A novel hybridity model for (Cu-Al2O3-H2O) hybrid nanofluid flow with melting heat transfer, shape factor, and irreversibility analysis: A development on Blasius and Sakiadis problems

Abstract

The mass-based hybrid nanofluid model is applied for the flow over the flat plate with melting heat transfer phenomenon by considering Blasius and Sakiadis problems. Instead of the volumetric concentration of the first and second nanoparticles, the masses of the base fluid and nanoparticles are taken into account. This model is used for the first time to develop the Blasius and Sakiadis problem along with the irreversibility analysis. The nanoparticles of various shapes are also taken for investigation. Appropriate similarity transformations are applied to turn the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. To numerically solve the transformed boundary layer equations, the shooting technique with the Runge Kutta–Felhberg scheme was employed. Copper and alumina nanoparticles of two different sorts have been incorporated into the base fluid. The influence of controlling physical factors on the velocity profile, thermal profile, coefficient of skin friction, and Nusselt number for both the Sakiadis and Blasius flows are graphically investigated. In addition, the fluctuation in the entropy generation as well as Bejan number has been illustrated through graphs. In-depth discussion is given regarding the traits of physical and engineering interest.