Mass-based hybrid nanofluid model for entropy generation analysis of flow upon a convectively-warmed moving wedge

Abstract

In this research, the steady incompressible laminar two-dimensional hybrid nanofluid flow upon a convectively-warmed moving wedge with radiative transition has been studied numerically. The nanoparticles are the magnetite (Fe3O4) and the graphene oxide (GO), in two research parts of spherical and non-spherical (brick, cylinder, platelet, and disk) shapes, suspended in the pure water as base fluid. Three main geometries of the well-known Falkner-Skan problem including: (i) the flat plat (named Blasius flow), (ii) the wedge, and (iii) the vertical plate (named Hiemenz stagnation flow) have been considered to present a comprehensive development of this significant problem. The applied methodology is according to the single-phase Tiwari-Das hybrid nanofluid model considering the masses of nanoparticles and base fluid instead the volume concentration of first and second nanoparticles. For the first time, the mentioned mass-based method will be utilized in combination with the entropy generation analysis. The governing dimensional PDEs are varied to a system of non-dimensional ODEs with the use of similarity transformation technique which is then solved numerically through Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method coupled with a conventional shooting procedure. The effect of the governing parameters on the hybrid nanofluid velocity, the temperature distribution, the skin friction coefficient, the Nusselt number, the entropy generation, and the Bejan number has been investigated and interpreted through the tabular and graphical results. A reliable treatment of the mass-based method for the hybrid nanofluid flow, the heat transfer and especially the entropy analysis is the substantial achievement of the present research; although, the detailed results have been presented and discussed in the article's body. Certainly, new modeling and approaches for the hybrid nanofluid can be dramatically beneficial in the various industries in which the cooling technologies are vital