Various Aspects Of Training Research Articles

The Role of Training and Development in Enhancing Organizational Performance

Abstract: This research paper explores the significance of training and development programs in improving organizational performance. It highlights the various aspects of training and development, including their objectives, benefits, and challenges. The study also examines the methods and techniques employed in effective training and development initiatives. Furthermore, the paper discusses the relationship between training and development and organizational performance, providing empirical evidence to support the positive impact of these practices. Finally, it offers recommendations for organizations to optimize their training and development strategies to achieve sustainable growth and success.

Motor-coordination and tactical-psychological bases of complex training of sambo wrestlers 13–15 years old

A study was conducted aimed at studying the influence of integration on such aspects of training in sambo wrestling as motor coordination and tactical psychological. The combination of efforts and the synergistic effect were the basis of the hypothesis about the possible improvement of various aspects of training in Sambo wrestling. The purpose of the study is to improve the educational and training process in sambo wrestling at the initial stage of sports specialization on the basis of integrated training. Research objectives. study of the theory and practice of training sambo wrestlers at the initial stage of sports specialization, assessment of the level of physical, technical, tactical, psychological training of sambo wrestlers at the initial stage of sports specialization and identification of existing problems, determination of the content of integrated training of sambo wrestlers at the initial stage of sports specialization, theoretical development and experimental substantiation of the methodology of integrated training of sambo wrestlers at the initial stage of sports specialization. conclusion. An experiment involving 23 female athletes aged 13-15 years engaged in sambo showed that a synergistic model of training in the technique of movements of a sambo wrestler and parallel improvement of the necessary motor qualities can significantly reduce the time spent on training athletes. By stimulating certain characteristics of behavior, reactions, motives, attitudes and correcting them in the process of training and competitive activity, conditions can be created to increase the ability to think tactically effectively in the fight. The results of the pedagogical experiment were evaluated through a series of tests and control exercises. Comparison of average indicators before and after the experiment demonstrated a significant positive effect of the proposed integrated training program for sambo athletes at the initial stage of sports specialization on such training sections as physical, technical, tactical, functional and psychological.

Undergraduate Training in Psychiatry: Observational Perspective of Medical Officers Working at Primary Health-care Settings

Abstract Background: Primary care physicians are not adequately trained to tackle mental health problems. The study aimed to evaluate undergraduate training in Psychiatry: An observational perspective of medical officers. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in North India. Participants were assessed on a self-designed questionnaire developed by the Indian psychiatric society to assess various aspects of undergraduate training. Other questionnaires measured residents’ satisfaction with the quality of training programs and perceived need for psychiatric training in undergraduate courses. Results: The participant’s mean age was 32.4 years; majorities were male medical officers. About one-tenth reported that there were no separate psychiatry departments and designated psychiatry consultants in their college. Approximately 50% reported: No regular supervision by any psychiatric faculty or having psychiatric disorders discussions in clinical rounds. More than half (50.9%) were not confident enough to identify common signs and symptoms of psychiatric problems. From one-third to half of the participants were unsatisfied with various aspects of the training program, like teaching skills, diagnostic interviews, clinical posting, etc. Majority (77.3%–83.7%) agreed that there is a need to improve the psychiatry training program; during the clinic rounds, psychiatric diagnosis should be discussed, and psychiatry should be a separate subject in under-graduation. Conclusion: Primary health-care physicians were unsatisfied with an undergraduate psychiatry training program. Hence, psychiatry should be an independent subject during the undergraduate training program, with dedicated theoretical and clinical hours for psychiatry training and a separate paper for evaluation.

Postgraduate teaching-learning pattern for radiation oncology students in India - A survey-based analysis.

Teaching and training in Radiation Oncology is only at postgraduate level with 8-10 hours of theory sessions during undergraduate course. Uniform training during the post-graduation course across the country is a major challenge as many new concepts are introduced. This study is an effort to look into various aspects of training in terms of teaching-learning and assessment. In addition, we aim to look into innovative methods that can be implemented across the country. This is a survey-based analysis. Postgraduate teaching institutes in Radiation Oncology were obtained from the National Medical Council and National Board of Examination websites. A questionnaire was created with Google form and sent to the heads of departments across the country. The data were entered on a spreadsheet and the responses were analyzed using Microsoft Excel sheet. Thirty-five out of 87 institutes responded out of which 40% were government institutes. Twenty-six (74%) offered MD seats with 14 (40%) having less than five teachers and 13 (37.14%) with 5-10 teachers. With uniform teaching learning method across the country, there was wide variation in formative assessment patterns. There was consensus regarding inadequate exposure in research methodology and statistics. There is uniformity in teaching learning methods with differing patterns of formative assessment. Innovative methods focusing on affective and skill domains with competency-based medical education will help in bringing out a competent radiation oncologist.

Satisfaction of orthodontic Post-CCST training: A survey of trainee perceptions.

This survey was undertaken as a second part to 'Barriers to Post-CCST training in orthodontics: A survey of trainee perceptions'. Recruitment of Post-CCST trainees in certain areas of the country has attracted concerns as it has become increasingly difficult. This survey was undertaken to assess trainee satisfaction with Post-CCST training and to look at possible ways to improve trainee satisfaction and make Post-CCST training more desirable. The Training Grades Group (TGG) committee of the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) produced an online survey that was sent to all TGG members and newly qualified consultants in May 2021. All Post-CCSTs who entered training between February 2017 and October 2020, were asked to complete the survey. There were 37 respondents, which gave a response rate of 62%. While 61% of respondents were satisfied with their Post-CCST training, 17% were 'neither satisfied or dissatisfied' and 6% were either 'dissatisfied' or 'very dissatisfied'. Of the 37 respondents, 25 (67%) would apply for Post-CCST training again, 6 (16%) would not and 6 (16%) did not answer this question. When asked for possible suggestions for improvements to Post-CCST training to encourage greater satisfaction, the responses could be grouped into the following themes: Part-time training; Teaching; Time commitment; Salary; and Experience. In general, respondents were satisfied with Post-CCST training. There was a significant range of positive and negative responses to various aspects of training including multidisciplinary team clinic preparation, support, supervision and management experience. Suggestions for improvements echo the barriers to Post-CCST training survey.

Memorization and generalization in neural code intelligence models

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly being used in software engineering and code intelligence tasks. These are powerful tools that are capable of learning highly generalizable patterns from large datasets through millions of parameters. At the same time, their large capacity can render them prone to memorizing data points. Recent work suggests that the memorization risk manifests especially strongly when the training dataset is noisy, involving many ambiguous or questionable samples, and memorization is the only recourse. The goal of this paper is to evaluate and compare the extent of memorization and generalization in neural code intelligence models. It aims to provide insights on how memorization may impact the learning behavior of neural models in code intelligence systems. To observe the extent of memorization in models, we add random noise to the original training dataset and use various metrics to quantify the impact of noise on various aspects of training and testing. We evaluate several state-of-the-art neural code intelligence models and benchmarks based on Java, Python, and Ruby codebases. Our results highlight important risks: millions of trainable parameters allow the neural networks to memorize anything, including noisy data, and provide a false sense of generalization. We observed all models manifest some forms of memorization. This can be potentially troublesome in most code intelligence tasks where they rely on rather noise-prone and repetitive data sources, such as code from GitHub. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first study to quantify memorization effects in the domain of software engineering and code intelligence systems. This work raises awareness and provides new insights into important issues of training neural models in code intelligence systems that are usually overlooked by software engineering researchers.

An Evaluation of Higher Trainee Views on Clinical Posts in West, North and East Yorkshire Psychiatry Trainee Scheme

AimsGathering honest feedback is challenging as trainees are often reluctant to do so due to the perceived impact on their reputation, future careers, and professional relationships. A lack of constructive feedback severely impacts future trainees and can prevent necessary improvements. There is considerable variation over collection of feedback. The aim of the project was to allow higher trainees and newly appointed consultants within two years of completing training, provide feedback on previous training posts in a confidential manner. The information obtained would be used to improve trainee experience, support a change in culture around feedback and highlight posts in need of input from Training Programme. Directors (TPDs).MethodsAnonymised questionnaires were sent to higher trainees and newly appointed consultants using a survey monkey link left open for a month. Reminders were sent via Medical Education, text messages, chats, and informal conversations. There were three basic open questions asked with free-text boxes. The questions were: What things were good about this post? What things could be improved? Would you recommend this post to a colleague? The data collected were in quantitative and qualitative formats.ResultsWe received 22 responses of 46 higher trainee posts within the scheme. The general themes from the project were that trainees wanted more focus on training rather than service provision, more independent working while still having good clinical support/supervision; based on their level of experience, better support to meet non-clinical Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) and ensuring a good balance of being busy while not finding it overwhelming. Trainees in community settings suggested allocation of selected cases focused on training experience, the opportunity to manage complex situations with supervision, being able to shadow and have joint reviews with consultants. The themes highlighted in the inpatient settings included having protected time to develop non-clinical ILOs, assuming greater leadership of clinical meetings, and having the opportunity to manage a patient from admission to discharge. A total of 4 posts were not recommended for reasons outlined above.ConclusionClearly there is a balance to be made between appropriate levels of independence and supervision. The vast majority of training posts reviewed have got the balance about right, however there are still some posts that require improvements. Careful consideration by both trainers and trainees needs to be given to various aspects of training, to achieve required ILOs, as not everyone fits the mould. This highlights the importance of creating individualised frameworks for trainee support and supervision.

Job satisfaction of library professional in Colleges: A study of north campus libraries

This research paper aims to systematically evaluate various aspects of training of manpower in the library to understand the performance level of human resources and information. The present study is an empirical attempt to study job satisfaction among library professionals -working at Delhi Universities Colleges.A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed to collect data from College Library Professionals and analyzed in light of the objectives of the present research. The percentage method has been adopted to analyze the results of the study. Findings on basis of the data collected through the questionnaire,from the records, and interviews with the librarians recorded in the form of the report reveal that a Job is an important element of an individual's life, -which involves a major part of their time contrasted with any other individual and gives the monetary support to adopt a happy lifestyle. It can be correlated with positive behaviors toward others and physical health and related to personnel turnover and life satisfaction of employees in the organization.

Use of Active Games in Physical and Tactical Training of Young Handball Players at the Initial Stage

The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of physical and technical training of young handball players aged 10-11 by means of moving games, game exercises and relays at the stage of initial training during the pedagogical experiment in 2020-2021.
 Methodology. The following methods were used in the study: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, control and pedagogical checking (tests), pedagogical observations, anthropometry. Statistical processing of experimental data was performed using the statistical processing package STATGRAPHICS Plus for Windows (according to standard methods). The study involved young handball players aged 10-11, the first and second year of training in sport school №3 in Kharkiv during a year. The technique was implemented for 9 months (74 lessons), 3 times a week, and lasting 20 minutes.
 Results. We claim that the physical fitness of handball players is closely related to various aspects of training. The selected tests fully characterize the physical development and functional state of the main life support systems of a body and allow determining the effectiveness of the proposed authors’ method. The specially selected combinations with the use of moving games, game exercises and relays help to increase the level of technical training of young handball players. Analysis of the final indicators in the experimental group revealed a significant increase corresponding to the 5% level of significance in terms of execution of free throws and movement in the protective rack of the handball player. The average group values of the accuracy of free throws increased by 49.5%, and the average speed of movement in the protective rack of a handball player after the experiment increased by 8.3%. The rate of transfer of the ball to the wall in the experimental group increased by 25.1%, which indicates a significant increase in the result at P <0,01.
 Conclusion. The results obtained during the experiment confirmed the effectiveness of our developed methods of training with the purposeful use of moving games, game exercises and relay races at the initial stage of training young handball players.

SP10.2.4 COVID-19 impact on Surgical Training and Recovery Planning (COVID-STAR) - A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

AimsThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the delivery of surgical services which impact on surgical training. This study aimed to investigate the qualitative impact of COVID-19 on surgical training in the United Kingdom (UK) & Republic of Ireland (ROI)MethodsA national, collaborative, cross-sectional study involving 13 surgical trainee associations distributed a pan-surgical specialty questionnaire on the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training (11th May - 8th June 2020). Various aspects of training were assessed. This study was reported according to STROBE guidelines.Results810 completed responses were analysed (M:401/F:390) from all deaneries and training grades. A significant negative impact of the pandemic on surgical training experience was observed. (Weighted average = 8.66). 41% of respondents (n = 301) were redeployed. Complete loss of training was reported in elective operating (69.5%), outpatient activity (67.3%) and endoscopy (69.5%). A reduction of > 50% was reported in emergency operating (48%) and completion of work-based assessments (WBAs) (46%). 3.3% (n = 17) of respondents reported plans to leave medicine altogether. Cancellations in study leave and regional teaching programmes without rescheduling were reported in 72% and 60% of the cohort respectively. Elective operative exposure and WBAs completion were the primary reported factors affecting potential trainee progression. Overall, > 50% of trainees (n = 377) felt they would not meet the competencies required for that training period.ConclusionsCOVID-19 has had a negative impact on surgical training across all grades and specialties, with implications for trainee progression, recruitment and retention of the surgical workforce.

Factors Affecting Specialist Psychiatry Training in South Africa: Are Psychiatry Residents Satisfied with Their Training?

The authors investigated South African psychiatry residents' satisfaction with their training, physical, and mental health to inform the development of a strategy to improve the quality and experiences of training. A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken to assess the factors affecting residents' satisfaction with their current training program. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of residents across the training institutions in South Africa. Of 179 psychiatry residents in the country, 70 responses were received (39.1% response rate). Most were satisfied with the overall quality of their training, various aspects of training, and access to training resources. However, significant differences across universities were identified with regard to residents' perception of the quality of their training, quality of their experiences, access to training resources, quality of supervision, and clinical workload. More than a quarter were dissatisfied with their mental and/or physical health. The top four factors contributing to stress were all training-related. While most residents were satisfied with their specialist training, institutional differences in access to training and training resources, quality of training, and availability of quality supervision were evident and need to be addressed to ensure equitable training. There is a need to actively address staff shortages not only for clinical cover during protected academic time but also to meet training needs. A centralized examination process should remain in place to ensure that there is a national standard. Workplace-based assessments could facilitate standardization across institutions, should these assessments be standardized and accompanied by rigorous training of supervisors.

Review of Farmer Training Centers (FTCs) Based Training in The Case of Ethiopia Country

Farmers Training Center (FTC) of the country was established in the year 1980 at Agarfa in Bale, Oromia Region, Ethiopia country. Its main objective was the quick transfer of technology to the rural population so as to raise the quality of agricultural production, the living condition of the rural community and the country as a whole. Effectiveness of FTC based training on agricultural technology adoption and practice change is operationalized as the application of knowledge acquired from the training. It is the transfer of learning. Training is a prerequisite to decrease the complexity of the technology and used to disseminate knowledge and skill to the farming community. Moreover, field visit, tour and demonstration upgrade farmers’ knowledge and skill. Farmer training is a type of education that most often takes place outside formal learning institutions. It differs from education in schools because it is geared towards adult learning. Training has experienced a rapidly changing scenario especially from past decade. The present study was carried out with the aim of assessing review of farmer training centers (FTCs) based training in the case of Ethiopia country. Analysis of the various aspects of training should be undertaken by organizations, stakeholders, and beneficiaries. Thus, deciding on what and how to evaluate and by who are critical parts of the evaluation process. Keywords: Effectiveness, Evaluation, Farmer Training Center, Relevance, Training. DOI: 10.7176/DCS/11-3-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2021

COVID-19 impact on Surgical Training and Recovery Planning (COVID-STAR) - A cross-sectional observational study.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to healthcare systems which impact the delivery of surgical training. This study aimed to investigate the qualitative impact of COVID-19 on surgical training in the United Kingdom (UK) & Republic of Ireland (ROI)MethodsThis national, collaborative, cross-sectional study involving 13 surgical trainee associations distributed a pan-surgical specialty questionnaire on the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training over 4 weeks in May 2020. Various aspects of training were assessed.Results810 completed responses were analysed (males = 401, females = 390) from all deaneries and training grades. The perceived negative overall impact of the pandemic on surgical training experience was significant. (Weighted average = 8.66). 41% of respondents (n = 301) were redeployed with 74% redeployed for >4 weeks. Complete loss of training was reported in elective operating (69.5%), outpatient activity (67.3%) and endoscopy (69.5%). A reduction of >50% was reported in emergency operating (48%) and completion of work-based assessments (WBAs) (46%). 3.3% (n = 17) of respondents reported plans to leave medicine altogether. Cancellations in study leave and regional teaching programmes without rescheduling were reported in 72% and 60% of the cohort respectively. Elective operative exposure and WBAs completion were the primary reported factors affecting potential trainee progression. Only 9% of trainees reported that they would definitely meet all required competencies.ConclusionCOVID-19 has had a negative impact on surgical training across all grades and specialties, with implications for trainee progression, recruitment and retention of the surgical workforce. Further investigation of the long-term impact at a national level is required.

Psychological control in sports

The training and competitive success of an athlete is closely intertwined with various aspects of training: stage objectives, technical skill, physical qualities of an athlete, etc. Therefore, in sports, it is necessary to constantly exercise psychological control and analyze the fitness of an athlete. The article presents fragments of diagnostic tools developed to implement complex psychological control in sports activities.

ПРОФЕСІЙНА ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ ПСИХОЛОГІВ У ДИСЕРТАЦІЙНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ УКРАЇНИ (2000 – 2020 рр.)

The article describes the dissertation works of 2000–2021 for obtaining the scientific degree of Candidate or Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, dedicated to the problems of preparation of students-psychologists at institutions of higher education in Ukraine. In recent years, various aspects of training of future psychologists at higher education institutions of Ukraine have been covered in the works of such scientists as N. Baibekova, A. Borysiuk, I. Wojciech, O. Zatvorniuk, I. Kalinovska, T. Kovalkova, V. Kostrach, N. Makarenko, N. Nagorna, S. Nakhod, V. Rateeva, N. Serdyuk, R. Skirko, L. Smalius, L. Sukhostavska and others. The purpose of the article is to summarize their work by presenting the results of the analysis of the thematic range of dissertations on psychologists’ training in Ukraine within the period of 2000–2020.Based on the analysis of topics and content of dissertations for the degree of a Candidate / Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, dedicated to training of future psychologists and defended in Ukraine for the period of 2000–2020, the following conclusions have been made: there is a contradiction between the public need for improvement of future psychologists’ training in Ukraine and insufficient scientific substantiation of the ways to achieve this improvement, as evidenced by a small number of dissertations for this topic. Most actively (compared to other problems) Ukrainian scientists study the methodological aspects of future psychologists’ training at higher education institutions and the formation of readiness of students- psychologists to perform various professional tasks. Further dissertation research on the problems of future psychologists’ professional training in the Free Economic Relations of Ukraine and research on the implementation of the competency approach in the process of psychologists’ professional training, comparative analysis of training systems for future psychologists in different countries are extremely relevant and necessary.

The Functional Movement Screen test as a tool for functional evaluation of movement patterns in long-distance runners

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the results achieved in the Functional Movement Screen test and various aspects of training as well as injury history in long-distance runners. Basic procedures: The study involved 30 long-distance runners aged 20 to 45 years, training regularly from two to seven days a week and covering a total distance from 10 to 100 km. The subjects completed a questionnaire containing queries about training and past injuries. The Functional Movement Screen test was used to assess the quality of movement patterns. Results: The mean total score in the FMS test was 16.03 points. Results within the range from 18 to 21 points were achieved by 6 subjects, 3 of the subjects suffering injuries in the past. Results in the range from 14 to 17 points were obtained by22 subjects, 14 subjects having a history of injury. Ascore below 14 points was reachedby 2 subjects, both of them suffering injuries in the past. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that a lower FMS score is associated with a greater number of injuries in the past. Warming up before training is a good way to prevent injury, while stretching after training does not seem reduce the incidence of injury.

Padepokan Karakter: A Management Model of Training and Development of Character Education

Training and development of character education requires development efforts to achieve effective and maximum results. This research developed a maangement modeloftraininganddevelopmentofcharactereducationthatfocusedon Padepokan Karakter or the character hermitage as a locus, in order to produce academic, professional, and vocational resources (prospective teachers and teachers) who have excellent competence in spreading the noble character of the nation. Using Researh & DevelopmentApproach,thisresearchuseslocusatPadepokan Karakter ofthePolitics andCitizenshipDepartment,FacultyofSocialScience,SemarangStateUniversity.The subjects of the study were the newly graduated Unnes students, the junior teachers in Semarang City and Central Java Province. The factual management model of training anddevelopmentofcharactereducationthatiscurrentlyinplacecontainsweaknesses invariousaspects,fromplanning,implementation,toevaluationoftheactivities.Onthe basis of the analysis of a number of weaknesses of the factual model, a reconstruction of the conceptual model was then carried out starting from the review of both ethical and emotional factors. The conceptual model was further refined by accommodating the results of focus group discussion with stakeholders so that the building of the managementmodeloftraininganddevelopmentofcharactereducation,byutilizingthe potentialsandresourcesownedby Padepokan Karakter ofthePoliticsandCitizenship Department,FacultyofSocialScience,SemarangStateUniversitywasdeveloped.This model has incorporated various aspects of training, from refinement of factual model weaknesses, consideration of ethical and emotional factors, and the aspirations and needs of stake holders, making it feasible to put into trials in the wider domain.

Assessment of Ophthalmology Residency Programs in Saudi Arabia: A Trainee-Based Survey.

Purpose:To assess the satisfaction and competency of Saudi ophthalmology residents and compare their performance against International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) standards.Methods:A cross-sectional web-based survey of senior ophthalmology residents (postgraduate years [PGY] 3-4) and recent graduates (from 2010 to 2015) assessed various aspects of training. The questionnaire was sent to the participants and was divided into 3 main domains: demographics, training program evaluation, and preparedness for board exams and clinical practice.Results:Out of the 145 invitees, 120 (82.8%) responded. Fifty percent of respondents reported an overall satisfaction with the program. Adequate clinical exposure was reported in most subspecialties except refraction and low vision rehabilitation with inadequate exposure reported by 55.8% and 95.8%, respectively. Surgical exposure was reported as adequate for phacoemulsification (58.3%) and strabismus surgery (68.3%) only. Eighty-nine percent of respondents reported performing less than 80 cases of phacoemulsification. Of the respondents who had graduated, most (89.7%) passed the final board exam at the first attempt. There were 73.5% of respondents who reported that residency training prepared them well for the board exam. Ongoing clinical and call duties were reported as having a negative impact on exam performance.Conclusions:Saudi ophthalmology residents demonstrate a high level of clinical competency. However, additional efforts should aim at improving surgical training to increase the level of satisfaction among residents and improve the quality of training to meet international standards.

Executive summary on the use of ultrasound in the critically ill: consensus report from the 3rd Course on Acute Care Ultrasound (CACU)

Over the past decades, ultrasound (US) has gained its place in the armamentarium of monitoring tools in the intensive care unit (ICU). Critical care ultrasonography (CCUS) is the combination of general CCUS (lung and pleural, abdominal, vascular) and CC echocardiography, allowing prompt assessment and diagnosis in combination with vascular access and therapeutic intervention. This review summarises the findings, challenges lessons from the 3rd Course on Acute Care Ultrasound (CACU) held in November 2015, Antwerp, Belgium. It covers the different modalities of CCUS; touching on the various aspects of training, clinical benefits and potential benefits. Despite the benefits of CCUS, numerous challenges remain, including the delivery of CCUS training to future intensivists. Some of these are discussed along with potential solutions from a number of national European professional societies. There is a need for an international agreed consensus on what modalities are necessary and how best to deliver training in CCUS.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN BULGARIAN CONTEXT: PECULIARITIES AND CHALLENGES

Abstract The objective of this article is to illustrate the issues and challenges which the higher education system in Bulgaria faces, with a particular accent on the phenomenon “education per kilogram”. The latter describes, in a popular language, the up-scaling of the university graduation, related to the mass proliferation of the higher education institutions (HEIs), the facilitated access to enrolment through paid tuitions, etc. The big quantity of HEIs in the country is in a mismatch with the low percentage of GDP which the government dedicates to education. The number of HEIs is also disproportionate against its population size - 54 HEIs in Bulgaria for population of 7.2 million. The research methodology includes a desktop study based on national statistical data and data from the governmentally-supported university rating system. An empirical survey, conducted among 250 tertiary education students enrolled in four Bulgarian universities, is a valuable contribution towards disclosing the pros and cons of the teaching practices in the tertiary education in the country. The first chapter describes at large the “education per kilogram” issue with regard to its possible origins, variations and consequences for the misbalance of labour market demand for certain qualifications and the universities supplies of qualified individuals. The second chapter reveals a comparative analysis by professional fields possible through the Ministry of Education and Science’s university rating system, i.e. students’ preferences for disciplines, universities and professions; the graduates’ professional fulfilment and how the income of the recent diploma-holders is a function of attending a particular HEI. The third chapter presents a sociological survey conducted among students in four Bulgarian universities which demonstrates learners’ attitudes towards various aspects of training, teaching methods and involvement in research assignments in the context of tertiary education. The main conclusion of the article is that the “universities per kilogram” trend brought about other corresponding characteristics, such as “students per kilogram”, “academic titles per kilogram”, etc. Hence, the large number of HEIs in Bulgaria has not led to improving the quality and efficiency of education, and yet does not respond adequately to the changing labour market demands for qualified professionals.