Various Regions Of China Research Articles

Sustainable Space Travel: What Can We Do in Education from Economic and Environmental Perspectives?

Space travel began in 2001 and became popular in 2021 because of commercial operations. With the development of space technology and commercialization, like re-launchable rockets used to travel to space in recent years, hawse have gradually entered the space era. However, the space industry causes massive emissions, inducing some opposition to its development. It is essential to investigate the attitude of residents toward space travel and balance the pros and cons of sustainability. A quantitative analysis was adopted to test two models based on duality theory. The data were obtained from 284 samples from various regions of China and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that the two-factor model of economic development conflicted with environmental protection. However, study two indicates that educational interventions can facilitate sustainable space travel because they mediate the relationship between economic and environmental factors.

Comprehensive evaluation of the precipitable water vapor products of Fengyun satellites via GNSS data over mainland China

The Chinese meteorological satellites Fengyun (FY) have recently developed rapidly, resulting in a substantial wealth of precipitable water vapor (PWV) products. However, these latest operational PWV products still need to be systematically validated. In this paper, we focus on the PWV products derived from the FY-3D/Medium Resolution Spectral Imager II (MERSI-II), FY-2H/Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR), and FY-4A/Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI), and test their performance by using the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data. We find that FY-4A/AGRI performs best in various regions of China in 2021. Compared to GNSS-PWV, FY-4A/AGRI PWV has a correlation coefficient 0.95, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.67 mm, and a mean deviation (MB) of −0.73 mm, respectively. Significant discrepancies between FY-PWV and GNSS-PWV are observed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (MB: −4.86 mm for FY-2H/VISSR and − 5.12 mm for FY-4A/AGRI) and the Sichuan Basin (MB: 5.52 mm for FY-2H/VISSR, and 3.82 mm FY-4A/AGRI). All FY-PWVs exhibit season-dependent variations, and their discrepancies with GNSS-PWV during winter are smaller than in summer. Finally, we analyze the distribution and changes of water vapor in China from 2019 to 2022 using the preferred FY-4A/AGRI PWV. The results reveal a gradual decrease in the annual mean water vapor content, diminishing by approximately 0.33 mm during this period. Notably, this decrease occurs in southern China, and the water vapor content spikes in summer, culminating at 23.59 mm in 2022. Our findings strongly correlate with the precipitation changes documented in the China Climate Bulletin (2022).

Insights into the genetic variability and evolutionary dynamics of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus in China

BackgroundViral diseases are posing threat to annual production and quality of tobacco in China. Recently, tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) has been reported to infect three major crops including tobacco. Current study was aimed to investigate the population dynamics and molecular diversity of the TSWV. In the current study, to assess and identify the prevalence and evolutionary history of TSWV in tobacco crops in China, full-length genome sequences of TSWV isolates from tobacco, were identified and analyzed.MethodsAfter trimming and validation, sequences of new isolates were submitted to GenBank. We identified the full-length genomes of ten TSWV isolates, infecting tobacco plants from various regions of China. Besides these, six isolates were partially sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to assess the relativeness of newly identified sequences and corresponding sequences from GenBank. Recombination and population dynamics analysis was performed using RDP4, RAT, and statistical estimation. Reassortment analysis was performed using MegaX software.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis of 41 newly identified sequences, depicted that the majority of the Chinese isolates have separate placement in the tree. RDP4 software predicted that RNA M of newly reported isolate YNKM-2 had a recombinant region spanning from 3111 to 3811 bp. The indication of parental sequences (YNKMXD and YNHHKY) from newly identified isolates, revealed the conservation of local TSWV population. Genetic diversity and population dynamics analysis also support the same trend. RNA M was highlighted to be more capable of mutating or evolving as revealed by data obtained from RDP4, RAT, population dynamics, and phylogenetic analyses. Reassortment analysis revealed that it might have happened in L segment of TSWV isolate YNKMXD (reported herein).ConclusionTaken together, this is the first detailed study revealing the pattern of TWSV genetic diversity, and population dynamics helping to better understand the ability of this pathogen to drastically reduce the tobacco production in China. Also, this is a valuable addition to the existing worldwide profile of TSWV, especially in China, where a few studies related to TSWV have been reported including only one complete genome of this virus isolated from tobacco plants.

Regional productivity in the transformation of China’s energy structure –estimation of the restricted cost function

ABSTRACT In this study, energy structure is introduced into the restricted cost function to study the influence of energy structure transformation (EST) on regional productivity. The analysis indicates that: (i) the average annual productivity of various regions in China has a positive growth, with an average annual growth rate of 6.97% and a downward growth trend from 12.15% to 4.13%. Technological progress has the greatest positive contribution to productivity growth, while energy structure and scale effect have slight negative effects. (ii) Further regional empirical analysis reveals a gradient distributions of eastern > central > western area for productivity growth. Although the effect of technological progress in western area is greater than that of eastern and central areas, low energy efficiency has dragged down its productivity growth. (iii) Factor input bias analysis demonstrates that technological progress tends to factor saving, while energy structure adjustment tends to a slight factor using with different preferences in regions. Inspired by the empirical results, strategies for optimizing policies and regional collaboration are proposed from a systematic perspective.

An Empirical Analysis of the Influencing Factors of GDP in Various Regions of China

An Empirical Analysis of the Influencing Factors of GDP in Various Regions of China

Molybdenum Concentration and the Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Nested Case-Control Study - Beijing Municipality, China, 2018-2020.

The level of molybdenum (Mo) in a mother's urine has been linked to the growth rate of the fetus and the blood pressure levels in children. We evaluated the variations in maternal plasma Mo concentrations throughout pregnancy and their potential association with the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB). Future research must determine the Mo levels in pregnant women across various regions in China. Moreover, particular attention needs to be given to the potential increase in Mo concentration throughout pregnancy and its possible adverse impacts on the health of both the mother and the fetus.

Analysis of the Employment Situation of Non Private Enterprises in Various Regions of China

Analysis of the Employment Situation of Non Private Enterprises in Various Regions of China

Evaluation of Regional Carbon Neutrality Efficiency in China

In the context of “3060 Carbon Neutrality”, there will be both theoretical and practical significance to finding out the status quo, laws and key factors about efficiency of carbon neutrality in various regions of China. This paper considers carbon neutrality system as a black-box combining “carbon absorption” with “carbon fixation”. According to these two major functions, we aim to measure efficiency of carbon neutrality among 30 provinces in China by constructing the three-stage DEA model. The results point that there exists obvious regional differentiation of efficiency distribution patterns; Key factors that determine the level of carbon neutralization efficiency mainly include spatial effects, industrial modernization, technological and innovative levels, and natural resources, etc. In summary, this paper provides suggestions and counter measures to promote carbon neutralization efficiency within various regions from two perspectives of regional low-carbon economy and regional linkage development.

Application of Decision Tree and Machine Learning in New Energy Vehicle Maintenance Decision Making

Abstract Several incidents of electric vehicle combustion across various regions in China have brought the safety concerns associated with new energy vehicles into sharp focus within public discourse. Addressing these concerns, this paper explores maintenance decision-making for new energy vehicles through the application of decision trees and machine learning techniques. Initially, the study analyzes how decision trees and machine learning are employed in crafting maintenance decisions for these vehicles. It involves collecting data through internet searches, followed by statistical analyses and preprocessing to set the groundwork for further inquiry. Furthermore, the research advances by developing and refining decision tree models, which facilitate the integration of fault diagnosis and maintenance decision-making processes for new energy vehicles. This effort culminates in the establishment of a robust decision tree model specifically designed for the maintenance of new energy vehicles, which is subsequently evaluated through a detailed case study. The results are presented: the approximation degree of new energy vehicle fault diagnosis based on the decision tree model is 90.58%, 90.67%, 88.09%, 91.28%, and 90.19% at the significant level of α taking the value of 0.01, 0.05, 0.100, respectively. This study provides theoretical guidance on the application of decision trees for the diagnosis and repair of faults in new energy vehicles so that the development of new energy vehicles in China can be ensured.

Chinese consumers’ attribute preference prediction for table grapes

This paper aims to understand intrinsic attribute preferences of Chinese consumers for table grapes, analyze the influencing factors, and build consumer preference prediction models. In this study, 4324 consumers from various regions of China were investigated. We analyzed consumer preferences and the influencing factors. Finally, binary logistic regression was used to construct prediction models of consumers’ intrinsic attribute preferences for table grapes. The results showed that grapes popular with Chinese consumers had fixed characteristics, including moderate size, spherical or near-spherical shape, purple-red color, strawberry flavor, light aroma, soft flesh and juicy, sweet taste, seedlessness, thin skin powder, and easy to peel. The results of the prediction models showed that age, annual consumption of grapes, and other factors of consumers had significant effects on consumer preferences. The prediction models achieved 80% accuracy in predicting consumer preferences for taste, seedless and peeling degrees. Analyzing the latest attribute preferences of Chinese table grapes, consumers can provide on the one hand, breeding direction reference for breeders, and on the other, marketing suggestions for marketers in the table grape industry. This study comprehensively investigated the intrinsic attribute preferences of Chinese table grape consumers, mastered the latest results of consumer preferences, added the indicators of the intrinsic attributes from the perspective of consumer demand, and conducted relatively more complete prediction research on the preferences of Chinese consumers.

Current Situation in Chinas Organ Transplantation Market and Analysis on the Main Allocation Methodologies: Taking Kidney Transplantation as an Example

Organ transplantation is a surgical operation to rescue a patient who has organ failure by implanting the other people's healthy organ into the patients body accordingly to save and prolong the patient's life. This is also one of the focuses of today's researches. Organ transplantation started relatively late in China, but since then, organ transplantation made a great progress in China in just a few years. But in the meanwhile, the organ transplantation market in China still faces various problems. This paper uses a large number of data, such as the number of people waiting for organ transplantation in different countries at different times and the distribution data of qualified organ transplant institutions in various regions of China, to analyze the problems faced by China in organ transplantation. It is found that organ transplantation in China, especially kidney transplantation, faces the problems of large demand gap and regional inequality. To meet these challenges, this paper explains four principles of allocation and then introduces two different allocation mechanisms as a reference for improving organ allocation in China.

Research on the Development of Leisure Agriculture and Rural Tourism and Legal Regulation Issues under the Background of Rural Revitalization

Since the implementation of the strategy for leisure agriculture and rural tourism, various regions in China have shown diverse development trends. Despite this, practical difficulties and legal issues persist. Particularly in the areas of administrative supervision, land transfer, contractual systems, and tort liability, existing laws and regulations still need further improvement for efficient and scientific regulatory management. To promote the healthy growth of rural tourism, the primary task is to strengthen regulatory agency construction and clarify the scope of powers and responsibilities to enhance government supervision. Additionally, the establishment of land transfer systems and clarification of property rights are essential legal measures to regulate land transfer. Furthermore, improving contractual systems and defining tort liability regulations can effectively address issues related to leisure agriculture and rural tourism contracts and tort actions. By studying the shortcomings of the current legal system and proposing solutions, the aim is to achieve robust development in China's rural economy and the implementation of rural revitalization.

Molecular epidemiology and virulence of goose astroviruses genotype-2 with different internal gene sequences.

Goose astrovirus (GAstV) is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. GAstV has rapidly spread across various regions in China since 2016. In Sichuan, out of 113 samples were collected from goose diseases between 2019 and 2022, 97 were positive for GAstV through PCR testing. Remarkably, over the past three years, GAstV outbreak in Sichuan has accounted for an astonishing 85.8% of all goose-origin viruses. Among these cases, 63.9% had single GAstV infections, 29.9% had dual infections, and 6.2% had quadruple infections. To comprehend the variations in virulence among distinct strains of GAstV. 12 representative strains of single GAstV infections were isolated. These strains exhibited distinct characteristics, such as prominent white urate depositions in organs and joints, as well as extensive tissues phagocytosis in major target organs' tissues. The conserved ORF1b genes and the variable ORF2 genes of these representative GAstV strains were sequenced, enabling the establishment of phylogenetic trees for GAstV. All GAstV strains were identified as belonging to genotype-2 with varying internal gene sequences. Experiments were conducted on GAstV genotype-2, both in vivo and in vitro, revealed significant variations in pathogenicity and virulence across susceptible cells, embryos, and goslings. This comprehensive study enhances researchers' understanding of the transmission characteristics and virulence of GAstV genotype-2, aiding in a better comprehension of their molecular epidemiology and pathogenic mechanism.

How Does Digital Finance Promote Regional Economic Growth?

The development of digital finance has important practical significance for regional economic growth. This article is based on the Digital Inclusive Finance Index developed by Peking University to study the impact of digital finance on economic growth in various regions of China, and uses the internet penetration rate at each provincial level as a tool variable to alleviate endogeneity issues in the model. Research has found that digital finance has a significant promoting effect on regional economic growth, and all three dimensions of digital finance have a positive impact on economic growth; Digital finance has shown some differences in the eastern, central, and western regions of China, with overall positive impacts, but its impact on economic growth in the eastern region is greater. This article provides an empirical basis for the development of digital finance in China, and provides a robustness analysis of digital finance promoting regional economic growth. Based on the current situation of digital finance development in China and the conclusions drawn in this article, it is believed that the construction of regional financial infrastructure should be accelerated, and the government should provide more financial resources for the central and western regions of China to narrow regional disparities, In order to better achieve the driving effect of digital finance on economic growth and regional coordinated development.

Predicting the Potential Distribution of Oxalis debilis Kunth, an Invasive Species in China with a Maximum Entropy Model

Oxalis debilis Kunth, an invasive plant native to South America, has already spread extensively throughout various regions in China including West China, East China, Central China, and South China. It poses a certain degree of damage to the local ecosystem and demonstrates significant invasive potential. Utilizing distribution information along with environmental variables such as bioclimate, soil factors, elevation, and UV-B radiation, the MaxEnt model combined with ArcGIS was employed to forecast the potential distribution of O. debilis in China. The ROC curve was employed to assess the accuracy of the model, while the jackknife test was utilized to identify dominant environmental variables and determine their optimal values. The simulated AUC value was 0.946 ± 0.004, and the predicted results exhibited a remarkable concordance with the actual outcomes, thereby indicating that the Maxent model demonstrated a high level of confidence in its predictive capabilities. The potential distribution of O. debilis in China spanned 18,914,237 km2, accounting for 19.70% of the total land area. This distribution was primarily observed in East, Central, and South China, with Guangdong, Guangxi, and Guizhou being identified as highly suitable habitats for O. debilis. Furthermore, it was observed that the distribution of O. debilis is primarily influenced by environmental variables such as the precipitation of the driest month, the monthly diurnal range, the mean temperature of the wettest quarter, and the isothermality. The findings can serve as a valuable point of reference for the prevention and monitoring of O. debilis spread, thereby contributing to the protection of China’s agricultural, forestry, and ecological environments. It is imperative to acknowledge the hazards associated with O. debilis, closely monitor its invasion, and prevent uncontrolled dissemination.

Feminization Phenomenon of Guanyin: The Gender Transformation of Religious Icon in Song Dynasty

Guanyin, the Bodhisattva of Compassion, holds an esteemed and irreplaceable position within Mahayana Buddhism. The belief in Guanyin has flourished across various regions of China, becoming deeply entrenched in the religious and cultural fabric of the country. Throughout history, the image of Guanyin has undergone a significant transformation, evolving from a male representation to a revered female deity. This article aims to delve into the period spanning the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, in order to unravel the origins of Guanyins gender and analyze the profound aesthetic implications associated with the shifts in Guanyins depiction over time. By scrutinizing the fusion and compromise of the Buddhist notion of equality from its Indian roots and its subsequent integration into Han China, alongside the prevalent Confucian belief in male superiority and female inferiority, the article seeks to illuminate the social and philosophical underpinnings behind the widespread acceptance of the female Guanyin during the Song Dynasty.

Cultural Differences in Chinese-English Translation in Tourism

With the continuous enhancement of China's influence in the world, more and more foreign tourists come to various regions of China for tourism, but due to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures, there are still some problems in Chinese-English translation in tourism that need to be effectively handled. The cultural differences in Chinese-English translation in tourism are analyzed, and the impact of these cultural differences on translation is discussed, and then the treatment of in Chinese-English translation in tourism is proposed for the reference of relevant personnel.

Development of Self-Sustaining Improvement Material for a Mud Film of the Weathered Soil of Red Beds

Red beds are widely distributed in various regions of China. Adapting measures to adjust to local conditions and using nearby materials to ecologically protect slopes, mines, and other engineering projects are methods advocated by environmental protection. A mud film of the weathered soil of red beds with improved materials for insulation and entropy preservation is commonly used in engineering ecological protection, and its self-sustainability is an important indicator with which to measure the protective effect; however, most of the commonly used improvement materials in production have high concentrations of chemical substances and high costs, causing environmental pollution. In response to this issue, this study has developed four new composite improved materials using waste paper as raw material. The low temperature resistance (−20 °C, 0 °C), high temperature resistance (40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C), and recyclability (dry and wet cycle: zero, one, two, and three times) of the four materials were tested. Under the conditions of changing the addition amounts of four new self-developed composite materials (0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g, 50 g, 60 g, 70 g, 80 g, 90 g, and 100 g), experiments were conducted on the thin-layer property, corrosion resistance, and flexibility of the mud film of weathered soil of red beds, and they were compared with conventional materials studied by the team in the early stage. At the same time, outdoor on-site testing was conducted. The experimental results indicate that the self-developed new composite improvement material has a good improvement effect on the self-sustainability and ecological protection effect of the mud film of weathered soil of red beds. This article summarizes the improvement mechanism and control factors of self-developed new composite materials in the self-sustainability of the mud film of the weathered soil of red beds, improves the suitability of engineering ecological protection, and develops green and low-cost engineering ecological protection technology.

What impacts do green bonds have on carbon emissions and how? A dynamic spatial perspective in China.

Green bonds are adopted to exclusively finance or refinance green projects and thus is an important policy instrument for sustainable development. The development of these eco-friendly projects benefits the reduction of carbon emission. What impacts do green bonds have on carbon emission intensity and how? This issue needs to be revealed, including the dynamic spatial interactive rules and regional heterogeneity. This is especially true for China, with its vast territory and a short history of green bonds. Different with existing literature, this paper collects the data of the amount of green bond issued in each province in China rather than the policy dummy variable of green bond. The spatio-temporal interactions of both the impact of green bonds and the related mechanisms are studied. A dynamic spatial Durbin model (DSDM) combined with a STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) model reveals the negative impacts of green bonds on carbon emissions and the spatio-temporal interactions. On this basis, the mediation model is introduced to clarify the three impact mechanisms of green bonds and find the predominant role of technology mechanism. In addition, different characteristics in spatial interactive rules and impact mechanisms of green bonds are found in various regions of China. Finally, the study proposes some policy recommendations on how to effectively reduce carbon emissions with green bonds.

What is the applicability of clean production technologies for maize as a countermeasure to reduce on-farm CO2 emissions and increase crop productivity?

Agricultural production activities are the second-largest source of greenhouse gas emissions and one of the most significant sources of carbon emissions. The development of cleaner production in agriculture has become inevitable, focusing on the conservation of the ecological environment quality of the agroecological regions while maintaining sustained, stable, high productivity. Most previous studies failed to examine the quantitative effects of cleaner production methods on agricultural yields and CO2 emissions, focusing instead on the development of standardized technical frameworks and systems for cleaner production. Herein, a meta-analysis was used to evaluate the effects of fertilizer reduction and replacement, integrated straw usage, and water-saving irrigation methods on CO2 emissions and productivity of maize fields. We studied the practical applicability of cleaner production technologies in various regions of China to examine new models of cleaner production for maize cultivation. Our results show that the relationship between the adoption of maize cleaner production technologies and carbon reduction and yield increase is non-linear and influenced by many factors. Fertilizer reduction and substitution technology had the greatest effect on suppressing CO2 emissions from maize fields (−356%), while integrated straw usage technology brought about higher CO2 emissions from fields (434%) due to the return method and soil temperature. The adoption of both integrated straw usage technology (132%) and water-saving irrigation technology significantly increased maize productivity, with water-saving irrigation technology differentiating between the specific environment in which the technology was applied (90% for traditional irrigation and 229% for rainfed planting), and fertilizer reduction and substitution technology having no significant effect on changes in maize productivity. Combined with the practical applicability of cleaner production sub-technologies in maize cultivation, we identified the optimal maize cleaner production model as organic fertilizer substitution technology (proportion <50%) + straw charcoal return technology + sub-film drip irrigation technology (rainfed)/subsurface drip irrigation technology (traditional irrigation).