Variety Seeking Research Articles

Too Time-Crunched to Seek Variety: The Influence of Parenting Motivation on Consumer Variety Seeking

Parenting motivation, the inspiration and drive to take care of one's children, is a powerful instinct for facilitating human reproduction. In a set of hypotheses, the authors address how, why, and among whom parenting motivation affects a pervasive decision-making tendency, namely, variety seeking. Six studies, including a large-scale panel data study and five online and lab studies, show that, when shopping, parenting motivation spurs feelings of time crunch that result in less variety seeking among consumers. The effect is diminished when time-saving parenting support exists (which reduces feelings of time crunch in parenting), when consumers are led to believe that they have sufficient time available for shopping, and when they do not have much loyalty to any brand offered in the choice set and thus cannot save time by simply choosing the top-of-mind product option. The current research thus contributes to the growing literature on how parenting motivation affects consumer decision making. In addition, it augments the literature on variety seeking by identifying an important factor that can influence it.

Exploring the Longitudinal Stability of Food Neophilia and Dietary Quality and Their Prospective Relationship in Older Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis

Poor dietary quality is a major cause of morbidity, making the promotion of healthy eating a societal priority. Older adults are a critical target group for promoting healthy eating to enable healthy aging. One factor suggested to promote healthy eating is the willingness to try unfamiliar foods, referred to as food neophilia. This two-wave longitudinal study explored the stability of food neophilia and dietary quality and their prospective relationship over three years, analyzing self-reported data from N = 960 older adults (MT1 = 63.4, range = 50-84) participating in the NutriAct Family Study (NFS) in a cross-lagged panel design. Dietary quality was rated using the NutriAct diet score, based on the current evidence for chronic disease prevention. Food neophilia was measured using the Variety Seeking Tendency Scale. The analyses revealed high a longitudinal stability of both constructs and a small positive cross-sectional correlation between them. Food neophilia had no prospective effect on dietary quality, whereas a very small positive prospective effect of dietary quality on food neophilia was found. Our findings give initial insights into the positive relation of food neophilia and a health-promoting diet in aging and underscore the need for more in-depth research, e.g., on the constructs' developmental trajectories and potential critical windows of opportunity for promoting food neophilia.

The competing roles of variety seeking in new brand adoption

We examine how consumers' attribute-level variety-seeking behaviors can explain their propensity to adopt a new brand in the consumer packaged goods (CPG) market. We leverage consumers' purchase history among extant brands prior to a new brand introduction as an indicator of the new brand adoption upon its launch. We incorporate variety seeking at two product attribute levels – brand and flavor – and find that variety seeking along these two dimensions predicts different outcomes for new brand adoptions. The estimation results of our discrete-time hazard model show that consumers' brand-level and flavor-level variety-seeking behaviors affect their likelihood to adopt a new brand in different manners: consumers who purchase various brands are more likely to adopt a new brand, whereas those who choose various flavors are less likely to adopt a new brand. The results also show that the new brand's price promotions and in-store displays can affect the role of variety seeking in consumers' new brand adoption. We assess the robustness of our findings by replicating our empirical model with an additional measure of variety seeking as well as a variety-seeking measure in another product category.

Brand Switching Behavior Influenced by Product Attributes and Variety Seeking with Consumer Trust as a Mediating Variable

The movement of cellular operators to other brands is of course a picture for the company. Therefore companies must be able to increase product innovation both from all aspects of the product attributes offered, such as service quality and pricing that meet consumer desires or needs for product variations. This study aims to determine whether brand switching behavior is really influenced by product attributes and also variety seeking, and researchers also use the consumer trust variable as a mediator. The research method used was a descriptive and explanatory survey with a total sample of 384 people. The results of the study prove that product attributes and variety seeking have a positive and significant influence in forming consumer trust, and consumer trust has a positive and significant effect in shaping brand switching behavior. It can be seen that this variable has the greatest test value so that it can be concluded that customer trust is a the biggest influence on brand switching on customers

Leisure activity variety seeking as an instrumental outcome of social capital

Transportation research has paid deeper attention to exploring factors affecting leisure activities and their related travel. Motivated by the influence of social capital on leisure activity behavior, this paper proposes a theory that leisure activity variety is an instrumental outcome and thus affected by instrumental social capital more than expressive social capital. The theory underlines two hypotheses that (1) social capital is an integral determinant of leisure activity participation, and (2) having access to greater instrumental support promotes greater leisure activity variety – an instrumental outcome. This theory was tested using a comprehensive list of different unique leisure activities collected from 1,275 survey respondents. To the authors’ knowledge, this refined and specially designed survey is the first in the transportation literature to use both a position generator and resource generator to measure social capital. Results from negative binomial regression models demonstrated that instrumental support had the largest influence on predicting activity variety outcome. The robustness of six instrumental support measures was assessed based on the variability of parameter estimates and model fit. Sensitivity testing affirmed the consideration that social capital correlates with an individual’s activity participation. This study’s findings suggest that social capital can reduce estimation bias and unobserved heterogeneity across various socioeconomic attributes. As social capital has distinct impacts even among homogeneous demographic groups, transportation modelers can derive insights from social capital measures to build more socially and behaviorally realistic models.

Kontribusi Variety Seeking Terhadap Brand Switching di Rocky Plaza Hotel Kota Padang

This research originates from the results of pre-research observations of guests at Rocky Plaza Hotel Padang, where problems related to brand switching and variety seeking are still found that easily occur in the hospitality industry. The purpose of this research is to find out how much contribution variety seeking has on brand switching at Rocky Plaza Hotel Padang. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with a causal associative method which aims to measure how much influence variety seeking (X) has on brand switching (Y) at Rocky Plaza Hotel Padang. The population of this research is the guests of Rocky Plaza Hotel Padang, with a sample of 99 respondents using the purposive sampling method and the criteria for the respondent must have stayed more than once at Rocky Plaza Hotel and have stayed at four-star hotels in Padang City other than Rocky Plaza Hotel. Primary data is the data used in this research on these two variables obtained directly from guests using a questionnaire through the Google form as measured by a Likert scale whose validity and reliability tests have been tested. The results of this study: (1) variety seeking is in the unfavorable category (60.61%), (2) brand switching is in the sufficient category (53.54%), (3) the F value is obtained from the results of the regression hypothesis test simple linear is 83,538 with a sig level of 0.00 <0.05, therefore the variety seeking variable influences the brand switching variable by 46.3% and 53.7% is influenced by several other factors. From the results of the study, the proposed hypothesis is accepted, in this case there is a significant contribution between variety seeking and brand switching.

Intermediation for Variety Seeking in a Subscription Market: A Monopoly Trap?

Intermediation for Variety Seeking in a Subscription Market: A Monopoly Trap?

Psychology of Fashion and its influence on Indian Consumers

Fashion psychology is commonly defined as the study of the impact of clothing choices on the way in which we perceive and judge each other. However, the term fashion psychology is a bit misleading, as the field actually looks well beyond clothing’s impact on the individual. And its focus transcends clothing to also consider the impact of many other products that express self- identity and are influenced by the same forces that drive change in the apparel industry, Many psychological factors help explain what motivates us to be fashionable. These include conformity, desires for variety seeking, the need to express personal creativity, and sexual attraction. For example, many consumers seem to have a need for uniqueness: They want to be different (though not necessarily too different!). As a result, people may conform to the basic outlines of a fashion, but still improvise to make a personal statement within these general guidelines. Psychology and fashion are two fields that, on the surface, may seem unrelated, but they have a deep connection. Psychology is the study of the mind and behaviour, while fashion is the study of clothing and accessories. However, fashion is also a reflection of societal values, cultural influences, and personal expression. It is a visual representation of how individuals want to be perceived and how they want to present themselves to the world. Therefore, fashion can be used as a tool to understand various psychological concepts such as identity, self-esteem, and social status. Understanding the relationship between psychology and fashion can provide insights into how individuals use clothing and accessories to communicate their thoughts, feelings, and personality to others, and how fashion trends are shaped by psychological factors.

Destination loyalty and pandemic risks: Revisiting the study of tourist loyalty during the covid-19 pandemic

This paper examines how tourist behaviour is conditioned by the COVID-19 pandemic, developing a theoretical framework that considers not only traditional variables such as image, satisfaction, and variety seeking, but also the risks perceived during a pandemic to better explain loyalty towards a tourist destination. Moreover, the paper explores whether the effects of these variables differ in loyalty formation if people who consider visiting a destination in their country again are compared to people who contemplate travelling again to an international destination. Empirical evidence from a survey sample comprising more than 1000 Spanish tourists shows that pandemic-related risks differently influence the tourist loyalty dimensions intention to revisit and recommend both a national destination (441 respondents) and an international destination (600 respondents). Finally, affective image and satisfaction are the main drivers of loyalty in both subsamples.

The Effect of Dimensions of Hedonic Shopping Motivation and Variety Seeking on Impulse Buying Fashion Products in Online Stores

The development of the internet encourages the emergence of online stores in Indonesia. The presence of an online store brings a new phenomenon or lifestyle among the public in buying fashion products, namely by shopping online. The public conducts online shopping to meet the needs of finding variations (variety seeking) and the motivation of hedonic shopping (hedonic shopping motivation) that can cause impulse buying of fashion products at online stores. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the dimensions of hedonic shopping motivation and variety seeking on impulse buying fashion products in online stores. The population of this study is consumers who have shopped for online fashion products, and the number of samples used is 150 respondents. Data collection methods by distributing online questionnaires. Data processing techniques use SPSS 25 software and the Likert scale on the questionnaire. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. From the study results, it is known simultaneously that the dimensions of hedonic shopping motivation and variety seeking affect impulse buying. Partially the dimensions of Hedonic Shopping Motivation, namely Value Shopping, Relaxation Shopping, and variable variety seeking, affect impulse buying, while the dimensions of hedonic shopping motivation are adventure shopping, idea shopping, and social shopping, which have no effect on impulse buying Keywords: Hedonic Shopping Motivation Variety Seeking Impulse Buying.

Modelling the Impacts of Spokespersons Attachment in Cosmetics Context

With the gradual improvement of the national living standard and the increase of daily makeup people, the market size of Chinese cosmetics industry has been growing. However, cosmetics industry has faced the problems of insufficient consumer attachment through live streaming, which makes the marketing effect not clear in the process of brand marketing. The purpose of this study is to verify the antecedents and results of consumers' perception of spokesperson attachment, analyze the factors influencing spokesperson attachment, and the influence of spokesperson attachment on word of mouth, and put forward suggestions. Data was collected by questionnaire and 372 valid sample were received. Findings found that the perceived non-economic value, perceived economic value, reference group and other factors have a positive correlation with the attachment of the spokesperson, and variety seeking has a negative impact on the attachment of the spokesperson. Lastly, such suggestion of improving the exclusive preferential price intensity of the enterprise broadcasting room was drawn to managers.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian Secara Online Pada E-Commerce

Along with the rapid growth of the internet today, many products are emerging based on internet systems, one of which is e-commerce. The increasingly rapid growth of e-commerce has become a competitor to conventional stores which can now be seen from the decline in the number of mall visitors. The main point of this paper is to analyze the availability, price, promotion, service, trust, and variety seeking factors that influence online purchasing decisions at e-commerce. -commerce. The population and sample of this research are e-commerce users, by taking 100 samples using non-probability sampling technique and purposive sampling approach. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study show that availability, price, promotion, service, variety seeking simultaneously have a significant effect on online purchasing decisions in e-commerce. Partially availability (availability) and search for variation (variety seeking) have a significant effect on online purchasing decisions in e-commerce, while price, promotion, service have an effect but not significantly on online purchasing decisions at e-commerce. Availability is the dominant factor influencing online purchasing decisions in e-commerce.

Uncovering the link between intra-individual heterogeneity and variety seeking: the case of new shared mobility

Preferences can vary both across respondents (i.e. inter-respondent preference heterogeneity) and across choice tasks within respondents (i.e. intra-respondent preference heterogeneity). Ignoring the existence of intra-respondent preference heterogeneity could bias preference elicitation and demand forecast. Thus far, most studies covering inter- and intra-respondent preference heterogeneity have applied the mixed multinomial logit model. Meanwhile, the behavioural explanations for such preference variations remain under-explored. This paper accommodates inter- and intra-respondent preference heterogeneity through a two-layer latent class modelling structure, where the continuous random distributions are replaced with discrete mixtures in both layers. A latent variable representing variety-seeking is included to explain class membership probabilities, offering additional behavioural insights concerning the source of preference heterogeneity both across and within respondents. Two aspects associated with variety-seeking are examined: novelty-seeking (i.e. the inclination to adopt new modes) and alternation (i.e. the tendency to vary one’s behaviour regularly by selecting different modes continuously). In the context of new shared mobility, this paper finds the role of both aspects in preference heterogeneity. Specifically, novelty seekers are found to be more likely to fall into the class with higher probabilities of switching from existing modes to the new air taxi service than novelty avoiders, and alternation seekers are more likely to belong to the class with higher probabilities to exhibit intra-respondent preference heterogeneity than alternation avoiders. This paper, therefore, provides empirical evidence to identify the target customers of the new air taxi service.

How Consumers' Need for Variety and Social Consumption Influences Festival Patronage and Spending

This article investigates the influence of motivational goals such as variety seeking and social consumption on consumers' patronage and spending at craft beer festivals. In doing so, we develop and test a number of hypotheses by examining information collected via means of a survey questionnaire proposed in 2017 to visitors of a large beer festival in the UK. Findings of our analysis unveil how cognitive engagement affects individuals' behavior with regard to responding to and financially engage with beer festivals. Results also identify cognitive engagement as an important mediator of the effects related to variety seeking and social consumption. From a managerial perspective, findings reveal important attributes affecting consumers' drivers towards craft beers, contributing to understand which dimension of consumer engagement influence their behaviors. Overall, the study provides fresh empirical evidence in terms of identifying and recognizing consumers' behaviors with regard to defining future trends in the craft beer sector.

Consumer interest in hummus made from different pulses: Effects of information about origin and variety seeking tendency

Official dietary guidelines emphasize the importance of consuming pulses due to the advantageous nutritional composition and based on aspects of public health and sustainable production. Along with a global trend of increased focus on sustainability, launching locally produced plant-based food products have thus gained commercial interest. The purpose of this study is to investigate various pulses and how information about their origin affects the willingness to try and willingness to pay for hummus made from these pulses. In addition, variation seeking tendencies and attitude towards the environment were measured. The research design is a quantitative study including data obtained via online surveys. Respondents, (N = 363 Danish speaking and resident consumers) were presented with images of one traditional chickpea and four experimental versions of pulse-based hummus. Participants were presented with representative photos of the hummus samples and respective pulses and randomly selected to be given information regarding origin of the pulses (n = 164) or presented blind (n = 199). To investigate modulation of variation seeking tendency and individual attitude towards the environment, the VARSEEK scale and EAI-24 scale were applied respectively. Results suggest that providing information regarding origin has a positive effect on willingness to try and willingness to pay. Increase in variety seeking tendency significantly increased both willingness to try, willingness to pay, and ratings for appetizing appearance. Increased attitude towards the environment showed only a slightly significant increase on appetizing appearance. Furthermore, providing information about the pulses to respondents, particularly the segment with low variation seeking tendency had a significantly positive effect on willingness to try and ratings of appetizing appearance.

Impact of Loyalty Card Programs on Customer Satisfaction and Engagement with Reference to Colombo District Supermarket Retail Industry

The super market industry in Sri Lanka is highly competitive and a drastic improvement has been observed in the last decade as consumer lifestyle is changing with greater degree of influence by Western lifestyles. Due to heavy competition in the super market industry, super markets are pushed into a situation to focus more towards customer acquisition and retaining programs in order to increase their market share. However, leading super market chains suggest that despite acquisition programs making impact, customers who have been already acquired by the organizations are switching to competitors. Hence, in order to obtain competitive advantage over competitors, super market chains ought to focus executing effective customer retaining program like loyalty program that would have a positive impact on the business performance of the organization. However, presently, super market chains have implemented loyalty programs that don’t yield expected benefits due to drawbacks in the loyalty programs which prevent customers from participating in the loyalty programs due to customer dissatisfaction on loyalty program in general. The research is essentially aimed at identifying factors that have impact on customer satisfaction on customer loyalty program to participate in super market industry. Anticipated Benefits, Privacy concerns, Variety seeking, Customer involvement and commitment are four key factors identified through literature survey that impact on customer participation to loyalty program. The shoppers of Keells, Cargills and Arpico and Laugfs were selected to represent the different loyalty card types in this research and all the Individuals in Colombo district who do their purchases at supermarkets qualify as the population for the research. The results of the study discuss the impact of customer retainment and engagement factors of loyalty card programs on customer satisfaction and the significant impact of those factors on the customer satisfaction.

BRAND SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR PADA PRODUK SKINCARE HALAL DITINJAU BERDASARKAN PRIOR EXPERIENCE DAN VARIETY SEEKING BUYING BEHAVIOUR

Companies must be able to answer market challenges and take advantage of these challenges to become opportunities to survive in the future. If the company is unable to create advantages from the products it pro­du­ces, the likelihood that consumers will make brand transfers to the products they consume will be higher. The objectives of this study are To understand the great influence of Prior Experience and Variety seeking Buying Be­ha­vior on Brand Switching Behavior in Wardah's skincare product consumers. The research method used in this study is an explanatory method with a quantitative approach. The data used are primary data obtained from questionnaires of respondents who are consumers of Wardah skincare products in Bandung. The results of si­mul­taneously it was concluded that Prior Experience (X1) and Variety Seeking Buying behavior (X2) simul­taneously had a positive and significant effect on Brand Switching Behavior (Y) in wardah skincare consumers in Bandung City, because the value of F count ≥ F table (11.302 ≥ 3.090). So, the prior experience factors using Wardah skincare products, as well as the factor to what extent the level of consumers' desire to seek variations on other products are two factors out of the many factors that can influence consumers to do so. brand shift.

Uncertainty of Artificial Intelligence Assistant: The Effect of Assistant Type on Variety Seeking.

In service marketing, AI assistants and self-service technology have become popular. As a result, it is critical to enrich the understanding of whether consumers react differently in the artificial intelligence (AI) service context in comparison with the human service context. This study examines the effect of assistant type (AI vs. human) on consumers’ decision-making. Through three experiments, this research finds that variety seeking will be higher when consumers are making decision in AI (vs. human) service environment. Furthermore, we tested uncertainty as the underlying mechanism. Moreover, we demonstrated that this pattern is moderated by situational involvement. Specifically, in consumption contexts of high involvement, the consumers are less likely to seek variety, and in consumption contexts of low involvement, they prefer more variety (study 3). This research offers service providers new insights by revealing how, why, and when the interaction of AI technology influences consumers’ decision-making in service marketing.

Bundle Selection and Variety Seeking: The Importance of Combinatorics

AbstractWhen consumers select bundles of goods, they may construct those sequentially (e.g., building a bouquet one flower at a time) or make a single choice of a prepackaged bundle (e.g., selecting an already-complete bouquet). Previous research suggested that the sequential construction of bundles encourages variety seeking. The present research revisits this claim and offers a theoretical explanation rooted in combinatorics and norm communication. When constructing a bundle, a consumer chooses among different choice permutations, but when selecting amongst prepackaged bundles, the consumer typically considers unique choice combinations. Because variety is typically overrepresented among permutations compared to combinations, certain consumers (in particular, those with similar attitudes toward items that could compose a bundle) are induced by these different numbers of pathways to variety to display more or less variety-seeking behavior. This is in part explained by the variety norms communicated by different choice architectures, cues most likely to be inferred and used by those who are indifferent between the potential bundle components and thus looking for guidance. Across 5 studies in the main text and 11 in the web appendix, this article tests this account and offers preliminary exploration of newly identified residual effects that the pathways-to-variety account cannot explain.

Micronutrients and food choice: A case of ‘nutritional wisdom’ in humans?

Many reports show that non-human animals have the ability to select foods based on their micronutrient composition. However, it is unclear whether humans also have this ability, and researchers have lacked appropriate methods to investigate this question. In response to this challenge, we developed an approach that derives evidence from patterns of choices across a range of food images. In two studies (Study 1, N = 45; Study 2, N = 83) adults selected one of two pairs of fruits and vegetables in a series of trials (N = 210). Consistent with variety seeking, they preferred ‘varied’ over ‘monotonous’ pairs (same-food pairs were less attractive). However, and even after controlling for explicit nutritional knowledge (Study 2) and food energy density (Study 1 and 2), we observed a significant tendency to select pairings that offered: i) greater total micronutrient intake and ii) greater ‘micronutrient complementarity’ (MC), i.e., a broader range of micronutrients. In a separate analysis, a similar pattern was observed in two-component meals (e.g., steak and fries) drawn from a large national nutrition survey in the UK (1086 records). Specifically, the MC of these meals was greater than would be predicted by chance (p < .0001) and when a meal provided an excess of micronutrients (>100% daily recommended amount) then this occurred less often than by chance (p < .0001), i.e., ‘micronutrient redundancy’ was avoided. Together, this work provides new evidence that micronutrient composition influences food choice (a form of ‘nutritional wisdom’) and it raises questions about whether nutritional requirements are otherwise met through dietary ‘variety seeking’. In turn, it also exposes the potential for a complexity in human dietary decision making that has not been recognised previously.