Use Of Varieties Research Articles

THE MNEMONIC POTENTIAL OF THE AUTHOR’S EPIGRAM (using the example of Igor Guberman’s poetry)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the author’s epigram by the poet Igor Guberman as a genre with mnemonic (memorable) potential. It is understood that inheriting an ambivalent nature borrowed from the previous ritual tradition, Igor Guberman’s epigram in its architectonic organisation simultaneously contains the ridiculous and the serious, the personal and the impersonal (‟alien”), the subjective and the objective. The latter, as deposited in the memory of the past, is used as a mnemonic demonstration of the material tested by life experience, which enters into a dialogical relationship with a subjective artistic worldview. In the course of the analysis of Igor Guberman’s author’s epigrams, called ‟gariki” by analogy with the derivative of Garik – the colloquial form of the author’s name, – it turns out that the mnemonic attribute as a permanent property of the genre, inherited from past times, is represented in it in different ways and to a large extent much wider than in the classical epigram. Thus, the mnemonic potential of the author’s epigram contains, in addition to the motifs of famous works, paraphrases and recitations of famous sayings that have become winged, allusions to general literary ‟topos” and reminiscences from the poems of poets, recognisable by the images used, rhythm and verse organisation. It is concluded that the variety of use of Igor Guberman’s rich mnemonic potential by the author’s epigram indicates the voluminous functionality of the genre, involving artistic resources not only in the direction of reproducing the invariant (‟genre memory”), but more focusing efforts on the path of renewal in line with the detached perception of tradition (‟genre memory”), which allows to appear to it in the fullness of aesthetic perfection.

Analysis of Steel Slag Sand – An Eco Friendly Fine Aggregate for Construction

Industrial waste slag is a major issue concerning the environmentalists today. The steel making industry produces a large amount of byproduct which is termed as Slag. Slag is produced during the steel-making operations that utilize Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) and operate by smelting iron ore in the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF). Steel slag finds numerous uses in the construction industry e.g in the applications involving hot mixture asphalt, in Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA), berms and embankments constructions, main ingredient in manufacturing of Portland cement, as fine and coarse aggregates, to name a few. But steel slag has a negative impact on the environment when disposed of. In that case a wide variety of use of steel slag becomes relevant. Steel Slag is a perfect candidate to replace the coarse and fine aggregates in the traditional concrete used in the construction industry. Most of the volume of concrete is aggregate. Steel Slag can be used as replacement to these aggregates in a more prominent way. In this research study, we will be making steel slag as substitution for raw fine aggregate. Fine aggregate would be replaced by these wastes in different proportions (20%, 40%, & 60 %) by weight of fine aggregate. The aim of this study is to investigate the compressive strength, split tensile strength and Material properties of concrete with partial replacement for fine aggregate. We will be performing pull off test on the applications of this modified concrete and checking the results for strength and durability.

Framing social–ecological transformation as a geographical concept

AbstractGlobal challenges call for timely social–ecological transformation. There is a substantial amount of literature on social–ecological transformation, increasingly replacing and going beyond ‘sustainability’. However, the concept itself is used very inconsistently. This paper aims at identifying and systematizing the strains of argumentation that encompass the social–ecological transformation. Adding German‐speaking literature to the Anglophone debate, we systematize as we follow the concept's genesis to its varieties of use within context‐based (spatial, temporal, and societal) disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary debates. Building on the various strands of contemporary use, this paper aims at contouring the epistemologies of the concept. Lastly, we illustrate the roles of geographical research approaches and the assigned methodology. We argue that the strands tend to drift apart and cannot be seen nor used as a singular uniform approach. We identify the key dimensions of how scholars use social–ecological transformation, unearthing underlying epistemologies. To conclude, we delineate key elements that geographical research on social–ecological transformation must address, laying the foundation for further scholarly debate.

Economic and biological value of spring rape varieties for solving the protein problem under the conditions of the Southern Trans-Urals region

Rapeseed is an excellent representative of forage crops, which has no equal in nutritional value, feeding value or low cost of production. It can be considered an excellent source of edible oil, as well as feed protein, and occupies one of the leading positions in solving problems associated with the availability of protein nutrition in animals. The importance of this crop has increased with the development of various modern erucosinolate-free and low-glucosinolate varieties. The purpose of the research was to study the possibility of obtaining a stable yield of oilseeds and herbage mass of spring rape, identifying the most productive varieties for use in solving the problem of protein in feed under the conditions of the Southern Trans-Urals. Field experiments were carried out at the Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kurgan State University” in 2021–2023. During the years of research, a negative eff ect of drought on the yield of seeds and green mass of spring rapeseed varieties was noted. The lowest average seed yield was obtained for all tested varieties in 2022 – 1,99 t/ha, in 2023 the yield was 2,23 t/ha and in 2021 – 2,37 t/ha. The strength of influence of the “weather conditions of the year” factor was 24,5 %, and the “variety” factor on the productivity of spring rapeseed was 35,7 %, which was by 1,5 times higher than the “weather conditions of the year” factor. The highest herbage mass yield on average was obtained on the variety Yarilo and amounted to 20,6 t/ha, then followed by the variety Yubileiny (standard). The lowest average over three years of research was shown by the variety Ratnik – 9,6 t/ha.

Bringing Barley Back: Analysis of Heritage Varieties for Use as Germplasm Sources to Improve Resistance against the Most Devastating, Contemporary Disease in Canada, Fusarium Head Blight (Fusarium graminearum)

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is currently the most devastating disease for barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Canada. Associated mycotoxins can compromise grain quality, where deoxynivalenol (DON) is considered particularly damaging due to its frequency of detection. Breeding barley with a lower DON content is difficult, due to the poor adaptation and malt quality of resistance sources. A set of European-derived heritage varieties were screened in an FHB nursery in Charlottetown, PE, with selections tested at Brandon, MB, between 2018–2022. Genetic evaluation demonstrated a distinct clustering of Canadian varieties from the heritage set. At Brandon, 72% of the heritage varieties ranked lower for DON content than did the moderately resistant Canadian check ‘AAC Goldman’, but resistance was associated with later heading and taller stature. In contrast with Canadian modern malting variety ‘AAC Synergy’, general deficiencies were observed in yield, enzyme activity, and extract, along with higher protein content. Nonetheless, several resistant varieties were identified with reasonable a heading date and yield, including ‘Chevallier Chile’, ‘Domen’, ‘Djugay’, ‘Hannchen’, ‘Heils Franken’, ‘Moravian Barley’, ‘Loosdorfer’ with ‘Golden Melon’, ‘Nutans Moskva’, and ‘Vellavia’, these being some of the most promising varieties when malting quality characteristics were also considered. These heritage resources could be used as parents in breeding to develop FHB-resistant malting barley varieties.

Measuring Smartphone Use: Survey Versus Digital Behavioral Data

While digital technology use and skills have typically been measured with surveys, digital behavioral data that are passively collected from individuals’ digital devices have recently emerged as an alternative method of measuring technology usage patterns in a more unobtrusive and detailed way. In this paper, we evaluate how passively collected smartphone usage data compare to self-reported measures of smartphone use, considering the three usage dimensions amount of use, variety of use, and activities of use. Based on a sample of smartphone users in Germany who completed a survey and had a tracking app installed on their smartphone, we find that the alignment between the survey and digital behavioral data varies by dimension of smartphone use. Whereas amount of use is considerably overreported in the survey data, variety of use aligns more closely across the two data sources. For activities of use, the alignment differs by type of activity. The results also show that the alignment between survey and digital behavioral data is systematically related to individuals’ sociodemographic characteristics, including age, gender, and educational attainment. Finally, latent class analyses conducted separately for the survey and digital behavioral data suggest similar typologies of smartphone use, although the overlap between the typologies on the individual level is rather small.

Assessment of soybean raw material in regard to plant adaptability in the climatic conditions of the Middle Volga Region

The ecological flexibility, stability, and adaptability of the “seed weight per plant” trait of soybean raw materialwere assessed in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga Region. The most valuable varieties for use in the breeding process for this trait were selected. The experimental work was carried out in 2019—2021. In total, 14 soybean varieties of various ecological and geographical origins were assessed. The regionalized agricultural variety of local selection, Yuzhanka, was set as the standard. The soil at the experimental plot was represented by typical medium-humus, medium-thick, medium-clay chernozem. The humus content was 5.8—6.9%, the content of mobile forms of phosphorus, 133.6—156.5 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium, 154.0—180.0 mg/kg. In 2019—2021, in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region, average individual productivity of soybean plants was 7.47—12.17 g. The highest individual seed productivity was registered in the varieties 680-11 (Ukraine), 422 (Kazakhstan), OX 299 (Canada), L-60/2018 and Nika (Russia), exceeding the standard by 4.97—5.43 g. The lowest total rank was found for varieties 422 (Kazakhstan) – 23, Nika (Russia) – 28, Gessener (Yugoslavia) – 28, L-59/2018 (Russia) – 29 , OX 299 (Canada) – 31, and 680-11 (Ukraine) – 34, while the standard variety refers to 72. These varieties are promising raw material for developing soybean varieties with high productivity potential due to the effective use of the soil and climatic conditions of the region and resistance to dominant environmental stress factors.

Promising pea varieties for use in the cereal industry in the south of Western Siberia

The current study was carried out on 20 pea varieties and lines of various origins with a leafless type in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in 2019–2022. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of varieties and breeding lines of domestic and foreign breeding and identify those suitable for processing into cereals. The trial was laid in the nursery of ecological variety testing according to the generally accepted methodology. The technological quality of grain was estimated according to the method of the State Commission for Variety Testing. Weather conditions were contrasting with periods of severe drought. The most favorable years for the formation of a large productivity of pea seeds (5.11 and 5.01 t/ha, respectively) were 2019 (HTC = 0.99) and 2020 (HTC = 0.60). In 2022 (HTC = 1.04), the lowest yield was obtained on average for the trial (2.22 t/ha, environmental index was 1.78), but with an increased proportion of protein (23.86 %, environmental index was +1,07). The variety ‘Yamalsky’ (2.79–5.61 t/ha) was the best in productivity, yielding to foreign varieties in the formation of protein in seeds (21.7 %). High-protein varieties were ‘Bonus 2’ and ‘L 36/18’ (22.7–26.8 %). There has been established that the highest protein percentage is synthesized at a yield level of 3.8 to 4.3 t/ha. There has been clarified correlation between protein yield per unit of area and productivity (r = 0.92) and protein percentage in seeds (r = 0.50). The correlation between 1000- seed weight and their uniformity was close to functional (r = 0.93), and with the total yield of cereals it was medium negative (r = –0.45), with the yield of shelled peas with undivided cotyledons it was strong negative (r = –0.76). The smallest yield of cereals was obtained from peas with a high percentage of coarse fraction (7.0–6.5 mm). In order to produce cereals with a standardized yield and quality, there have been recommended the variety ‘Blagovest’ and the line ‘L 182/15’. There has been established that among high-yielding varieties (4.27–4.63 t/ha) for the cereal industry there can be used such varieties as ‘Yamalsky’, ‘Krasnoufimsky 11’, ‘Aksaysky usatiy 55’, ‘Salamanka’ with a lower yield of shelled peas with undivided cotyledons (49.9–61, 1 %).

Interactional meta-discourse and phraseology in newspaper editorials during the Russia-Ukraine War

The massive influence of media in our daily life has led to an increased interest of analyzing media discourse among linguists. A newspaper editorial is a distinctive register of print media that expresses the newspaper’s opinion about current issues in the world. The present study showed the results of a linguistic comparative analysis of the language of newspaper editorials that are published recently during the Russia-Ukraine War. The investigation is based on samples taken from leading newspapers in the USA and the UAE. The corpus consists of 24 editorials totaling about 16,673 words written in English. The study aimed to investigate two fundamental principles of language use, namely: meta-discourse and phraseology in the genre of newspaper editorials adapting a quantitative content analysis approach. Hyland’s (2005b) interactional model of meta-discourse has been applied in the analysis. Data showed a high level of similarity between the USA and the UAE editorials in terms of frequency of several linguistic markers. Data also showed that stance markers were significantly higher than engagement markers in both corpora. Moreover, results reported a variety of use of collocations, modality, and idiomatic expressions. The study concluded that newspaper editorials are argumentative texts that are distinguished by the use of hedges, attitude markers, and other persuasive devices. The study combines key linguistic concepts and contributes to the field of discourse analysis as it provides useful insights about media discourse and newspaper discourse particularly editorials.

Comparative bionomics and life table studies ofLipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae(Davis) andMyzus persicae(Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on three cabbage varieties

Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Davis) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) are important pests of brassica crops, causing significant yield losses on cabbage in Ghana. To inform the development of ecologically sound and sustainable pest management strategies for these pests, their biological and population growth parameters were studied on three cabbage varieties (Oxylus, Fortune, and Leadercross). The study was conducted in a screen house under ambient conditions at 30 ± 1°C and 75 ± 5% RH and 12:12 h photoperiod from September to November 2020. The parameters of the preadult developmental period, survival rates, longevity, reproduction, and life table were evaluated following the female age-specific life table. There were significant differences in the nymphal developmental time, longevity, and fecundity on the cabbage varieties for both aphid species. The highest population growth parameters, net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase r, and finite rate of increase (λ) were recorded on Oxylus variety for both L. e. pseudobrassicae and M. persicae. The lowest was recorded on Leadercross variety for L.e pseudobrassicae and Fortune for M. persicae. The results from this study suggest that Leadercross is a less suitable host for L. e. pseudobrassicae and Fortune for M. persicae, thus, should be considered as less susceptible varieties for use in primary pest management by small-scale farmers or as a component of an integrated pest management strategy for these pests on cabbage.

Bring Us in Good Ale

AbstractThis essay documents the century-long efforts of Peter Darby, Ernest S. Salmon, and Ray Neve, all of whom were directors of England's Hop Research Program. While these scientists engaged in myriad projects, the central story surrounds the development and release of hybrid hop varieties for use in beer. In contrast with the brewing industry that turned toward mechanization and industrial advancements in the twentieth century, the English hop breeding program steadily relied on hand-pollinating characteristic of Mendelian genetics. Crossbreeding, or hybridization, of hops (and scores of other dioicous plants—that is, those with two distinct sexes) traditionally occurred with scientists selecting specimens that exhibited desirable traits that could be traced to their hereditary makeup. The process was painstakingly slow, requiring countless dustings of pollen from male plants onto female flowers. Darby, Salmon, and Neve engaged in this process thousands of times before deciding on which offspring to select from the greenhouses to transplant into fields. Their promising and successful specimens today populate England's experimental hop garden for their potential in brewing or breeding future crosses; the most outstanding progeny can be found in beers near and far.

A modified EDAS model for comparison of mobile wallet service providers in India

The present paper has two-fold purposes. First, the current work provides an integrated theoretical framework to compare popular mobile wallet service providers based on users' views in the Indian context. To this end, we propose a new grey correlation-based Picture Fuzzy-Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (GCPF-EDAS) framework for the comparative analysis. We integrate the fundamental framework of the Technology Acceptance Model and Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology vis-à-vis service quality dimensions for criteria selection. For comparative ranking, we conduct our analysis under uncertain environments using picture fuzzy numbers. We find that user-friendliness, a wide variety of use, and familiarity and awareness about the products help reduce the uncertainty factors and obtain positive impressions from the users. It is seen that PhonePe (A3), Google Pay (A2), Amazon Pay (A4) and PayTM (A1) hold top positions. For validation of the result, we first compare the ranking provided by our proposed model with that derived by using picture fuzzy score based extensions of EDAS and another widely used algorithm such as The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. We observe a significant consistency. We then carry out rank reversal test for GCPF-EDAS model. We notice that our proposed GCPF-EDAS model does not suffers from rank reversal phenomenon. To examine the stability in the result for further validation, we carry out the sensitivity analysis by varying the differentiating coefficient and exchanging the criteria weights. We find that our proposed method provides stable result for the present case study and performs better as ranking order does not get changed significantly with the changes in the given conditions.

Wheat seed demand assessment assisted by genotyping in Ethiopia

Summary This study examines the extent to which wheat varieties supplied by the formal seed system align with the varieties demanded and used by farmers in Ethiopia. The framework of stated and revealed preferences drawn from the consumer preference theory is used to analyze farmer demand for different wheat varieties. We used official data from the formal seed sector and representative survey data from wheat farm households in Ethiopia. The survey data allow to contrast the farmer reported varietal use with genotyping by sequencing (also known as DNA fingerprinting). Farmers’ reliance on informal seed sources and own saved seed, among others, contributes to the misidentification of the varieties they grow. Consequently, farmers are likely to misinform the formal seed demand assessment leading to either an over- or underestimation of actual seed demand for specific wheat varieties. Genotyping by sequencing, as opposed to farmer reports, established the persistence of old varieties. This also implies vulnerability of wheat production to disease dynamics depending on the longevity of disease resistance by the variety in use. Apart from narrowing the gap between the actual and stated demand and ensuring timely replacement of wheat varieties, genotyping-assisted estimates can save seed carry-over cost. Genotyping by sequencing is increasingly used as the new benchmark and gold standard for identifying and tracking the adoption of crop varieties. The technique has potential to enhance the performance of the seed sector through effective planning that can optimize resource commitments and accelerate the rate of varietal replacement.

Variability and interrelation of the main breeding traits of the winter soft wheat quality

Wheat bread rightfully belongs to the greatest inventions of mankind. The concept of wheat quality is very capacious and includes a wide range of characteristics: physical, chemical, rheological and consumer, which are in complex relationships with each other. The main purpose of soft wheat is the manufacture of bakery products. In this regard, the actual task of science is the creation and introduction into production of new varieties with high baking properties. The purpose of the research is to study the variability and relationships of quality traits; identification of the best varieties for use in the breeding process. It was found that the most strongly varying features were the specific work of deformation of the dough (11.7%) and the coefficient of the ratio of dough elasticity to extensibility (23.5%). The results of a correlation analysis on the conjugation of the characteristics of the quality of grain, flour and baking properties are presented. The quality of bread significantly depended on the volumetric yield of bread (r=0.9118) and the specific work of dough deformation (r=0.5119). A significant positive, strong relationship was found between the content of protein and gluten in the grain (r=0.8471). New varieties and lines of winter soft wheat of intensive type, distinguished by a complex of studied traits: the new variety Privolye, lines 1518/18 and 1401/19, are recommended to be used in the breeding process aimed at improving the quality of winter soft wheat grain.

USAGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN EUROPE

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming more common in our daily life. One of the biggest segments of AI is used in business. Technologies are changing at a rapid pace and in unpredictable ways. The research was done by systematic literature of the most recent (2020-2022) academic articles from the database Scopus covering the usage of AI on social media. Dividing the find articles based on chosen criteria into categories such as social media platforms used for research and general AI usage on social media. The results show that the implementation of AI will become more and more inevitable for its variety of use on social media, like chatbots, detecting harmful behaviour, data analysis and strategy making.

Heuristic Optimization of Multipulse Rectifier for Reduced Energy Consumption

Intelligent Manufacturing 5.0 of multipulse rectifier systems requires them to be optimized for a variety of use in transportation and factories producing hearty touch technology. The research presented in this article show advances of using heuristic models to set 12-pulse and 24-pulse rectifiers to work under low- and high-voltage load. As a result of heuristic optimization electric systems increase efficiency and reduce energy consumption by efficiency benefits in adopting artificial intelligence. Applied heuristic models helped in computer simulations to optimize system settings in a short time. Results show that optimized models are more efficient and our proposed approach is reducing voltage pulsation. As a result optimized system improves electromagnetic compatibility for beneficial use in modern industry and sensible human–machine cooperation.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE DIGITAL MODULES ON FLAT BUILDING SPACE MATERIALS FOR CLASS IV STUDENTS

Interactive digital modules for broad flat wake materials for grade IV students are motivated by, the variety of use of teaching materials, especially in mathematics learning in Kepuh Kiriman Elementary School 1. Interactive digital modules can be used to learn independently because students get feedback (scores) directly. The purpose of this research is to describe the process of developing interactive digital modules on broad flat wake materials for grade IV students and know their feasibility. This research uses a type of development research or commonly known as Research and Development (R&D). Using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). However, it is limited to the Analysis, Design and Development stage. Data collection methods use questionnaires and documentation. Development research instruments used to assess the feasibility of interaktif digital modules are in the form of product feasibility questionnaires. Data analysis techniques use descriptive data analysis techniques for product processing and quantitative analysis to determine product feasibility. The results of this research are products of development results through three stages, namely Analysis (needs analysis, student analysis, content analysis / material), Design (the stage used to create an interactive digital module content framework) and Development (in the form of product development results.

Variety productivity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. for green pods in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To reveal the features of productivity formation of French bean varieties of different ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During 2020–2021 six early maturing varieties of beans – ‘Zironka’, ‘Casablanca’ (Ukraine), ‘Lila Königin’ (Germany), ‘Laura’ (Poland), ‘Fruidor’ (France) and ‘Paloma’ (the Netherlands) were studied in the field (Uman, 48°46’N, 30°14’E). Biometric and productivity indicators of plants, as well as the biochemical composition of products (green beans) were analyzed in technical and full maturity of the culture (BBCH 75 and 99). Results. The dwarf varie­ties ‘Lila Königin’ and ‘Casablanca’ were identified, which can be used in breeding as a source of this trait. Varieties with high attachment of the lower bean, suitable for mechanized harvesting – ‘Casablanca’, ‘Zironka’, ‘Laura’ and ‘Paloma’ were identified. It was revealed that the most productive varieties were ‘Zironka’, ‘Casablanca’ and ‘Paloma’, the mass of beans in which was in the range of 43.1–86.0 g, and the yield of green beans was 9.39–19.35 t/ha. In terms of seed yield, the varieties ‘Zironka’ turned out to be highly productive – 3.51 t/ha, ‘Casablanca’ – 3.78 t/ha and ‘Lila Königin’ – 2.65 t/ha. Evaluation of the biochemical composition of green beans of French bean did not allow to distinguish varieties by a set of indicators, however, as a source of traits with a high percentage of dry residue stood out variety ‘Paloma’ – 11%; by the share of protein – ‘Fruidor’ – 18.7%; for the share of sugars – ‘Lila Königin’ – 2.60%, for the content of ascorbic acid ‘Fruidor’ – 23.0 mg/100 g and with low content of nitrates – the variety ‘Lila Königin’ – 129.0 mg/kg. Conclusions. The evaluation of French bean varieties by morphological variability and productivity allowed to recommend ‘Paloma’ and ‘Casablanca’ varieties for use in production. Varie­ties with improved biochemical parameters that can be used as sources of traits for breeding were identified.

Meta‐analysis of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit and juice quality traits for potential use in hard cider production

Societal Impact StatementThe production of hard cider is a burgeoning industry in North America. However, traditional European cider‐specific apples are largely unsuitable for production in modern systems and have not been widely adopted. Evaluation of the biochemical variability in apples can provide a better characterization of varieties for use in hard cider production. Many varieties exhibited extensive variability in biochemical traits. Varieties with high phenolics and acidity displayed greater plasticity of these traits between seasons, which supports the concept of “vintage quality” and opens new marketing opportunities. This study provides valuable insight for apple producers to integrate cider‐specific and nonspecific varieties into their production systems.Summary The North American fermented beverage market has undergone extensive growth in the fermented apple juice (hard cider) sector over the last decade. Traditional hard cider producing regions such as England, France, and Spain have historically utilized cider‐specific apples that have desirable balances between sugar, organic acid, and phenolics. However, in North America, culinary apples (lower acidity and phenolics) are predominantly used, and information distinguishing the varieties with novel use for hard cider production is lacking. In this study, we evaluated variation of four major apple biochemical traits (total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and total phenolics) as they relate to use for hard cider production by using a meta‐analysis approach. We analyzed the variation in cider quality traits across 47 published works and more than 800 unique apple varieties, including an additional analysis of 142 varieties from cider apple germplasms in the United States. The biochemical traits of many varieties exhibited plasticity, and the characterization of a subset of varieties using two cider classification system revealed that most belonged to the “sweet” or “sharp” (acidic) categories rather than “bitter” (high phenolic content). We also compared the classification of a subset of varieties from two US germplasm resources across two seasons and found varieties that have high percent phenolics and/or malic acid experienced greater biochemical plasticity and potential classification change across vintages. Ultimately, this work provides information regarding the variability in apple biochemical traits and also suggests a unique opportunity for producers to market “vintage” quality.

Use of Netnography in Contemporary Marketing Research

Netnography, an online qualitative research method that evolved from ethnography, previously typically used in anthropology, is experiencing its boom in contemporary marketing research worldwide. It helps to answer research questions about a variety of topics, and it is used in many different ways. Therefore, each netnographic study is unique, not only content-wise but also in terms of the approach to the use of the method. In the presented paper, the case study research method was applied to aim at the identification of the best practices in contemporary marketing research when using netnography. Based on the analysis of chosen articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals, the paper defines the features of the research problem suitable for the application of netnography, the typical process, and its variances, as well as basic criteria for use. As a result of observed significant differences in applying the method, the paper captures the variability of netnography use in the Model of NET Dimensions of Netnography. The model shows how each netnographic study has to deal with three dimensions of decisions that need to be taken: ‘the Niche’ – the place ‘where’ and the group ‘whom’ it researches, ‘the Engagement’ – the extent to which the researcher is engaged in the studied community, and ‘the Time’ – the timeline – ‘when’ and timespan ‘how long’. The combination of all the possibilities of NET dimensions makes the netnography so variable, flexible, and adaptable, and therefore a very suitable method for many research problems. Implications for Central European Audience: The paper presents the variety of use of netnography in contemporary marketing research. Although the method originated at the end of the 20th century and is starting to be very popular worldwide, especially with the growth of life online, there is still very little research done using this method in the CEE. Researching the various scholar engines at the time of the article submission, we found very few published studies originating from the CEE. And yet, as the presented paper shows, the method is very well-fitting for a large variety of research problems, and it is very handy, especially now when other qualitative methods are often more difficult to be carried out due to COVID-19 restrictions. The method has the potential to help to answer many of the real businesses’ questions as well as to solve some academic puzzles. Therefore, we see a need to promote it within the academic and business community.