Various Methods Of Prevention Research Articles

Study of the effectiveness of the experimental model of immobilization contractures in rats

Immobilization contractures are a common complication that can arise following prolonged immobilization of a joint or limb. They occur due to a combination of factors, including muscle atrophy, joint stiffness, and tissue adhesions. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of the experimental model of immobilization contractures in rats. The experimental study was conducted on 21 non-linear white male rats aged 6 months. We used 4-week plaster immobilization to evaluate the severity of changes in the knee joints of experimental rats. The immobilization and post-immobilization period in our study lasted 4 weeks each. Every week, the angles of extension and flexion, range of motion and severity of contracture were measured. During the period of immobilization, there was a progressive impairment of the function of the immobilized knee joints of all experimental animals. Thus, at the end of the 4th week of immobilization, the limits of flexion and extension on the immobilized limb gained high statistical significance in comparison with both the opposite intact limb and with 1st week of immobilization. In the post-immobilization period (from the 5th to the 8th week of the study), a progressive recovery of the studied indicators was observed. The indicators of extension and flexion of the limbs after immobilization were significantly differed from the initial values, but were also significantly better than the values at the end of the immobilization period. As for the range of motion, this indicator for both limbs was significantly higher than the values at 4th week of the study, but was also significantly lower than the initial values. Limitation of movements after immobilization was statistically significant both when compared with the opposite limb and when compared with baseline and 4th week of immobilization data. Experimental model of 4-weeks plaster immobilization of the knee joint allows to create a persistent pronounced limitation of movements and can be used for further study of various methods of prevention and treatment of immobilization contractures. Keywords: knee joint; immobilization contractures; experiment; rats.

Endometriosis, hormonal therapy and oncological risks

Endometriosis is now considered as benign disease. However, a correlation was found between endometriosis and several types of cancer. Endometriomas are found in 17–44% of patients with endometriosis and can be frequent precursors of ovarian cancer (endometrioid and clear cell ovarian tumors are more common). This process can be realized through several mechanisms: predominance of certain cytokines, oxidative stress and local hyperestrogenia, genetic mutations including PTEN, PIK3CA, ARID1A, Wnt/β-catenin, microsatellite instability, Src and KRAS.There are no generally accepted approaches to non-invasive early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, especially in borderline tumors and early stages of malignancy. The lack of accurate screening programs for ovarian cancer emphasizes the importance of identifying high-risk, moderate-risk, and low-risk groups. Screening is not recommended in the general population in the low-risk group. Annual CA125 evaluation and transvaginal pelvic ultrasound with general and special gynecological examination are recommended in the moderate-risk group in postmenopause. Transvaginal ultrasound of the pelvic organs with CA125 evaluation is performed every 6 months in the high-risk group, starting from 30 years or 5–10 years before the youngest age of ovarian cancer onset in relatives. The main method of diagnosing tumors is expert ultrasound of the pelvic organs (simultaneously with transabdominal ultrasound). The main tumor markers are CA125 (single evaluation has low diagnostic value), risk malignancy index (RMI) and HE4.Clinical trials are going on and various methods of prevention, screening and treatment of these diseases are being developed. Probably, dienogest can help to solve the problem. Existing results of research are promising, but insufficient since they show both the positive effects of progestin therapy and minor cases of cancer detection during therapy that are not related to the use of progestins, but probably indicate unknown mechanisms of transformation in endometriosis.

Technique for Spleen Resection Using Radiofrequency Ablation

From modern positions, removal of the spleen is undesirable due to the risk of post-splenectomy syndrome development, where first of all, the clinical manifestations of the syndrome of suppressive post-splenectomy infections are taken into account, which justifies either performing organ-preserving surgical interventions on the spleen, or heterotopic autotransplantation of spleen tissue. Spleen resection is accompanied by significant blood loss, both during the intervention and in the postoperative period. The various methods of prevention of bleeding (clips, coagulation instruments, local hemostatics, etc.) are not always effective. Currently, there have been reports of the possibility of using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in interventions on the spleen. The literature data and own 10 observations of spleen resection with the use of RFA in patients with focal organ lesions are presented. All described in literature technologies use the Rita® device for RF destruction and the corresponding attachment, which consists of 4 needle active electrodes. The spleen parenchyma is "burned" blindly, and the organ parenchyma is divided in the middle, between the treated injections. A new technique for performing spleen resection using radiofrequency ablation has been proposed at A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery. The essence of our proposed method for minimizing blood loss during spleen resection is as follows: RFA-exposure is carried out along the zone of organ ischaemia under the control of ultrasound. For RFA, we used a Radionics Cool-Tip® Ablation System and a set of water-cooled electrodes (MEDTRONIC, USA). The features of the surgical intervention are noted. No bleeding was noted either intraoperatively or in the postoperative period in any case. A comparative analysis of the results of various methods of organ-saving surgical treatment is presented.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CRIME PREVENTION

The problem of criminality prevention is being updated. The relevance of issues related to crime prevention as the main factor of criminality prevention in general is substantiated. The essence of criminality prevention is in implementation of the law's educational function. Its mission is not in punishment, but in fostering anti-criminal cogitative-behavioral “in-stincts” of a personality. Criminality prevention should be based on certain universally rec-ognized international and national principles aimed at decriminalizing the identity of poten-tial criminals. Crime theory is a whole system of modern scientific knowledge, forms and methods (historical, socio-political, psychological, medical, legal, economic, etc.). The urgency of the research is caused by the fact that in the conditions of the Russian re-ality criminality is the most serious form of a social disease, in the “treatment” of which there are no universal and final remedies. There are only means to stabilize it, to minimize, to reduce it, etc. It is really utopian to remain on its complete eradication by state-legal means. However, the latter is very relevant for society, the state, the citizen. The problem of criminality prevention is notable for its complex and multifaceted character. Therefore, the state has applied and is now applying all available civilized means of its social and legal control. Effective criminality prevention requires improved law en-forcement activities, namely, focusing on identifying, researching, analyzing the main as-pects of criminality prevention, as well as on characterization and evaluation of the crim-inality prevention system in modern conditions, taking into account domestic and foreign experience. Various methods for prevention of crimes and offenses are analyzed. Criminality preven-tion must be understood as a specific direction in the state activity to affect the causal set of illegal behavior and conditions conducive to it, which results in the reduction, stabilization, quantitative reduction and qualitative mitigation of crime.

HEREDITARY BREAST CANCER CURRENT STATE OF PROBLEM

The literature review devoted to the evaluation of various methods of prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of the hereditary breast cancer has been presented. Methods of surgical prevention, effectiveness of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy are considered.

Knowledge and Knowledge Needs about Lyme Disease among Occupational and Recreational Users of the Outdoors

As the prevalence of Lyme disease increases across Canada, it is imperative that the educational needs of at-risk groups be identified. The current study compared the level of knowledge and the knowledge needs about Lyme disease among individuals that spend time outdoors for work and for recreational purposes. Between December 2018 and February 2019, a survey was distributed to outdoor organizations across New Brunswick, Canada. Within the current sample of 137 individuals, 36% spent time outdoors for their occupation and 64% for recreational activities. Results showed no significant difference between these groups with regard to their level of knowledge, perceived efficacy and performance of various methods of prevention, and educational needs. Overall, the entire sample reported a low level of knowledge about Lyme disease. Participants perceived each prevention behavior to be at least somewhat effective, and behaviors perceived to be more effective were more likely to be carried out, but the performance of the behaviors varied. The most frequently performed behaviors included wearing long pants and protective footwear. Participants identified several aspects of Lyme disease about which they would like to have more information. The findings call attention to the specific needs of at-risk groups that must be considered when developing educational interventions.

Jugular Bulb Pressure in Surgery of Patients in Sitting Position

Background. The pressure in brain sinuses (BSP) is used to monitor the effectiveness of various methods of prevention and treatment of venous air embolism (VAE) during surgeries in patients in the sitting position. A simpler and more approachable way is to measure the pressure in the superior bulb of the jugular vein (JBP), which accurately reflects the BSP. The dependence of the frequency and severity of VAE in JBP, however, has not been investigated, and the data on the effect of various methods of prevention and treatment of VAE on JBP are either insufficient or contradictory. The study was aimed to determine the dynamics of the JBP when bringing the patient to a sitting position, its relation with the severity of the VAE and to assess the effect of right atrium pressure (RAP), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and decreased minute pulmonary ventilation (MPV) on it. Material and methods . The prospective study included 66 people who underwent intracranial surgery in a sitting position. In addition to the standard monitoring under general anesthesia with artificial lung ventilation, the superior bulb of the jugular vein and the right atrium were catheterized, and the esophagus was intubated with transesophageal echocardiography sensor. JBP was measured in a supine and sitting position and examined in relationship to RAP. In patients with JBP<0 mm Hg, its dynamics was evaluated at PEEP<0 cm H20 and MPV with end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO 2 )=44 mm Hg, PEEP=15 cm H 2 0 and MPV with etCO 2 =36 mm Hg. The Tuebingen scale (Tuebingen VAE) was used to determine the severity of VAE. Results. After bringing the patient to the sitting position the JBP significantly (W=2137.5; p<0.001) decreased by an average of 8 mm Hg, while in 11 (16.7%; 95% CI: 8.6-27, 8) cases it remained positive. No correlation was found between the RAP and JBP in the supine position (Z =-0.08225; p=0.9344) and in the sitting position (Z=1.2272, p=0.2198). The VAE frequency was 51% (95% CI 38.8-64). In patients with JBP <0 mm Hg, the frequency and severity of VAE was significantly higher than with JBP≥1 mm Hg (chi-square=4.37; df=1; p=0.036 and Z=2.47, p=0.015, respectively). Significant changes of JBP when PEEP 15 cm H 2 O and MPV with etCO 2 =36 mm Hg were not found (Z = -0.9784, p=0.3964 and Z=-1.3324, p=0.2305 respectively). Conclusion. 1. The negative JBP after bringing the patient to the sitting position is accompanied by an increase in the frequency and severity of VAE. 2. In patients in a sitting position, the correlation between RAP and JBP was not found. 3. Isolated PEEP and changes in ventilation do not lead to an increase in JBP.

Abstract P196: Mississippi Delta Health Collaborative Community and Faith Based Programs to Screen Hypertension

Introduction: The Mississippi Delta Health Collaborative (MDHC) provides leadership in the Delta region to implement heart disease and stroke prevention interventions. Barbers Reaching Out To Educate on Routine Screenings (BROTHERS) is an innovative community based program whereby MDHC partners with existing barbershops to provide routine blood pressure screenings and referrals. The faith-based Delta Alliance for Congregational Health (DACH) supports the mission of its member churches to minister to their communities with regular cardiovascular health screenings and include community outreach events. The MDHC program started in 2008 and has devoted the last 2 years to screen residents’ blood pressure and help them to control it as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to track the community base initiatives outcomes. Methods: From October 2016 to March 2018, from all 18 counties of the Mississippi Delta region, 33 barbers participated in the BROTHERS program and completed a total of 4,926 blood pressure screening encounters of 4,301 individuals (97.6% (n= 3943) black; 71.14% (n=3060) male; mean age= 35.67, SD=13.92). Also 26 churches participated in the DACH program and completed a total of 2,658 blood pressure screening encounters of 1,987 individuals (94.5% (n=1877) black; 65.2% (n=1295) female; mean age= 52.62, SD=16.43). Results: Barbers screenings showed that 51.84% (n=1688) of men were pre-hypertensive while only 10.81% (n=352) had normal blood pressure. Among all, 16.2% (n=738) participants reported never having their blood pressure checked. Among men, 1,216 (37.34%) had hypertension while 26.8% (n=326) were currently taking blood pressure medications, 37.9% (n=459) were current smokers, 31% (n=375) had no insurance coverage and 46.7% (n=566) had no personal doctor. DACH screenings showed that 42.3% (n=842) of participants were pre-hypertensive and 40.46% (n=804) had hypertension. Among hypertensive participants, 63.8% (n=513) were aware of the high blood pressure status and 58.3% (n=469) were currently taking medications for high blood pressure. Conclusion: Health is determined in part by access to social and economic opportunities as well as the resources and support in communities. Because of the innovative health initiatives underway in the Mississippi Delta region, a new story is unfolding. Community based screenings help people to become familiar with their health status, educate them on various methods of prevention and intervention and help them to change their life style to have a healthier life. Each healthy step taken is one towards improved health and prosperity not only for our state, but for the entire country.

Prevention of Surgical Site Infections : A Systematic Review

Introduction: The preoperative interventions used for prevention of SSIs have different effectiveness in the reduction of SSIs and subsequent surgical complications. This review aiming at evaluating the effectiveness of various methods of prevention for SSIs. Methods: The systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases. This search identified 990 relevant studies using filters of human studies and 10 years since publishing. After exclusion of irrelevant, duplicated, and reviews the remaining is 55 potentially relevant studies. Results: The vast majority of studies were done in intra-abdominal procedures which were infection rate varied from 0% to 38.4%. The rate of SSIs was higher than 25% in two studies used cephalexine as prophylaxis, mohs micrographic surgery and assessed SSIs in perforated peptic ulcer. Intra-operative warming used in only one study which reported SSIs rate of 18%. In case of using a combination of oxygen and antibiotics the SSIs rate ranged from 7.9% to 38.4%. The lowest rate of SSIs was noted when antiseptic, and amoxicillin were used together 0% and it was only 0.009% when cefazolin was used. Conclusions: The wide difference in infection rates among included studies may be patient-related and procedure-dependent.

The Effect of Patellar Denervation by Circumpatellar Electrocautery on Anterior Knee Pain Following Total Knee Replacement – An Experimental Study

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESAnterior knee pain is a common problem in patients who have undergone TKR which causes dissatisfaction among them. There are Various methods for prevention of anterior knee pain following TKR .The objective of this study is to determine the effect of circumpatellar electrocautery on anterior knee pain following TKR and to compare the results with that of those patients who have undergone TKR without circumpatellar denervation.METHODSThis is a cohort study conducted in Dept. of Orthopedics, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode,kerala, 2014. Total sample size was 90.out of which 2 patients died during the study period. We lost follow up of 7 patients. Among the remaining 81 patients 42 had undergone TKR with circumpatellar denervation using electocautery and 39 without circumpatellar denervation. They were kept under follow up. Patients were followed up postoperatively at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and at one year. At all postoperative visits, a clinical score was determined using the Knee Society score and the clinical anterior knee pain rating system described by Waters and BentleyRESULTSThere is no statistically significant difference in AKP score between both groups.There is a statistically significant difference in the knee society score at 1st month(p value &lt;.001). But there is no difference on further follow up visits .CONCLUSIONThere is no statistically significant difference between final outcome of patients who underwent patella denervation using circumpatellar electrocauterisation and those without denervation with respect to anterior knee pain among patients who have undergone TKR.

СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ БАГАТОПЛІДНОЇ ВАГІТНОСТІ

Дані літератури свідчать про те, що за останні роки в усьому світі зросла кількість багатоплідної вагітності, що зумовило впровадження в практику охорони здоров’я допоміжних репродуктивних технологій. Багатоплідна вагітність супроводжується значною кількістю ускладнень, таких, як невиношування, передчасні пологи, анемії, гестози, народження дітей з малою масою тіла, неврологічними ускладненнями і антенатальною загибеллю плодів. Перинатальна смертність при багатоплідді більш ніж у 6 разів перевищує таку при одноплідній вагітності. Причиною перинатальних втрат є глибока недоношеність і низькі показники маси та довжини тіла при народженні. Наступною причиною перинатальної захворюваності і смертності при багатоплідді є плацентарна недостатність і затримка внутрішньоутробного розвитку плодів. Особливе значення має також тип плацентації. Приблизно 80 % плаценти при багатоплідній вагітності дихоріальні, а 20 % – монохоріальні. При монохоріальній плаценті існують судинні анастомози між плацентарними системами кровообігу двох плодів, що може бути основою серйозних ускладнень багатоплідної вагітності як синдром фето-фетальної трансфузії, а також зворотної артеріальної перфузії. При цьому плід-донор маленький, із затримкою розвитку, а плід-реципієнт великий з вадами розвитку і часто настає антенатальна загибель одного з плодів. Пацієнтки з багатоплідною вагітністю складають групу високого ризику щодо розвитку материнських і перинатальних ускладнень. До цього часу не існує єдиних алгоритмів, як правильно спостерігати, лікувати, розроджувати жінок з різними варіантами багатоплідної вагітності. Для оцінок стану внутрішньоутробного плода проводять ультразвукове дослідження, використовують доплерометрію, кардіотокографію, визначають біофізичний профіль плода, досліджують гормонопродукуючу функцію фотоплацентарного комплексу і стан мікробіоценозу статевих шляхів. Для попередження можливих ускладнень для матері і плода при багатоплідній вагітності використовують медикаментозні і немедикаментозні методи. В останні роки при багатоплідній вагітності та істміко-цервікальній недостатності і з метою її попередження застосовують песарії. Існуючі різні методи попередження ускладнень при багатоплідній вагітності не завжди ефективні, а тому виникає необхідність пошуку нових більш ефективних методів попередження цих ускладнень.

ЧАСТОТА СТРЕСОВИХ ВИРАЗОК І ЇХ ЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ ВІД КИСЛОТНОСТІ ШЛУНКОВОГО ВМІСТУ В ПЕРИОПЕРАЦІЙНИЙ ПЕРІОД У ДІТЕЙ

Operative intervention is a strong stress, which creates the prerequisites for both exacerbation of chronic inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, and the development of ulcers I erosions in previously conditionally healthy individuals - the so-called “stress-induced changes”.&#x0D; The article presents historical recollections of the study of the problem. Also data are given on the incidence of stress-induced changes in the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract, both in patients in the intensive care unit in the presence of a critical condition, and in persons undergoing postoperative rehabilitation, according to the results of the world’s largest randomized research.&#x0D; Widespread aspects of pathogenesis are highlighted - emphasis on the role of mechanisms of hypoperfusion of internal tissues and the state of acidity of gastric juice as the primary causes of stress-induced changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach. The most informative methods of examination for the detection of erosive-ulcerative changes of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract are presented. Also, the results of studies of various methods of prevention and treatment of changes in the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract are presented.&#x0D; The problem of stress-induced erosive-ulcerative changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum for pediatric surgery for a long time was not paramount. However, with the development of operational technology of treatment, the emergence of new methods to expand the scope of surgical intervention, the relevance of the latter began to grow. In addition, a separate role should be attributed to the development of market relations and the formation of a modern system of financing medical and diagnostic process.

Management of Substance Use Disorder in Military Services: A Comprehensive Approach.

Background:Historically, substance misuse has been a serious problem faced by worldwide military personnel. Some research showed that military personnel have higher rates of unhealthy substance use than their age peers in the general population. These problems have serious consequences and may lead to significant military difficulties in the field of readiness, discipline, and mental or physical health. In this review, we gathered various methods for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of substance use disorders and suggested a comprehensive plan for Iran Armed Forces to improve existing services.Materials and Methods:This article is a narrative review study, which was carried out on 2016. A careful literature review was performed between January 1970 and April 2016 on several national and international databases. Articles were screened according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) review articles about prevention and treatment protocols, (2) executive guidance, (3) cohort articles about risk factors of addiction, and (4) randomized controlled trials about prevention or treatment of substance use disorders in army service members. After screening by title and abstract, 130 articles selected of 832 founded articles, and after quality assessment, finally, 63 articles included in the review.Results:There is a necessity to manage substance use disorder through prevention, screening, and then referral to proper services for diagnosis and treatment. Urinalysis programs for screening are cost-effective and should be considered as a main method. Effective treatment includes both behavioral and pharmacological methods.Conclusions:The ideal prevention program will include multiple and mutually reinforcing evidence-based universal, selective, and indicated attempts at both the individual and environmental levels. The implementation of screening and treatment strategies needs strict rules and national guideline for the comprehensive management of substance use disorders in army.

DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF CARDIOTOXICITY IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER FROM THE STANDPOINT OF AN ONCOLOGIST AND A CARDIOLOGIST

Knowledge of anthracycline antibiotics’ (AAs) pathogenesis and main risk factors allowed to develop various methods of prevention and early detection of cardiotoxicity as well as to create several guidelines on decreasing the risk of its development. Traditional AAs are a crucial option in treatment of metastatic breast cancer including their repeated prescription. However, their application is significantly limited by various manifestations of toxicity, especially cumulative cardiotoxicity. The most promising is use of pegylated liposomal pharmaceutical formulations of AAs. Among these formulations, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin almost fully lacks anthracycline cardiotoxicity because due to its unique formulation it accumulates almost exclusively in tumor tissue.

The Introduction of Edward Jenner’s Smallpox Vaccination to Tibet in the Early 19th Century

Before its eradication in 1979, smallpox was considered to be the greatest killer in the world. Therefore, over time, people developed a variety of methods of prevention and treatment for smallpox. The study of smallpox is a well-established field and many scholars have written on the subject; however, as far as I am aware there is almost no scholarship regarding smallpox in Tibet. Thus, it is widely believed that Tibetans knew very little about smallpox and that the Jennerian vaccination technique was not introduced in Tibet until as late as 1944. This, however, is not the case: during the course of Tibetan history, Tibetans not only knew about smallpox but also developed various methods of prevention and treatment for the disease. As a literary society, Tibetans also produced a vast quantity of medical works, as well as historical and biographical accounts in relation to smallpox; in Tibet, as elsewhere, medical knowledge was constantly evolving. This article sets out to show how a Tibetan physician named Tsenpo Nomon Han (1789–1839) introduced Edward Jenner’s vaccination technique to Tibet in the early 19th century.

Knowledge and practices related to sexually transmitted infections among women of reproductive age living in Katanga slum, Kampala, Uganda.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) still stand as one of the commonest health problems affecting women of reproductive age. The knowledge and practices of STIs, among susceptible populations such as women of reproductive age, living in slums like Katanga in Kampala Uganda need to be established. This was a cross-sectional study with 339 participants in Katanga slum. Data was collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire, entered and analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Data was summarized using frequencies for categorical data and medians for continuous data. Majority of the participants (71.9%) were ≥25years with a mean age of 28.0(SD ±7.0) years. The commonest symptoms known to the participants were genital itching (60%) and genital rash (14.5%). Most mentioned multiple partners (63.7%) and unprotected sex (50.7%) as predisposing factors to STIs. Knowledge on methods of prevention was high (92.3%) however, 18.8% were found positive for STIs using the syndromic approach and 82% mentioned having suffered from STIs in the past 6 months more than once. Most participants did not know about the systemic effects of STIs to their health and didnot follow the appropriate behavior patterns despite being knowledgeable about the various methods of prevention of STIs.

Methods for eradication of the biofilms formed by opportunistic pathogens using novel techniques – A review

The inconvenient environmental conditions force microorganisms to colonize either abiotic surfaces or animal and plant tissues and, therefore, form more resistant structures – biofilms. The phenomenon of microbial adherence, opportunistic pathogens in particular, is of a great concern. Colonization of medical devices and biofilm formation on their surface, may lead to severe infections mainly in humans with impaired immune system. Although, current research consider various methods for prevention of microbial biofilms formation, still, once a biofilm is formed, its elimination is almost impossible. This study focuses on the overview of novel methods applied for eradication of mature opportunistic pathogens' biofilms. Among various techniques the following: cold plasma, electric field, ultrasounds, ozonated water treatment, phagotherapy, matrix targeting enzymes, bacteriocins, synthetic chemicals and natural origin compounds used for biofilm matrix disruption were briefly described.

Anticancer function of α-solanine in lung adenocarcinoma cells by inducing microRNA-138 expression.

Currently, lung cancer is still a main cause of malignancy-associated death worldwide. Even though various methods for prevention and treatment of lung cancer have been improved in recent decades, the 5-year survival rate has remained very low. Insights into the anticancer function of small-molecule anticancer compounds have opened our visual field about cancer therapy. α-Solanine has been well studied for its antitumor properties, but its effect in lung cancer and associated molecular mechanisms have not yet been evaluated. To explore the anticancer function of α-solanine, we performed an MTT assay, Transwell arrays, colony-forming survival assay, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and dual luciferase reporter assays in A549 and H1299 cells. We found that α-solanine not only inhibited cell migration and invasion ability but also enhanced the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of A549 and H1299 cells. Moreover, we discovered that α-solanine could affect the expression of miR-138 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), both of which were also found to affect the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of A549 and H1299 cells. In conclusion, α-solanine could affect miR-138 and FAK expression to restrict cell migration and invasion and enhance the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of A549 and H1299 cells. The α-solanine/miR-138/FAK cascade can probably be a potential therapy target against lung adenocarcinoma.

Kefir improves bone mass and microarchitecture in an ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Kefir treatment in ovariectomized (OVX) rats could significantly decrease the levels of bone turnover markers and prevent OVX-induced bone loss, deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture, and biomechanical dysfunction that may be due to increase intracellular calcium uptake through the TRPV6 calcium channel. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to an increased fracture risk. The incidence of osteoporosis increases with age and occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency, as the balance between bone resorption and bone formation shifts towards increased levels of bone resorption. Among various methods of prevention and treatment for osteoporosis, an increase in calcium intake is the most commonly recommended preventive measure. Kefir is a fermented milk product made with kefir grains that degrade milk proteins into various peptides with health-promoting effects, including immunomodulating-, antithrombotic-, antimicrobial-, and calcium-absorption-enhancing bioactivities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of kefir on osteoporosis prophylaxis in an ovariectomized rat model. A total of 56 16-week-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 7 experimental groups: sham (normal), OVX/Mock, OVX/1X kefir (164 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/2X kefir (328 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/4X kefir (656 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/ALN (2.5 mg/kg BW/day), and OVX/REBONE (800 mg/kg BW/day). After 12-week treatment with kefir, the bone physiology in the OVX rat model was investigated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible transport mechanism involved in calcium absorption using the Caco-2 human cell line. A 12-week treatment with kefir on the OVX-induced osteoporosis model reduced the levels of C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx), bone turnover markers, and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp.). Additionally, treatment with kefir increased trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), trabecular number (Tb. N), and the biomechanical properties (hardness and modulus) of the distal femur with a dose-dependent efficacy. In addition, in in vitro assay, we found that kefir increased intracellular calcium uptake in Caco-2 cell through TRPV6 calcium channels and not through L-type voltage-operated calcium channels. The protective effect of kefir in the OVX rat model may occur through increasing intracellular calcium uptake through the TRPV6 calcium channel.

Design of open architecture System to reduce the likelihood of a vehicle getting stolen or carjacking

This paper is practical design and implementation of An Electronic protection system for protection from motor vehicle theft. It is a specific form of computer-based information system that complies with International safety regulations and can be used in any types of cars, ships, trains, and airplanes. Nationwide in the US in 2005, there were an estimated 1.2 million motor vehicle thefts, or approximately 416.7 motor vehicles stolen for every 100,000 inhabitants.[1] It can be added to navigation, control system for the protected vehicles. Not all protection systems are used for safety and protection but in our design we comply with both requirements. The system can control and displays information of controlled parameters like power for the fuel pump, electricity for the ignition system, audio and visual alarms or others. The designed system can prevent the operation of the engine unless the right store cod is entered also it can let the engine operate only for certain specific previously determined time, or reduce the speed of the engine at certain conditions or it can stop the engine completely in case of danger for example if the driver fell into sleep depend on PIR (Passive Infrared Piezoelectric) or IR motion sensors. It may also display additional navigation-related information, such as Sailing Directions, speed, or remains fuel. The system are power by 12 V dc supply which is available in types of vehicles, to start operation we need to enter the password for the key board, We will demonstrate the program which will is used in actual work for the system it is written in basic to the microcontroller type16F84A .We preferred to design the software using software PIC Basic for microcontroller. This Program is a window based Software and friendly user. Our design covers various methods of prevention to reduce the likelihood of a vehicle getting stolen. These include physical barriers, which make the effort of stealing the vehicle more difficult. Some of these include: Immobilizers, allowing the vehicle to start only if the right password containing the correct code is present in the stored microcontroller to give start signal for ignition. Adding to those Chances of theft can also be reduced with various deterrents, which give the impression to the thief that s/he is more likely to get caught if the vehicle is stolen. These include: Car alarm systems that are triggered if a breaking and entry into the vehicle occurs and trying to start the engine, Killswitch circuits we designed to frustrate or slow down the efforts of a determined car thief. Kill switches are often located between crucial parts of the starting system, between the battery source and the coil, or the fuel pump. A car cannot start without first flipping these killswitches to closed position. Car owners hide these killswitches in obscured areas, under the dashboard, beneath the seat, behind a chair, etc.