Physical Activity Variables Research Articles

Impact of the pandemic on leisure physical activity and alcohol consumption

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic precipitated heightened morbidity and elevated mortality attributed to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pandemic also influenced health behaviors such as physical activity (PA) and alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to examine changes in leisure PA and alcohol consumption in Sweden during the pandemic, and elucidate potential discrepancies in changes across demographic strata and socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsData were retrieved from two waves of the longitudinal cohort study Life conditions, Stress and Health (LSH) (n = 2,523). Two measures of change were used; longitudinal change relative to baseline (2012–2015) and reported change compared to before the pandemic. For these two change measures, differences between sex, age group and SES were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsRegardless of the change measure, the proportion of individuals with diminished PA was notably higher among females compared to males. Furthermore, relative to baseline, females were less likely to have increased their PA, however according to the reported change they were more likely to have increased PA. Longitudinal change in PA compared to baseline followed a reversed age gradient, while, according to reported change, a decrease in PA during the pandemic was most prevalent in respondents 45 years of age at baseline (OR = 1.8, CI: 1.2–2.5) and respondents 50 years of age at baseline (OR = 1.7, CI: 1.2–2.4). High SES was associated with a greater variability in PA. Alcohol consumption was generally reduced during the pandemic. However, individuals aged 40 or 45 years at baseline were more likely than others to have initiated risky alcohol consumption.ConclusionsFemales exhibited a greater propensity to alter their PA levels during the pandemic, with the most profound decreases observed among individuals of working ages. Despite a general downturn in alcohol consumption, individuals aged 40 and 45 had a heightened likelihood of having initiated risky alcohol consumption compared to individuals in other age cohorts. In conclusion, societal restrictions during a pandemic render a dual impact on PA levels. While posing a risk for decreased PA among individuals in working ages, the restrictions also present a potential window of opportunity to increase PA, particularly among females.

The relationship between neighbourhood built characteristics, physical activity, and health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadian adults: A mediation analysis.

ObjectivePhysical activity supportive environments have the potential to promote health-related fitness in adults. However, the extent to which neighbourhood built characteristics promote health-related fitness via physical activity has received little research attention. Therefore, our objective was to estimate the indirect and direct effects between neighbourhood built characteristics and health-related fitness mediated by physical activity. MethodsUsing cross-sectional data collected between 2014 and 2019, we merged neighbourhood built characteristics, physical activity, and health-related fitness variables, derived from two Canadian national databases. Using these data, we estimated sex-stratified covariate-adjusted path models (males: n = 983 to 2796 and females: n = 962 to 2835) to assess if accelerometer-measured light, moderate, and vigorous intensity physical activity mediated associations between objectively measured neighbourhood built characteristics (intersection density, dwelling density, points of interest, and transit density) and health-related fitness (grip strength, jump height, V̇O2max, and flexibility). Across 16 sex-specific models, we estimated 48 indirect and 16 direct effects. ResultsConcerning significant associations, for males we found that 16.6% of indirect and 18.8% of direct were negative and 4.2% of indirect and 0% of direct were positive. For females, we found that 12.5% of indirect and 0% of direct were negative and 0% of indirect and 25% of direct effects were positive. ConclusionsIndividual Canadian Active Living Environment built characteristics are positively associated with moderate-intensity physical activity and negatively associated with light-intensity physical activity. Further, associations between activity friendly neighbourhood characteristics and health related-fitness may be distinct from physical activity.

Is device-measured physical activity associated with musculoskeletal disorders among young adult Finnish men?

Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders represent a significant burden to society and can be unpleasant for the affected individuals. Physical activity (PA) can prevent MSK disorders while conferring other health benefits. The present study aimed to investigate associations between device-measured PA and perceived MSK disorders among young adult men. PA at different intensity levels, standing, and sedentary behavior were measured with a hip-worn accelerometer in a cohort of 422 young adult Finnish men aged 26 years on average. The incidences of three common MSK disorders (viz., knee pain, lumbar radicular pain, and lumbago pain) during the last month were inquired by a questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the associations between the MSK outcomes and explanatory PA variables (PA times at different intensity levels, standing, and sedentary times). The models were controlled for age, education, smoking, BMI, and maximal oxygen uptake. PA, standing, and sedentary times were not significantly associated with the incidence of perceived MSK pain during the last month, except for lumbago pain. Lumbago pain was slightly more probable if the time spent in light PA increased, even after controlling for potential confounding factors, including moderate-to-vigorous PA, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02-1.14). Sedentary time showed an opposite association, with an OR of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-1.00). There were neither positive nor negative clinically meaningful associations between PA and recent MSK disorders among young adult men. The result is surprising and requires further confirmation.

A nutrition intervention study’s effect to hematology profiles on elderly group in social retirement home

The increase in the elderly brings consequences, including a higher risk of disease. Inappropriate nutritional intake is also known as one of the risk factors related to the elderly's non-communicable diseases, and nutritional intervention is essential to improve the elderly nutritional status and quality of life. It was an interventional study with a before-after one-group approach. The study was conducted for three months (October-December 2021) in three social retirement homes. The intervention given was supplementation with additional protein sources and snacks each day. The biochemistry profiles were taken 2 times: before and after three months of intervention, comprised of HbA1c, lipid, transferrin, creatinine, and blood pressure level. The data will be analyzed for its normality before being processed with paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank based on the normality results. The analysis results show that there are significantly lower transferrin levels (p=0.040), an increase in cholesterol level (p=0.000), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level increased from 114.05±32.03 to 125.94±31.41 (p=0.000). There is also a remarkable decrease in hemoglobin (p=0.005) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Conversely, there are an increase in HbA1C (p=0.007) and triglyceride level (p=0.005). There is no significant difference in creatinine level. We conclude that nutrition interventions have a significant effect on elderly blood profiles. However, to achieve an improvement, the study should consider physical activity and other variables that might be altering the results.

Socioeconomic status and physical activity disparities in older adults: Implications for COVID-19 related diabetes cognitive dysfunction

ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on variations in physical activity (PA) levels and diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction and impairment amidst disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsWith the sample of old population, comprising about 20 thousand from the Fact-Finding Survey on the Status of Senior Citizens (FSSSC) released by Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea in 2017 and 2020, we empirically tested the direct and indirect effects of SES on cognitive dysfunction using structural equation modeling (SEM). Two SEMs provided the comparison on the effects of COVID-19. ResultsHousehold income had a negative impact on the likelihood of dementia diagnosis via PA related diabetes during the pandemic (p < 0.001), whereas no effects of household income on dementia diagnosis were found in 2017, due to no direct effect of PA on diabetes confirmation in 2017. The disparity in PA based on SES becomes more prominent among the older individuals during the pandemic (z = 11.7) than 2017 (z = 6.0), emphasizing the significance of PA in mitigating diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction during the pandemic. SES affects access to PA, contributing to diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunctions in the older population with lower SES during the pandemic. ConclusionPA may serve as a preventive measure against diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction and dementia in the older population. Thorough investigation of these mechanisms is imperative to establish the role of PA in preventing diabetes-induced cognitive impairment, particularly among the older population with lower SES.

Differences in daily physical activity by Alzheimer's risk markers among older adults.

Daily physical activity patterns differ by Alzheimer's disease (AD) status and might signal cognitive risk. It is critical to understand whether patterns are disrupted early in the AD pathological process. Yet, whether established AD risk markers (β-amyloid (Aβ) or APOE-ε4) are associated with differences in objectively measured activity patterns among cognitively unimpaired older adults is unclear. Wrist accelerometry, brain Aβ (+/-), and APOE-ε4 genotype were collected in 106 (Aβ) and 472 (APOE-ε4) participants [mean age 76 (SD: 8.5) or 75 (SD: 9.2) years, 60% or 58% women] in the BLSA. Adjusted linear and function-on-scalar regression models examined whether Aβ or APOE-ε4 status was cross-sectionally associated with activity patterns (amount, variability, or fragmentation) overall and by time-of-day, respectively. Differences in activity patterns by combinations of Aβ and APOE-ε4 status were descriptively examined (n=105). There were no differences in any activity pattern by Aβ or APOE-ε4 status overall. Aβ+ was associated with lower total amount and lower within-day variability of physical activity overnight and early evening, and APOE-ε4 carriers had higher total amount of activity in the evening and lower within-day variability of activity in the morning. Diurnal curves of activity were blunted among those with Aβ+ regardless of APOE-ε4 status, but only when including older adults with MCI/dementia. Aβ+ in cognitively unimpaired older adults might manifest as lower amount and variability of daily physical activity, particularly during overnight/evening hours. Future research is needed to examine changes in activity patterns in larger samples and by other AD biomarkers.

Physical Activity Fragmentation and Falls in Older Adults: Findings from the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Physical activity (PA) may be an important fall prevention strategy. Current PA guidelines emphasize total PA dose, but daily patterning of PA is underappreciated. With aging, PA bouts become less frequent and shorter in duration (i.e.: more fragmented). PA fragmentation may be an indicator of fall risk, but the relationship is not well understood. This study examined daily PA accumulation and patterns with fall risk in older adults. Participants (n=685, 54.3% female, 61.5% aged 70-79 years) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) with wrist-worn accelerometry PA data from Round 11 (baseline) and sample person interviews with fall data from Round 12 (follow-up) were included. PA variables were categorized into tertiles and incident falls were defined as ≥1 self-reported fall in the year following the PA assessment between baseline and follow-up. A modified Poisson approach was used to estimate the relative risk of both PA accumulation and fragmentation with falls. Overall, 40.0% reported an incident fall. After adjustment for sociodemographic and health characteristics, those in the highest tertile of total PA accumulation had lower fall risk (aRR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.95) and those in the highest tertile of PA fragmentation had increased fall risk (aRR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.73). Models were attenuated after adjustment for physical functioning. PA fragmentation may identify fall risk in older adults. Longitudinal studies are needed to disentangle the temporal sequencing of the complex relationship between PA and physical functioning across the life-course.

Combined associations of regular exercise and work-related moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with occupational stress responses: a cross-sectional study.

The association between work-related moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and higher levels of stress response is recognized, but whether this association is moderated by regular exercise remains unclear. This cross-sectional study investigated whether exercise-based physical activity (PA) associates with lower levels of stress responses moderated by work-related MVPA. The study participants comprised 863 workers from 35 small and medium-sized enterprises in Shimane prefecture, Japan, collected through convenient sampling from April 2021 to August 2022. The Brief Job Stress Questionnaire was used to assess stress responses. Work-related MVPA and exercise-based PA were measured using questionnaires. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the combined variables of work-related MVPA and exercise-based PA. The reference group had no weekly exercise-based PA and >60 min of work-related MVPA. When work-related MVPA exceeded 60 min/day, flexibility activity or walking for ≥5 days/week (B = -3.53, 95% CI = -5.96, -1.11; B = -2.53, 95% CI = -4.90, -0.16) and muscle-strengthening activity 1-3 times/week (B = -3.52, 95% CI = -6.91, -0.12) were significantly associated with lower psychological stress response. Flexibility activity (B = -1.74, 95% CI = -3.01, -0.46) showed a similar link with physical stress response. When work-related MVPA was below 60 min/day, flexibility activity (B = -3.23, 95% CI = -6.01, -0.44; B = -3.29, 95% CI = -5.94, -0.63) or walking (B = -4.03, 95% CI = -6.62, -1.45; B = -3.10, 95% CI = -5.76, -0.44) practice 1-4 times/week and ≥5 times/week was significantly associated with lower psychological stress response. Exercise-based PA greatly and consistently associates with a lower level of stress responses moderated by work-related MVPA.

Co-construct, implement and evaluate a multi-level intervention to prevent a sedentary lifestyle in children-Study protocol of the CIPRES study.

A sedentary lifestyle is commonly associated with a higher risk of chronic disease development. Among school-aged children from European countries, screen-time represents a significant portion of sedentary time with 39.8% of children spending more than 2h/day in front of a screen on average. Therefore, effective solutions to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) must be found. Multilevel interventions based on the socio-ecological model (SEM) are particularly relevant to take into account influences of the social environment on individuals' SB. Moreover, the trans-contextual model (TCM) can offer complementary levers for individuals' behavior change. The CIPRES study is a theory-based multilevel intervention designed to decrease the SB in French primary school children aged 8-10 years. The present paper describes the protocol of a randomized controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of the CIPRES multilevel intervention on SB. The CIPRES study is a cluster-randomized controlled trial comparing intervention vs control groups. A total of 700 children are targeted for inclusion, distributed in four municipalities considered as clusters. The study consists of two successive phases: 1) co-building of a SB prevention intervention by using a participatory approach involving representatives of each level of the SEM (e.g., children, parents, staff from municipalities, teachers) and 2) implementation and evaluation of the intervention. The intervention will last for 6 weeks in each involved class. Primary outcome will be the sedentary time of children per week, assessed by accelerometry. In addition, children and their parents will be asked to fill out questionnaires concerning children's physical activity level, screen time, quality-of-life and variables of the TCM. This study will give information on the effectiveness of a theory-based intervention, involving multiple levels of actors in the co-construction and the implementation of the intervention, that may interest schools and public health officers looking for innovative sedentary prevention programs.

Predictive Modeling of Heart Rate Dynamics based on Physical Characteristics and Exercise Parameters: A Machine Learning Approach

To accurately forecast heart rate changes during exercise, which is essential for customized health monitoring and improving training regimens, it is necessary to comprehend both the physiological foundations and the technical capacities for data processing. This research utilizes Machine Learning (ML) methodologies to predict heart rate reactions based on physical characteristics and activity variables. Our research focuses on the health and sports aspects of our results, using a comprehensive dataset that includes a wide range of activity types and ambient circumstances across 12,000 sets. We establish a connection between the ability of models such as Linear Regression (LR) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) to predict outcomes and their practical use in exercise management and optimizing athlete performance. These models accurately forecast variations in heart rate and also provide insights into the cardiovascular demands of various physical activities. Standard metrics measure the effectiveness of these models. The Linear Regression (LR) model achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.419, a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.294, a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.543, and an R-Squared value of 0.997. On the other hand, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) Regressor model achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.421, a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.335, a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.578, and an R-Squared value of 0.996. These metrics demonstrate the usefulness of these models in real-world scenarios. Our study's findings demonstrate that the combination of physiological data and powerful machine learning models may improve an individual's comprehension of fitness levels and the requirements for adaptive training. This study not only adds to the field of computational physiology, but it also aids in the creation of adaptive, real-time therapies for improving health and performance.

Internet use and its association with physical activity among adolescents in Beni Municipality, Myagdi, Nepal.

Adolescence is a critical phase marked by distinct health and developmental needs and rights. It represents a pivotal time for the acquisition of knowledge, skills, emotional regulations, and relationship management. However, a recent surge in internet usage among adolescents has been observed, leading to a concerning decline in physical activity. This study aims to evaluate the level of physical activity and its correlation with internet use among adolescents. A cross-sectional study, conducted within educational institutions in Beni, Nepal, utilized a self-structured questionnaire to collect data on physical activity levels and associated factors. The relationship between physical activity and independent variables was assessed through the chi-square test, and regression analysis was employed to quantify the strength of this association. The study revealed that 75.3% of adolescents (out of 385) exhibited inadequate physical activity levels. Notably, late adolescents were more susceptible to insufficient physical activity than their middle adolescent counterparts were. Adolescents from nuclear families (UOR = 2.689, C.I = 4.074-22.822), those with higher monthly family income (UOR = 3.318, C.I = 1.209-9.105), and individuals using Wi-Fi (UOR = 1.801, C.I = 1.117-2.904) demonstrated a higher likelihood of internet addiction. Moreover, these groups were more prone to engage in inadequate physical activity (UOR = 1.1740, C.I = 0.938-3.226) compared to their counterparts not addicted to the internet. The study concludes that over two-thirds of adolescents were addicted to the Internet, and three-fourths were inadequately physically active, with late adolescents being more affected than middle adolescents. Inadequate physical activity was associated with various factors, including family type, monthly family income, monthly pocket money, father's occupation, type of school, type of internet access, and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) score. Internet-addicted adolescents were found to be more likely to be physically inactive.

The Association Between Physical Activity/Heart Rate Variability Data Obtained Using a Wearable Device and Timed Motor Functional Tests in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Pilot Study.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating X-linked muscle disease. Clinical evaluation of DMD uses patient-intensive motor function tests, and the recent development of wearable devices allows the collection of a variety of biometric information, including physical activity. In this study, we examined differences in physical activity and heart rate variability (HRV) between patients with DMD and healthy subjects using a wearable device, and investigated any association between these parameters and motor function in patients with DMD. Participants were 7 patients with DMD and 8 healthy males, whose physical activity and HRV were provided by a wearable device. These data were used to investigate the relationship between both physical activity and HRV parameters and timed motor functional tests [Time to stand from supine, 10-meter walking time (10MWT), North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA), and 6-minute walking test (6MWT)] in patients with DMD. Results of 24-hours physical activity, fat burning, total number of steps and active distance, average step rate, average exercise intensity during walking, exercise, degree of forward lean during walking, maximum heart rate, normalized low frequency power (LF norm), and maximum exercise intensity in patients with DMD were lower than those in control subjects. Physical activity and HRV parameters did not correlate with the time to stand from supine. The 10MWT positively correlated with average heart rate, while NSAA negatively correlated with average heart rate, total frequency power (TF), and very low frequency power (VLF) during arousal. The 6MWT negatively correlated with ratio LF/high frequency power (HF). Physical activity and HRV indices that differ from those of normal children and that correlate with motor function assessment may serve as digital biomarkers.

Motives for engaging in physical activity and psycho-educational variables of university students

At present, despite the emphasis given to empirical studies on the benefits linked to the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits, there are shortcomings when it comes to relating levels of physical activity with the reasons for practicing, especially in the university context. The aim was to analyse the relationships between the motives for physical activity and the levels of sports practice of university students according to gender and areas of study. The sample consisted of 1.524 first-year university students from different degrees at the University of Extremadura (Spain). The instruments used were the Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised (MPAM-R) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The most significant findings reveal significant differences in different variables according to gender in favour of men in the enjoyment dimension, in the social dimension, in competence, in the intensity of activity and in the self-determination index (p &lt; .001). There are also significant differences in the branches of knowledge, related to enjoyment, health and in the self-determination index with p &lt; .001, but also in competence (p &lt; .05). El objetivo fue analizar las relaciones entre los motivos de práctica de actividad física y los niveles de práctica deportiva de los estudiantes universitarios en función del género y las áreas de estudio. La muestra estuvo formada por 1.524 estudiantes universitarios de primer curso de diferentes titulaciones de la Universidad de Extremadura (España). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised (MPAM-R) y el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Los hallazgos más significativos revelan diferencias significativas en distintas variables en función del género a favor de los hombres en la dimensión disfrute, en la dimensión social, en la competencia, en la intensidad de realización de la actividad y en el índice de autodeterminación (p &lt; .001). También existen diferencias significativas en las ramas de conocimiento, relacionadas con el disfrute, la salud y en el índice de autodeterminación con p &lt; .001, pero también en la competencia (p &lt; .05). O objetivo foi analisar as relações entre os motivos para a prática de atividade física e os níveis de prática desportiva dos estudantes universitários em função do sexo e das áreas de estudo. A amostra foi constituída por 1.524 estudantes universitários do primeiro ano de diferentes cursos da Universidade da Extremadura (Espanha). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised (MPAM-R) e o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Os resultados mais significativos revelam diferenças significativas em diferentes variáveis de acordo com o género, a favor dos homens na dimensão do prazer, na dimensão social, na competência, na intensidade da atividade e no índice de autodeterminação (p &lt; .001). Existem também diferenças significativas nos ramos do conhecimento, relacionadas com o prazer, a saúde e no índice de auto-determinação com p &lt; .001, mas também na competência (p &lt; .05).

Predictive Validity of Multifactorial Injury Risk Models and Associated Clinical Measures in the U.S. Population.

Background: Popular movement-based injury risk screens were shown to lack predictive precision, leading to interest in multifactorial models. Furthermore, there is a lack of research regarding injury risk assessment for those currently or planning to be recreationally active. This study aims to provide injury risk insights by analyzing multifactorial injury risk models and associated clinical measures in the U.S. population. Methods: Data related to injury, inflammatory markers, physical functioning, body composition, physical activity, and other variables from 21,033 respondents were extracted from NHANES. Odds ratios for self-reported injury were calculated for single predictors and risk models. Case-control and principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted to elucidate confounders and identify risk factor clusters, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to test the precision of a risk factor cluster to identify pain points and functional difficulties. Results: Sociodemographic, individual, and lifestyle factors were strongly associated with higher odds of injury. Increases in fibrinogen and C-reactive protein were significantly associated with all risk groups. Membership to the high-risk group (age over 40, obesity, no muscle-strengthening activities, sedentary lifestyle, and low back pain) predicted at least one functional difficulty with 67.4% sensitivity and 87.2% specificity. In the injury group, bone turnover markers were higher, yet confounded by age, and there was a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis compared to the control. In males, low testosterone was associated with injury, and high estradiol was associated with pain and functional difficulties. In females, high follicle-stimulating hormone was associated with functional difficulties. PCA revealed four high-risk profiles, with markers and activities showing distinct loadings. Conclusions: A comprehensive approach to injury risk assessment should consider the nexus of aging, lifestyle, and chronic disease to enhance tailored injury prevention strategies, fostering safe and effective physical activity participation and reducing the burden of musculoskeletal disorders.

Distinct profiles of university students engaged in food and alcohol disturbance behaviors

ABSTRACT The present study aimed at exploring the combined effect of risk of eating disorders (ED), alcohol use, physical activity, and social and psychological traits in Food and Alcohol Disturbance (FAD) behaviors. Nine-hundred and seventy-six college students were included in the study. They were then divided into two groups based on the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS): students with a FAD positive score and student with a FAD negative score. Both groups of participants were compared on the risk of ED, alcohol and physical activity variables, as well as social and psychological dimensions. A cluster analysis was performed on the FAD positive group to determine distinct subgroups and to explore the involvement of social and psychological dimensions in FAD behaviors. The comparison between FAD and non-FAD students demonstrated a more severe alcohol use, risk of ED, a higher level of impulsivity, anxiety, depression and more drinking motives as well as a lower self-esteem in students engaged in FAD behaviors compared with non-engaged students. The cluster analysis identified four clusters: the asceticism FAD subgroup, the damage control FAD subgroup, the emotional FAD subgroup and the recreational FAD subgroup. Overall, results reveal that FAD should not be considered as a unitary behavior but rather as a more complex pattern involving distinct psychological profiles.

Physical Activity Levels and Social Cognitive Theory Correlates among Adults with Crohn's Disease: Preliminary Results from a Cross-Sectional Analysis.

There is increasing research and clinical interest in physical activity (PA) as an adjuvant therapy for improving health outcomes among persons with Crohn's disease. To date, little is known regarding PA behavior and its cognitive and behavioral correlates in Crohn's disease. Thus, we assessed self-reported PA and its social cognitive theory (SCT) correlates in a sample of persons with Crohn's disease. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, disease activity, leisure-time PA, and SCT variables were collected from 30 participants with Crohn's disease (90% White, 60% female) through an online survey. SCT variables assessed included exercise self-efficacy, social support, outcome expectations, goal setting, and planning. Analyses involved comparing PA levels and SCT survey scores using independent sample t-tests and non-parametric bivariate correlations. The majority of participants were in clinical remission (60%) and over half (57%) were classified as physically active, yet the mean PA level was lower than normative values for adults. Females (n = 18) and participants who reported previous surgery for Crohn's disease (n = 18) were almost twice as physically active as male participants and those without a history of Crohn's disease-related surgery, respectively (p's < 0.05). Overall, participants who reported greater exercise goal setting behaviors had higher levels of PA (rs = 0.34; p < 0.05). These findings highlight lower overall levels of PA in persons with Crohn's disease, and exercise goal setting represents a potential target of behavior change interventions for increasing PA in this population.

The Relationship of Physical Activity, Energy, and Protein Intake with Nutritional Status in Adolescents at Junior High School

Indonesia is still in a nutritional emergency. Undernutrition or overnutrition is a health problem that is often found in adolescence. Nutritional problems that occur are influenced by an imbalance between physical activity and macronutrient intake in adolescents. This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity, energy intake, and protein intake with nutritional status in adolescent girls. Observational study with a cross-sectional approach conducted in July – August 2023 at Junior High School 2 Long Bagun, Mahakam Ulu Regency, East Kalimantan. A total of 42 adolescents were included as samples based on purposive sampling by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Physical activity variables were measured in the International Physical Activity Questioner (IPAQ) while energy and protein intake were obtained through a 24-hour food recall form. The BMI / U formula measures nutritional status-data analysis using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Our findings show the majority of adolescents with moderate physical activity (76.2%), adequate energy intake (66.7%), and adequate protein intake (66.6%). The results of the relationship analysis showed physical activity (p = 0.001, r = 0.512), energy intake (p = 0.001, r = 0.503), protein intake (p = 0.002, r = 0.459) with the nutritional status of adolescents at Junior High School 2 Long Bagun. There is a significant relationship between physical activity, energy intake, and protein intake with the nutritional status of adolescents at Junior High School 2 Long Bagun. These findings are empirical evidence for the formation of better adolescent health programs

Does Participating in a Variety of Activitiesat a Variety of Locations or With Different People Predict Physical Activity Behavior Among Adolescents? The Mediating Role of Perceived Variety.

We examine whether adolescents' participating in a variety of physical activities, locations, and/or with a variety of people relates to physical activity 16months later and whether perceptions of variety mediate these relationships. Adolescents (N = 369) completed measures indicating various physical activities they participated in, where they primarily participated, and with whom they primarily participated, at three time points over a year (averaged for baseline measures). Perceptions of variety was measured 8months later. Physical activity was measured 16months after baseline. Mediation analyses tested perceptions of variety as a mediator of variety support and physical activity. Results indicated that variety of activities and variety of locations were indirectly associated with physical activity through perceptions of variety. Participating in a breadth of physical activities in a variety of locations during adolescence is positively associated with perceptions of variety, which relates to physical activity 16months later.

Physical Activity, Sleep and Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for college students in Iraq&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;

This study demonstrates the relationship between physical activity, sleep, and health-related quality of life among college students, reporting gender differences in levels of physical activity and sleep.The sample comprised four hundred twenty male and female students from the University of Baghdad's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Three questionnaires were finished to gauge the quality of life concerning health, sleep, and physical activity. Stepwise regression, independent t-tests, and descriptive statistics were used to examine the data.The overall sample's health-related quality of life was strongly predicted by sleep characteristics and vigorous physical activity, according to the results (F = 0.017, p = 0.000). There was no significant correlation found between any level of physical activity and health-related quality of life for females. Still, vigorous and moderate physical activity variables significantly predicted health-related quality of life in males when examined by gender (t = 6.837, df = 309.115, p &lt;.05).Vigorous physical activity and good sleep are beneficial for helping college students improve health-related quality of life, but this benefit may vary by gender.

Objectively assessed sleep quality parameters in Multiple Sclerosis at home: Association to disease, disease severity and physical activity

BackgroundMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease that affects regular mobility and leads predominantly to physical disability. Poor sleep quality, commonly reported in MS patients, impacts their physical activity (PA). Accelerometers monitor 24-h activity patterns, offering insights into disease progression in daily life. ObjectiveTo test if the sleep quality variables of MS patients, as assessed with wrist-worn accelerometers, differ from those of controls and are associated with PA and disease severity variables. MethodsSeven-day raw accelerometer data collected from 40 MS patients and 24 controls was processed using an open-source GGIR package, from which variables of sleep quality (sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep regularity index (SRI), intradaily variability (IV)) and PA (of different intensities: inactivity, light (LPA), moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA)) were analyzed. The variables were compared between the two study groups and in MS patients, correlation tested associations among the variables of sleep quality, PA, and disease severity (assessed with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS). ResultsSleep efficiency was the only variable that differed significantly between MS patients and controls (lower in MS, p = 0.01). Both SRI (positively) and IV (negatively) correlated with the time spent in LPA and MPA. WASO correlated negatively with inactivity. ConclusionThis is one of the few studies with a wrist-worn accelerometer that shows a difference in sleep efficiency between MS patients and controls and, in MS, an association of sleep quality variables with PA variables.