Various Parts Of Plant Research Articles

The Effect of Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality in the Elderly at Rindang Asih I Nursing Home in Semarang

Sleep disorders or insomnia is one of the disorders that frequently occurs in the elderly. The treatment that can be given for sleep disorders that occur in the elderly is aromatherapy. Aromatherapy is a treatment technique using the aroma of essential oils resulting from the distillation process of various parts of plants, flowers and trees that contain therapeutic properties. Aromatherapy can provide stimulation to the olfactory cortex which stimulates the brain and impulses reach the limbic system, thereby affecting mood. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-posttest design. The population in this study were all elderly people in the Rindang Asih I Nursing Home in Semarang. The results of the Friedman effect test in this study with a p-value = 0.000. The administration of aromatherapy had an effect on the sleep quality of the elderly in the Rindang Asih I Nursing Home in Semarang.

The Effect of Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality in the Elderly at Rindang Asih I Nursing Home in Semarang

Sleep disorders or insomnia is one of the disorders that frequently occurs in the elderly. The treatment that can be given for sleep disorders that occur in the elderly is aromatherapy. Aromatherapy is a treatment technique using the aroma of essential oils resulting from the distillation process of various parts of plants, flowers and trees that contain therapeutic properties. Aromatherapy can provide stimulation to the olfactory cortex which stimulates the brain and impulses reach the limbic system, thereby affecting mood. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-posttest design. The population in this study were all elderly people in the Rindang Asih I Nursing Home in Semarang. The results of the Friedman effect test in this study with a p-value = 0.000. The administration of aromatherapy had an effect on the sleep quality of the elderly in the Rindang Asih I Nursing Home in Semarang.

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Adaptation Mechanisms of Bean Bug Riptortus pedestris to Different Food Resources.

The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), poses a significant threat to soybean production, resulting in substantial crop losses. Throughout the soybean cultivation period, these insects probe and suck on various parts of plants, including leaves, pods, and beans. However, the specific mechanisms by which they adapt to different food resources remain unknown. In this study, we conducted gut transcriptomic analyses of R. pedestris fed with soybean leaves, pods, and beans. A total of 798, 690, and 548 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were monitored in G-pod vs. G-leaf (comparison of insect feeding on pods and leaves), G-bean vs. G-leaf (comparison of insect feeding on beans and leaves), and G-pod vs. G-bean (comparison of insect feeding on pods and beans), respectively. When fed on pods and beans, there was a significant increase in the expression of digestive enzymes, particularly cathepsins, serine proteases, and lipases. Conversely, when soybean leaves were consumed, detoxification enzymes, such as ABC transporters and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, exhibited higher expression. Our findings indicate that R. pedestris dynamically regulates different metabolic pathways to cope with varying food resources, which may contribute to the development of effective strategies for managing this pest.

Review of the Biological Activity of Rutin: Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Antitumor

Various parts of plants have long been widely used for the treatment and prevention of diseases. They are a valuable source of biologically active compounds, especially they are rich in polyphenolic structures. Rutin belongs to the group of some of the most common flavonoids in plant objects. Animal organisms do not have enzyme systems for its synthesis, so it enters the human body only with plant food. Rutin is widely used as a component in herbal medicines, multivitamin preparations, in the cosmetology, food and chemical industries. This article discusses the biological activity of rutin, namely antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity. The article summarizes the current data on the above-mentioned types of biological activity. It follows from the presented research results that rutin is a promising compound with multi-target activity for the treatment of various diseases. It can serve as a basis for the creation of new highly effective pharmacological molecules based on it.

An Ethnobotanical and Phyto-Pharmacological Review on a Multifaceted Ornate Flowering Plant ‘Thunbergia erecta’

Abstract: Thunbergia erecta (Benth) T.Anderson (Meyenia erecta Benth) is an important therapeutic and medicinal plant belonging to the family Acanthaceae. Commonly called bush clock vine, king's mantel, potato bush, Nil Kantha, which is native to western Africa but commonly cultivated in India and other Asian countries. The species is commonly grown as an ornamental plant due to its bright flowers and is cultivated widely in the tropics. It is a decent source of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, iridoids, and glucosides. Traditionally, it is used for treating bile disorders, insomnia, and depression, as a medicine given to children against worms and as an ingredient of headache poultice. The studies encompassed in this review have been designated using numerous databases, including Google Scholar, Pubmed, Wiley, Online Library, and Science Direct and covered the period from 1863 onwards. Several studies demonstrated the exploration of the pharmacological potential of various parts of plants for anthelminthic, anxiolytic, sedative, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticholinesterases and antiaging agents. The Thunbergia erecta plants possess potential pharmacological activity. The objective of the current review article is to put forward all relevant published information regarding ethnobotanical studies, traditional uses, phytochemistry and therapeutic potential, and other adequate background information on T. erecta that will contribute to establishing the validity of the plant for its commercial usage.

The Effects of Different Extraction Methods and Solvents on Antioxidant Properties of Propolis

Propolis is a complex sticky substance produced by the honey bees (Apis mellifera) from the resinous materials they collect from various parts of plant and used by the bees to defend their hives from pathogenic microorganisms. This research aimed to compare the antioxidant properties of propolis extracts produced by using different solvents and extraction methods. The method used in the extraction stage is of great importance as the amount and quality of the bioactive components in the final product are directly affected by the extraction method applied. To obtain propolis extracts, both classical and ultrasonic extraction methods were used with distilled water and 20% propylene glycol-distilled water as solvents. Folin-Ciocalteau method was used to record the total phenolic content of propolis extracts. In this study, to measure the antioxidant activity of extracts, three methods were used that are FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS. Moreover, the aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for total flavonoid content analysis. According to analysis, brix values recorded between 14.90-27.50 for classic method and 14.40-16.50 for ultrasonic method. The total phenolic content calculated as 721.31-14419.46 mg GAE/L for classic method, and 1212.32-33621.70 mg GAE/L in ultrasonic method. Also, the total amount of flavonoid content was measured as 1137.52-24884.70 mg QE/L extract in ultrasonic method, and 2144.77-74021.42 mg QE/L extract in classic method. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the samples were calculated as 0.46-15.21 IC50 µl/ml in classic method, and 1.36-31.86 IC50 µl/ml in ultrasonic method, ABTS+ values changed from 0.09-2.71 IC50 µl/ml in classic method, and 0.21-4.64 IC50 µl/ml in ultrasonic method, and FRAP values measured between 29.22-639.43 µM TE/g in ultrasonic method, and 54.72-1783.02 µM TE/g in classic method. More studies and analysis are needed to investigate the effects of solvents and extraction methods on propolis extracts, as well as on the antioxidant properties of these extracts.

Anatomical study of Glossocardia bosvallia (L.f.) DC. (Asteraceae)

The investigated medicinally and ethno-medicinally very important taxon endemic to the Western Ghats of India. This taxon belonging to the medicinally rich sources of Asteraceae plant family. The various medicinally important components deposited in various parts of plant. The current investigation was completed to find the anatomical characters of Glossocardia bosvallia. The G. bosvalliaan endemic taxa to India, were a major plant population distributed in the Western Ghats of India.The plant shows distinct anatomical characters of stem and root. It shows the presence of resin oil cavities and large solitary calcium crystals in the region of the cortex of the stem and root of G. bosvallia. During the study of G. bosvalliawe noted different anatomical attributes transverse section of the stem and root, were as epidermis layer, cortex, sclereids, cork, vascular bundle, phloem cell layer, phloem medullary rays, xylem medullary rays, xylem vessels, arc vascular bundle, and pitted type parenchyma. This taxon's anatomical study has yet to be studied by a single researcher. The various plant parts have some medicinally important depositions that will be used in the future to cure diseases or abnormalities. G. bosvallia species has a prominent ethnomedicinal plant used for treatments of various illnesses and irregularities such as throat infection, hoarseness of throat, alcohol addiction, anti-fertility action, and bacillary dysentery, anthelmintic, cure bloat, swelling, pains, sores, wounds, emmenagogue, and gynecological disorders.

<i>In vivo</i> anthelmintic efficacy of some plant species of the family Compositae Cisece

The purpose of the researchis to study the anthelmintic efficacy of decoctions of various parts of plants, as well as granules and essential oils of plants of the speciesİnula heleniumL.,Cichorium intybusL.,Arctium lappaL. andHelichrysum araxiniumTaxt ex Kirp of the family Compositae Cisece in the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan.Materials and methods. Herbal preparations were tested on sheep spontaneously infected with gastrointestinal Strongylates. Decoctions of various parts of plants, as well as prepared granules and herbal essential oils were administered to the experimental animals in different doses. Sheep of the control group did not receive the drug. After the administration of the drugs, the condition of the animals was recorded. The drug efficacy was recorded at 5 days based on coproovoscopy results.Results and discussion. The decoctions of the tested plant species were found to have a high anthelmintic effect against nematodes parasitizing in the digestive tract of sheep. The efficacy of the decoctions prepared from roots and aerial parts of plants of the speciesI. heleniumwas 72–78%, the decoction efficacy from roots and aerial parts of the speciesC. Intybuswas 70–76%, the decoction efficacy from roots and aerial parts of the speciesA. lappawas 69–71%, and the decoction efficacy from the aerial parts part of plants of the speciesH. araxiniumwas 74.6%. The anthelmintic effect of essential oils in the experiment was higher and reached 86.7 % fromI. helenium, 85.1% fromC. intybus, 80.8 % fromA. lappa, and 83.5% fromH. araxinium. The anthelmintic efficacy of the decoction fromI. heleniummixed withC. intybusprepared from the aerial parts of plants was 72.4%, the decoction efficacy fromH. araxiniummixed withA. lappawas 65.1, and the efficacy of the flour mixture from the roots ofI. helenium,A. lappaandC. intybuswas 71.9%.

The use of needles as a phytobiotics in animal nutrition and aquaculture

Relevance. The problem of infections resistant to antibiotics has led to a complete or partial abandonment of the use of antibiotics in agriculture as growth promoters. To improve the functions of the rumen microflora, digestive processes, increase bioavailability and utilization of nutrients, biologically active substances from various parts of plants are used, in particular phytobiotics contained in coniferous needles and their processing products. Coniferous needles are a by-product of logging and are recycled, which makes their cheap acquisition recommendable for use as a vitamin feed in poultry and livestock farming. The chemical composition of coniferous needles is represented by a wide range of minerals, biologically active organic compounds with high activity that affect the synthesis and action of vitamins and increase the activity of hormones in the body of animals and birds. Coniferous needles are rich in carotenoids, ascorbic acid, B vitamins, alpha-tocopherol, natural phenolic compounds, carboxylic acids, polyphenols, fatty acids and their derivatives. This stimulates the production of endogenous enzymes, immune, antibacterial, anthelmintic activity and antioxidant properties. Digestibility and availability of nutrients in feed are improved. Fresh coniferous needles are widely used in feeding animals, birds, as well as aquaculture in the form of flour, pastes, aqueous infusions, energy supplements — phytoncidal multivitamin preparations.

Anthocyanins as Natural Plant-derived Antifungal Agents

Anthocyanins are polyphenolic compounds found as natural pigments in various parts of plants that share the same diphenyl propane skeleton (C6C3C6) and are collectively known as flavonoids. They are water-soluble pigments responsible for the blue, purple, and red color of various plant parts and are particularly abundant in fruits, flowers, and vegetables. These pigments are natural colorants that are low to non-toxic. They also show antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and food preservative properties. This study aims to perform in vitro analysis of the antifungal activity of anthocyanins extracted from different plant materials. Anthocyanins were extracted in acetone and acidified methanol. For qualitative determination of anthocyanins, thin layer chromatography was used whereas for quantitative determination pH differential method was used. The antifungal potential of anthocyanins was determined using the MIC and agar well diffusion methods against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. Acetone extract exhibited higher antifungal potential compared to acidified methanol extract against both fungal strains. It is suggested that anthocyanins, being strong antifungal agents, can be used to prevent fungal spoilage and deterioration of processed foods.

Impacts on gut microbiota of rats with high-fat diet supplemented by herbs of Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Salvia officinalis

Medicinal plants are used in traditional, folk medicine and veterinary practice to treat and prevent exacerbations of chronic diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, respiratory and digestive organs, liver, bile ducts, kidneys, urinary tract, to regulate metabolism and to boost immunity, etc. The therapeutic effect on the body is exerted by biologically active substances (alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, essential oils, and others) that are present in various parts of plants. Understanding the issue of interaction between the intestinal microbiota and drugs based on medicinal plants will contribute to the development of treatment protocols for various diseases, including chronic ones, by the normalization of impaired functions due to plant origin substances. In this study, we determined the effect of Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Salvia officinalis on the intestinal microbiota of white rats fed a high-fat diet. The addition of 5% crushed young dry shoots of S. officinalis, L. angustifolia, M. officinalis to the high-fat diet of laboratory rats significantly changed the quantitative ratio of Escherichia coli with normal and altered enzymatic properties in the intestinal content. The number of typical E. coli in rats fed with S. officinalis and L. angustifolia decreased by 1.7 and 1.6 times; non-lactose fermenting form of E. coli, on the contrary, increased by 1.8–2.1 times in rats fed with any of the medicinal plants compared to the control. Amid the addition of medicinal plants to the diet, it was not possible to isolate opportunistic enterobacteria of the genus Citrobacter, however, an increase in the number of the genus Candida fungi was observed.

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF PADDY LEAF DISEASES USING ADVANCED COMPUTER VISION TECHNOLOGIES

Food is required for human survival. Paddy is a vital food crop serving 60% of the Indian population. Food quality is determined by the plant yield. Unfavorable environmental circumstances, soil fertility, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, fertilizer use, and the absence of nutritional shortages substantially influence plant yield. As a result, it is critical to protect the plants from illness. Crop yield must be improved to meet food scarcity of growing population. Although disease symptoms are apparent in various parts of plant like leaves, stem, fruits and stem, the infections are commonly observed in the leaves. Understanding plant pathology plays a vital role in disease detection. Early detection of diseases is a prompt intervention that aids the farmers in controlling disease spread, resulting in increased agricultural quantity and quality. Image processing techniques with advanced computer vision technologies like machine learning and deep learning have proven the automation of plant disease diagnosis precisely. The main objectives of this research are to investigate computer vision technologies for the early identification of plant diseases and help novice researchers in the same domain learn about plant diseases and the methodologies for disease detection in paddy plant leaves. Consequently this manuscript reviews significant paddy plant infections, highlights related study of tools and techniques, current research, limitations and conclusions for future research in this field.

Synthesis novel flavone from vanillin

Flavone compounds present as secondary metabolites in many plants have beneficial phytochemical activity. Isolation of flavones from various parts of plants has been widely carried out, but the synthesis pathway is another way to obtain higher yields. This research aimed to synthesize flavone compounds from vanillin and 2-hydroxyacetophenone through chalcone intermediates to produce a 74% yield using an iodide catalyst. This new flavone compound has been used as a chemosensor to detect anions

Exogenous application of trehalose minimizes cadmium toxicity and alleviates oxidative stress in wheat under cadmium stress

Practical and cost-effective food safety and production methods are essential, as huge areas of arable land are contaminated through heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd) pollution worldwide. This study was performed to assess impacts of dissimilar doses of trehalose (Tre) (0, 25, 50 mM) as foliar spray on wheat plants grown under different Cd stress levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg), considering different growth, photosynthetic attributes and antioxidative defense mechanism in relation with the uptake of Cd to different plant parts. A considerable reduction was detected in growth, biomass, and chlorophyll contents under Cd stress linked with boosted lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage (EL), and the uptake of Cd uptake to various parts of plants. Foliar-applied Tre enhanced the hostile possessions of Cd on all studied growing, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange attributes associated with reduced lipid peroxidation due to improved antioxidative defense mechanism and reduced Cd uptake to many parts of plant, as well as in grains. Foliar application of Tre reduced the uptake of Cd by 31% in roots, 33% in shoots, and 41% in grains as compared with respective control plants. The study findings propose Tre as a possible contender in reducing Cd stress in wheat with better growth by improving the physiobiochemical and antioxidative mechanisms and maintained better grain quality due to reduced accumulation of Cd that will help to reduce the Cd toxicity in wheat consumers.

Eco-Printing: Domestic technique of textile printing using the leaves of Rose Indica

Clothing is one of the basic needs of human being; it has many functions like protection, identification, modesty, status and adornment. Human beings always loved to adorn their body and clothes by various techniques of value addition. Printing their clothes with colours are one of them. There are many printing techniques which can be used to print the clothes at domestic level like block printing, screen printing, stencil printing, hand printing etc. One of the latest techniques is eco printing. It is a technique of printing clothes by putting various parts of plants into the layers of fabric and steaming them for specific time period. Rose Indica (Rose flower) have many medicinal property, petal of rose flower is used in various edible and cosmetic products, but almost in all cases the leaves of this plant is discarded. In this experimental study an effort has been made to develop botanic print of rose leaves on silk and cotton fabric, standardizing the process and testing the colourfastness of the prints. Developed prints were tested for colourfastness to washing, dry cleaning, perspiration, rubbing, and sunlight exposure by following various ISO and AATCC standards, as no harmful chemicals were used, the developed products are also considered as eco-friendly. Results shows that the rose leaves printed cotton fabric develop clear print on fabric with bright colours; it also produces excellent colour fastness to washing, perspiration, dry cleaning and crocking but it exhibit poor colourfastness to exposure to sunlight.

Exogenous Application of Ascorbic Acid to Induce Tolerance Against Salt Stress in Common Bean Plants

Common beans have an important place in the world due to its high nutritional values in the human diet and with the largest cropping area among the legumes. Besides, they are named as quite sensitive to salt stress. Salinity is one of the utmost abiotic stress factors limiting agricultural production, which affects plant growth and development at different levels. Lately, exogenous applications of signalling and/or protective molecules to various parts of plants are used to combat salt stress before or at the time of stress. In this context, this research was conducted to assess the influence of foliar-applied ascorbic acid (AsA) on electrolyte leakage (EL), activity of antioxidative enzymes, total protein (TSP) content and protein profiles in the two common bean genotypes (salt-sensitive “Local Genotype” and salt-tolerant “Şeker Fasulye”) at early growth stage under salinity (0, 50, 100, 150 mM NaCl). The genotypes were exposed to salt stress from fully developed true leaf at the third nodes emerged stage for two weeks, meanwhile 3 mM AsA was foliar-applied every three days. Salt stress increased EL in both genotypes and exogenous AsA application decreased EL value especially in “Local Genotype”. Foliar-applied AsA generally reduced the adverse effects of NaCl on AsA content of both genotypes. Exogenous AsA application also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the salt-stressed common bean plants and did not play a role in the TSP content. However, it has been determined that SDS-PAGE protein profiles represent adaptive mechanisms for dealing with excess salt in common bean genotypes. The results suggested that foliar-applied AsA was effective in reducing the adverse effects of salinity especially in relatively salt sensitive common bean genotype.

A Review on : Plant Based Antioxidant

Plants produce a lot of antioxidants to control the oxidative stress caused by sunbeams and oxygen, they can represent a source of new compounds with antioxidant activity.Antioxidants are the group of neutraceuical parameters which works on regulate the prevent oxidative damage of body cause due to free radicals. Natural antioxidants play an important role scavenge harmful free radicals from our body obtained naturally from plants .they are present in various parts of plants as Ascorbic acid , vitamin E , and phenolic compounds .Antioxidants exert their mode of action by suppressing the formation of reactive oxygen species either by inhibition of enzymes or by chelating trace elements. Free radicals are the chemical species that have an unpaired electron and play very important role in human health and beneficial in combating against several diseases like cardiovascular disorders, lung damage, inflammation etc. These can damage cell membranes and other vital cell components, such as genetic material in the cell nucleus, and can inactivate enzymes. Damage to body cells and molecules by oxygen containing free radicals has been implicated in a wide variety of diseases. DPPH is widely used to evaluate the free radical scavenging effect of natural antioxidant. Antioxidants in different parts of plants such as ascorbic acid, vitamin E and phenolic compounds possess the ability to reduce the oxidative damage associated with many diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cataracts, atherosclerosis, diabetes, arthritis, immune deficiency diseases and ageing.

A Critical Appraisal of the Most Recent Investigations on the Hepatoprotective Action of Brazilian Plants.

Conventional treatments for liver diseases are often burdened by side effects caused by chemicals. For minimizing this problem, the search for medicines based on natural products has increased. The objective of this review was to collect data on the potential hepatoprotective activity of plants of the Brazilian native flora. Special attention was given to the modes of extraction, activity indicators, and identification of the active compounds. The databases were Science direct, Pubmed, and Google Academic. Inclusion criteria were: (a) plants native to Brazil; (b) studies carried out during the last 15 years; (c) high-quality research. A fair number of communications met these criteria. Various parts of plants can be used, e.g., fruit peels, seeds, stem barks, and leaves. An outstanding characteristic of the active extracts is that they were mostly obtained from plant parts with low commercial potential, i.e., by-products or bio-residues. The hepatoprotective activities are exerted by constituents such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamin C, phytosterols, and fructose poly- and oligosaccharides. Several Brazilian plants present excellent perspectives for the obtainment of hepatoprotective formulations. Very important is the economical perspective for the rural producers which may eventually increase their revenue by selling increasingly valued raw materials which otherwise would be wasted.

352 Awardee Talk: Opportunities for Antioxidants and Plant-Derived Polyphenols to Improve Ruminant Health and Productivity

Abstract Plants have been used throughout history for their medicinal properties. This use has often focused on human health but plants have also been applied in animal health management and methane mitigation. Recent interest has focused on the extraction and concentration of plant bioactives for use as dietary additives, in particular as essential oils, polyphenols or antioxidants. Recent research has demonstrated that dietary antioxidants can reduce the impact of heat stress (HS) and other stressors on oxidative stress (OS). However, delivery of antioxidant supplements in extensive grazing systems is problematic and so efforts have been directed at providing antioxidant activity using forage crops high in antioxidants and polyphenols. Polyphenols are a group of compounds with antioxidant properties that can be found in various parts of plants including seeds, roots, leaves and flowers. Polyphenols have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that prevent OS by reducing production of reactive oxygen species. For example, sugar cane-derived polyphenols reduce OS and improve growth performance in chickens. Also, polyphenols can act as hormones and growth regulators and enzyme modulators. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of dietary antioxidants on HS in ruminants and the potential of plant-derived polyphenols to deliver similar benefits.

Phytochemistry and nutraceutical properties of Carica papaya (Linn.): A review

Nutraceuticals derived from a medicinal plant having therapeutic significance are a gift to mankind to acquire healthy life. Carica papaya Linn. (aricaceae) commonly known as papaya. It is a significant fruit tree and is found in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The extract from various parts of plant especially fruit and leaves contains many phytonutrients viz; vitamin A, B1, and vitamin C, calcium hydrate charcoal, phosphorus, iron, protein as well as some endopeptidases like namely papain, glycyl endopeptidase, chymopapain, and caricain. The extract of this plant is identified to be efficacious against diversified ailments like malaria, inflammation, digestive disorder, Microbes, Fungi, and many infectious disorders. Its prophylactic and therapeutic values enhance immunity and ensure a healthier life. Each part of this plant has its nutraceutical properties.Keywords: Nutraceuticals, Carica papaya, Papain, Caricain, Chymopapain