Variety Of Complexes Research Articles

Costate estimation for a multiple-interval pseudospectral method using collocation at the flipped legendre-Gauss-Radau points

A multiple-interval pseudospectral method is presented for direct trajectory optimization and costate estimation of optimal control problems using collocation at the flipped Legendre-Gauss-Radau points. The recently developed global flipped Radau pseudospectral method is one of the special case. The necessary optimality conditions of the multiple-interval differential scaled optimal control problem are rigorously derived for the first time by applying the calculus of variations. Then, the costate and constraint multiplier estimates for the proposed method are derived in detail by comparing the discretized optimality conditions with the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions of the nonlinear programming problem resulting from collocation. Furthermore, in order to improve the numerical stability and alleviate the computational error when calculating the state pseudospectral differentiation matrix, the barycentric Lagrange interpolation is adopted in the state approximation instead of the classic Lagrange interpolation without losing the computational efficiency. The method presented in this paper is applied to two benchmark optimal control problems and is compared with the de-facto standard pseudospectral methods. Extensive numerical results indicate that it has the ability to obtain highly accurate solutions to a wide variety of complex constrained optimal control problems.

Effect of secondary orientation on the microstructures in thin-walled castings of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys

With the increasing turbine inlet temperature of aero-engine, the requirement of temperature capacity of turbine blades is more stringent. A variety of complex cooling structures have been designed, among which the micro cooling represented by lamilloy is the latest development. At present, the thickness of lamilloy turbine blade is 0.5 mm or less. The reason for performance degradation caused by thin-walled is still controversial and the understanding of dendrite growth behaviour under space constraints is insufficient. In this study, 0.75 mm wall thickness nickel-based superalloy DD403 samples were cast by high-rate directional solidification. The growth and evolution of dendrites in plank-shaped specimens with different secondary deviation angles were investigated. The variation of dendrite spacing and the arrangement of dendrites under different secondary deviation angles were studied. It is found that the primary dendrite arm spacing in the thin-walled region decreased with the increase of the secondary deviation angle, but there was no significant change in the average size of γ′ phases and elements segregation.

Shape equilibria of vesicles with rigid planar inclusions.

Motivated by recent studies of two-phase lipid vesicles possessing 2D solid domains integrated within a fluid bilayer phase, we study the shape equilibria of closed vesicles possessing a single planar, circular inclusion. While 2D solid elasticity tends to expel Gaussian curvature, topology requires closed vesicles to maintain an average, non-zero Gaussian curvature leading to an elementary mechanism of shape frustration that increases with inclusion size. We study elastic ground states of the Helfrich model of the fluid-planar composite vesicles, analytically and computationally, as a function of planar fraction and reduced volume. Notably, we show that incorporation of a planar inclusion of only a few percent dramatically shifts the ground state shapes of vesicles from predominantly prolate to oblate, and moreover, shifts the optimal surface-to-volume ratio far from spherical shapes. We show that for sufficiently small planar inclusions, the elastic ground states break symmetry via a complex variety of asymmetric oblate, prolate, and triaxial shapes, while inclusion sizes above about 8% drive composite vesicles to adopt axisymmetric oblate shapes. These predictions cast useful light on the emergent shape and mechanical responses of fluid-solid composite vesicles.

Condom use across casual and committed relationships: The role of relationship characteristics.

While the existence of a complex variety of casual sexual relationships (CSRs) has been acknowledged, studies rarely describe the prevalence of condom use across these relationships or how their hybrid nature, specifically relationship characteristics, affect condom use. This study aims to describe condom use within committed relationships and various types of casual sexual relationships (CSRs), examining the influence of relationship characteristics on condom use among culturally validated relationship types (committed, friends with benefits, hookups, booty call). Emerging adults (N = 728, 18-29 years, M = 22.56; SD = 3.01) completed a survey with four blocks: sociodemographics; brief sexual history; relationships over the previous year; and current relationship, assessing relationship type, ten relationship characteristics (e.g., commitment, emotional and sexual exclusivity, partner acquaintance, sexual involvement) and condom use (vaginal, oral, and anal), operationalized by three measures (use at last encounter, likert-type scale and percentage of use). The results showed patterns in condom use by relationship type and illuminated how relationship characteristics-grouped into three factors: commitment, intimacy, and sexuality-mediate condom use. Condom use was more frequent in vaginal than anal and oral sex, and less frequent in committed relationships. No significant differences were found in condom use in vaginal sex between committed relationships and hookups, with condom in these relationships being significantly lower than in booty call. Intimacy mediated between all contrasts tested and condom use in vaginal sex, while sexuality mediated between committed vs. CSRs and condom use in anal and oral sex. Findings point to the need of considering the diversity of CSRs for understanding condom use and highlight the role of intimacy as a relevant mechanism associated with condom use in vaginal sex and of sexuality in oral and anal sex, which should be taken into consideration in the tailoring of health promoting efforts.

Integration Political and Legal Analysis of Dispute Resolution and Prospects for Digitalization of Justice in the Eurasian Economic Union

The article refers to a system of dispute resolution in the Eurasian Economic Union, tendencies of its reforming and prospects for digitalization as a fundamental feature of regional integration policy improvement. A complex variety of disputes in an integration association is considered: interstate, supranational vertical, supranational horizontal, and cross-border. The appropriate mechanisms for each of them and rationale to enhance integration are discussed. The authors suggest amendments for enhancing the cooperation of the EAEU Court with national courts, as well as evolving other mechanisms (arbitration and mediation). Digitalization of justice is an important element of effective regional policy. Digitization elements, including the Court’s e-cabinets for the parties, electronic signature, digital documents’ circulation, make regional justice accessible, it contributes to peoples’ loyalty for integration decisions. The article proves the necessity to harmonize approaches to online dispute settlement in a transboundary context in the EAEU; the authors draw attention to low-cost cross-border disputes in this context and consider an opportunity of creating online dispute resolution platform driven by the Commission. Improvements in regional system of dispute resolution are proved necessary to sustain integration economic and political processes in Eurasia, to promote transparency, accessibility of justice as an element of regional integration policy.

EVIDENCE THAT CONSERVED ESSENTIAL GENES ARE ENRICHED FOR PRO-LONGEVITY FACTORS

Abstract At the cellular level, many aspects of aging are conserved across species. This has been demonstrated by numerous studies in simple model organisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabdits elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster. Functional genomic studies in these models have contributed enormously to our understanding of conserved genetic pathways influencing aging in evolutionarily divergent organisms. From this perspective, essential genes that are evolutionarily constrained and functionally conserved should be more relevant to the regulation and evolution of aging. However, because most genetic screens examine loss of function mutations or decreased expression of genes through reverse genetics, essential genes have often been overlooked as potential modulators of the aging process. By taking the approach of increasing the expression level of conserved essential genes, we found that 23% of these genes resulted in increased replicative lifespan in S. cerevisiae. This is greater than the ~3.5% of genes found to affect lifespan upon deletion, suggesting that activation of essential genes may have a relatively disproportionate effect on increasing lifespan. These essential prolongevity genes function in a variety of pathways and complexes highlighting both known and previously unknown longevity pathways and their previously unknown essential components. The results of our experiments demonstrate that essential gene overexpression is a rich, relatively unexplored means of increasing eukaryotic lifespan.

A non-archimedean definable Chow theorem

Peterzil and Starchenko have proved the following surprising generalization of Chow’s theorem: A closed analytic subset of a complex algebraic variety that is definable in an o-minimal structure is in fact an algebraic subset. In this paper, we prove a non-archimedean analogue of this result.

Bentonite Clays from Southeastern Spain as Sustainable Natural Materials for the Improvement of Cements, Mortars and Concretes

The effects of global climate change are becoming more evident and accelerating at an unprecedented pace. For this reason, human activities urgently need a paradigm shift to stop this entropic process before the consequences become irreversible. In this sense, the use of highly eco-efficient materials aimed at conveniently neutralizing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions entering into the atmosphere can contribute significantly to mitigating and reversing this process. This work aims to demonstrate the positive effects obtained when Portland cement is partially replaced by bentonite clays of volcano-sedimentary origin. The samples were initially characterized by various methods, such as Thin-Section Petrographic Study (TSP) and the analysis of mineral phases with XRD, chemical composition was determined via XRF, and morphological analysis was determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To determine the technical properties of the samples, a qualitative chemical analysis (QCA) was performed, as well as a chemical analysis of pozzolanicity (CAP) at 8 and 15 days, respectively, and a study of the mechanical compressive strengths at 2, 7, 28 and 90 days. Characterization studies using TSP, DRX, FRX and SEM established that these bentonite clays have a complex mineralogical variety, composed mainly of smectite, mordenite, plagioclase and biotite, as well as altered volcanic glass and sericite. The results of the qualitative chemical analysis establish that more than 93% of the SiO2 present in the samples is reactive. Chemical analysis of pozzolanicity (CAP) showed significant pozzolanic behavior in all samples analyzed at both 8 and 15 days, while mechanical tests highlighted significant increases in mechanical strengths, with maximum values varying between 52.2 and 70.6 MPa at 90 days. These results show that the materials can be used as quality pozzolans for the manufacture of cements, mortars and concretes, which could be considered as a favorable factor and, therefore, relevant in the management and control of greenhouse gas emissions responsible for the deterioration of the environment.

A qualitative study understanding immigrant Latinas, violence, and available mental health care.

Women from Latin American countries experience high levels of psychological and physical abuse and violence. Immigrant Latina women are often subjected to a patriarchal system in both family and government, which has resulted in a variety of complex and far-reaching outcomes. This qualitative study sought to understand the experiences of immigrant Latina women who were exposed to violence, as well as their access to mental health care. This study used 20 interviews with immigrant Latina women from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico who had accessed mental health services in California. The primary themes that emerged from analysis of the data included motivating factors for seeking services (e.g., motherhood, community, hope, and mental health needs), barriers to accessing services (e.g., fatalism, marianismo, stigma, finances, language barriers, threats, abuse, and systemic insensitivity), and treatment and solutions (e.g., empathy, advocacy, and community approaches). These results appeared to be indicative of the importance of addressing sociopolitical, historical, and cultural trauma as an imperative component of effective treatment. In this context, the authors explore liberation psychology, a concept and approach that promotes social justice values and emphasizes the empowerment of immigrant Latina women in clinical practice. It is recommended that the historical sociocultural abuse of immigrant Latina women be thoughtfully considered and discussed in the therapeutic process to create lasting psychological change. Future research, policy efforts, and program development, including psychotherapeutic treatment modalities, should focus specifically on marginalized groups facing barriers to mental health care in order to increase access and effectiveness of treatment.

The Expression of Mucin-4 (MUC4) in Sarcomas Apart From Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma and Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma.

Background Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) and sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) are two rare but aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that can be difficult to distinguish due to histopathological similarities. The present study examines the diagnostic capacities of mucin-4 (MUC4), a transmembrane mucin, in identifying different types of sarcomas and broadens its evaluation to include a wide range of sarcomas. Methods Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of tissue samples from various sarcomas was performed using a mouse anti-MUC4 monoclonal antibody. IHC was conducted on 4-mm thick formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections after pressure cooker antigen retrieval with a mouse anti-MUC4 monoclonal antibody. Results MUC4 was shown to be highly expressed in SEF (n=13) and LGFMS (n=10), while focal positivity in synovial sarcoma (n=1). Other sarcomas, such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, and myxofibrosarcoma, exhibited no expression (n=0). These findings are consistent with previous research and support MUC4 specificity as a SEF and LGFMS marker.This study provides information on the diagnostic efficacy of MUC4, particularly in the context of certain subtypes. It not only helps our understanding of these unique instances, but it also provides context for histopathological and IHC findings in soft tissue sarcoma. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of age and gender on MUC4 expression in a range of sarcomas, which was typically understudied in the literature and found no relation with expression of MUC4. Conclusion In conclusion, this study adds to our understanding of soft tissue sarcomas by emphasizing the crucial role of MUC4 in certain sarcoma subtypes while acknowledging the complex variety of the sarcoma landscape. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanism that governs marker expression patterns, as well as the therapeutic implications.

Subtle structural variations in new mixed-ligand Cu(II) complexes with NN'O type unsymmetrical Schiff bases: Molecular docking against SARS-Cov-2 and its Omicron variant main proteases

A variety of new mixed-ligand Schiff-base complexes with general formula [Cu(SBn)(py)]ClO4 (n = 1–5) and [Cu(SBn)(BTZ)]ClO4 (n = 1a–5a) were synthesized and characterized. In these complexes, the NN'O-type unsymmetrical Schiff-base ligands (SBn) were formed from the equimolar condensation of 1,2-ethylenediamine with salicylaldehyde (1, 1a), 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde (2, 2a), 3,5-dibromosalicylaldehyde (3, 3a), 3-methoxy-5-bromosalicylaldehyde (4, 4a) and 6-methoxysalicylaldehyde (5, 5a). The complexes were characterized by FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of the complexes 3, 2a, 3a, 4a and 5a were also obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). Molecular docking studies were done on SARS-Cov-2 Mpro (PDB ID: 6LU7) and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant protease (PDB ID: 7TLL). Based on estimated free binding energy (EFBE), the complex (3a) showed the highest activity. The complexes (2 and 1) against 6LU7, and (1 and 4) against 7TLL showed the least EFBE. The EFBE results were better than the four studied standard drugs (Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, Dexamethasone and Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine). The molecular docking results are discussed based on the structural properties of the main ligands in the complexes.

Universally irreducible subvarieties of Siegel moduli spaces

Abstract A subvariety of a quasi-projective complex variety X is called “universally irreducible” if its preimage inside the universal cover of X is irreducible. In this paper we investigate sufficient conditions for universal irreducibility. We consider in detail complete intersection subvarieties of small codimension inside Siegel moduli spaces of any finite level. Moreover, we show that, for g ≥ 3 {g\geq 3} , every Siegel modular form is the product of finitely many irreducible analytic functions on the Siegel upper half-space ℍ g {{\mathbb{H}}_{g}} . We also discuss the special case of singular theta series of weight 1 2 {\frac{1}{2}} and of Schottky forms.

Distinguishing Different Stackings in Layered Materials via Luminescence Spectroscopy.

Despite its simple crystal structure, layered boron nitride features a surprisingly complex variety of phonon-assisted luminescence peaks. We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on ultraviolet-light emission in hexagonal and rhombohedral bulk boron nitride crystals. Emission spectra of high-quality samples are measured via cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, displaying characteristic differences between the two polytypes. These differences are explained using a fully first-principles computational technique that takes into account radiative emission from "indirect," finite-momentum excitons via coupling to finite-momentum phonons. We show that the differences in peak positions, number of peaks, and relative intensities can be qualitatively and quantitatively explained, once a full integration over all relevant momenta of excitons and phonons is performed.

Seshadri constants of parabolic vector bundles

Let X be a complex projective variety, and let E_* be a parabolic vector bundle on X with parabolic structure on a divisor. We introduce the notion of parabolic Seshadri constants of E_* . It is shown that these constants are analogous to the classical Seshadri constants of vector bundles, in particular they have parallel definitions and properties. We prove a Seshadri criterion for parabolic ampleness of E_* in terms of the parabolic Seshadri constants of it. We also compute parabolic Seshadri constants for symmetric powers and tensor products of parabolic vector bundles.

Decomposition of a manganese complex loaded on TiO2 nanoparticles under photochemical reaction

Water splitting, through electrochemical and photochemical methods, is a promising approach for large-scale hydrogen production. However, the efficiency of these methods is hindered by the water-oxidation reaction (WOR). A variety of Mn complexes have been explored as potential models for water-oxidizing complex in Photosystem II. Among different Mn complexes, [H2O(terpy)MnIII(μ-O)2MnIV(terpy)H2O](NO3)3 (1, terpy = 2,2’:6′2″-terpyridine) has been extensively studied under WOR conditions. In this study, the reactivity of 1 is investigated when loaded onto TiO2 nanoparticles and subjected to photochemical conditions. Our main goal was to identify possible products that could arise from the conversion of 1 given the specified conditions. After conducting various analytical methods, it was determined that the reaction yielded MnOx and Mn(II) species as the resulting reaction products. These findings offer valuable insights into the progress of advanced WOR catalysts and the underlying mechanism of efficient water splitting for energy storage.

Development of an Automated, High-Throughput Methodology for Native Mass Spectrometry and Collision-Induced Unfolding.

Native ion mobility mass spectrometry (nIM-MS) has emerged as a useful technology for the rapid evaluation of biomolecular structures. When combined with collisional activation in a collision-induced unfolding (CIU) experiment, nIM-MS experimentation can be leveraged to gain greater insight into biomolecular conformation and stability. However, nIM-MS and CIU remain throughput limited due to nonautomated sample preparation and introduction. Here, we explore the use of a RapidFire robotic sample handling system to develop an automated, high-throughput methodology for nMS and CIU. We describe native RapidFire-MS (nRapidFire-MS) capable of performing online desalting and sample introduction in as little as 10 s per sample. When combined with CIU, our nRapidFire-MS approach can be used to collect CIU fingerprints in 30 s following desalting by using size exclusion chromatography cartridges. When compared to nMS and CIU data collected using standard approaches, ion signals recorded by nRapidFire-MS exhibit identical ion collision cross sections, indicating that the same conformational populations are tracked by the two approaches. Our data further suggest that nRapidFire-MS can be extended to study a variety of biomolecular classes, including proteins and protein complexes ranging from 5 to 300 kDa and oligonucleotides. Furthermore, nRapidFire-MS data acquired for biotherapeutics suggest that nRapidFire-MS has the potential to enable high-throughput nMS analyses of biopharmaceutical samples. We conclude by discussing the potential of nRapidFire-MS for enabling the development of future CIU assays capable of catalyzing breakthroughs in protein engineering, inhibitor discovery, and formulation development for biotherapeutics.

Identifying and predicting stereotype change in large language corpora: 72 groups, 115 years (1900-2015), and four text sources.

The social world is carved into a complex variety of groups each associated with unique stereotypes that persist and shift over time. Innovations in natural language processing (word embeddings) enabled this comprehensive study on variability and correlates of change/stability in both manifest and latent stereotypes for 72 diverse groups tracked across 115 years of four English-language text corpora. Results showed, first, that group stereotypes changed by a moderate-to-large degree in manifest content (i.e., top traits associated with groups) but remained relatively more stable in latent structure (i.e., average cosine similarity of top traits' embeddings and vectors of valence, warmth, or competence). This dissociation suggests new insights into how stereotypes and their consequences may endure despite documented changes in other aspects of group representations. Second, results showed substantial variability of change/stability across the 72 groups, with some groups revealing large shifts in manifest and latent content, but others showing near-stability. Third, groups also varied in how consistently they were stereotyped across texts, with some groups showing divergent content, but others showing near-identical representations. Fourth, this variability in change/stability across groups was predicted from a combination of linguistic (e.g., frequency of mentioning the group; consistency of group stereotypes across texts) and social (e.g., the type of group) correlates. Groups that were more frequently mentioned in text changed more than those rarely mentioned; sociodemographic groups changed more than other group types (e.g., body-related stigmas, mental illnesses, occupations), providing the first quantitative evidence of specific group features that may support historical stereotype change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Local systems with quasi-unipotent monodromy at infinity are dense

We show that complex local systems with quasi-unipotent monodromy at infinity over a normal complex variety are Zariski dense in their moduli.

Epistemological and conceptual problems in the scientific study of anomalous experience

Anomalous experience is defined as an unusual experience and although it is experienced by a substantial number of people in a population, it differs from ordinary experience and thus from commonly accepted explanations of reality. It is essential to point out that there are reports of an enormous and complex variety of so-called anomalous experiences, encompassing a diversity of experiences, leading to a conceptual difficulty. To this end, we carried out a reflection, based on theoretical and bibliographical studies in the concept of anomalous experience, in order to explore the terminologies concerning the anomalous and to verify the reason for the difficulty of consensus about the theme. Exploring the existing terminologies in relation to the anomalous experience, a difficulty of clarity and conceptual systematization guided in its nature was identified in appropriation and conceptual use. In our discussion we explain certain historical-epistemological points of nomenclatures and areas of knowledge used in diverse experiences, specifically those linked to anomalies, such as the parapsychological experiences marked by Parapsychology and the religious experiences by the Psychology of Religion and Phenomenology of Religion; in order to problematize the difficulty that Anomalistic Psychology presents in the study and differentiation of these experiences.

A novel route-plan-guided artificial potential field method for ship collision avoidance: Modeling, integration and test

To address the technical difficulties of artificial potential filed (APF)-based automatic collision avoidance (CA) algorithms, a stable and reliable technological framework was established for autonomous CA from the perspectives of navigation practice and real-ship application. First, an improved route-plan-guided APF (RPGAPF) approach was introduced, considering the ship motion and constraints by the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS). Second, a simulation-based real-ship accompanying test system (SRSATS) was well-designed for the intelligent navigation projects and installed on a 45.0 m length ship. Third, various real-ship open-loop CA tests were conducted under different encountering situations, and concurrently, simulation testing in both open-loop and closed-loop were carried out. The results indicated that simulation tests may be used as precursors before real-ship trials, and that the proposed SRSATS can be employed as a practical verification method for real-ship testing to generate variety of complex encountering situations. The CA procedures and results for the corresponding real-ship and simulation tests produced similar trends, and the improved RPGAPF approach can be applied in real-ship automatic CA systems owing to its dependability, determinism, and repeatability. This study proposes a complete solution for the APF-base CA approach, including system modelling, integration and testing. The findings provide valuable insights into the ship CA research and contribute to the improvement of ship intelligence.