Various Types Of Disasters Research Articles

Remote Sensing Building Damage Assessment Based on Machine Learning

Abstract After the occurrence of various types of disasters, including natural disasters and man-made damage, aid workers need accurate and timely data, such as the damage status of buildings, in order to take effective measures for rescue. So as to solve this problem, this paper researches and designs a building damage classification system based on machine learning. The damage assessment system consists of two network models (building extraction network and damage classification network). This article analyzes and designs the structure of each network model, and discusses the principles related to computer vision in machine learning. Buildings in satellite images are segmented through Siamese Convolutional Neural Network, the BottleNeck Module and Feature Pyramid Network are used in the damage classification assessment network to detect damage to buildings in sub-temporal remote sensing images. Subsequently, the model was trained and tested on different disaster events on the xBD dataset. The results show that the building damage detection system based on Siamese-CNN achieves good detection accuracy, and the system has the advantages of simple operation, good timeliness and low resource consumption, and can well meet the needs of disaster assessment.

Book Review: Disaster Risk

The book "Disaster Risk: A Comprehensive Overview" provides a comprehensive view of disaster risk, covering scientific, social and policy perspectives. The author analyzes the factors that influence vulnerability to disasters as well as effective mitigation strategies. This book discusses definitions, basic concepts, history of disaster risk management, various types of disasters, and the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and collaboration between various parties. This book also reviews international policies and provides recommendations for the integration of disaster risk management in sustainable development planning.

Risk assessment of disaster chain in multi-seam mining beneath gully topography

Mining-induced geological disasters in gully landforms exhibit distinct characteristics of disaster transformation, with various types of disasters often displaying temporal and spatial chain reactions. The research on the risk assessment of disaster chains in multi-seam mining beneath gully topography is still in its nascent stage. The research area, characterized by its multi-seam mining and gully landforms, has been confronting significant natural and anthropogenic environmental issues within the region. Mining subsidence and mining landslides represent critical disasters in this area. Consequently, this study quantified the degree of disturbance caused by multi-seam mining, considering it as a factor influencing subsidence, which was incorporated into the classification analysis of mining subsidence intensity alongside geological factors and distance from geological structures. A random forest (RF) model was employed to generate a subsidence hazard mapping, and the outcomes of subsidence hazard mapping were utilized as one of the triggering factor parameters for landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). Simultaneously, a rainfall-runoff layer was introduced to convert the non-uniformity of rainfall, which is challenging to consider in small research areas, into the non-uniformity of runoff, which is used in the LSM together with elevation, slope, aspect, and landcover. The resultant map corresponded with the field investigation results, validating its added value. Moreover, the formation mechanism and risk analysis of the multi-disaster chain, specifically the “subsidence-landslide-barrier lake” in the research area were investigated. The findings indicate that the gully terrain provides a natural advantage for the occurrence of disasters, and rainfall and multi-seam mining exacerbate the vulnerability of the regional geological environment, fostering a complex and protracted disaster chain within the gully area. Lastly, a comprehensive assessment of multi-disaster risks was conducted, and corresponding mitigation measures and recommendations were proposed for various risk stages.

Analisis Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat dalam Menghadapi Bencana di Desa Cikunir, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat 2023

Disaster is an event or series of events that threaten and disrupt the lives and livelihoods of communities, caused by natural and/or non-natural factors as well as human factors, resulting in loss of human lives, environmental damage, property loss, and psychological impact. The aim of this research is to assess the readiness of the community in Cikunir Village, Tasikmalaya Regency, regarding disasters. This research uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The findings conclude that the community in Cikunir Village is not prepared for the possibility of various disasters, whether natural or non-natural. Therefore, efforts should be made to enhance community preparedness. Recommendations for this research include increasing public awareness through more intensive educational campaigns, addressing various types of disasters, early warning signs, and potential impacts. Local government should ensure the availability of information through various channels, involve community leaders, and develop effective outreach strategies. Keywords: Preparedness, disaster, vulnerability

Memory-aware continual learning with multi-modal social media streams for unsupervised disaster classification

Social media has emerged as a major hub for information dissemination during disasters. It serves as a central repository for massive real-time updates about disasters, facilitating the organization of humanitarian assistance. Disaster types classification, which identifies and categorizes various types of disasters on social media, has become a fundamental technique for rapid disaster response. However, current disaster classification methods suffer from the following two shortcomings: (1) They rely on manual annotation to train the models, which is expensive and time-consuming in rapidly updating social media; (2) During the disaster, reports on social media are progressively enriched from initial text to multi-modal mix containing image, audio, and video. Existing methods cannot handle these incremental multi-modal data. To address these challenges, we propose a Memory-aware Continual Learning (MaCL) method, which accomplishes unsupervised disaster classification by flexibly handling the multi-modal streams on social media in a continual learning manner. First, a modal-shared contrastive encoder is constructed to mine the correlation information among the textual and visual modalities on social media. We theoretically demonstrate that mining correlation information is approximately equivalent to preserving predictive information in the original data. Then, we design a Correlation Memory Bank (CMB) to store the features of current modalities. As new modalities emerge, the correlation information between the new modality and its global neighbors in the CMB is maximized. This strategy enables the correlation information to guide the classification of the newly arrived modalities. Finally, the new correlation information generated by the CMB continuously updates and accumulates, leading to improve disaster classification performance across all modalities. Extensive experiments on seven real-world datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed MaCL.

Об ойратских текстах из рукописного сборника БМ-574 из коллекции П. Б. Балданжапова

Introduction. The collection of Oirat manuscripts by the famous Buryat scientist P. B. Baldanzhapov presents samples of Oirat texts collected by him during expeditions to Mongolia in the 1960s–1970s. Among these texts, along with hymns, praises of the deities of the Buddhist pantheon, sutras, fortune-telling books, descriptions of incense rituals, dharani texts (tarni) and texts against slander are presented. The purpose of the article is to present a description of the handwritten collection BM 574 in the Oirat language from the collection of P. B. Baldanzhapov, stored in the collections of the Central Historical Research Center of the IMBT SB RAS. Materials. The collection in question includes two texts: Xutuqtu biligiyin cāna kürüqsen tabün yoümiyin xürāngγüyin züreken kemēkü (“Holy [dharani], called ‘The Heart (Essence) of the Assembly of Five Mothers Who Have Achieved Transcendent Wisdom‘”) and Xutuqtu xara ama kele amurli ülün üyiledüqči kemēkü yeke külgüni sudur (“The Holy Mahayana Sutra, called “Pacifying Slander”). Results. Based on the analysis of the texts of the collection under consideration, their transliteration and translation into Russian in comparison with a number of published texts similar in topic, it was concluded that these texts are evidence of the existence of the Buddhist tradition among the Mongolian peoples, allowing one to get an idea of the thematic diversity of texts that have been circulating among believers. The texts considered shed light on the ritual side of Buddhist practice, aimed at eliminating various types of disasters and negative phenomena in the daily life of believers.

A Deep Parallel Hybrid Fusion Model for disaster tweet classification on Twitter data

Disaster tweet classification has gained significant attention in natural language processing (NLP) due to its potential to aid disaster response and emergency management. The goal of disaster tweet classification is to automate the identification of informative tweets containing information related to various types of disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, wildfires, and more. This classification task plays a crucial role in real-time monitoring, situational awareness, and timely response coordination during emergency situations. In this context, we propose a Deep Parallel Hybrid Fusion Model (DPHFM) that combines features from Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) as base learners. The features extracted from these base learners are combined using a fusion mechanism and then reconstructed for input to a meta-learner for making predictions. The DPHFM is trained on disaster datasets, such as crisisMMD, which consists of seven natural disaster events. The model underwent thorough evaluation using various metrics, demonstrating an average performance improvement of 90% to 96%. Furthermore, the proposed model’s performance surpassed that of other state-of-the-art models, showcasing its potential for disaster tweet classification using deep learning techniques.

The Application Of Parachute Goods As An Alternative Logistics Distribution To Help Victims Of Natural Disasters In Isolated Areas

Facing the complexity of logistics distribution related to natural disasters in Indonesia, a geographically vulnerable country to various types of disasters, especially in isolated areas, requires an efficient and effective solution. One solution being explored is the implementation of cargo parachutes as an alternative logistics distribution to enhance the resilience of communities in those areas. This research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the potential and challenges of using cargo parachutes in the context of logistics distribution in Indonesia. Through a literature review conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study explores information regarding the advantages, challenges, and practical implications of implementing cargo parachutes. It was found that the use of cargo parachutes offers a quick and responsive solution in distributing logistics aid in isolated areas, often difficult to reach by conventional land transportation. The main advantage of implementing cargo parachutes is their ability to provide faster response times in logistics distribution. In the context of natural disasters, speed is crucial to ensure that aid arrives promptly where it is needed. Cargo parachutes can also improve the accessibility of aid, especially in isolated areas that may be challenging to reach conventionally. However, this study also identifies several challenges that need to be addressed. Landing accuracy is a critical issue, especially with weather variability, wind direction, and the topography of the area. Additionally, safety aspects, operational costs, and coordination among various stakeholders are challenges that must be overcome to ensure the success of cargo parachute implementation. Practical recommendations emerging from this research involve the use of monitoring technology, training for personnel involved in logistics distribution using cargo parachutes, and the development of clear Emergency Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). Monitoring technology, such as GPS, can help improve landing accuracy, while personnel training and emergency SOPs can enhance operational effectiveness and safety.

Review of Power System Resilience Concept, Assessment, and Enhancement Measures

Power systems are generally designed to be reliable when faced with low-impact, high-probability, and expected power outages. By contrast, the probability of extreme event (extreme weather or natural disasters) occurrence is low, but may seriously affect the power system, from long outage times to damage to major equipment such as substations, transmission lines, and power plants. As, in the short term, it is extremely difficult to completely avoid the damage caused by extreme events, it is important to enhance the resilience of power systems. This study has provided a comprehensive review of power system resilience by discussing its concepts, assessment, and enhancement measures. This article summarized possible impacts and quantitative indicators of various types of disasters on power grids, presented the concept of power system resilience, and analyzed the main characteristics that a resilient system should possess. Moreover, this article further distinguished the differences between the resilience, flexibility, and survivability of a power system. More importantly, this paper has proposed a novel framework and the corresponding metric for assessing resilience, which makes the evaluation of system resilience more accurate. Finally, this paper discussed various measures to enhance power system resilience and outlined potential challenges for future research.

Post-quake call for action: developing core competencies matrix for Syrian health workers in emergency time

BackgroundThe recent earthquake in Syria has caused widespread devastation, leading to extensive damage and loss of life. Considering the diverse range of disasters and conflicts that have affected Syrian society, health workers must possess essential competencies to effectively manage various types of disasters, including earthquakes. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify the specific competencies required by Syrian health workers to respond efficiently and effectively to earthquakes.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted at the Medical Education Program MEP of the Syrian Virtual University SVU. Nine members of the research team of the MEP, who represent various health specializations in medicine, dentistry, nursing, and pharmacy, accepted to take part in this study. Among these, three members have been actively involved in providing health care in hospitals and the field during the Syrian earthquake on 6 February 2023. The Delphi process was adopted to identify competencies. Health workers involved in earthquake response were categorized into nine groups including medical doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, psychological support professionals, medical students, allied healthcare professionals, on-site disaster teams, and managers. The final list was accepted if it achieved more than 80% agreement among the participants in the first, second, and final rounds.ResultsThe study identified 74 competencies (12 knowledge items, 35 skills, and 27 attitudes) essential for health workers to respond effectively to earthquakes. They are categorized into five domains: "Preparing the team for the rescue process during and, after earthquakes, Implementation of the rescue process, Education and psychological support, Research, and development".ConclusionA list of earthquake competencies was identified for health workers. It is hoped that this list will enhance a country’s resilience and will enable decision–makers to support health workers in acquiring these competencies within a very strained health system in Syria and other countries.

ETHICAL RULES AND FEATURES OF FIRST AID PROCEDURE FOR VICTIMS BY RESCUE SERVICE FORCES AND DOCTORS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

According to the United Nations, during the last 20 years, about 3 million people died in the world as a result of natural disasters, and almost 1 billion experienced the harmful effects of natural disasters. Currently, apart from natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, landslides, etc.), numerous hazards emerge from human activity, potentially triggering emergency situations. The simultaneous occurrence of mass sanitary losses in various types of disasters requires the implementation of emergency medical measures by medical professionals, while the general population should be capable of providing basic medical assistance. At a certain historical stage of human development, social upheavals such as wars and epidemics joined natural phenomena. Natural disasters, major industrial accidents, and transportation catastrophes are common and frequent occurrences. From the multitude of natural disasters and major technological catastrophes, notable events include: the Chernobyl nuclear accident (1984), the earthquake in Armenia (1988), a railway disaster with an explosion on a gas pipeline in Bashkiria (1989), an explosion in an underground passage in Moscow (2000), an explosion at Domodedovo Airport (2012), the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), an explosion at a warehouse with ammonium nitrate in the port of Beirut (2020), an earthquake in Turkey (2023), and so on. The number of disasters worldwide shows no tendency to decrease, just like the number of terrorist threats. Understanding the rules of ethics, procedures, and methods of providing first aid to the injured in extreme situations are essential for specialist physicians, rescue services, and the general civilian population.

Sustainability of Knowledge and practice regarding disasters among people living in flood-prone areas of Nepal

The main objective of this study is to examine the sustainability of knowledge and practice regarding disasters among people living in flood-prone areas of Nepal. Data for this survey were collected through a cross-sectional research design using a quantitative method. CARE Nepal and Handicap International implemented a community-based disaster risk reduction VISTAR project in Nepal’s Kailali, Dadeldhura, Kanchanpur, and Dang districts. The study used the baseline, end-line, and mainly post-project sustainability (PPS) survey data for detailed analysis. The study was conducted in four rural municipalities/municipalities of the Sudurpashchim Province. Univariate, Bivariate, and multivariate analyses (binary logistic regression) were applied to examine the sustainability of knowledge and practice regarding disasters among people living in flood prone areas of Nepal. It was observed that slightly over two-thirds of the respondents (67.5%) were female, while nearly one-third (32.5%) of them were male. More than one-fourth (27.5%) of the respondents were from the 25-34 age group, followed by one-fourth (25.1%) from the 35-44 age group. Knowledge of various types of disasters had increased for all types in the end-line (24.5 in the baseline to 32.9 in the end line) and showed sustainability in the PPS study (44.08) on average. Only less than a fourth (24%) of respondents reported the Household (HH) level plan requirement to mitigate the effect of disaster. Multivariate analysis found that respondents whose caste/ethnicity was Dalit (aOR= 1.3, 95% CI=0.7 2.23) and Janjati (aOR= 1.37, 95% CI=0.7 – 2.67) were more likely to know about the requirement of the HH level plan to mitigate the effect of a disaster than Brahmin/Chettri. Likewise, respondents whose primary source of income was small business/service were 3 times (aOR= 3.58, 95% CI= 1.46- 8.81) more likely to know about the requirement of the HH level plan to, mitigate the effect of a disaster than those whose source of income was agriculture. Knowledge of the type of disaster and the need for a household-level plan to mitigate disaster is very low. Thus, programs that advocate the importance of following disaster mitigation measures at the community and household level should be targeted to motivate people to be self-equipped to tackle possible disaster incidents.

A phenomenological study on women's disaster experience in Türkiye

The number and severity of disasters are rising globally, with negative effects on the physical, social, and economic spheres. According to research, men and women experience disasters differently around the world and have different coping mechanisms. With their backgrounds in disaster relief and high levels of cognitive awareness, women are recognized as strong actors. The issues that women in Turkey face during disasters must be identified in this context and proposals for effective solutions must be developed. Research is scarce, despite the literature's importance accorded to disaster and women's studies. To examine in depth the disaster experiences and lessons learned of women who faced various types of disasters (earthquake, flood, landslide, fire, epidemic, drought, and terrorist attack), nineteen women were interviewed in a virtual setting. A qualitative research method called phenomenological design was employed in the study. With the help of the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative analysis program, the research's data were analyzed. The analyses have shown that women are ill-prepared for disasters, consider disaster early warnings, have difficulty and security issues in accessing basic needs after disasters, have incorrect information about disasters and are willing to participate in disaster education, encounter social problems, and want to participate in decision-making mechanisms, and they acquire correct behavior skills after their first reflex behaviors. In order to ensure gender equality and address issues with integrated disaster management, the administration can follow the significant findings of the research. In study contributes to the field of disaster research by analyzing the experiences of women in disasters, particularly what makes them vulnerable to disasters, the impact of gender roles in disasters, their behaviors and experiences at the time of the disaster, and the actions taken to turn learned lessons into behavior.

Improving the Effectiveness of Disaster Mitigation in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia Using House of Risk Method

Wonogiri Regency, the Republic of Indonesia, is an area that has potential to be affected by various types of disasters. This study aims to identify the types of disaster potentials in the Wonogiri Regency and to provide recommendations for effective disaster mitigation strategies that can be effectively implemented by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah or BPBD in short) of the Wonogiri Regency during 2021-2026 time period by using the House of Risk (HoR) method. The study found that floods, landslides, strong winds, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, forest and land fires, droughts, and extraordinary events are likely to take place in the regency. The implementation of the HoR phase 1 yields 19 disaster risk events and 19 disaster risk agents. The use of Pareto diagram to the disaster risk agents results in 8 dominant risk agents of disaster, namely “Unstable ground”; “The trees are too old and fragile”; “The trees are too dense”; Lack of water resources”; Heavy rain intensity”; “Struck by disaster materials”; “Epidemic of a disease”; and “The building construction is not strong”. The implementation of the HoR phase 2 produces 15 mitigation strategies along with their priority order in which the 5 mitigation strategies with the highest priority are “Working with related parties to reduce the potential of disasters”; “Conducting socialization and education of disasters”; “Establishing disaster-resilient villages”; “Mapping disaster-prone areas”; and “Training for disaster volunteers”.

A Geospatial Donation Platform for COVID-19 and Beyond, Leveraging Location – Based Services and Geofencing

The current global scenario is characterized by epidemics and various types of disasters, severely impacting communities' health, living conditions, and economic stability. Especially during such crises, the requirement for essential necessities becomes critical. Existing solution guidelines involve receiving donated items from public agencies through an offline system to provide assistance to victims. However, this implementation faces several limitations, such as a lack of understanding of people's needs in specific areas, leading to mismatches between assistance and actual requirements. Additionally, donators lack adequate information, resulting in further discrepancies between donated items and the victims' genuine needs. The available geospatial platforms primarily support surveillance and monitoring of epidemic or disaster situations but fail to address the management of needs related to donation and receipt. Through an extensive review of the literature and related research, it was identified that a geospatial platform specifically dedicated to donation management has not yet been developed. To address this gap, this research proposes the creation of a novel geospatial platform using data analysis and visualization methods, complemented by the integration of geofencing technology. By employing such an approach, the geospatial platform will play a pivotal role in enhancing disaster and epidemic assistance. It will facilitate efficient data processing and visualization, overcoming the limitations faced by the current offline system. Emphasis will be placed on improving the management of needs concerning donation and receipt, thereby mitigating mismatches between assistance and actual requirements. Consequently, this platform is expected to significantly enhance the effectiveness and targeting of aid distribution during times of crises.

Safety map: Disaster management road network for urban resilience

This study aims to select disaster resistance roads in urban areas which require management through their topological relationship and by the consideration of the roads’ durable and resilient attributes against disaster. Disaster resistance road network means a network of safe roads that are used dynamically according to various disaster scenarios. The network requires high accessibility and disaster resistance. In some cases, roads are used as an evacuation route to secure the safety of the citizens, to preserve human resources, and to transport emergency supplies to disaster areas. Upon the occurrence of a disaster, using the road infrastructure resistant to various types of disaster can help maintain the functions of cities and can contribute to the increase of urban resilience. In this paper, the process of reconstructing road network entails the extraction of road layers through ERAM (Eigenvector Ratio of Adjacency Matrix) model, both the road layers with high disaster resilience from the public road data, and the road layers with high connectivity in the topological relationship between roads. Subsequently, the network combines the layers based on high disaster resistance and the layers based on topological relationship, and leads to a disaster resistance road network. Verification will be performed through a case study comparing the extracted disaster resistance road network and the traffic counting points that signify the traffic characteristics. The proposed research results will be used as geographical information referred to for evacuation route planning and emergency transport route planning in disaster situations and will serve as basic study material for disaster plan.

INTEGRATED RESIDENTIAL AND COMMUNITY COMPLEXES OF MEDIUM FLOORS

Setting the problem - designing the construction objects of the centers of small towns and historical areas is problematic because their construction must accommodate residential and public functions at the same time. The complexity of their integration implies the search and use of special techniques. 
 Publications on integrated residential and community centers cover different stages of design, starting with the study of traditional medieval cities, ending with more recent examples of urban center formation, especially in areas with regulated building heights. 
 The article examines the peculiarities of the architectural and planning organization of housing depending on the component of social tasks of the territory, and options for solving the problems related to this. 
 The purpose of the article is to identify trends and define approaches to the formation of integrated residential and public complexes of average storeys.
 It was revealed that as a result of changes in the way of life of people, as a result of various types of disasters, a large percentage of qualified workers began to prefer working at home or within walking distance to housing. The need for housing that can provide freedom and flexibility in the life schedule began to appear. 
 The expediency of combining two environments with different purposes is substantiated and the factors of mutual influence are taken into account. The international and national experience was analyzed, differences in the architectural and planning organization of integrated medium-story housing were revealed. 
 It is proposed to consider housing as a complex that can satisfy various needs of a person and raise his standard of living, provide social services, security, leisure and health care facilities.
 It was found that the determined trend is becoming relevant at this time and for the coming years. Further research should clarify the methods of architectural and planning organization of such buildings.

PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF INCREASED VERBAL/PHYSICAL CONFLICT DURING COVID-19: CLSA FINDINGS

Abstract Child and spousal abuse rates have been shown to increase during various types of disasters. This study sought to determine the prevalence and determinants of older adults’ experiences of increased verbal or physical conflict (+VPC), as a proxy for elder abuse, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data are from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), a cohort study of 51,338 Canadians aged 45–85 at enrollment (2012-15) with follow-up every 3 years until 2033.. We analyzed data of participants aged 65 or above at follow-up1 who took part in a COVID-19 sub-study (n=24,306). Experiencing +VPC was the main outcome variable; explanatory variables included gender identity, sexual orientation, age group, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, household income, working status, living alone, social support availability, cohesion with community, self-rated physical and mental health, anxiety, depression, and previous history of elder abuse. The overall weighted prevalence of +VPC was 7.4%. Gay/bisexual men, 55-64 age-group, not living alone, low social support, poor social cohesion, low self-rated health, poor mental health, and past history of psychological or physical abuse were all significantly associated with +VPC. Weighted multivariable logistic regression revealed gender, not living alone, higher scores of depression and anxiety, and past history of psychological abuse to be independent predictors of +VPC. Implications for post-pandemic recovery and for prevention strategies during future disasters include targeted outreach programs for the most vulnerable group which includes males, persons age 55-64, those with self-rated poor mental health and/or history of elder psychological abuse.

Peningkatan Kesadaran Masyarakat Menghadapi Bencana Di Desa Tabing Rimbang Kabupaten Barito Kuala

Disasters in South Kalimantan Province did not only occur at the provincial level but also at the village level such as in Tabing Rimbah Village, Mandastana District. Disasters that occur such as floods, fires, and winds. Service activities need to be carried out because they see various areas have the potential for disasters. The purpose of the service is to increase public awareness in dealing with disasters. Service activities are carried out so that public awareness in dealing with disasters increases. The community also becomes more alert and has prepared in dealing with disasters that can occur at any time. Service activities are carried out at the village level because the village is the smallest element in government that has a large enough role in dealing with disasters at the village level. The method used and applied to the service activities of lectures and discussions between participants and resource persons in the field of disaster and disaster communication is active. The people who were invited were representatives of each KK as many as 30 people. The community as participants in service activities is expected to be more active in tackling disasters in Tabing Rimbah Village. Service activities are expected to increase public awareness in dealing with various types of disasters, especially disasters in Tabing Rimbah Village such as floods, fires, and winds that almost routinely occur every year. Awareness raising was carried out through training activities and interactive discussions attended by village heads, community leaders, officials, and the community. The training materials provided are related to types of disasters, how to cope with disasters, knowledge about disaster-resilient villages, and disaster communication. The findings of this service activity are increasing public awareness in dealing with various types of disasters so that people will be more prepared and alert when disasters come so that casualties and property in affected areas can be minimized.

Climate Change Adaptation, Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) and Resiliency of Secondary School Teachers: Basis for Integrated School Disaster Plan

Disaster risk reduction management has been integrated into all schools to ensure that students and teachers are prepared in the event of a disaster or hazard.This study aimed to determine the extent of climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction management practices, and resiliency of secondary school teachers in Sto. Nio. The study utilized a descriptive and correlational design. The needed data were gathered using the survey questionnaire. The respondents were secondary school teachers. Mean and Pearson were used as statistical tools.The findings revealed that secondary school teachers level of climate change adaptation was very satisfactory. The disaster risk reduction management practices of secondary school teachers were also very satisfactory. Secondary school teachers resiliency in terms of absorptive and anticipatory capacity was rated very satisfactory, while transformative capacity was rated satisfactory. There is a link between climate change adaptation and secondary school teachers resilience. The disaster risk reduction management practices and the resiliency of secondary school teachers were significantly related. Teachers who are climate change adaptive minimize the negative effects of climate change while seizing any new opportunities that may arise. Moreover, teachers were focused on determining the areas of their schools that were at risk of or vulnerable to certain calamities. The secondary teachers engaged in an acceptable practice of eradicating disaster risk through mitigation. Teachers must provide adequate knowledge on the various types of disasters that are likely to occur and ways to protect against them by incorporating them into their curriculum.