Various Types Of Consumers Research Articles

Needs and Challenges of Vulnerable Consumer and Its Impact on the Tourism Industry: Literature Review

Consumers are parties who must be considered in the sustainability of the economy. Consumers are the right subjects in targeting changes in economic development. The tourism industry is also not immune from the development of various types of consumers. One type of consumer that needs to be considered is the vulnerable consumer. Therefore, the aim of this research is to look at the influence of vulnerable consumers in the tourism industry in Indonesia. The design of this research is a literature review. Search for articles on Google Scholar and ProQuest with keywords based on customer retention. 420 articles were found in the 2014-2023 period, then screening was carried out and 25 relevant articles were found to be discussed and analyzed. The results of this research found that the influence of customer service, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer commitment make customers continue to use products or services. Keywords: Vulnerable Consumer, Customer Service, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Commitment, Customer Retention..

Influence of the Type of Receiver on Electrical Energy Losses in Power Grids

The development of power electronics, including high-efficiency power supply systems, changes the structure of perception of the types of electrical energy receivers connected to the power grid at each supply voltage level. In the past, the dominant type of receivers were constant impedance devices. Currently, more and more devices have power supplies, which are most often constant power receivers. The construction and technological diversity of receivers allows mixed receivers, which are a combination of constant power and constant impedance receivers, to be distinguished. Therefore, there is a need to determine the impact of the type of electrical energy receivers on the power grid, both in the context of the operation of a single receiver and in the case of a branched power grid with a high penetration of distributed generation. This article will discuss the impact of the type of electrical energy receivers on the operation of the power grid, with particular emphasis on the issue of electrical energy losses at changing voltages. To determine the impact of receivers, simulation studies were performed based on two case stages: the first is a fragment of a low-voltage power grid in a household that supplies a heating device, which is analyzed as a different type of receiver; the second is a fragment of a low-voltage power grid with various types of consumers and photovoltaic installations. The research was carried out on the basis of the mathematical model of the low-voltage power network developed by the authors using the electric multipole method and Newton’s method. The obtained results show that the type of receiver may have an impact on electrical energy losses.

A review on integration of surging plug-in electric vehicles charging in energy-flexible buildings: Impacts analysis, collaborative management technologies, and future perspective

Today’s plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) technology is one of the important ways to address the dependence of fossil energy and greenhouse gas emissions. With the explosive growth of the number of PEVs worldwide, surging PEVs charging has offered new opportunities and challenges for large amounts of existing buildings where more and more charging infrastructures have been added. By means of microgrid technology, energy-flexible buildings are nowadays integrated with multiple distributed energy sources, energy storages and various types of consumers, allowing the possibility of providing measures to mitigate the growing impact of surging PEVs charging demand and accommodate more PEVs in buildings. Collaborative management between PEVs and energy-flexible buildings is attracting more attention of energy professionals and provides incentives to make more efforts in developing more extensive and optimal control methods for the integrated building energy systems. However, there is little review focusing on the impact analysis and co-management technologies on PEVs charging in buildings. This paper firstly provides an overview of the literatures related to the impact of PEV charging on the building power demand profile and the associated distribution transformer performance as well as the key impact factors. Additionally, a comprehensive review and analysis are conducted on the state-of-the-art researches with regard to the co-management of PEVs and energy-flexible buildings with various energy flexibility sources for the co-benefits of the integrated building energy system. The further efforts needed for developing more applicable co-management methods for facilitating surging penetration of PEVs in buildings are also addressed.

What adds more flexibility? An energy system analysis of storage, demand-side response, heating electrification, and distribution reinforcement

This paper compares various flexibility options to support renewable energy integration across the energy transition using energy system modelling. We analyse new flexibility assets such as electricity storage, heat pumps, demand-side response with existing wet appliances, electric boilers for domestic hot water and distribution grid expansion, along with energy efficiency measures in electrical appliances and building retrofitting. We propose an open-source sector coupling model (GRIMSEL-FLEX) to minimise, from a social planner perspective, the total cost of the energy system for electricity and residential heating supply in Switzerland, including various types of consumers and urban settings. We find relevant feedback mechanisms among various flexibility options. Firstly, electric boilers have a larger flexibility potential than demand-side response with wet appliances since they reduce storage investments by more than 26% by 2050 (only 12% for demand-side response). Secondly, 34% more electricity storage is needed if heat pumps replace all fossil-based heating and 80% to replace all heating systems entirely. Thirdly, we find a shift in the operation of heat pumps, electric boilers and wet appliances from night to midday, resulting in larger photovoltaic deployment (22%–66% for the residential sector). Finally, electricity storage capacity induced by heat pump deployment is highly dependent on the retrofitting rate. With 1% per annum, 86% of storage investments can be avoided and it can be counterbalanced with a high retrofitting rate of 2% per annum.

Selected Organizational and Managerial Aspects of Health and Nutrition Education of Various Types of Consumers of Spa Treatment Services in Poland.

Consumer education, including nutrition education, understood as a process based on scientific principles, is becoming a very effective element in influencing the health of the population in the modern world. This work is based on direct research carried out in 2016–2018 in the form of a questionnaire interview among patients—consumers of educational services in spa treatment facilities. The research sample was N = 1000 (600 people were tested with the use of PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interview), and 400 people with the use of CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview)) and concerned a representative group of spa patients in Poland. In addition, as a supplement, a direct survey was conducted in the form of a Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview with managers of spa treatment facilities (N = 50). Consumers of spa treatment services differ from each other, and types can be distinguished based on their professional activity status and the type of entity that pays for their stay in the spa, and, using cluster analysis, the status of professional activity in relation to their education level. The nutritional education system is based on highly specialized medical personnel. At the same time, it does not use the available assessment tools based on proven monitoring and evaluation indicators. Health education, which also includes nutritional education, apart from disease prevention, is the basic tool for health promotion in spa treatment conditions, enabling the introduction of a permanent change in the patients’ lifestyles, the additional advantages of which are low costs and relatively high efficiency. In the course of the study, several useful patient profiles were also distinguished, thanks to which it is possible to select dedicated educational methods for selected groups of recipients.

The diverse impacts of COVID-19 on electricity demand: The case of Chile

This paper analyzes the impacts of the first wave of COVID-19 (March 2020 - September 2020) on the electricity demand of different types of consumers in Chile, including residential, commercial, and industrial demand. We leverage data from 230 thousand smart meters of residential and commercial consumers in 32 communes of Santiago (the capital city of Chile), which allows us to investigate the evolution of their demands with an hourly temporal resolution. Additionally, we use demand data of large industrial consumers provided by the Chilean system operator to study the impact of the pandemic on different economic sectors. This paper demonstrates that the COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated containment measures, have featured a drastically different impact on the various types of consumers in Chile. In particular, we show that the demand of residential consumers has increased throughout the first wave, even when we isolate the effects of the pandemic from those related to weather. Furthermore, we study how these effects change in different communes of Santiago, contrasting our findings with the socio-economic levels of the population. In effect, we find different demand response patterns depending on the socio-economic background of consumers. We also show that commercial demand has significantly declined due to the containment measures implemented and that the hospitality and construction economic sectors have been the most affected in the country.

Decomposition model for examination and optimization of reliability of the basic structure of UES of Russia

The main provisions are outlined of the author’s model of electric energy systems and their associations (Unified Energy Systems of Russia, UPS), enabling to determine analytically the key parameters of reliability of operation of EES within generation facilities (generation adequacy) and trunk power grids (transmission reliability) subject to dislocation of generation facilities and electric loads, electric modes and reliability of operation of trunk power grids.For calculations of electric modes of operation of 750–220 kV power grids, Stott’s decomposition method is used involving simplification of the Jacobian matrix, the latter being divided into two independent subsystemsP → δ and Q → U, based on a weak functional link between P and Uand between Q and δ. When developing the model, much attention has been paid to improving the correctness in assessing the static and dynamic stability of the UES and taking into account these factors in the process of calculating the reliability of trunk power grids networks for each of the considered emergency situations. Special attention has been paid to improving the accuracy of estimates of economic losses (damage to the national economy) under various conditions of operation and recovery of UES: when working at low frequency, on actuation of automatic frequency load shedding (AFLS) devices and special load shedding automatics (SLSA), in case of sudden shutdowns, shutdowns with prior notice, and planned power supply restrictions. When forming the composition of consumers subject to restrictions, instead of the currently used proportional approach, the method of indefinite Laplace multipliers is used to reduce damage, based on taking into account the technological and economic response of various types of consumers to restrictions of their electrical loads. The calculations are concluded with an assessment of the annual average undersupply of electric energy and economic damage to consumers from disruptions of their power supply for the UES of Russia in 2017–2019, as a basis for optimizing the system reliability. It is shown that the probable annual average damage only in trunk grids of the UES of Russia amounts to as much as 1.2 percent of annual GDP, while its annual growth over the same period is estimated by the Ministry of Economic Development and the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation to be within 1.8%. Thus, due to the unreliability of the operation of only 750–220 kV main nets of UES, the national economy annually loses up to 2/3 of its annual growth.

How do individuals cope self-threats with consuming behaviors? Analysis based on the orientation-path integration model

<p id=p00005>Consumption is an important avenue for consumers to cope with self-threats, which are ubiquitous in daily life. Providing that consumers’ self-concept is multi-dimensional and the process of coping with self-threats involves cognitive, affective, and emotional factors, current research sometimes confounds the sources of self-threats and coping behaviors, resulting in dispersed, incoherent, and even conflicting conclusions. Hence, in this study, an integrated orientation-path model is proposed based on the review on the existing consumer studies related to self-threats. In the model, we summarized various types of consumers’ coping strategies to self-threats, analyzed how different strategies compensate one another on multiple levels, and revealed the multiple associations between self-threats and consumption behaviors. The model can be applied to understand how individuals construct coping strategies based on the comprehensive value system of products and their perception system. This study contributes to current consumer research by providing extensive understandings on coping strategies to self-threats and the underlying mechanism, and at the same time, offering insights on how individuals react to threats (e.g., Coronavirus) they encountered in everyday life.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CONTROL ALGORITHM DEVICE LOAD BALANCING DEVICE

The work is devoted to improving the control algorithm of the load balancing device for 0.4 kV electrical mains that are in pilot operation. The action of the device is aimed at balancing the load at the nodal point of the electrical network, where several 3-phase outgoing lines are connected, by changing the connection diagram of the phases of one of them. The device is capable of realizing 6 combinations obtained by circular permutation and changing the phase rotation. The classification of analogs of the device according to the type of connection to the network is proposed. The technique of collection and processing of experimental data on the operation of the device is presented. Analysis of primary data shows that among the consumers there are powerful energy receivers with automatic two-position control. As a criterion for the expediency of one or another method of connecting the phases of the outgoing line to the phases of the source, the coefficient of non-uniformity of conductivities is taken. Strict observance of the condition of the minimum coefficient of unevenness is impossible in practice with the existing nature of the load due to the need for too frequent operation of the device. This and other limitations given in the work are the reason for the systematization of requirements for the device control algorithm, one of which is the need to filter the initial data before executing the main algorithm. The paper provides a rationale for the use of a digital IIR low-pass filter. Based on the frequency analysis of the curves of the conductivity unevenness coefficients, the filter design was carried out and the digital transfer function coefficients were calculated. A difference equation is determined that is suitable for implementation in the program for the control microcontroller of the device. The developed filter is universal and suitable for use in the control algorithm of a load balancing device of any power and for any type of load. The results of modeling the proposed filter are presented using the example of experimental data. The prospect of the research is the collection of statistics on various types of consumers, analysis of practical situations, in order to further refine the algorithm.

Assessment of rational options for energy supply to remote consumers of the Arctic zone in the context of the development of renewable energy

The article deals with the problem of power supply of various types of consumers of electric energy in remote regions of Russia and the Arctic zone in the context of the intensification of the development of renewable energy. The article substantiates the position that in order to ensure sustainable and rational energy supply to the largest group of consumers - small remote settlements-it is advisable to consider a set of measures in three main areas: energy saving and improving the energy efficiency of consumers, electricity supply based on geographically accessible energy sources, including renewable ones. It is shown that the key indicator of the development of renewable energy technologies in the Arctic zone and remote regions is the level of economically justified reduction of the “northern import” of fuel in the zone of decentralized energy supply, as well as cross-subsidization of energy tariffs for consumers of different target groups.

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN AKUNTANSI, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, KARAKTERISTIK WIRAUSAHA DAN KETIDAKPASTIAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL PADA “COFFEE SHOP” DI BANDAR LAMPUNG

Currently, coffee shops or commonly known as coffee shops are not foreign to the ears. For in Bandar Lampung itself there are lots of coffee shops ranging from lower class to upper class. Various types of consumers make business competition something that must be considered for entrepreneurs in running and maintaining their business. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of accounting knowledge, organizational commitment, environmental uncertainty and entrepreneurial characteristics on managerial performance at a coffee shop in Bandar Lampung. The research method used is causal associative research, namely research that aims to analyze the relationship between a variable with other variables. The sampling technique used in this study is a sampling technique with purposive sampling method. Methods of data collection using observation and questionnaires. The result of this research is that there is a positive influence between accounting knowledge, organizational commitment and entrepreneurial characteristics on managerial performance.

Research on My Country’s Consumer Finance Development under the New Normal of Financial Management

&lt;p&gt;At present, the level of China’s economy is continuously rising. Consumer’demand of in China is also in the process of continuous growth. Therefore, it is the best opportunity for progress, development and renewal in consumer finance. People are no longer satisfied with the mechanical traditional way of consumption. Consumer finance under the normal state of financial management pays more attention to the experience of various types of consumers, and the benign and convenient services they receive when purchasing products. To put it simply, although the current state of development of consumer finance has advantages, in the course of its development, we can also discover many of its shortcomings. Therefore, on this basis, how to improve the consumer finance system and innovate and develop new products and services under the financial management situation of China as soon as possible is a hot spot in the current society.&lt;/p&gt;

Decarbonising heat with optimal PV and storage investments: A detailed sector coupling modelling framework with flexible heat pump operation

This paper analyses optimal electricity investments (PV and battery storage) to decarbonise heat supply in residential buildings under different heat pump and energy retrofitting scenarios in a detailed representation of the Swiss power and heating system. The sensitivity of PV and storage deployment, including lithium-ion (LiB) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), with respect to distribution network capacity is also investigated. We propose an open-source dispatch sector coupling model (GRIMSEL-AH) to minimise energy system costs (social planner perspective) for heating and electricity supply in Switzerland with hourly and daily time resolution for electricity and heating respectively. Moreover, our representation of the Swiss energy system includes various types of consumers and urban settings which are represented with monitored electricity demand data for each sector and simulated heat demand data at the building level for the residential sector. We find that under a “business as usual” heat pump deployment and retrofitting rate, the optimal electricity investments correspond to 27.8 GWp of PV combined with 16.9 GW (33.8 GWh) for LiB and 1.9 GW (7.6 GWh) for VRFB. For this case, 57% (13.3 TWth/year) of the residential heat demand is covered by heat pumps with a total installed capacity of 19.7 GWth by 2050 (capacity exogenously set with its operation optimised). With increasing heat pump deployment, retrofitting rates are found to have a large impact on the investment in storage and a 100% heat pump scenario for the residential sector appears to be feasible. Our results show that heat pumps do not only decarbonise heat but also provide extra flexibility to the power system, since they increase local PV self-consumption, resulting in higher PV deployment. The model and the methodology presented in this study can be applied to other countries.

Comprehensive Pricing Scheme of the EV Charging Station considering Consumer Differences Based on Integrated AHP/DEA Methodology

Scientific pricing of the electric vehicle charging station is closely related to consumer behavior inevitably. Existing studies have not considered the impacts of consumer differences on the charging price, which will fail to meet the interests of various types of consumers. This paper proposes a novel pricing method based on consumer classification and comprehensive evaluation strategies. First, the basis for consumer classification is established according to a single factor sensitivity analysis of the consumer benefit model; then, the nonlinear expression of the basis is piecewise linearized. Additionally, with the principle of least fitting error to determine consumers’ classification, the initial charging price schemes for various types of consumers are formulated. Second, this paper defines evaluation indices and establishes the hierarchy model for comprehensive evaluation schemes. Finally, the integrated analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis are adopted for comprehensive evaluation of schemes. Simulations results illustrate that the proposed method can formulate the comprehensive optimal charging price considering consumer differences, and the method can reflect the impacts of both subjective and objective factors conveniently and accurately.

Optimised allocation of PV and storage capacity among different consumer types and urban settings: A prospective analysis for Switzerland

This paper discusses the optimal configuration of PV and electricity storage in a detailed representation of the Swiss power system. The sensitivity of storage deployment with respect to distribution network capacity is also investigated. We propose an open-source dispatch model to optimise the electricity supply of Switzerland and its four neighbouring countries with hourly time resolution. Moreover, our representation of the Swiss power system includes various types of consumers, namely, the residential (single-family house and multi-family house), service and industrial sectors, with a differentiation by rural, suburban and urban settings, resulting in 12 sub-national nodes. We then use monitored electricity demand load data for each sector. We find that the achievement of the Swiss federal target of 13.8 GWp PV capacity by 2050, which corresponds to 30% of the annual production, requires an additional storage capacity of 11 GWh (corresponding to 1.6 h of average consumption) in order to minimise total costs. However, when letting the optimisation model choose both the PV capacity and the size of energy storage, then minimal costs are achieved by a system with 24.6 GWp of PV (corresponding to 53% of the annual production) combined with 29.2 GWh (4.1 h of average consumption) of storage capacity. Our results show that storage plays an important role in minimising the total cost for energy systems with large PV capacity as well as satisfying the distribution capacity constraints. The detailed results and mechanisms at the level of sub-national nodes are discussed. The model and the methodology presented in this study with a focus the Swiss case can be applied to any country/region.

Sustainable industrial systems through strategic laboratory equipment industry

This paper conveys the theoretical perspectives of sustainable industrial systems through Strategic Laboratory Equipment Industry, within scope of PT. Promedika Sejahtera (PPS). PT Promedika Sejahtera is a company engaged in the laboratory equipment industry, that need its strategic touch on its Strategic Laboratory Equipment. Products sold by the company are Oxygen, Medical Equipment, Ultraviolet System, Activated Carbon Filter, Pempers, and Underpad. Products that exist in the company are not in their own production in the production from abroad. PT Promedika Sejahtera merely sell the laboratory equipment. Yet, the company has various types of consumers namely hospitals, hospital cooperatives, pharmacies, factories, and water equipment RO shops. In this paper, strategic laboratory equipment industry refers specifically to inventory within the supply chain management perspectives. This paper constitutes collaboration with other papers on Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Re-Order Point (ROP), and Safety Stock (SS), that convolutes Forecasting, ABC Analysis, and Partial Least Square (PLS). Yet, this paper refers to its focus merely on Forecasting, Demand Pattern, Exponential Smoothing and EOQ. As part of conclusion, this paper conveys several highlighted remarks. Those remarks refer to ABC Analysis. The grouping of goods using ABC Analysis Method is divided into three groups: A with 80% priority, group B with 20% priority and group C with 10% priority. The number of goods in group A is 12 items, group B 18 item type and group C are 30 items of goods. Forecasting demand required by the Company for 2018 based on priority group A can be done using the Double Exponential Smoothing (Holt’s) Method because the pattern pattern possessed from the previous year’s sales data has no seasonal but has a random trend. The results of these calculations can be seen from the table of existing research results. Ultimately, Future research is deemed indispensable within novelty purpose for the industrial system sustainability within Strategic Laboratory Equipment Industry.

Impact of consumer innovativeness on shopping styles: a case study of university students from Pakistan

This study examines the effects of various types of consumers’ innovativeness on the consumer shopping styles. The results highlight that social, hedonic and cognitive innovativeness have an impact on consumer shopping styles, but functional innovativeness doesn’t influence consumer shopping styles. The study is based on sample of university students from Rawalpindi and Islamabad and its outcomes pave grounds for marketers to develop a better understanding for marketing new products and services. New product and services can be designed to magnetize innovative consumers. Integrated marketing communications should be planned according to the shopping styles of innovative consumers. Youngsters being a sizeable market segment in Pakistan, therefore, this study will guide the marketers to understand this segment better. This study discovers the association between different kinds of innovative consumer and consumer shopping styles.

Forming Rate Options for Various Types of Consumers in the Retail Electricity Market by Solving the Adverse Selection Problem

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with the game theoretic mechanisms of interaction between a load serving entity and several types of power consumers (with elastic and inelastic demand). The main focus is on the bounded rational and fully rational consumers, and respective utility functions are defined for them. The demand-side management (DSM) principles are used to analyze the load at different times of the day for different types of consumers. The proposed statement allows the formulation of coordinated prices in rates for different types of consumers, and optimization of demand: peak load decreases relative to a daily average one. The problem is reduced to a convex optimization problem that has a unique solution in the presented form. The obtained result is in the form of a separating equilibrium (when different consumers choose different rates), which brings the retail market equilibrium closer to the maximum public welfare.

Systematic literature review of halal food consumption-qualitative research era 1990-2017

PurposeIn view of increasing demand of halal foods and to properly address the needs of various types of consumers, the literary inquiries have sprung in this area since start of twenty-first century. However, the number of papers published in reputed journals is still pegged to the lowest ebb. This paper aims to systematically review all qualitative research papers, published in reputed journals, and to give specific directions to future researchers to move on and explore some other required areas.Design/methodology/approachThe Campbell collaboration systematic literature review technique was adopted as methodology to screen out relevant studies. A total of 11 qualitative studies qualified the set criteria which have used various qualitative methodologies like interviews, focus groups, observations and netnography. The qualitative data were analyzed through nVivo software by adopting Spiggle’s steps of data analysis.FindingsIn these selected qualitative studies, around 24 main themes were extracted in total, out of which four themes were repeatedly discussed in most of these studies. Likewise, the details of geographical location of authors, type of methodology used, religious affiliation of respondents, type of journals, most prolific journals and citations of each paper were worked out and given in the form of result tables. Based on the importance of this fastest-growing global food market, it has been concluded that the qualitative research inquiries are still in infancy in this area, and more papers need to be published in reputed journals.Research limitations/implicationsAs per set criteria, only papers published in quality journals were included in this review; therefore, the main limitation of this review is that it has not included other qualitative papers published elsewhere.Practical implicationsThe future researchers can use the results of this study in setting direction of their research in the area of halal food consumption. These results can be used by academicians to know about the extent of research conducted in this area, whereas marketers can make prudent policies based on these explored areas.Originality/valueIt is claimed to be the first systematic literature review on halal food consumption.

Energy management in hybrid microgrid with considering multiple power market and real time demand response

Energy management in microgrid has been become an important issue in recent studies. Nowadays, energy management strategies are grown rapidly. In this paper, a new energy management strategy has been proposed for a hybrid microgrid including demand response and internal power market. In this regard, multiple markets configuration is considered in the proposed method and interaction between the consumers, microgrid and incentive strategies are included in the presented planning. Due to presence of various types of consumers, such as critical and normal loads, different power tariffs and contracts are utilized in energy management. Moreover, the effects of shiftable loads behavior have been investigated on the planning. Shiftable loads that cause problems such as sudden demand and frequency drop are considered in the presented strategy. In order to overcome this problem, electrical energy storage systems have been used as the transient power supplier. The proposed method is a stochastic linear programming that loads, wind speed, solar radiation and price of energy are considered as uncertain parameters and the microgrid cost, emission and demand cost are utilized as objective functions. Simulation results show a great reduction in microgrid cost, pollution and demand payments as well validate the effectiveness the proposed strategy.