Triticale Varieties Research Articles

The new variety of spring triticale Slovo for the Central and Volgo-Vyatka regions of the Russian Federation

The variety of spring triticale adapted to the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the European part of Russia was developed in cooperation with Belorussian scientists using the method of intraspecific hybridization of ecologically distant forms. The results of this variety study in the varietal tests of 2015-2020 on gray forest medium loamy and sod-podzolic sandy soils of the Vladimir region and in the Republic of Belarus are presented. The new variety had high yield of 6.06 t/ha, on average, over 7 years of variety testing on gray forest soils. Yield increase to the standard variety Normann was 0.81 t/ha or 13.3 %. An intensive type variety. In a favorable year the yield in the variety testing reached 8.71 t/ha, the increase to the standard variety was 17.1 %. A medium-ripened, medium-sized variety Slovo matured 1-3 days earlier than the standard Normann variety and the new Dobroye variety. The Slovo variety was characterized by group resistance to diseases (powdery mildew, types of rust and smut), weak susceptibility to leaf and ear septoria, stress resistance to abiotic stressors (drought resistance 8.2 points, lodging resistance 5 points). The new variety like the standard Normann variety, is intended for cultivation using technologies of various intensity levels. It can be grown on different soils according to its granulometric texture and availability of mineral nutrition elements. On sandy sod-podzolic soils, the average yield was 4.20 t/ha, that of the standard variety was 4.15 t/ha. In addition to high productivity, the new variety was characterized by high quality of feed grain, the increase in protein per hectare to the standard Norman variety was 114 kg/ha. Since 2022, the Slovo variety has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Central (3) and Volga-Vyatka (4) regions of the Russian Federation. It is recommended in feed production for grain cultivation, as well as for monofodder.

INFLUENCE OF HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS ON ROOT ROT SEVERITY IN CROPS OF SPRING TRITICALE VARIETIES

The results of research on spring triticale varieties for 2015-–2019 showed that root rot severity on Uzor variety by the end of the growing season (st. 85) ranged from 4,0 to 30,4 %, Doublet – from 9,2 to 42,3 % and Sadko – from 4,6 to 32,3 %. A high severity of root rot was noted in years when the amount of precipitation in the growing season of spring triticale was the lowest (2015) or the highest (2017) relative to the norm. A polynomial dependence (R2 = 0,75) was found between the area under the disease progress curve and the amount of precipitation for the period from sowing to soft dough (st. 85), indicating that root rot severity of spring triticale increases under conditions of both insufficient, and excess moisture.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SPRING TRITICALE PRODUCTION WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INTENSITY

The aim of the study was to evaluate the economic efficiency of spring triticale varieties at different levels of production intensity. Three-year field results for the years 2017, 2018 and 2020 were used for the calculations. Factors such as tillage methods (conventional and reduced tillage), varying levels of nitrogen fertilisation (0, 70 and 100 kg N/ha) and varieties – Sopot and Milewo – were included in the analysis. Direct surplus was used as a measure of economic efficiency. The economic efficiency of spring triticale cultivation was assessed taking into account the use of one of the main production factors, i.e. land. For individual variants of the experiment, the gross profitability index was calculated as the ratio of production value to direct costs. The analysis of the production-economic indices showed that the technology with the use of traditional tillage (plough) and a nitrogen fertilisation rate of 70 kg N/ha were the more favourable variant for spring triticale cultivation. It was also found that the level of obtained direct surplus was more influenced by the level of obtained yields and purchase prices of triticale than by the level of direct costs incurred for tillage and sowing operations.

Ecological plasticity of winter triticale varieties in the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus

Relevance. The results of research on the identification of winter triticale varieties most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus are presented.Methods. The research was carried out in 2019–2021 in the fields of SCNIIGPSH VNC RAS on 8 varietal samples: TGI 24/1 (Russia), Almaz (Russia), Capral (Russia), Moderato (Poland), Hortenso (Poland), Grenado (Poland), Gor (Russia), Knyaz (Russia). For a comprehensive assessment and selection of valuable source material during selection for adaptability, a set of techniques was used to establish the reliability of the observed differences and obtain the necessary information about potential productivity and environmental plasticity.Results. The highest ecological plasticity was found in varieties Gor (bi = 0.7) and Hortenso and Grenado (bi = 0.6). According to the coefficient of stability in various growing conditions, the varieties Moderato and TGI 24/1 (S2d = 0.01) turned out to be the best. Varieties Gor, Hortenso and Grenado formed the highest average productivity of the ear over three years, which amounted to 3.6 and 3.3 g/ear, respectively. The share of the factors in the formation of yield was determined. The influence of vegetation conditions was 3.1%, of varietal characteristics — 54.1%. High resistance to environmental stress factors has been established in the varietyModerato, maximum compliance with the environmental conditions of the region — in varieties Gor (3.6), Hortenso (3.3) and Grenado (2.8). High resistance to environmental stress factors has been established in varieties Gor, Hortenso and Grenado, high stability of productivity is found in varieties Moderato and TGI 24/1. In the distinguished varietal samples the plant productivity index (PPI) was: 19,6; 16,4; 18,4; 15,0; 11,1 accordingly, according to the classification table, it corresponds to high productivity. In varieties Almaz, Capral and TGI 24/1, the indicators of the PPI (10.0; 9.8; 10.6) corresponded to the average productivity of winter triticale. The selected cultivars will be used in breeding programs, when creating winter triticale varieties for the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus.

Use of Dual-Purpose Winter-Grain Cover Crops as Emergency Forage and for Management of High Soil Phosphorous in Manured Fields

Dual-purpose cover crops can cycle nutrients on dairy farms while providing additional quality forage. However, questions remain regarding the crop species best suited to this function. A two-year field experiment with five small-grain winter cover crops, including rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and three triticale varieties (×Triticosecale varieties), was conducted on an active dairy farm. The rye produced the highest yield at 4612 kg ha−1, followed by the forage varieties of triticale, which averaged 4004 kg ha−1, whereas the wheat and one nonforage triticale produced only 2950 and 2987 kg ha−1, respectively. The wheat had the highest crude protein (CP) at 11%, and a relative feed value (RFV) of 132, and it had the greatest milk-production potential, which was 1729 kg milk/Mg of forage. Yet, the rye (CP: 10.4%; RFV: 112) had the greatest milk-production and economic potentials per hectare due to the high forage yield, valued at USD 714 ha−1, whereas the nonforage triticale had the least economic value (USD 326 ha−1), despite its high forage quality (CP: 9.5%; RFV: 120). The forage triticale varieties were intermediate performers compared with the rye and wheat on a yield and quality basis. Mirroring the yield, the rye also removed the most nitrogen (77.3 kg ha−1) and phosphorus (20.8 kg ha−1). The species differences were found to be contingent on the manure application. The results of this experiment suggested that winter rye is the most efficient cover crop for harvesting and nutrient-recycling purposes.

Promising cultivars of winter triticale for grain production in the north-west of the Astrakhan region

Triticale, due to its specific properties to form stable grain yields in the zones with risky agriculture, should find wider application in acutely arid conditions. Therefore, the use of highly productive cultivars of winter triticale in semi-desert zone of the north-west of the Astrakhan region is relevant. The aim of the research was a comprehensive assessment of promising winter triticale cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin for adaptability to stressful meteorological factors in semi-desert zone of the northwestern Astrakhan region. To determine the main indicators of adaptability (winter hardiness, plasticity, stability, stress tolerance, genetic flexibility), six promising winter triticale cultivars (Tribun, Interes, PRAG 152, Khleborob, Zhnets and Uragan) were studied. Field agroecological tests were conducted on rainfed fields of Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the RAS with different moisture level in 2018-2020. Nelli cultivar was used as a control. The methods of Selyaninov G.T., Zhivotkov L.A., Eberhart S.A., and Rassell W.A. were used for calculations. During periods of active vegetation of winter triticale, Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient varied from 0.3 to 0.5 (zone of strong and very strong drought); environment index was from -0.67 to 0.66. According to the data obtained, cv. Khleborob showed the greatest adaptive potential and consistently high yield under various meteorological conditions of the season compared to the other tested winter triticale varieties. Moreover, the cultivar had good winter hardiness (5 points) and survival (90.8 %). On the average for the years of research it showed high adaptability coefficient (1.43), and the indicators of its plasticity and genetic flexibility were 0.77 and 1.40, respectively. Therefore, cv. Khleborob can be recommended for use in the acutely arid conditions in semi-desert zone of the northwestern part of the Astrakhan region.

WINTER TRITICALE OF BELARUSIAN AND RUSSIAN SELECTION FOR GREEN FODDER DURING THE BOOTING STAGE

The main reserve for increasing the production of fodder and its quality is the expansion of the assortment of fodder crops, the introduction of new promising species and varieties. One way to solve these problems could be the widespread introduction
 into production of winter triticale as a potential source of fodder. Therefore, the purpose of the scientific work was to study the yield, biometric features of plant development and nutritive value of green mass of winter triticale of Belarusian and Russian
 selection during the booting stage. As a result of research, winter triticale varieties of the Belarusian selection Slavko, Zveno, Kovcheg and variety sample 1/17 of the Russian selection with high foliage and yield of green mass were revealed. It has been
 established that winter triticale for green fodder has a longer and wider lamina, higher foliage of plants compared to diploid and tetraploid rye, as well as surpasses in the content of crude and digestible protein and crude fat in terms of the chemical composition of green mass in 1 kg of feed. All the studied varieties and variety samples of winter triticale of Belarusian and Russian selection can be used in the selection process and for green fodder from the beginning of the booting stage.

Breadmaking potential of winter triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack el. Camus) of Polissia ecotype

The results of the experimental work on the evaluation of the bread-making ability of new varieties of winter triticale of Polissia ecotype, which were carried out in the department of selection and seed production of grain crops of the National Science Center «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences», located in Fastiv district of Kyiv region in 2016–2018, are highlighted. The elasticity (P) of the dough on average by varieties was found at the level of 67.2 mm, which corresponds to the indicator of «good filler» wheat, and by varieties ranged from 44 mm (indicator of «weak wheat») in Aristocrat variety to 87 mm («satisfactory improver») in Kotyhoroshko variety. The stretchability (L) of the dough by variety varied from 18 mm (Aristocrat) to 30 mm (Lyubomir) and was 23.5 mm on average. The stretchability of the dough is closely correlated with indicators such as C, the expansion index and the area of the average diagram (r=0.62–0.67). According to the results of calculations, the P/L ratio in winter triticale varieties of Polissia ecotype varied from 1.7 units in Volemir variety to 4.4 units in Kotygoroshko variety, and on average it was found at the level of 2.9 units, winter triticale variety is closer to the optimal value Volemir. According to the flour "strength" alveograph indicator, Solodyuk and Lubomyr winter triticale varieties of Polissia ecotype were distinguished, which reliably prevailed over Poliskyi 7 standard variety (NIR05=17) and amounted to 93 J and 76 J, respectively. The amount of «raw» gluten in winter triticale varieties ranged from 6.4% in Aristokrat variety to 15.0% in KS 9-17 sample, and on average was 11.8%. After drying, the amount of «dry» gluten varied from 2.38% to 5.04%, and averaged 3.9%, which was 33% of the amount of «raw» gluten. The highest indicator of hydration capacity (233.3%) was observed in Petrol variety compared to Polisky 7 standard variety, which significantly exceeded it by 47.6 units (NIR05=14). The physical properties of triticale gluten resemble weak wheat gluten with low elasticity. Tight triticale gluten makes it possible to bake good bread. The volume yield of loaves from triticale flour was 298 ml on average and varied from 260 ml in Polisky 7 variety to 345 ml in Fanat and Solodyuk varieties. Selected winter triticale varieties of Polissia ecotype with satisfactory baking quality, according to the wheat baking technology without adding improvers, are advisable to use in the baking industry.

Optimizing water and nitrogen productivity of wheat and triticale across diverse production environments to improve the sustainability of baked products.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major global commodity and the primary source for baked products in agri-food supply chains. Consumers are increasingly demanding more nutritious food products with less environmental degradation, particularly related to water and fertilizer nitrogen (N) inputs. While triticale (× Triticosecale) is often referenced as having superior abiotic stress tolerance compared to wheat, few studies have compared crop productivity and resource use efficiencies under a range of N-and water-limited conditions. Because previous work has shown that blending wheat with triticale in a 40:60 ratio can yield acceptable and more nutritious baked products, we tested the hypothesis that increasing the use of triticale grain in the baking supply chain would reduce the environmental footprint for water and N fertilizer use. Using a dataset comprised of 37 site-years encompassing normal and stress-induced environments in California, we assessed yield, yield stability, and the efficiency of water and fertilizer N use for 67 and 17 commercial varieties of wheat and triticale, respectively. By identifying environments that favor one crop type over the other, we then quantified the sustainability implications of producing a mixed triticale-wheat flour at the regional scale. Results indicate that triticale outyielded wheat by 11% (p < 0.05) and 19% (p < 0.05) under average and N-limited conditions, respectively. However, wheat was 3% (p < 0.05) more productive in water-limited environments. Overall, triticale had greater yield stability and produced more grain per unit of water and N fertilizer inputs, especially in high-yielding environments. We estimate these differences could translate to regional N fertilizer savings (up to 555 Mg N or 166 CO2-eq kg ha−1) in a 40:60 blending scenario when wheat is sourced from water-limited and low-yielding fields and triticale from N-limited and high-yielding areas. Results suggest that optimizing the agronomic and environmental benefits of triticale would increase the overall resource use efficiency and sustainability of the agri-food system, although such a transition would require fundamental changes to the current system spanning producers, processors, and consumers.

Влияние погодных условий и сроков посева на продолжительность межфазных периодов ярового тритикале в условиях Амурской области

The choice of optimal sowing date is still one of the most important elements of modern cultivation technology, since it is determined by the features of plant physiology and weather conditions of their growth. The problem of studying the influence of weather conditions on the passing of the interphase periods of crops, including triticale is an important task for its introduction into production. That is why , we set a target to study the effect of sowing dates and weather conditions on the duration of the interphase periods of various spring triticale varieties under conditions of the Amur Region. As a result, it was found that in the first half of the growing season, starting from seedlings to leaf-tube formation, when shifting the sowing date from April 15 to May 5, the interphase periods are lengthened, and the inverse trend is observed for the next periods. Statistical analysis of the influence of hydrothermal conditions in the years of research on the passing of the interphase periods showed that the formation of future yield in the first half of the growing season (from sowing to tillering) was mainly related to the temperature regime, and in the second half of the growing season (from earing to full ripeness), with the amount of rainfall. Keywords: SPRING TRITICALE, SOWING PERIOD, INTERPHASE PERIODS, CORRELATION DEPENDENCE

Phytopathological assessment of winter triticale

The article presents the results of studies of the field resistance of winter triticale varieties to a number of diseases that have a significant impact on the formation of grain yield. It was established that varieties Talva 100, Kornet, Student had no signs of damage by ergot, powdery mildew. Talva 100 and Cornet were weakly affected by septoria, fusarium snow mold, and ear fusarium. Talva 100 and Student were moderately affected by leaf rust. Student variety in relation to the studied varieties was more affected by septoria and fusariosis of the ear.

Adaptability and stability of new spring triticale varieties and lines

Purpose and objectives. The purpose was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of spring triticale varieties and breeding lines for yield and expression of valuable economic characteristics in environmental trials and to identify the best genotypes with a set of valuable features.&#x0D; Materials and methods. We studied 13 spring triticale genotypes (2020–2021) in two different agroclimatic environments (Eastern Forest-Steppe [PPI] and transitional zone from forest-steppe to steppe [UESPP]). The experimental plots of 2 m2 in three replications were arranged in series. The field assessments were performed in accordance with methods of qualification examination of plant varieties. The adaptability parameters were determined by AV Kilchevskiy and PV Khotylyova’s method.&#x0D; Results and discussion. The yield stability and valuable economic characteristics were assessed and the best genotypes with a set of valuable features were identified. A high yield capacity (6.85–7.44 t/ha) and high plasticity (bi 1.34−1.82) were intrinsic to Darkkhliba Kharkivskyi, Svoboda Kharkivska, YATKH 23-19, YATKH 29-19, and YATKH 40-19, which indicates their ability to effectively fulfill their performance potentials under favorable conditions. Svoboda Kharkivska, Kripost Kharkiv, and Opora Kharkivska were found to be the most adaptable to environmental changes varieties. These varieties can be recommended for cultivation under different growing conditions throughout Ukraine to a wide range of producers.&#x0D; Svoboda Kharkivska consistently gave a high yield on average across the experiment (6.24 t/ha), showed high levels of general and specific adaptability, and a high genotype’s breeding value. This variety is noteworthy for easy threshing and its plants are consistently of medium height (108 cm).&#x0D; Kripost Kharkivska consistently gave a high yield (5.66 t/ha), showed relative stability and was of genotype’s breeding value. Its plants were consistently short under different conditions (84−93 cm); the 1000-grain weight was increased (40.2 g); and the score of resistance to septoria tritici blotch was 7 points; the “seedlings-earing” period was extended (60 days).&#x0D; Opora Kharkivska gave a stable yield of 5.84 t/ha) and stood out for its general and specific adaptability and genotype’s breeding value. Its plants were of medium height (108 cm); its “seedlings-earing” period was shorter (56 days).&#x0D; Darkhlib Kharkivskyi showed high plasticity and general adaptability. At UESPP, it produced a high (compared to other varieties) yield (6.75 t/ha) and demonstrated increased resistance to septoria tritici blotch.As to the lines, the highest breeding value in terms of yield and adaptability was found for YATKH 40-19, YATKH 23-19, and YATKH 29-19.&#x0D; YATKH 40-19 gave a high yield on average across the experiment (5.88 t/ha). It was highly plastic. Under the favorable conditions (UESPP, 2020), it stood out for the highest yield of 7.44 t/ha. It also demonstrated increased resistance to septoria tritici blotch (7.5 points).YATKH 23-19 and YATKH 29-19 were highly plastic. Under the favorable conditions, they gave high yields (7.04 and 7.09 t/ha, respectively). YATKH 23-19 also showed high levels of general adaptability and genotype’s breeding value. It produced over 5 t/ha regardless of growing conditions.&#x0D; Conclusions. As a result of the environmental trials, the most valuable genotypes in terms of adaptability, yield and valuable economic characteristics were identified.&#x0D; High yield capacity (6.85–7.44 t/ha) and high plasticity (bi 1.34–1.82) were noted for varieties Darkkhliba Kharkivskyi and Svoboda Kharkivska and for lines YATKH 19-19, YATKH 29-19, and YATKH 40-19.Svoboda Kharkivska, Kripost Kharkivska, and Opora Kharkivska were found to be the most adaptable to environmental changes varieties. That is, the yields harvested from these varieties fluctuated to a lesser extent under the influence of environmental conditions. At the same time, they optimally combine a high yield capacity and stability, as evidenced by their high genotype’s breeding values. They produced over 5 t/ha even under the unfavorable growing conditions. These varieties can be recommended for growing under different conditions throughout Ukraine to many producers. As to the lines, the highest breeding value was observed for YATKH 23-19 and YATKH 40-19. The selected accessions are also valuable material in breeding for yield capacity and adaptability.

Major aspects of interregional transfer of breeding/seed innovations with export potential

Purpose. To study and rationalize the main aspects of interregional transfer of breeding/plant innovations with export potential, of synergistic interaction between science, education and commodity production for more rapid innovative development of the country's regions.&#x0D; Material and methods. The study methods were dialectical, abstract-logical, monographic, computational/constructional, economic-statistical, graphic modeling and others. The study was based on the Laws of Ukraine, regulations and guidelines on market relations in the agrarian sector and seed production; statistical data and reports of basic farms of the institute.&#x0D; Results and discussion. For timely transfer of more adapted varieties, hybrids and parental components to production, we analyzed the numbers of accessions bred at the PPI nd.a. V.Ya. Yuriev NAAS in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine in 2021. As a result, we found that in 2021 the number of the major crop accessions bred at the Institute decreased by 15 compared to 2017, while during these years most breeding innovations were in demand from grain producers.&#x0D; That is, there is no urgent need to create as many new varieties as possible, and the implementation of breeding innovations into production is gradual, with due account for producers’ wishes and the market changes. In particular, the most competitive winter wheat varieties were Rozkishna, Shulyndinka, Harmonika, Zapashna, Doskonala, and Zdobna; variety Stoir and hybrids Saturn and Yupiter were the most competitive rye accessions; Ad 256, Amos, Nikanor and Buket were the most competitive winter triticale varieties.&#x0D; Analysis of the average sales of winter crop seeds of first generations in 2017–2021 indicated their gradual overproduction, as only 60–85% of these seeds were sold.&#x0D; Regarding the production and sales of spring cereals, legumes and groats crops, we learnt that pea, millet and spring barley varieties were in the greatest demand from users of grain products (the sale percentage was 74%, 69%, and 60%, respectively). The most competitive pea varieties were Oplot and Haiduk; Modern, Avhur, and Ahrarii were the most competitive spring barley varieties; Spadshchyna and Uliublena were the most competitive spring wheat varieties; Konstantynivske, Vitrylo, and Kozatske were the most competitive millet varieties.&#x0D; Conclusions. Thus, the results of the study for the period of 2017–2021 proved the feasibility of timely transfer of breeding/plant innovations with export potential (varieties, hybrids and parental components), which is important for scientific justification of seed production volumes for each generation and is a reference point for creating more profitable varieties and hybrids.

Biochemical properties of triticale. Triticale sprouts in food technology

The growing demand for agricultural and food products is forcing agricultural producers to provide agricultural production growth. The development of new food products based on grain seedlings is one of the directions of the market for functional food products. Triticale is a relatively new grain crop that can take its rightful place among traditional grain crops and in food production. One of the promising areas for using grain crops is the production of grain seedlings, which are characterized by a high content of vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes, microelements. The selection of modern varieties of triticale and methods of obtaining seedlings from grain will allow to determine promising directions for the use of triticale in the food industry, which, in turn, will contribute to the popularization of this culture as grains for processing.

Результаты испытания сортов озимого тритикале за 2019–2021 годы в условиях северо-восточной части Беларуси

The total sown area of winter triticale in 2020 in Belarus amounted to 456 thousand hectares. New varieties carry new qualities that need to be studied and compared in specific soil and climatic conditions, to evaluate them in order to make a decision on the possibility of their zoning or culling. The evaluation of varieties was carried out at the SAI "Goretskaya Variety Testing Station" of the Mogilev Region of the Republic of Belarus. The studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods of laying and conducting experiments. Agricultural technology of winter triticale recommended by modern technological regulations for the north-eastern part of Belarus. In total, in 2018–2020, 16 varieties of winter triticale were in variety testing. Average for 2019–2021 Compared to the control variety Dynamo, the variety IZS-3 showed itself better in terms of grain yield (+7.2 c/ha). On average, over the two years above, the yield was higher in the varieties Tadeus (+5.2 c/ha), IZS-5 (+7.0 c/ha), Tribonus (+6.0 c/ha) and Tikhon (+17.2 q/ha). According to the results of one year of testing, the yield of the control variety was higher in varieties IZS-6, IZS-7, Belkanto, Riparo and Rivolt. On the basis of competitive variety testing and assessment of ecological adaptability, it is possible to recommend the IZS-3 variety (Belarus) for inclusion in the State Register of varieties of the Republic of Belarus for cultivation in the conditions of the north-eastern part of Belarus. The varieties Tadeus (Germany), IZS-5 (Belarus), Tikhon (Russia) and Tribonus (Austria) should be recognized as promising. For further variety testing, varieties IZS-6 and IZS-7 (Belarus), Belcanto (Poland), Riparo (France) and Rivolt (France) should be recommended. Keywords: WINTER TRITICALE, VARIETY, COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING, YIELD STRUCTURE, PRODUCTIVITY, ECOLOGICAL ADAPTABILITY

Результаты испытания сортов озимого тритикале за 2019–2021 годы в условиях северо-восточной части Беларуси

The total sown area of winter triticale in 2020 in Belarus amounted to 456 thousand hectares. New varieties carry new qualities that need to be studied and compared in specific soil and climatic conditions, to evaluate them in order to make a decision on the possibility of their zoning or culling. The evaluation of varieties was carried out at the SAI "Goretskaya Variety Testing Station" of the Mogilev Region of the Republic of Belarus. The studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods of laying and conducting experiments. Agricultural technology of winter triticale recommended by modern technological regulations for the north-eastern part of Belarus. In total, in 2018–2020, 16 varieties of winter triticale were in variety testing. Average for 2019–2021 Compared to the control variety Dynamo, the variety IZS-3 showed itself better in terms of grain yield (+7.2 c/ha). On average, over the two years above, the yield was higher in the varieties Tadeus (+5.2 c/ha), IZS-5 (+7.0 c/ha), Tribonus (+6.0 c/ha) and Tikhon (+17.2 q/ha). According to the results of one year of testing, the yield of the control variety was higher in varieties IZS-6, IZS-7, Belkanto, Riparo and Rivolt. On the basis of competitive variety testing and assessment of ecological adaptability, it is possible to recommend the IZS-3 variety (Belarus) for inclusion in the State Register of varieties of the Republic of Belarus for cultivation in the conditions of the north-eastern part of Belarus. The varieties Tadeus (Germany), IZS-5 (Belarus), Tikhon (Russia) and Tribonus (Austria) should be recognized as promising. For further variety testing, varieties IZS-6 and IZS-7 (Belarus), Belcanto (Poland), Riparo (France) and Rivolt (France) should be recommended. Keywords: WINTER TRITICALE, VARIETY, COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING, YIELD STRUCTURE, PRODUCTIVITY, ECOLOGICAL ADAPTABILITY

Determination of Nutritive Value and In Vitro Gas Production of Some Triticale Varieties.

The aim of this study to determine the chemical composition, in vitro total gas production (TG), metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of grains belonging to different triticale varieties. Crude ash (CA) contents of varieties range from 2.05 to 2.30%, ether extract (EE) contents of the varieties is range of 1.82%-3.00%, crude protein (CP) content of varieties between 9.44 and 13.25%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of were range of 2.51-4.50% and 15.15-17.65%, respectively. In vitro total gas production of varieties was between 57.59 and 62.51, ME and OMD also between 11.69-12.55 Mj kg-1 DM and 78.06-82.24%, respectively. While Bera and Tatlıcak 97 leap out in terms of ME, Bera variety leap out in terms of OMD. Effects of varieties on chemical composition, in vitro TG, ME and OMD of triticale grains were found to be significant (P&amp;lt;0.05). According to chemical composition and fermentation parameters, Bera variety, has high values in terms of CP, ME and OMD can be recommended for grain production.

New variety of winter triticale Zubr

The purpose of the work is to create a drought-resistant, highly productive variety of winter triticale for the arid conditions of the Volga region. The article presents the main methods of creating and studying a new variety of winter hexaploid triticale Zubr. Breeding work on the creation of variety Zubr was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Organization “Federal Center of Agriculture Research of South-East Region”. The variety was selected by the method of intervarietal hybridization within the genus Triticale, followed by a single individual selection from hybrid population F7 Strelez /Student. The characteristics of the variety according to the most important economically valuable traits are given in comparison with the varieties Student and Valentin 90, approved for the use in the 8th region of the Russian Federation of the state register of breeding achievements. Grain can be used for animal feed in the form of fodder. The increase in grain yield to the standard variety Student on average over the years of study was 9.6 c/ha and to the Valentin 90 – 2.0 c/ha. The high yield of the variety is formed due to the high mass of 1000 grains, the number and weight of grain per spike as main characteristics in the breeding for drought resistance. The laboratory study also confirmed the high drought resistance of the Zubr variety. Cell membrane permeability, as an indirect indicator of drought resistance, had the lowest value in the new cultivar among 70 samples of the world collection. The new variety forms the completed grain (actual weight is 722g/l). The new cultivar and standards did not differ in the crude protein content in the grain (13.3-13.4%). In terms of the fall number, as an indirect indicator of resistance to pre-harvest grain germination, the new variety is inferior to standard varieties.

Spring triticale productivity at different doses of nitrogen fertilizers

Mineral nutrition improvement contributed signifcantly to spring triticale grain yield. On average, during the two years of research, the use of 30–210 kg/ha of active ingredient of nitrogen fertilizers increased it to 6.50–8.36 t/ha or by 14–46 % compared to unfertilized plots (5.71 t/ha). The stability index of yield formation was high – 0.92–0.95. Weather conditions in research years were different. The precipitation level in April – June 2014 made 442.7 mm, and in 2015 – 87.5 mm. In 2014, the application of N30–210 signifcantly increased the grain yield – by 0.81–2.66 t/ha, and in 2015 – by 0.77–2.64 t/ha compared to no fertilizer variant. It is worth noting that the use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers provided 0.30–0.32 t/ha. The application of 30–210 kg/ha of active ingredient of nitrogen fertilizers increased the protein content in spring triticale grain. During the two years of research, it increased, on average, from 13.7% in no fertilizer variant to 13.8–15.4 % or 1–12 %. The use of phosphorus– potassium fertilizers did not change this indicator. The use of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers (120–210 kg/ha) slightly reduced the stability index of protein content in the grain to 0.87–0.90. In terms of protein yield in triticale grain yield, variants with nitrogen fertilizers have signifcant advantage of unfertilized plots with the stability index of 0.92– 0.99. On average, during the two years of research, this indicator increased by 115–506 kg/ha or 1.1–1.6 times (894–1285 kg/ha) compared to no fertilizer variant. The use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers increased protein yield to 818 kg/ha or 5 %. Gluten content varied greatly from the use of nitrogen fertilizers. On average, over two years of research, its content increased from 18.7% in no fertilizer variant to 20.4–26.4 % or 9–41 %. Stability index in this fertilizer scenario increased from 0.76 to 0.91. The use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers had the least effect on gluten content – 19.3 %. In the conditions of the Right–Bank Forest–Steppe in the fertilizer system of spring triticale varieties of Kharkiv Khlibodar type the dose of nitrogen fertilizers is 60–90 kg/ha. In this scenario, the yield is 6.80–7.90 t/ha, protein content – 14.0–14.5 %, gluten content – 23.6– 25.0 %. The grain corresponds to the frst quality class according to SSTU 4762: 2007. Triticale. Specifcations. Key words: spring triticale, yield, protein content, protein yield, gluten content, nitrogen fertilizers.

The influence of agroclimatic conditions and mineral fertilizers on the grain productivity of spring triticale in the conditions of Mari El Republic

The article presents data of 2019-2021 on the influence of agroclimatic conditions and doses of mineral fertilizers on the grain productivity of 13 varieties of spring triticale. A close dependence of the yield of triticale varieties on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0-50 cm was established for the periods May-June (r = 0.73) and July-August (r = 0.85). Without the use of mineral fertilizers in arid conditions with reserves of productive moisture in 0-50 cm soil layer from 61 to 92 mm in the first half of the growing season, the grain productivity of spring triticale varieties was less than 3 t/ha. Under more favorable conditions of soil moistening (154 mm), the yield was almost 4 t/ha, which is a very good indicator for the conditions of Mari El Republic. Against the background of the application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N30-60P60K60, the grain productivity of varieties increased: Rovnya by 20-33 %, Saur ‒ 57-78 %, Savva ‒ 5-22 %, Timur ‒ 39-77 %, Dobroye ‒ 42-60 %, Zaozerye ‒ 38-40 %, KNIISKH 9 ‒ 16-40 %, KNIISKH 11 ‒ 12-30 %, KNIISKH 22 ‒ 22-28 %. On average, over three years of research, the varieties of spring triticale Dobroye (3.43 t/ha), Savva (3.12 t/ha) and KNIISKH 9 (3.26 t/ha) were characterized by a weak reaction to unfavorable soil moisture conditions and provided consistently high productivity of feed grain. The case of Dobroye variety, the most optimal variant for cultivating spring triticale in a simulated agrophytocenosis with a seeding rate of 4 million germinating seeds per hectare when applying N60P30K30 is established. On average for two years of the research the yield of this variety has reached 4.12 t/ha with a seeding rate of 4 million germinating seeds per hectare, which is 8 % higher than the control (3 million germinating seeds per hectare) and 22 % higher than in the variant with a seeding rate of 5 million pcs/ha.