Variety Of Communication Strategies Research Articles

Корпоративный сайт как средство создания образа успешной адвокатской организации (на материале сайта московской коллегии адвокатов «Жорин и партнеры»)

Corporate websites play an important role in cultivating the image of a successful law firm. The authors analyzed the website of Zhorin and Partners Bar Association, Moscow, to verify this hypothesis. Various structural elements were responsible for highlighting particular features of the firm and its employees, e.g., professionalism, success, high profile, etc. The site proved to be interactive and demonstrated an admirable ratio of static and dynamic content. The analysis revealed five strategies of positive image cultivation: the firm was described as accredited, authoritative, successful, and prestigious, sometimes in an exaggerated way. Each strategy had its own language means. The website of Zhorin and Partners demonstrated an elaborate structure, a well-structured content, a high-quality linguistic design, and a variety of communication strategies. All the elements of the website contributed to a positive image of the law firm and its public promotion.

Using a Mixed-Methods Needs Analysis to Ensure the Sustainability and Success of English for Nursing Communication Courses: Improving Nurse-Patient Engagement Practices in Globalized Health Care

To better engage with patients, nurses need employ various communication skills, particularly “engagement strategies” that enable them to understand, elicit or empathize with patients’ concerns. Such engagement is essential to delivering good patient-centered care. This paper describes one part of a mixed-methods needs analysis: the aim was to find and analyze illustrative examples of actual nursing communication in English that showed engagement with between nurses and patients within an intercultural/international context in mainland China, where nurses are increasingly needing to interact with patients in English due to globalization. To confirm and concretely illustrate previously established engagement strategies found in the literature, direct observations were made of a nurse’s authentic interactions with a non-Chinese patient, which were then complemented by a post-observation interview. A detailed linguistic analysis of the data yielded a rich qualitative description of how engagement was practiced, along with quantitative data on the typical distribution and variety of communication strategies in everyday nurse-patient interactions. Drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), this paper details how various strategies for different speech functions were used within the different discourse moves of the interactions, and argues for a more central focus on the teaching of these useful engagement strategies and their patterns of use. The pedagogical benefits and clinical implications of this study will be apparent to practitioners of English for specific purposes (ESP) and nurse educators around the world who are involved in teaching nursing communication in English-medium or international contexts.

Gendered perspective on online communication strategies: A case on English department students

This study aims to investigate whether gender influence on online communication strategies performed by the English Department. This study provides types of communication strategies, the frequency of communication strategies used, and the factors that influence students in differentiating communication strategies used by both male and female students. The researcher used qualitative approach. Online face-to-face conversation and interview were chosen as the data collection technique. For the research instruments that the researcher used were communication strategies sheet, interview, and audio and video recording. The participants of this study were the eight semester students of English Department. The data collected were analyzed used communication strategies taxonomies proposed by Celce-Murcia et al. (1995). The results of this study show that used variety of communication strategies. The most frequent communication strategy used both male and female students is fillers, hesitation devices, and gambits. It was proven by the percentage that was 50%. The least used communication strategy by the students is circumlocution (0,07%). Related to gender, female students almost show higher number of occurrences for all of the communication strategies than male students. This phenomenon happened due to some factors such as the female characteristics that is socially oriented, expressive and avoid making mistakes. Meanwhile, male students showed characteristics such as talk simpler, have a great willingness to manage anxiety and they seem to conceal their inability to others.

Overcoming communication barriers in a multicultural radiography setting.

BackgroundEffective communication between the patients and radiographers can be a daunting task in a multicultural, multilingual environment. With 11 official languages, South Africans experience language barriers amongst themselves, which pose unique communication challenges on a daily basis. It is thus important to explore how radiographers overcome such challenges to provide an effective service to their patients.AimThe aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of radiographers in Gauteng province in communicating with patients in a multilingual, multicultural healthcare setting and make recommendations towards overcoming such barriers.SettingThe focus group discussions were conducted in English and at a private location that was convenient for the participants in Gauteng.MethodThe study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach using focus group interviews (FGIs) to solicit the experiences of participants and gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon.ResultsThe findings showed that patient–radiographer cross-cultural communication is ineffective whilst language barriers are encountered daily. Participants subsequently offered a number of recommendations to enhance communication with patients from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. These included workshops or short courses to improve language skills, posters to allow for non-verbal communication, the use of professional interpreters or mobile translation technology, employment of a diverse workforce and a focus on cultural sensitivity and learning an additional language at tertiary level.ConclusionAlthough a variety of communication strategies are available, the most appropriate combination should be explored for individual radiology practices in order to serve their respective diverse patient base. Recommendations that emanated from this study can, therefore, be used as a guide to radiology practices to facilitate effective patient–radiographer communication.

Communicating to Non-Speaking Critically Ill Patients: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Technique as an Essential Strategy.

IntroductionCommunication with hospitalized patients is crucial to improve the quality and safety of health care.MethodsThe study assessed the communication methods used by nurses while communicating to non-speaking critically ill patients. The participants included staff nurses working in ICU, CICU, HD units of neuro- surgical, orthopedic, medical and oncology wards. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit a total number of 194 nurses. The communication methods used were assessed by a questionnaire comprised of a list of 21 strategies used to communicate with non-speaking patients.ResultsThe most commonly used strategies were reading the patient’s mouthing words, encouraging the patient by telling them that they are doing well and nurses helping them to get better, assessing the patients for their communication ability, “thumps up” to indicate “yes”, “shake head” indicating “no”, use OK, or point to body parts, speaking slowly and waiting for the patient’s response, spending time to listen patiently to what the patient say and touching the non-speaking critically ill patient when the nurse speaks with the patient.ConclusionThe study reported that the nurses used variety of communication strategies while communicating to non- speaking critically ill patients. However very few nurses used Augmentative and alternative communication strategies to communicate to non-speaking critically ill patients. The study recommends the importance of establishing Augmentative and Alternative Communication strategies in the hospitals.

“It’s a very nuanced discussion with every woman”: Health care providers’ communication practices during contraceptive counseling for patients with substance use disorders

ObjectiveTo explore health care providers’ communication practices during contraceptive counseling for women with substance use disorders (SUDs). Study DesignIn 2019, we conducted semi-structured phone interviews with a purposive sample of medical doctors and advanced practice nurses (n = 24). A two-member team analyzed these interviews for themes using deductive and inductive techniques and ATLAS.ti to manage the data. ResultsProviders discussed that developing strong interpersonal relationships and trust is critically important to provide effective contraceptive counseling to women with SUDs. Providers reported exchanging information with patients by asking open-ended questions, tailoring discussions to patients’ responses, and being direct but not judgmental. To facilitate contraceptive decision-making, providers described eliciting patients’ preferences for contraceptive methods while simultaneously using their own clinical judgment and professional experience to identify which methods would be most effective and appropriate for their patients. Most often these were long-acting reversible contraceptive methods, and providers emphasized the benefits of these methods for women with SUDs. ConclusionProviders used a variety of communication strategies, some of which were grounded in the principles of patient-centered care and others that were directive, to discuss contraception with women with SUDs. ImplicationsBecause of past and ongoing stigma and discrimination by health care professionals and the general public, women with SUDs may be distrustful of contraceptive providers. Patient-centered contraceptive counseling may be an effective approach to increase trust and improve relationships and communication between women with SUDs and their providers. Additional research with women with SUDs is needed to understand women’s experiences with and preferences for patient-provider communication during contraceptive counseling.

Oncology multidisciplinary clinic development.

62 Background: In 2014 it was decided that a multidisciplinary approach would be beneficial for our breast cancer patients. A pre-conference for a multidisciplinary discussion on the treatment plan for the patients and their ability to see medical oncology, surgical oncology, and radiation oncology in one visit was the goal. Methods: A multidisciplinary planning committee was established to discuss operational issues. Location of the pre-conference and exam rooms were assigned along with the development of the MDC schedule templates for the physicians. The staffing resources were identified along with any additional equipment or supplies. Key staff were engaged to determine a new scheduling workflow including how patient referrals would be handled between departments, phone numbers the patient/family or physician would call for an appointment, and scripted messages to educate all on this model of care. Physicians developed triage questions to direct the caller to appropriate clinic and schedule an MDC appointment. A single phone number was created to ensure adequate access. Physician leadership and the managers of the affected areas worked with marketing on developing a variety of communication strategies to introduce the multidisciplinary initiative to providers, staff, referral networks, and patients. Results: Since the pilot in 2014, additional breast, thyroid/endocrine, thoracic, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal/colorectal MDC clinics have been launched as the outcomes have been very positive. Total MDC’s visits have increased by 200% from 132 in 2017 to 399 projected in 2019. Market share in the MDC programs has increased an average of 3.6 points. There has been a 44% increase in diagnosis at an earlier stage and both patient and provider satisfaction have trended upwards. Conclusions: The MDC’s have been a positive addition to our cancer program. The comprehensive approach to care has resulted in quality experience for all touched by cancer.

Generational Differences and Multigenerational Teamwork.

Generational Differences and Multigenerational Teamwork.

Hide and don’t seek: analyzing strategies for concealing organizations and their members

ABSTRACTAlthough the contemporary landscape is filled with organizations promoting their identity to various audiences, we know very little about how a different set of collectives purposely conceal themselves (e.g., anonymous support groups, secret societies, covert military units, terrorist organizations). In this study, we qualitatively analyzed concealment strategies used by 12 hidden organizations as they attempt to hide themselves and their members to achieve various goals. We found both organizations and their members use a variety of communicative strategies to conceal themselves, which we label administrative, partial concealment, complete concealment, deception, moving target (organization only), and membership exit (individual member only). These findings have implications for hidden organizations and those who wish to reveal them; furthermore, they add to our understanding of the role of communication in concealing and revealing organizational identity.

���������� ���� ��������: ������ ������������� �����������)

Nowadays, companies who want to engage environment-friendly consumers increasingly rely on green-economy oriented campaigns. Such categories of (ethical) consumers are numerically increasing, and expressions evoking environmental friendliness are becoming particularly trendy. In this vein, words such as ‘sustainability’ have been variously recontextualized/reframed and have become an ‘ought to’ for media-savvy companies ‘with a vision’ - Walmart, the American multinational retail corporation, being a relevant case in point. It is no accident that, on the first Google page for ‘sustainability’, ‘Walmart’ proudly surfaces:http://corporate.walmart.com/global-responsibility/sustainability. The company has made an explicit commitment not just to expand the business but also to improve communities and enhance the sustainability of the products they sell, by encouraging more responsible production practices, while at the same time making product choices more affordable for customers, as reported on its website. However, as the world’s largest company, Walmart is an easy target for attack mainly by environmentalists. Sometimes, Walmart gives its critics grounds for some legitimate criticism in a variety of fields ranging from the supply chain emissions to renewable energy and preserving habitat. Such criticism resonates across the media, owing to their ‘lack of closure’ (Laclau and Mouffe 1985), finalized to offer an unbiased perspective. Against this ‘complexified’ (Macgilchrist 2007) background, our study aims to examine, from a broadly Multimodal and Positive Discourse Analysis perspective, the Walmart website ‘sustainability’ pages with their variety of communicative strategies, advertising ‘responsible’ Walmart positive attitudes to fundamental issues like Energy, Waste, Products and Responsible Sourcing.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ДИСКУРС: ВЕРБАЛЬНАЯ ЭКЗЕМПЛИФИКАЦИЯ ТАКТИКО-СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДПОЧТЕНИЙ

The article proposes a comparative analysis of language constructs representing the framework of speech strategies and tactics, the totality of which determines the arrangement of political communication in different lingual cultures. The relevance of the article is determined by the very object of research. The political field, being an integral part of the ethnic culture in any society, represents a complex conglomerate of ideas, where the goals and interests of the state and its elite groups are indicated. Evolving on the basis of linguistic material accumulated by society, the policy is implemented primarily in the process of verbal interaction which aims at forming a certain picture of the world in the society. Accordingly, a person’s linguistic activity in the sphere of politics is an acquisition, exercise and preservation of political power mediated in signs.In this regard, the entire formal organization of political discourse is subject to the need for an effective implementation of the impact function, which is instrumented by a variety of communication strategies and tactics. Intentional “message” of political discursive practice inevitably changes in the act of individual language situation. Therefore, the most “significant” figures of political interaction (in our case, the heads of foreign affairs agencies) are of scientific interest, as they largely determine the ideological position of various social groups. Accordingly, the feature characteristics of their speeches can be regarded as the dominant characteristics of national political practice and considered as basis for creating a typed communicative portrait of a political figure. Moreover, the derivative meanings generated as a result of the use of certain speech strategies and tactics by political actors, on the basis of semantic-semiotic associations, develop further and gradually pass into adjacent discursive fields establishing new semantic links. The highly complicated language (text/discursive) units structured in this way are characterized not only by the high expressive and emotional potential and the “multi-layered” semantic “message”, but also by some typification, which causes their wide distribution in the acts of political communication. Thus, the political logosphere is not so much a product of society activity as its modifier. Penetrating all layers of universal logosphere, it actively forms the speech practice of the subjects included in it, their hierarchical structure as well as the linguistic ethnic universe as a whole.

A study of Chinese engineering students’ communication strategies in a mobile-assisted professional development course

<p class="Els-Abstract-text">The development of students’ professional skills is an important issue in higher education in China. This research reports a 3-month study investigating engineering students’ communication strategies (CS) while they were interacting to do a 12-week mobile-assisted learning project, i.e., “Organizing and Attending a Model International Conference”. This learning project was a major teaching module of the English course of Professional Applications, which used a blended mode of face-to-face instruction and mobile learning. The two theoretical constructs guiding the current study are Communication Strategies and Linguistic Interdependence. Fifty-seven students volunteered to participate in the study. The instruments included eight oral communication sessions, a questionnaire, stimulated recall interviews, the participants’ WeChat exchanges, etc. Results showed that the participants used a variety of CSs when completing the academic tasks. Moreover, these CSs were closely related to the students’ involvement in meaning negotiation and social interaction. Furthermore, the use of strategies to solve communication problems revealed that the participants employed different strategies at different times when doing different tasks. It is suggested that instructors have CS training tailored to their students’ professional needs. Future research should focus on a longitudinal investigation of the amount of scaffolding that helps students transfer their communication strategies across tasks.</p><p> </p>

Assessment of immigrant certified nursing assistants’ communication when responding to standardized care challenges

ObjectiveCertified nursing assistants (CNAs) provide 80% of the hands-on care in US nursing homes; a significant portion of this work is performed by immigrants with limited English fluency. This study is designed to assess immigrant CNA's communication behavior in response to a series of virtual simulated care challenges. MethodsA convenience sample of 31 immigrant CNAs verbally responded to 9 care challenges embedded in an interactive computer platform. The responses were coded with the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS), CNA instructors rated response quality and spoken English was rated. ResultsCNA communication behaviors varied across care challenges and a broad repertoire of communication was used; 69% of response content was characterized as psychosocial. Communication elements (both instrumental and psychosocial) were significant predictors of response quality for 5 of 9 scenarios. Overall these variables explained between 13% and 36% of the adjusted variance in quality ratings. ConclusionImmigrant CNAs responded to common care challenges using a variety of communication strategies despite fluency deficits. Practice implicationsVirtual simulation-based observation is a feasible, acceptable and low cost method of communication assessment with implications for supervision, training and evaluation of a para-professional workforce.

The Time Varying Nature of Political Communication

Research shows that political actors can employ a variety of communication strategies to influence the political preferences of the mass public --- agenda-setting, persuasion, issue framing, and priming. Existing research assumes, however, that the effectiveness of these messages is time invariant. Yet, the dynamic and competitive nature of politics should lead to a time-varying relationship between some political messages and public opinion. Moreover, the time-varying nature of this relationship should not be entirely idiosyncratic. Instead, it should depend on several systematic factors such as changes in social conditions and changes in social norms. An analysis of the over-time movement in public preferences toward punitive criminal justice policies provides an ideal means to test the time-varying relationship between political communication and public opinion. Scholars agree that the rising support for punitive policies is tied to the social construction of crime by politicians and the news media, but disagree about what type of political message is responsible for the increase in punitive sentiment.

Communicating with individuals receiving home mechanical ventilation: the experiences of key communication partners

Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore the communication experiences of key communications partners (CPs) of individuals receiving home mechanical ventilation (HMV), with particular emphasis on the possibilities, difficulties and limitations CPs experienced in communication, possible support given to facilitate communication and exploring what made a skilled communicator. Method: A qualitative research design using interviews was used. The participants included 19 key CPs of individuals receiving HMV. Results: The analysis resulted in five themes: Encountering communication limitations, Functional communication strategies, Being a communication facilitator, Role insecurity and Emotional reactions and coping. The findings revealed that CPs needed to develop partly new reference frames for communication. In particular, participants emphasised the need to understand and interpret subtle details in the communicative interaction. Conclusions: The findings are discussed in the light of previous research, in particular an earlier study exploring another perspective; the ventilator-supported individuals’ experiences of communication. Issues relating to the educational needs of CPs of individuals receiving HMV are discussed. The results are intended to enhance understanding of the challenges that individuals receiving HMV and their CPs face with communication, which should be of relevance not only to speech therapists, but for all healthcare practitioners in the field of HMV.Implications for RehabilitationIndividuals receiving home mechanical ventilation (HMV) as well as their communication partners (CPs) face many challenges with communication.Skilled CPs adopt a variety of communication strategies and roles to support the communication of individuals receiving HMV and to enhance empowerment.It is important to promote care continuity, as experience is an important factor in being a skilled communicator.Speech therapists should play an active role in the management of individuals receiving HMV and their CP training.

Effects of Different Types of Tasks on Junior ELT Students’ Use of Communication Strategies in Computer-Mediated Communication

This study describes the use of communication strategies in a synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) environment and examine whether task type has an influence on the frequency and variety of communication strategies (CS) used in this environment. To this end, use of CSs in three different communicative task types: jigsaw, decision-making and opinion-exchange were examined, based on and adapted from Dörnyei and Scott’s (1997) and Smith’s (2003) CS taxonomies. The data for this study was collected from 36 junior ELT students studying in a Turkish university. The results showed that the participants made use of a variety of CSs that were previously observed in face-to-face communication, and they used some CSs which are peculiar to CMC environment. It was also found that task type affected the frequency and type of CS used, favoring jigsaw task types in resulting more use of CSs.

Exploring lexical gaps in Australian Sign Language for the purposes of health communication

Until recently no linguistic research had been carried out on Australian Sign Language (Auslan) with regard to its use in healthcare settings, although anecdotal information suggests that the health lexicon of Auslan is strikingly under-developed. This paper describes a study that examined health terminology from the perspective of deaf people. Based on a thematic analysis of focus group data, the paper outlines strategies that deaf Australians report using when communicating about health concepts that do not have established signs in Auslan. Participants described a variety of communicative strategies--including the use of fingerspelling, depiction and explanations--that they employ in order to circumnavigate lexical gaps when talking about health. The study provides a crucial starting point for a discussion of the implications of lexical gaps in Auslan and highlights issues of particular relevance for interpreters who take responsibility for brokering health terms and mediating health communication.

The Wit and Wisdom of Chinese Tour Guides: A Critical Tourism Perspective 从批判角度探讨中国导游的智慧

This research article examines the communicative techniques and discourse employed by Chinese tour guides during their interaction with English-speaking tourists. In-depth interviews were conducted with tour guides in three locations, intending to capture a cross section of major destinations for visitors to China where the interface between the Chinese host and visitors is likely to be most instructive. The locations for the interviews included Beijing, the cultural and historical center of China; Shanghai, the country's commercial center; and Guilin, a major nature-based tourism destination. The findings indicate that, from a functional perspective, Chinese tour guides employ a variety of communicative strategies when interacting with tourists, which may be indicative of coping behavior or reflective of their inherent attitudes toward visitors. These interactive communication strategies include the use of proverbs, metaphors, analogies, similes, and humor. The prevalent utilization of such techniques in the tour guides’ discourse with visitors not only manifests guides’ wit and wisdom but, viewed from critical tourism and sociolinguistic perspectives, also likely arises in large part from their intent to maintain China's traditional social, political, and economic order in the face of the dramatic changes now taking place in China.

Teddy the T‐Rex, interaction and spontaneous formative second language assessment and treatment

This pilot study draws on three short spontaneous conversation episodes between an English teacher in a Hebrew–English bilingual kindergarten in the United States and a young (five years eight months) native speaker of Hebrew during a task‐based literacy event. It is argued that tasks that trigger spontaneous conversations between teachers and young second‐language learners are potentially rich sites for language teaching and learning; teachers cognisant of this potential as they interact with their young interlocutors can use a variety of communicative strategies, which are illustrated in the data. Results of a fine‐grained discourse analysis show how communicative strategies might be reframed to demonstrate that they reflect and constitute spontaneous formative assessments and treatments. In this way, oral interaction in second‐language development might be placed in the foreground of practice as it plays itself out in early childhood classrooms and might lead to more frequent, reflective, and intentional conversational moves by teachers in ways that have been shown to foster second‐language development.

Friends Don't Let Jane Hook Up Drunk: A Qualitative Analysis of Participation in a Simulation of College Drinking-Related Decisions

LET'S TALK ABOUT IT (LTAI) (Lederman, Stewart, Bates, Greenberg, LeGreco, & Schuwerk, 2007), a scenario-based alcohol prevention simulation, has been used in a curriculum infusion design to promote healthy alcohol-related decision making among college students. Its use offers a unique research opportunity to explore students' beliefs and talk about sex and friendships in the culture of college drinking. This study examines students' alcohol-related decisions and discussion of those decisions. In the simulated drinking context LTAI, participants have to decide what to do about an intoxicated female friend in a scenario in which a new male acquaintance invites her to go to his place. A qualitative observation and analysis of 141 undergraduate students' discussions about the situation and their decisions in it about how to treat their friend revealed two major themes: the importance of relational factors in students' decision making, and the variety of communicative strategies employed to protect their friends. In addition, the use of curriculum infusion and simulations regarding college drinking provided students with complex yet salient communication problems to investigate while also addressing a major health concern.