for the development and improvement of personnel planning in agricultural sector, it is necessary to raise the prestige of rural professions; create monitoring and management system for experienced competent workers of agro-industrial complex.

Assessment of environmental pollution by lead and its impact on the child's body (using the example of the Callao region in Peru)

In the presented work, based on the existing information in abstract sources, as well as freely available statistical material collected by the Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Occupational Health Monitoring of the Callao region in Peru, the actual problem of lead pollution on a global scale is outlined, and ways to solve it are shown on the example of Peru, a country that is one of the leaders extraction of this metal. The analysis of the degree of pollution and the impact of lead on the environment, the assessment of the levels of lead in the blood of children living in the Callao district and the associated negative impact of lead pollution on the child's body was carried out. The article shows that in children, the earliest manifestations of lead exposure occur even at a blood level of only 10.0 micrograms/dl, while in Callao, lead levels in children's bodies are higher than this value. Levels from 50 to 60 mg/dl of lead are recorded here, while the maximum value in children under the age of 12 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) should not exceed 10 mg/dl. It is shown that a high proportion of children with elevated levels of lead in the blood is associated with the presence of industrial centers specializing in the melting of metals and the disposal of lead. The direction of winds, mainly from south to north and from southwest to northeast, could explain the higher proportion of children with elevated lead levels among residents of areas located in the north and northeast. As a result of data analysis, it was revealed that the control value less than 10 micrograms/dl, used as a threshold, is insufficient to preserve the health of the population. In addition, the article discusses possible ways to reduce pollution: through the implementation of programs for monitoring and assessing the environmental quality of the environment by companies engaged in the extraction of lead minerals. It is also necessary to comply with national environmental quality standards for lead content. Guidelines for various types of economic activities leading to the reduction of environmental pollution are proposed.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the functioning of entrepreneurship institutes with fundamentally new tasks in the conditions of European integration of Ukraine and to develop conceptual proposals for supporting and improving the development of entrepreneurship in Ukraine in the conditions of European integration. Methodology. In the process of solving the tasks of scientific research, general scientific and special research methods were applied: descriptive-analytical method, systematic approach, method of analysis and synthesis, method of systematization, graphic method, method of dynamic series and structural analysis, method of cost analysis, method of comparison, method of average points evaluations, the method of scientific generalization. The results. Today, the development of entrepreneurship is one of the most important factors in the socio-economic growth of Ukraine. The effective development of entrepreneurship creates a competitive environment for business entities of various types of economic activity for the development of which there are favorable conditions and a sufficient scale of resource potential, the interest of foreign and domestic investors. At the same time, the successful activity of entrepreneurship solves a number of important tasks, in particular, contributes to the replenishment of the budget, saturation of the consumer market with goods and services, creates new jobs, increases the employment of the population, while reducing the unemployment rate. Practical implications. The process from the beginning of entrepreneurial activity to its termination is related to decision-making. The desire to open one's own business, as a rule, is accompanied by the hope of the future entrepreneur to succeed, while the factors of the external environment play a key role, influencing the future entrepreneur's decision. Over time, the result of the action of these factors, combined with the results of the action of the factors of the internal environment, may lead to the entrepreneur's decision to stop entrepreneurial activity due to the fact that his expectations were not met. In addition, one of the most important problems of managing a small enterprise is the lack of specialists in certain specialties, for example, marketers, financiers, programmers, etc. This is due to the fact that small businesses often cannot afford to keep such specialists. Outsourcing can be a rational way out of this situation. At the same time, the choice of the country's economic development strategy significantly affects the development of enterprises. Based on the global practice of the production sphere, a smart strategy makes it possible to create a "flexible" high-tech industrial production, where business can easily adapt, in addition, this approach will lead to sustainable economic growth, which is able to provide and promptly respond to any challenges of the globalized world economy. Today, European integration opens up great opportunities for domestic enterprises to expand foreign economic activity. When determining one or another vector of foreign policy, domestic enterprises need to assess the prospects of other global competitors. Value/originality. Stimulating the development of entrepreneurship reduces the problems of their functioning and ensures rapid integration into the European Community and highly developed economies of the EU countries. A reduction in the tax burden on small business entities is possible due to the reduction of total payroll charges, the introduction of lower income tax rates, and the exemption of small business entities from paying income tax during the first years of existence. Also, an important element of the state support system for small businesses is information and consulting services, within the framework of which assistance should be provided with problems of the formation and functioning of small enterprises.

Physiology of labor activity in the works of Yu.V. Moikin

In the works of Yu.V. Moikin, the system of fatigue, overwork, overstrain creation under local and other types of muscle loads is presented. Fatigue genesis theory advanced and developed by Yu.V. Moikin, is based on the results of physiological reactions at various levels of neuromuscular apparatus study (working muscle, spinal cord segmental apparatus, subcortical nuclei, cerebral cortex). Functional state physiological specificities were investigated, informative dynamometric indicators, dynamometric indicators, as well as fatigue level assessment electromyographic criteria were determined. Yu.V. Moikin and his disciples showed the magnitude of muscle tension important significance, as maximum arbitrary force (MAF) percentage of given muscle or muscle group. Numerous professions of physical labor workers physiological assessment allowed to establish that the number of movements is determinant for dynamic work and retained effort total time - for static work. In accordance with Yu.V. Moikin basic theoretical provisions there was scientifically substantiated and developed recreational activities complex for employees of various types of economic activity.