Nanoparticles Of Various Shapes Research Articles

Facile microwave synthesis of various-shaped magnetite/ reduced graphene oxide heterostructures and their magnetization properties

Heterostructures of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets are very common composite materials for different applications such as catalysis, energy storage, and biomedicine. Developing methods for the facile control of the size and shape of both freestanding Fe3O4 nanoparticles and those anchored onto RGO sheets is in demand. Herein, we report on the rapid and facile microwave synthesis (MWS) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe3O4/RGO with various sizes and shapes using the oleylamine (OAm)/oleic acid (OAc) ligand pair. The solvothermal synthesis using microwave irradiation (MWI) resulted in the concurrent conversion of graphene oxide (GO) into RGO and the in-situ formation of various-shaped Fe3O4 on RGO sheets. Freestanding Fe3O4 nanoparticles of various shapes were prepared using MWS for comparison. The morphological, structural, and surface properties of the samples were studied using different characterization techniques. The magnetization properties of the prepared samples were determined using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Various-shaped standalone and RGO-supported Fe3O4 nanoparticles including nanospheres, nanocubes, and nanotriangles were synthesized via MWI at 1000 W for 20 min by changing the ratios of the iron precursor and the OAm/OAc ligand pair. Interestingly, the MWI using OAm/OAc ligand pair of a molar ratio of 3:4 resulted in the in-situ formation of large hexagonal Fe3O4/RGO. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirm the crystallinity and spinel structure of the prepared Fe3O4 samples and prove the concurrent conversion of GO into RGO with assemblies of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The magnetization measurements further emphasized the role of size and shape in affecting the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/RGO heterostructures. The results identify the qualities of the prepared samples and prove the MWS as a facile one-pot method for the preparation of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/RGO heterostructures.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Pelargonium Graveolens leaf extract: characterization and anti-microbial properties (An in-vitro study)

Background In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the level of attention devoted to exploring capabilities of nanoparticles, specifically gold nanoparticles AuNPs, within context of modern times. AuNPs possess distinct biophysical properties, as a novel avenue as an antibacterial agent targeting Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans. The aim of this study to create a nano-platform that has the potential to be environmentally sustainable, in addition to exhibiting exceptional antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus Mutans as well as Candida Albicans. Methods this study involved utilization of Pelargonium Graveolens leaves extract as a cost effective and environmentally sustainable approach for the green synthesis of AuNPs. Subsequently, physicochemical characteristics were assessed employing a variety of analytical methods, including as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Zeta potential, Ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy, and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans was evaluated. Nanoparticles of various shapes, including hexagonal, spherical, semi-spherical, and triangular, were synthesized. These nanoparticles exhibited a mean particle size of 294nm and demonstrated low degree of aggregation. These nanoparticles exhibited long-term stability and were capable of facilely combining with diverse bioactive compounds. Results The study demonstrated that AuNPs which is synthesized by green methods display potent antimicrobial properties. Conclusion Utilization of Pelargonium Graveolens AuNPs may exhibit a promising potential as an antibacterial agent against Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans. Nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to serve as a novel approach for addressing pathogen infections as well as for biomedical, dental and pharmaceutical purposes in the future.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Pelargonium Graveolens leaf extract: characterization and anti-microbial properties (An in-vitro study).

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the level of attention devoted to exploring capabilities of nanoparticles, specifically gold nanoparticles AuNPs, within context of modern times. AuNPs possess distinct biophysical properties, as a novel avenue as an antibacterial agent targeting Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans. The aim of this study to create a nano-platform that has the potential to be environmentally sustainable, in addition to exhibiting exceptional antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus Mutans as well as Candida Albicans. this study involved utilization of Pelargonium Graveolens leaves extract as a cost effective and environmentally sustainable approach for the green synthesis of AuNPs. Subsequently, physicochemical characteristics were assessed employing a variety of analytical methods, including as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Zeta potential, Ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy, and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans was evaluated. Nanoparticles of various shapes, including hexagonal, spherical, semi-spherical, and triangular, were synthesized. These nanoparticles exhibited a mean particle size of 294nm and demonstrated low degree of aggregation. These nanoparticles exhibited long-term stability and were capable of facilely combining with diverse bioactive compounds. The study demonstrated that AuNPs which is synthesized by green methods display potent antimicrobial properties. Utilization of Pelargonium Graveolens AuNPs may exhibit a promising potential as an antibacterial agent against Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans. Nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to serve as a novel approach for addressing pathogen infections as well as for biomedical, dental and pharmaceutical purposes in the future.

A novel hybridity model for (Cu-Al2O3-H2O) hybrid nanofluid flow with melting heat transfer, shape factor, and irreversibility analysis: A development on Blasius and Sakiadis problems

The mass-based hybrid nanofluid model is applied for the flow over the flat plate with melting heat transfer phenomenon by considering Blasius and Sakiadis problems. Instead of the volumetric concentration of the first and second nanoparticles, the masses of the base fluid and nanoparticles are taken into account. This model is used for the first time to develop the Blasius and Sakiadis problem along with the irreversibility analysis. The nanoparticles of various shapes are also taken for investigation. Appropriate similarity transformations are applied to turn the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. To numerically solve the transformed boundary layer equations, the shooting technique with the Runge Kutta–Felhberg scheme was employed. Copper and alumina nanoparticles of two different sorts have been incorporated into the base fluid. The influence of controlling physical factors on the velocity profile, thermal profile, coefficient of skin friction, and Nusselt number for both the Sakiadis and Blasius flows are graphically investigated. In addition, the fluctuation in the entropy generation as well as Bejan number has been illustrated through graphs. In-depth discussion is given regarding the traits of physical and engineering interest.

Automated selection of nanoparticle models for small-angle X-ray scattering data analysis using machine learning.

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is widely used to analyze the shape and size of nanoparticles in solution. A multitude of models, describing the SAXS intensity resulting from nanoparticles of various shapes, have been developed by the scientific community and are used for data analysis. Choosing the optimal model is a crucial step in data analysis, which can be difficult and time-consuming, especially for non-expert users. An algorithm is proposed, based on machine learning, representation learning and SAXS-specific preprocessing methods, which instantly selects the nanoparticle model best suited to describe SAXS data. The different algorithms compared are trained and evaluated on a simulated database. This database includes 75 000 scattering spectra from nine nanoparticle models, and realistically simulates two distinct device configurations. It will be made freely available to serve as a basis of comparison for future work. Deploying a universal solution for automatic nanoparticle model selection is a challenge made more difficult by the diversity of SAXS instruments and their flexible settings. The poor transferability of classification rules learned on one device configuration to another is highlighted. It is shown that training on several device configurations enables the algorithm to be generalized, without degrading performance compared with configuration-specific training. Finally, the classification algorithm is evaluated on a real data set obtained by performing SAXS experiments on nanoparticles for each of the instrumental configurations, which have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy. This data set, although very limited, allows estimation of the transferability of the classification rules learned on simulated data to real data.

The Art of Nanoparticle Design: Unconventional Morphologies for Advancing Luminescent Technologies.

The advanced design of rare-earth-doped (RE-doped) fluoride nanoparticles has expanded their applications ranging from anticounterfeiting luminescence and contactless temperature measurement to photodynamic therapy. Several recent studies have focused on developing rare morphologies of RE-doped nanoparticles. Distinct physical morphologies of RE-doped fluoride materials set them apart from contemporary nanoparticles. Every unusual structure holds the potential to dramatically improve the physical performance of nanoparticles, resulting in a remarkable revolution and a wide range of applications. This comprehensive review serves as a guide offering insights into various uniquely structured nanoparticles, including hollow, dumbbell-shaped, and peasecod-like forms. It aims to cater to both novices and experts interested in exploring the morphological transformations of nanoparticles. Discovering new energy transfer pathways and enhancing the optical application performance have been long-term challenges for which new solutions can be found in old papers. In the future, nanoparticle morphology design is expected to involve more refined microphysical methods and chemically-induced syntheses. Targeted modification of nanoparticle morphology and the aggregation of nanoparticles of various shapes can provide the advantages of different structures and enhance the universality of nanoparticles.

Study of surface morphology of Ag thin films prepared by sputtering and irradiation with keV Ar ion beam

In this paper, the possibility of preparing silver nanostructures with a high area density of nanoparticles of various shapes by the ion beam sputtering (IBS) method, using a glancing angle deposition (GLAD) configuration, and subsequent irradiation with heavy ions, was tested. In the experiment, keV Ar+ ions were used for both IBS and bombardment. The prepared nanostructures were analyzed by RBS and microscopic methods of SEM and AFM. It turned out that IBS/GLAD makes it possible to create silver nanostructures (networks of individual silver nanoparticles), but only with relatively low areal densities (∼ 70 µm2). The bombardment led to changes in the porosity only after high ion fluences, but also to disruption of the nanostructures. Even so, the IBS method with GLAD configuration has been shown to be a promising way to prepare high-porosity nanostructures. Nevertheless, further experimental efforts will be needed to find the optimal technology.

Laser fragmentation of amorphous and crystalline selenium of various morphologies and assessment of their antioxidant and protection properties.

Introduction: The process of laser-induced breakdown of amorphous and crystalline selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) of various shapes during nanosecond laser fragmentation of aqueous colloidal solutions of nanoparticles with different concentrations has been studied. Methods: The methods of studying the characteristics of plasma and acoustic oscillations induced by optical breakdown are applied. The methods of assessing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, the amount of long-lived reactive species of protein and 8-oxoguanine are applied. Results: It has been established that in the process of laser fragmentation of selenium nanoparticles at a wavelength of 532nm, corresponding to the maximum absorption of selenium, the highest probability of breakdown, the number of plasma flashes, their luminosity and the amplitude of acoustic signals are achieved at concentrations of the order of 109NPs/mL. It has been shown that the use of selenium nanoparticles of various shapes and structures leads to a change in the photoacoustic signal during laser-induced breakdown. When crystalline selenium nanoparticles are irradiated, the intensity of the photoacoustic response during breakdown turns out to be greater (1.5 times for flash luminosity and 3 times for acoustics) than when amorphous particles are irradiated at the same concentration. It has been shown that selenium nanoparticles exhibit significant antioxidant properties. Selenium nanoparticles effectively prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during water radiolysis, eliminate radiation-induced long-lived reactive species of protein, and reduce the radiation-chemical yield of a key marker of oxidative DNA damage - 8-oxoguanine. Discussion: In general, the intensity of processes occurring during laser fragmentation of amorphous and crystalline selenium nanoparticles differs significantly. The antioxidant properties are more pronounced in amorphous selenium nanoparticles compared to crystalline selenium nanoparticles.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles

The article presents information about plant protection products, methods for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, stabilization of the resulting solutions, and the morphology of the resulting colloidal solution. The chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out in the presence of reducing agents and stabilizers. Silver nitrate was used as a source of silver, and glucose, sodium citrate and hydrazine were used as reducing agents; water-soluble polymers were used as stabilizers - polyvinylprolidone, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate. Under optimal conditions, stable silver nanoparticles with different color solutions were obtained. An increase in the color intensity of solutions is associated with the dispersion of silver nanoparticles. The shape and size of silver nanoparticles are directly dependent on the concentration of solutions, the nature of stabilizers, reducing agents and temperature. By controlling the reaction conditions, it is possible to synthesize silver nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. The relationship between the shapes and sizes of nanoparticles, the concentration of silver salt, temperature and the nature of the stabilizer is indicated. The resulting nanosilver is recommended for use in agriculture.

In vitro/In vivo Evaluations of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles with Different Geometry.

Hydroxyapatite-based nanoparticles have found diverse applications in drug delivery, gene carriers, diagnostics, bioimaging and tissue engineering, owing to their ability to easily enter the bloodstream and target specific sites. However, there is limited understanding of the potential adverse effects and molecular mechanisms of these nanoparticles with varying geometries upon their entry into the bloodstream. Here, we used two commercially available hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) with different geometries (less than 100 nm in size each) to investigate this issue. First, the particle size, Zeta potential, and surface morphology of nano-hydroxyapatite were characterized. Subsequently, the effects of 2~2000 μM nano-hydroxyapatite on the proliferation, migration, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis levels of umbilical vein endothelial cells were evaluated. Additionally, the impact of nanoparticles of various shapes on the differential expression of genes was investigated using transcriptome sequencing. Additionally, we investigated the in vivo biocompatibility of HANPs through gavage administration of nanohydroxyapatite in mice. Our results demonstrate that while rod-shaped HANPs promote proliferation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) monolayers at 200 μM, sphere-shaped HANPs exhibit significant toxicity to these monolayers at the same concentration, inducing apoptosis/necrosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest through inflammation. Additionally, sphere-shaped HANPs enhance SULT1A3 levels relative to rod-shaped HANPs, facilitating chemical carcinogenesis-DNA adduct signaling pathways in HUVEC monolayers. In vivo experiments have shown that while HANPs can influence the number of blood cells and comprehensive metabolic indicators in blood, they do not exhibit significant toxicity. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the geometry and surface area of HANPs significantly affect VEC survival status and proliferation. These findings hold significant implications for the optimization of biomaterials in cell engineering applications.

Preparation of viromimetic rod-like nanoparticle vaccines (RLNVax) and study of their humoral immune activation efficacy.

Virus-like nanoparticle vaccines can efficiently activate the humoral immune response by cross-linking B cell receptors with their surface multivalent antigen arrays. This structurally dependent mechanism makes it crucial to regulate and optimize structural parameters to enhance the efficacy of nanoparticle vaccines. In this study, we prepared nanoparticle vaccines with different aspect ratios by chemically modifying antigen proteins onto the surfaces of poly(amino acid) nanoparticles of various shapes (spherical, ellipsoidal, and rod-like). This allowed us to investigate the impact of structural anisotropy on the humoral immune activation efficacy of nanoparticle vaccines. Furthermore, the end-group molecules of poly(amino acid) materials possess aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, which facilitate monitoring the dynamics of nano-assemblies within the body. Results showed that rod-like nanoparticle vaccines (RLNVax) with a higher aspect ratio (AR = 5) exhibited greater lymph node draining efficiency and could elicit more effective B cell activation compared to conventional isotropic spherical nanoparticle vaccines. In a murine subcutaneous immunization model using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, RLNVax elicited antigen-specific antibody titers that were about 64 times and 4.6 times higher than those induced by free antigen proteins and spherical nanoparticle vaccines, respectively. Additionally, when combined with an aluminum adjuvant, antibody titers elicited by RLNVax were further enhanced by 4-fold. These findings indicate that the anisotropic rod-like structure is advantageous for improving the humoral immune activation efficacy of nanoparticle vaccines, providing significant insights for the design and optimization of next-generation nanoparticle vaccines.

Convective nanofluid flow subjected to variable porosity, inclined magnetic field, and thermal radiations

Nanofluids pique the attention of researchers and scientists because of their excellent thermal transfer rates. They have numerous technological and industrial implementations in daily life. Nonsimilar analysis in this research is performed to study the consequences of nonuniform porosity of a porous medium on the radiative flow of nanofluid across a vertically positioned stretching surface. Moreover, the effects of viscous dissipation and inclined magnetic field are also taken into account. Single phase nanofluid model with latest thermophysical features of nanofluid are considered to devise the physical problem. Hamilton–Crosser model is used to investigate the various shapes of nanoparticles. Titanium oxide (TiO 2), Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2 ), water and Borosilicate ceramic are regarded as nanoparticles, base fluid, and porous media, respectively. The Brinkman–Forchheimer-extended Darcy model is assumed to represent the flow through porous medium. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) with accompanying boundary conditions are transformed into the dimensionless system by deploying the appropriate transformations. The local nonsimilarity (LNS) approach with MATLAB bvp4c algorithm is executed to solve the dimensionless nonlinear coupled differential system. Results demonstrate that the augmentation in Hartmann number and porosity parameter diminished the velocity profiles of the considered nanofluids. Moreover, maximum temperature profile is noticed for the lamina shaped nanoparticles. Local Nusselt number for considered cases diminishes against the augmented estimations of Richardson number, radiation parameter and nanoparticles shape factor. A comparative study between the current study and previously published results for a specific case is conducted to validate the results, and good agreement is found between them.

Combinatorial Approach to Find Nanoparticle Assemblies with Maximum Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Plasmonic nanoparticles exhibit unique properties that distinguish them from other nanomaterials, including vibrant visible colors, the generation of local electric fields, the production of hot charge carriers, and localized heat emission. These properties are particularly enhanced in the narrow nanogaps formed between nanostructures. Therefore, creating nanogaps in a controlled fashion is the key to achieving a fundamental understanding of plasmonic phenomena originating from the nanogaps and developing advanced nanomaterials with enhanced performance for diverse applications. One of the most effective approaches to creating nanogaps is to assemble individual nanoparticles into a clustered structure. In this study, we present a fast, facile, and highly efficient method for preparing core@satellite (CS) nanoassembly structures using gold nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes, including nanospheres, nanocubes (AuNCs), nanorods, and nanotriangular prisms. The sequential assembly of these building blocks on glass substrates allows us to obtain CS nanostructures with a 100% yield within 4 h. Using 9 different building blocks, we successfully produce 16 distinct CS nanoassemblies and systematically investigate the combinations to search for the highest Raman enhancement. We find that the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensity of AuNC@AuNC CS nanoassemblies is 2 orders of magnitude larger than that of other CS nanoassemblies. Theoretical analyses reveal that the intensity and distribution of the electric field induced in the nanogaps by plasmon excitation, as well as the number of molecules in the interfacial region, collectively contribute to the unprecedentedly large SERS enhancement observed for AuNC@AuNC. This study not only presents a novel assembly method that can be extended to produce many other nanoassemblies but also identifies a highly promising SERS material for sensing and diagnostics through a systematic search process.

Heat transfer characteristics of rectangular/triangular/convex-shaped fins filled with hybrid nanoparticles under dry and wet conditions

Numerous researchers have been interested in nanofluids because of their improved thermal characteristics and heat transmission capabilities. Recently, it has been possible to create a novel nanofluid with exceptional thermal properties by combining ternary nanoparticles of various shapes. In this respect, it is believed that the thickness of the fin will change with the length of the fin and that the impacts of thermal radiation, convection on a heat transfer mechanism, and internal heat production in a fin wetted with ternary hybrid nanofluid will depend on the length of the fin. As a result, several fin profiles, including triangular, convex, and rectangular, have been taken into consideration. This study also investigates the comparison of heat and thermal energy fluctuations in both wet and dry conditions. In order to examine the porous nature, Darcy's model is required. With the aid of the Maple computer program, the resultant nonlinear partial differential equation and boundary conditions are non-dimensionalized and numerically resolved using the implicit finite difference approach, the graphic explanation of fin efficiency, and transient thermal response for different values of the essential parameters. The investigation yielded the novel discovery that the effectiveness of the fins is enhanced by the presence of a ternary hybrid nanofluid. Three fins with varied shapes have been compared in both wet and dry circumstances. The study has discovered that triangular fins have a quicker rate of temperature decline, whereas rectangular fins have a greater efficiency. The investigation's results have a significant impact on improving heat transmission in industrial operations.

ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРОЦЕССА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НАНОСТРУКТУРНОГО ПОЛИКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА НА ОСНОВЕ НАНОАЛМАЗОВ, МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ НЕАЛМАЗНЫМ УГЛЕРОДОМ (ЧАСТЬ 1)

The influence of the size of carbon particles on the parameters of the graphite–diamond phase transformation is considered. It is shown that the surface energy of carbon nanoparticles of various shapes (spherical, columnar) makes a significant contribution to their total thermodynamic potential, which leads to a shift in the diamond–graphite equilibrium curve to the low pressure region and an expansion of the diamond phase stability region. At the same time, the change in the chemical potential (Gibbs free energy) during the direct (not catalytic) transition of thin-film graphite-like nanostructures into diamond will be higher than for “massive” graphite, which leads to an increase in the pressure of phase transformation into diamond. To reduce the parameters of diamond formation and obtain nanostructured diamond polycrystals, it is proposed to use nanodiamond particles with a nanometer surface layer of non-diamond (graphitelike) carbon as the starting material. In this case, the nanodiamond surface will influence the transition of a nanometer layer of graphite (graphite-like carbon) into diamond under more favorable thermodynamic parameters.

Magneto-thermogravitational convective flow and thermal behavior of hybrid nanoliquid in a novel T-shaped wavy chamber considering various shapes of nanoparticles

Magneto-thermogravitational convective flow and thermal behavior of hybrid nanoliquid in a novel T-shaped wavy chamber considering various shapes of nanoparticles

Enhanced thermal conductivity in Ag-H2O nanofluids by nanoparticles of different shapes: Insights from molecular dynamics simulation

The mechanism of thermal conductivity enhancements and influential factors make a lot of sense in the intensive investigation of nanofluids. While numerous studies have explored the effect of solid–liquid interfacial layers on thermal conductivity improvement in water-based nanofluids with diverse applications, investigations into the intrinsic mechanisms underlying interfacial layers in relation to nanoparticle shape remain limited. The thermal conductivity of water-based Ag-H2O nanofluids was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD), with emphasis placed on the shape and volume fraction of nanoparticles. The influence of nanofluid volume fraction on thermal conductivity was revealed through visual analysis of 3D smoothed surface plots, highlighting the positive correlation between thermal properties and increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles. Moreover, the contribution of different shapes of silver nanoparticles to thermal conductivity enhancement demonstrated an increasing trend with the corresponding growth in surface-to-volume ratio (S/V values associated with different particle shapes). For the volume fraction of 1.5%, the minimum thermal conductivity enhancement of 22.75% was observed for the spherical shape, while the maximum thermal conductivity enhancement of 25.51% was achieved with the triple-platelet particles. Importantly, the comprehensive analysis of radial distribution function (RDF) and mean square displacement (MSD) indicated the positive effect of interfacial nanolayers influenced by nanoparticles of various shapes on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of nanoparticle shape on the thermal properties of nanofluids, opening up promising prospects for future molecular dynamics simulations.

Heat and mass transfer with entropy optimization in hybrid nanofluid using heat source and velocity slip: a Hamilton–Crosser approach

The modeling and analysis of hybrid nanofluid has much importance in industrial sector where entropy optimization is the key factor in different processes. This mechanism is also used in medical industry, where it can be used for separation of blood cells (red and white blood cells, platelets and plasma) by centrifuge process, treating cancers, and drug transport. In light of this importance, current study is focused on mathematical modeling and analysis of blood based hybrid nanofluid between rotating disks with various shapes of nanoparticles. The shape factors are taken into account with Hamilton–Crosser model as spherical, brick, cylinder and platelet in the current scenario, with special reference to entropy optimization. In order to solve modeled nonlinear and non-dimensional system, optimal homotopy analysis approach is utilized through Wolfram MATHEMATICA 11.3 software. Error estimation and convergence analysis confirms that obtained semi-analytical solutions are valid and reliable. Velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are analyzed against important fluid parameters. Fluid velocity decreased in all directions when unsteady parameter mathbb {B} and Darcy number Da increased while the slip parameters zeta _{1} and zeta _{2} decreased the nanofluid velocity. It is observed that in case of brick shaped nanoparticles, fluid temperature is enhanced as compared to other shape factors in the study. Minimal entropy generation is captured in case of spherical nanoparticles, while highest heat transfer is observed in platelet shaped nanoparticles. Furthermore, numerical optimization of entropy is performed against different values of hbar and volume fractions varphi _{Rd} and varphi _{Al}. Minimized entropy is recovered to be zero when hbar =-0.6, varphi _{Rd}=2% and varphi _{Al}=1%.

Langmuir-Blodgett-Mediated Formation of Antibacterial Microneedles for Long-Term Transdermal Drug Delivery.

Microneedles (MNs) have become versatile platforms for minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery devices. However, there are concerns about MN-induced skin infections with long-term transdermal administration. Using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, a simple method for depositing antibacterial nanoparticles of various shapes, sizes, and compositions onto MNs is developed. This strategy has merits over conventional dip coating techniques, including controlled coating layers, uniform and high coverage, and a straightforward fabrication process. This provides MNs with a fast-acting and long-lasting antibacterial effect. Thisstudy demonstrates that antibacterial MNs achieve superior bacterial elimination in vitro and in vivo without sacrificing payload capacity, drug release, or mechanical strength. It isbelieved that such a functional nanoparticle coating technique offers a platform for the expansion of MNs function, especially in long-term transdermal drug delivery fields.

Heat Transfer Characteristics on MHD Oscillatory Radiative Nanofluid with H2O/C2H6O2 (Basefluid): A Comparative Study of Different Nanoparticles of Various Shapes

Heat Transfer Characteristics on MHD Oscillatory Radiative Nanofluid with H2O/C2H6O2 (Basefluid): A Comparative Study of Different Nanoparticles of Various Shapes