Sweet Potato Cultivars Research Articles

Growth and Yield Component of Ethiopian White Fleshed Sweet Potato Varieties under Ridge and Flat Planting in Arba Minch Condition, Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, sweet potato is grown by smallholder farmers and considered as one of the major food crop among root crops. It is mainly grown around a densely populated area in the South, Southwestern and Eastern parts of the country. Recently, there are many varieties released with varying potential from different centers of the country. The adoption of these varieties is in need to different areas of the country with adaptation and productivity trials being prior activities. Arba Minch is among the potential locations of the country for the production of root and tuber crops. Even if the crop have high potential for yield; the area coverage, yield and diversity of varieties in Arba Minch is much less than that of other locations known in sweet potato production. The present study is conducted to evaluate some of the Ethiopian white fleshed sweet potato varieties under Arba Minch condition. Five white fleshed sweet potato varieties ( Berkume, Beletech, Tola, Awassa-83 and Hawassa-09 ) are tested with ridge and flat planting methods using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement. Among the tested parameters, the interaction effect of varieties and planting method is statistically very highly significant (P<0.001) on number of nodes per vine and internode length. The effect of planting methods is statistically significant (P<0.05) on internode length and root weight per plant only. While considering varieties, all the parameters tested are significantly influenced by variety type. The highest emergency rate ( 91.33 %) is recorded for variety A-83, while the lowest emergency rate ( 77.33 %) is recorded for variety Berkume. The highest number of nodes per vine (55.67) and the tallest internodes length (9 cm) was recorded for Beletech and Berkume under ridge planting respectively. Similarly, variety Beletech showed tallest vine length ( 314.33 cm ) than the other. The highest number of roots per plant (12.67) and highest mean root weight per plant (2.87 kg/plant) was recorded for variety Hawassa-09. Considering the economic parts, variety Hawassa-09 and variety Tola are recommended for Arba Minch area with ridge planting.

MORE CROP PER DROP: THE MAGIC OF SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas L.)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Water is the most valuable resource in agriculture. Agricultural development in semi-arid eastern Kenya is essentially dependent on intermittent rainfall. An accurate estimate of sweet potato water usage and productivity is considered a significant feature of conservation agriculture under such climatic conditions. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology:&lt;/strong&gt; The research was conducted for two seasons, from December 2018 to April 2019 and October 2019 to March 2020, with the aim of quantifying the water use efficiencies of two sweet potato varieties, Kabode and Bungoma. Assuming that there were no variations in water-use efficiency between the two varieties. The experiment was established as RCBD for the two seasons. Treatments comprised of sole sweet potato varieties of Kabode and Bungoma, together with their intercrops with common beans. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Seasonal effective rainfall values were 302 and 639.2 mm, whereas the mean saturation pressure deficit recorded was 2.5 and 2.4 Kpa for S (I) and S (II), respectively. This presented S(I) with 815.1 mm ET&lt;sub&gt;crop&lt;/sub&gt; demanding 622.1 mm irrigation water, whereas S(II) envisaged a 3.3% decrease in ET&lt;sub&gt;crop&lt;/sub&gt; values; 788 mm and requiring 427.6 mm of supplemental irrigation water to attain optimal sweet potato yields. Similarly, the test crops paraded WUE values of 39.8 and 30.0 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1 &lt;/sup&gt;mm&lt;sup&gt;-1 &lt;/sup&gt;and water productivity indices based on rain water were 1.11 and 0.95 kg m&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; for Kabode and Bungoma varieties, respectively. HI for S (I) were 40.8 and 35.4% whilst 54.2 and 46.8 % for Kabode and Bungoma varieties, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Implications:&lt;/strong&gt; WUE values of the sweet potato crop increased from warm-dry season S (I) to the warm-wet season S (II), as Kabode portrayed a higher adaptability. These results provide an acumen for decision making in the setting of climate change.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Kabode variety differed significantly with Bungoma variety in their abilities to efficiently use water, thus portraying its adaptability in such a peculiar environment. The climatic environment: dew point temperatures and saturation pressure deficit had no significant impact on sweet potato water use efficiency.&lt;/p&gt;

Consumer Preferences for Boiled and Fried Sweet Potato in Central and Northern Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

Aims: This study evaluated the sensory properties and consumer acceptability of orange-fleshed sweet potato and local sweet potato among households of Central and Northern Côte d’Ivoire.&#x0D; Study Design: Selection of sweet potato cultivars, determination of nutritional properties, cooking process, and evaluation of hedonic testing and consumer acceptability.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Bouake and Korhogo district in Central and Northern Côte d’Ivoire, for three years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (July to November).&#x0D; Methodology: Sensory evaluation and acceptability were performed using a nine-point hedonic scale. The relationships between the sensory attributes and the sweet potato cultivars were analyzed using a Principal Component Analysis plot. Biochemical standard methods were used to determine the dry matter, sugar, total carotenoid contents, and mineral composition of sweet potato cultivars tested by the sensory panel.&#x0D; Results: All twelve sweet potato cultivars were accepted based on sensory attributes with the different traits of preference. In Bouake district, white (Sanfo Figui 1 and Sanfo Figui 2) and yellow cultivars (Fatoni 2) were most preferred for their texture and yam-like taste, while in Korhogo locality, OFSP (Covington TIB-440060, CIP-199062-1 and Irene) and yellow cultivar (Gotchan) were most accepted because of their attractive appearance and their sweet taste. The OFSP cultivars recorded low dry matter and high sugar content compared to white and yellow varieties. Also, OFSP showed the highest content of carotenoid (181.70 to 351.47 µg/g dw), while local variety recorded low content. All the sweet potato cultivars tested contain mineral components.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study shows that the local and OFSP varieties were successfully accepted by the consumer with the different quality traits. The main quality traits that determine consumer preference are appearance, texture, and taste (none or sweet taste). Understanding consumer quality traits can increase the effectiveness of breeding programmes, increase yield and adoption of new varieties.

Variation in Boron Availability Alters Root Architecture Attributes at the Onset of Storage Root Formation in Three Sweetpotato Cultivars

The primary objective of this work was to generate species-specific information about root architectural adaptation to variation in boron (B) availability at the onset of storage root formation among three sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivars (Beauregard = BX; Murasaki = MU; Okinawa = OK). Three B levels were used: 0B (B was omitted in the nutrient solution, substrate B = 0.1 mg·kg−1), 1XB (sufficient B; 0.5 mg·kg−1), and 2XB (high B; 1 mg·kg−1). The check cultivar BX showed evidence of storage root formation at 15 days in 0B and 1XB, whereas cultivars MU and OK failed to show evidence of root swelling. The 1XB and 2XB levels were associated with 736% and 2269% increase in leaf tissue B in BX, respectively, relative to plants grown in 0B. Similar magnitudes of increase were observed in MU and OK cultivars. There were no differences in adventitious root (AR) count within cultivars but OK showed 25% fewer AR numbers relative to BX across all B levels. 0B was associated with 20% and 48% reduction in main root length in BX and OK, respectively, relative to plants grown in 1XB and 2XB. 2XB was associated with a 10% increase in main root length in MU relative to plants grown in 0B and 1XB. 0B was associated with reduced lateral root length in all cultivars but the magnitude of responses varied with cultivars. These data corroborate findings in model systems and well-studied crop species that B deficiency is associated with reduced root growth. These data can be used to further understand the role of cultivar-specific responses to variation in B availability in sweetpotato.

Identification of the genetic diversity of sweet potato germplasm based on quantitative morphological characters

Sweet potato is one of the prospective food crops to be used as an export commodity. Information on genetic diversity of sweet potato is needed as a consideration for the improvement of superior sweet potato varieties that have export quality. The research was conducted in Wringin Songo village, Tumpang, Malang Regency. The materials used were 150 sweetpotato accessions in total that consisting of: 19 superior varieties, 38 local clones, 1 introduced variety and 92 promising clones. This experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with two replications. The qquantitative morphological variables such as: potential yield, tuber weight, dry matter, stover weight, harvest index and number of tubers plot−1 were observed. The results showed that the genetic diversity was quite high in the sweet potato germplasm, there were 41 clones that had yield potential (≥ 30 t ha−1). Some of these clones were prospective to be used as parents for crossing due to their ability to flower. Two sweet potato clones (MSU 10001-18 and MSU 07030-64) with dark purple flesh colour, Kidal variety with yelow flesh color and above 30% tuber dry matter have the criteria required for export market.

Assessing the Productivity, Quality and Profitability of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potatoes Grown in Riverbank of the Tista Floodplain Agro-Ecological Zone of Bangladesh

Orange fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) are desirable for high productivity and profitability and their distribution to improve the nutrition of river bank inhabitants of Gaibandha and Rangpur districts of Bangladesh. In this context, a field trial was conducted in two riverbank-based farmers’ fields such as Saghata, Gaibandha, and Pirganj, Rangpur, particularly in the Active Tista Floodplain Agro-ecological Zone of Bangladesh. Four OFSP varieties were evaluated, i.e., G1: BARI SP-8; G2: BARI SP-12; G3: BARI SP-14; G4: BARI SP-15, along with one local cultivar as a control (Red skin with white flesh). Significant variations among the sweet potato genotypes were noted for a number of tuberous roots plant−1, length of root diameter of roots, tuberous root weight plant−1, root yield (fresh), root yield (dry), beta-carotene yield, as well as energy output. Over the locations, BARI SP-12 produced about 73% higher root yield (32.00 t ha−1) and it was like the BARI SP-8 (31.07 t ha−1), which produced about 68% higher yield in comparison with local cultivar (18.51 t ha−1). Across the location, BARI SP-8 performed better in root yield (31.89 t ha−1) in Gaibandha, 69% superior to local cultivar, whereas BARI SP-12 performed better in Rangpur (33.66 t ha−1), which was 86% greater than the local sweet potato cultivar. Considering the root dry yield production, BARI SP-8 produced the highest in the Gaibandha location after that Rangpur location. Further, BARI SP-14 had wider adaptability and stability over the year and location depended on the AMMI model. The beta carotene yield (Vitamin-A precursor) ranged 336–2957 kg ha−1 among the OFSP varieties, whereas the highest (2957 kg ha−1) carotene was recorded in BARI SP-14, similar to BARI SP-15 (2952 kg ha−1) but was much lower in BARI SP-8 and BARI SP-12. Moreover, BARI SP-8 and BARI SP-12 were also economically profitable in terms of gross margin (3233 and 3364 US$ ha−1, respectively), net return (3039 and 3170 US$ ha−1, respectively) and BCR (3.21 and 3.31, respectively, vs. 1.91) due to higher returns with a similar production cost of the local cultivar. The results suggested that BARI SP-8 is economically profitable in the riverbank areas of Gaibandha, and BARI SP-12 is suitable for the riverbank areas of Rangpur.

Mycorrhizal Inoculation Effect on Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) Seedlings

Sweet potato is an increasingly significant crop and its effective and sustainable cultivation has become important in temperate countries. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of a mycorrhizal inoculum, Symbivit, and whether it could establish a symbiotic relationship with the seedlings of two sweet potato varieties (orange and purple). The effectiveness of the mycorrhizal inoculation with a sterilized substrate on the mycorrhizal parameters (F%, M%, m%, a%, A%) and physical parameters “[length of roots and shoots (cm), the fresh weight of shoots and roots (g) as well as the length of stem (cm)]” on the sweet potato seedlings has also been studied. Results show that the sterilization treatment with Symbivit in both varieties increased the frequency of mycorrhiza in the root system. For the intensity of the mycorrhizal colonization in the root fragments and the arbuscular abundance, there was a difference between the mycorrhizal inoculum and the sterilization treatment among the varieties. Overall, the preliminary results provided remarkable information about mycorrhizal inoculation, substrate sterilization on mycorrhizal development, as well as changes in the physical parameters between sweet potato seedlings. Our results could serve as a practical strategy for further research into adding significance to the effect of the beneficial soil microbes on sweet potatoes.

The sweetpotato β-amylase gene IbBAM1.1 enhances drought and salt stress resistance by regulating ROS homeostasis and osmotic balance

Abiotic stressors, such as drought and high salinity, seriously affect plant growth, productivity, and quality. Maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and osmotic balance plays a crucial role in abiotic stress tolerance. β-amylase (BAM) hydrolyzes α-1,4-glycosidic bonds by releasing maltose from starch in the regulation of soluble sugars. However, the function and mechanism of BAMs related to abiotic stress resistance remain unclear in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). In this study, we isolated a novel β-amylase gene IbBAM1.1, which was strongly induced by PEG6000, NaCl, and maltose treatments in sweetpotato variety Yanshu25. Overexpression of IbBAM1.1 conferred enhanced tolerance to the drought and high salinity stressors in Arabidopsis thaliana. The activity of β-amylase and the degradation of starch were promoted under drought or salt stress. Accordingly, the contents of osmoprotectants, including maltose and proline were significantly higher in the transgenic lines than those in wild type (WT) plants. Less ROS, such as H2O2 and O2−, accumulated in the overexpressing lines than in WT plants. Superoxide dismutase activity was strongly enhanced and the level of malondialdehyde was lower under the drought or salt treatment in transgenic plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that IbBAM1.1 acted as a positive regulator, at least in part, by regulating the level of osmoprotectants to balance the osmotic pressure and activate the scavenging system to maintain ROS homeostasis in the plants.

General and specific combining ability studies of yield and yield character of sweet potato weevil in predominant and non-predominant environments

Combining ability for marketable sweet potato root yield were carried out using ten sweet potato varieties and their F1 hybrids in Cylasformicarius endemic (Landmark University, Omu Aran) and free (University of Ibadan) environments during 2012 cropping season. Both general combining ability and specific combining ability play significant role on traits such as marketable root yield, non- marketable root yield, and total number of storage root/plant and marketable storage root, root size, percentage of tuber damage and weight of total roots, as well as the incidence and severity were generally low, suggesting the role of additive and dominant gene action in tolerances to Cylasformicarius. Hybrids from the parents Resisto, TIS 87/0087 displayed high performance in term of Cylasformicarius tolerance. These parents and their hybrids appeared to have gene pools for Cylasformicarius tolerance that can be manipulated for developing promising hybrids in South west, Nigeria.

Improving Phenolic Bioactive-Linked Functional Qualities of Sweet Potatoes Using Beneficial Lactic Acid Bacteria-Based Biotransformation Strategy

Beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based fermentation is an effective biotransformation strategy to preserve and improve the human health-supporting functional qualities of plant-based food substrates. In this study, a food grade strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was recruited to improve the retention, stability, and bioavailability of phenolic bioactives to enhance the antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hypertensive functional qualities of three flesh-colored sweet potato varieties, Murasaki (off-white-fleshed), Evangeline (orange-fleshed), and NIC-413 (purple-fleshed). Liquid (cold water) extracts of the sweet potatoes, which are relevant for food grade applications, were fermented for 72 h at 37 °C. Total soluble phenolic content, phenolic profile, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hypertensive benefits relevant functional properties of fermented and unfermented sweet potato extracts were evaluated at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h time points using in vitro assay models. Overall, high total soluble phenolic content and total antioxidant activity were observed at 24 h, retaining this high level even after 72 h of fermentation. Additionally, moderate to high α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities were observed in the fermented sweet potato extracts. The results suggested that LAB-based fermentation is an effective post-harvest processing strategy for a higher retention of phenolic bioactives and concurrently improves the human health protective bioactive functional qualities of sweet potatoes.

Identification of Sweet Potato Germplasm Resistant to Pathotypically Distinct Isolates of Meloidogyne enterolobii from the Carolinas.

Meloidogyne enterolobii (syn. mayaguensis) is an emergent species of root-knot nematode that has become a serious threat to sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) production in the southeastern United States. The most popular sweet potato cultivars grown in this region are highly susceptible to M. enterolobii. As a result, this pest has spread across most of the sweet potato growing counties in the Carolinas, threatening the industry as well as other crops in the region. The development and release of new sweet potato cultivars with resistance to M. enterolobii would help to manage and slow the spread of this pest. To support sweet potato resistance breeding efforts, 93 accessions selected from the U.S. Department of Agriculture germplasm collection and breeding programs in the United States were screened to identify 19 lines with strong resistance to M. enterolobii. The resistance in these accessions was tested against two M. enterolobii isolates that were collected from sweet potato production fields in the Carolinas. These isolates were found to have distinct pathotypes, with galling and nematode reproduction differences observed on cotton as well as sweet potato. This study is the first report of intraspecific pathotypic variation in M. enterolobii, and it identifies sweet potato germplasm with resistance against both pathogenic variants of this nematode.

Single cultivation versus sweet potato and popcorn intercropping: benefits over edaphic fauna in ecological-based system

The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and abundance of edaphic fauna organisms in single and intercropped systems of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and ecologically-based popcorn (Zea mays) in Red Oxisol, in the Northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Four sweet potato cultivars were used in single systems and intercropped with popcorn: BRS Amélia, BRS Rubissol, BRS Cuia and Crioula. The soil fauna assessment was carried out using PROVID-type traps. Richness, abundance and the dominance indices of Shannon (H’) and Simpson (D) were determined. The orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Collembola and Orthoptera, were dominant in both cultivation systems. The single cultivation showed a greater number of organisms in the orders Isopoda and Collembola, whereas in the intercropped system, the orders Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera stood out. The intercropping cultivation of sweet potato and popcorn shows highest diversity and abundance of soil organisms compared to the single cultivation.

Engineered Nanomaterials Suppress the Soft Rot Disease (Rhizopus stolonifer) and Slow Down the Loss of Nutrient in Sweet Potato.

About 45% of the world’s fruit and vegetables are wasted, resulting in postharvest losses and contributing to economic losses ranging from $10 billion to $100 billion worldwide. Soft rot disease caused by Rhizopus stolonifer leads to postharvest storage losses of sweet potatoes. Nanoscience stands as a new tool in our arsenal against these mounting challenges that will restrict efforts to achieve and maintain global food security. In this study, three nanomaterials (NMs) namely C60, CuO, and TiO2 were evaluated for their potential application in the restriction of Rhizopus soft rot disease in two cultivars of sweet potato (Y25, J26). CuO NM exhibited a better antifungal effect than C60 and TiO2 NMs. The contents of three important hormones, indolepropionic acid (IPA), gibberellic acid 3 (GA-3), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the infected J26 sweet potato treated with 50 mg/L CuO NM were significantly higher than those of the control by 14.5%, 10.8%, and 24.1%. CuO and C60 NMs promoted antioxidants in both cultivars of sweet potato. Overall, CuO NM at 50 mg/L exhibited the best antifungal properties, followed by TiO2 NM and C60 NM, and these results were further confirmed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The use of CuO NMs as an antifungal agent in the prevention of Rhizopus stolonifer infections in sweet potatoes could greatly reduce postharvest storage and delivery losses.

A New Curve of Critical Leaf Potassium Concentration Based on the Maximum Root Dry Matter for Diagnosing Potassium Nutritional Status of Sweet Potato.

Critical leaf nutrient concentrations have often been used to diagnose the nutritional status of crops. Determining critical leaf potassium (K) concentrations for the maximum root dry matter (RDM) will provide a reliable means of linking leaf K nutrient concentrations to the yield of sweet potato. Three field experiments, using varying K application rates (0–300 kg K ha−1) and two sweet potato cultivars, were performed in the Zhejiang Province of China. A new critical leaf K curve (Kleaf) based on the maximum RDM was determined to assess K nutrition in sweet potato and described by the equation . A critical root K curve (Kroot) based on the maximum RDM was also determined to assess K nutrition and described by the equation . The K nutrition index (KNI) was constructed to identify the situations of K-limiting and non-K-limiting treatments. The leaf KNI (KNIleaf) ranged from 0.56 to 1.17, and the root K KNI (KNIroot) ranged from 0.52 to 1.35 during the growth period of sweet potato. The results showed that the critical leaf K concentration curve can be used as an accurate leaf K status diagnostic tool at critical growth stages that connected leaf nutrient concentration and sweet potato tuber yield. This K curve will contribute to K management of sweet potato during its growth period in China.

Impact of different postharvest thermal processes on changes in antioxidant constituents, activity and nutritional compounds in sweet potato with varying flesh colour

Sweet potatoes are key to food security, nutrition and income generation in sub-Saharan Africa, and orange-fleshed sweet potato contributes towards pro-vitamin A intake. This study investigated the changes in phytonutritional components and antioxidant activity in six sweet potato cultivars with varying flesh colour in fresh form and during different postharvest thermal treatments; conventional cooking (boiled), drying in hot-air convection oven dryer (14 h at 60°C) as well as blanched and unblanched indirect solar drying (at 20-60°C for 48 h). Overall thermal processing enhanced the retention of total protein content, Zn, total phenols, epicatechin, protocatechuic acid, and 2-caffeoyl-L-tartaric acid in all six cultivars compared to the fresh form. However, vanillic acid was not detected in most of the cultivars after cooking except in ‘C5-1. Hot-air convection oven drying significantly increased the total phenolic content in all six cultivars compared to the fresh form and other drying methods, while hot-air oven dried ‘Monate’ contained the highest total phenols and protocatechuic acid. Similarly, hot-air oven dried ‘C5-1’ showed the highest epicatechin and vanillic acid content compared to the fresh form and other drying methods. Cooking increased the 2-caffeoyl-L-tartaric acid in all six cultivars, compared to the fresh form and the highest content was detected in cooked ‘Bophelo’. Blanching and solar drying improved the β-carotene content in orange cultivars ‘Beauregard’, ‘Bophelo’ and ‘C5-1’, of which ‘C5-1’ showed the highest β-carotene content. Cooking increased the antioxidant power (FRAP activity) in all six cultivars and increased the protein content and Zn content in ‘Ndou’ and ‘199062.1’ respectively. The study provided novel information on the changes in phytonutritional components of different sweet potato cultivars including the cream cultivars ‘Monate’ and ‘Ndou’ and orange cultivars ‘Bophelo’ and ‘C5-1’ bred locally in South Africa, using different processing methods.

Optimization of HS-SPME for GC-MS Analysis and Its Application in Characterization of Volatile Compounds in Sweet Potato.

Volatile compounds are the main chemical species determining the characteristic aroma of food. A procedure based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HP-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to investigate the volatile compounds of sweet potato. The experimental conditions (fiber coating, incubation temperature and time, extraction time) were optimized for the extraction of volatile compounds from sweet potato. The samples incubated at 80 °C for 30 min and extracted at 80 °C by the fiber with a divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) coating for 30 min gave the most effective extraction of the analytes. The optimized method was applied to study the volatile profile of four sweet potato cultivars (Anna, Jieshu95-16, Ayamursaki, and Shuangzai) with different aroma. In total, 68 compounds were identified and the dominants were aldehydes, followed by alcohols, ketones, and terpenes. Significant differences were observed among the volatile profile of four cultivars. Furthermore, each cultivar was characterized by different compounds with typical flavor. The results substantiated that the optimized HS-SPME GC-MS method could provide an efficient and convenient approach to study the flavor characteristics of sweet potato. This is the basis for studying the key aroma-active compounds and selecting odor-rich accessions, which will help in the targeted improvement of sweet potato flavor in breeding.

Mor ve Turuncu Tatlı Patates Diyet Lif Konsantrelerinin Sucukta Kullanım Olanaklarının Araştırılması

Dietary fibers have positive effects on the product structure thanks to their technological features. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of dietary fibers obtained from purple and orange sweet potato varieties on heat-treated sucuks. For this purpose, dietary fibers were produced from sweet potato varieties and their characterizations were determined. Then, sweet potato fibers were added to the sucuks in the amount included in their formulation and the effects of dietary fiber change were examined in terms of physicochemical, bioactive, textural and sensory. In this context, it was determined that the color change in sweet potatoes affected the color properties of the dietary fibers obtained. In addition, it was observed that the hardness value was the highest (1715.35 g) in sucuks to which orange sweet potato starch, which has high oil and water binding values, and the sweet potato fibers changed the product properties compared to the control group. Total phenolic content of sucuks was determined in the range of 60.57-130.45 mg/ml gallic acid and it was determined that sweet potato fibers increased the phenolic content. As a result of the study, it was determined that sweet potato dietary fibers are an alternative additive for sucuks.

Characterization of the essential oils from leaves of different sweet potato cultivars grown in Brazil

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) leaves are commonly used as human foodstuff in some African and Asian countries. Scientific knowledge about the chemical composition and biological properties of these leaves is useful to allow humans to properly use this specific part of this plant. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and toxicological potentials of the essential oils obtained from the leaves of four cultivars of sweet potatoes (Batata Roxa, IAPAR 69, Beni Imo and Batata-doce Japonesa) grown in Brazil. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation (100°C, 4 hours) and their components were analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID techniques. The antioxidant activities and the toxicological potentials of these essential oils were determined by ABTS and Artemia salina assays, respectively. Twenty-three compounds were found in these essential oils, with the sesquiterpene group being the major one. The compounds β-caryophyllene, β-copaene, γ-elemene, and β-elemene were found in concentrations of 1.08 – 28.63% of the essential oil among cultivars. β-Caryophyllene, α-caryophyllene, and δ-cadinene may explain the characteristic aroma of these essential oils. Their moderate antioxidant capacities demonstrated by the mean IC50(ABTS) value of (2.53 ± 0.27) mg mL−1 could be explained by the synergistic effects of α-cadinol, α-caryophyllene, γ-elemene, δ-cadinene, germacrene B, and phytol. The LD50(ASB) values (minimum: 0.60 ppm for cv. Beni Imo; maximum: 4.78 ppm for cv. Batata Roxa) are probably associated with δ-cadinene, α-cadinol, phytol, and α-caryophyllene. The high cytotoxicity attributed to this kind of essential oil shows that its use as a natural food preservative can be harmful to human health. The use of sweet potato leaves as a human foodstuff must be also considered with caution. As far as we are aware, no studies on the essential oils of these cultivars of sweet potato grown in Brazil were previously reported in the literature.

Agronomic Performance and Organoleptic Characteristics of Local Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas) Cultivated in Mbaiki (Central African Republic)

In the Central African Republic, there are a multitude of local varieties of sweet potato. However, few studies have been carried their agro morphological and organoleptic characteristics. A Fisher random block device was set up on the three local varieties of sweet potato. The growing and production parameters were evaluated as well as the organoleptic characteristics through the food taste test. The parameters of growing and production were assessed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with one classification criterion using the R software version 3.1.3. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed with the growth and yield parameters in order to highlight the correlations between these different parameters. The variety 1 (V1) produced the plants with the largest diameters (1.30 cm), while the smallest diameters was observed in the variety 2 (V2) with 0.55 cm. There is a significant difference (P-value = 0.0001) between the different varieties according to the ANOVA test. According to the length of the tuber, the V2 produced the longest tuberous root than the others with an average of 28.53 cm. The smallest length is observed in the V3 with an average of 25.12 cm. There is not significant (p-value = 0.216) in relation with the length of the tuber for the cultivated varieties of the sweet potato. The eigenvalues of the two main axes extracted from the Principal Component Analysis explained 53.68% and 16.82% of the matrix growth/ yield information. Along the factor axes, apart from parameters such as tuber diameters and length which are not positively correlated, there is little variability between the other parameters which are strongly correlated.

Nutrient composition and functional properties: Suitability of flour of sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas) for incorporation into food production

Sweet potatoes are effortlessly grown and high yielding food crop. However, these are considered as underutilized produce with limited incorporation into food industry. Hence the objectives of this study were to determine the nutrient composition and functional properties of twelve (12) sweet potato varieties available in Sri Lanka to study the potential to be incorporated into food production. The varieties analysed were Ama, Dhawala, Wariyapola White, Wariyapola Red, Shanthi, Hordi Malee, CARI 09, CARI 273, Ranabima, Gannoruwa White, Chithra and Makandura Purple. Determination of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, dietary fiber (soluble/insoluble), carbohydrates and functional properties were by standard methods. Ash, crude fat and crude protein contents comprised less than 7% (dry matter; DM) with total carbohydrate content varying between 49-80% DM in studied sweet potatoes. Total dietary fiber comprises approximately 8.5% (DM) with the highest proportion being insoluble dietary fiber. Functional properties resulted a swelling capacity of 15-27 mL with high oil absorption capacity (120-220%), emulsion activity (42-48%) and stability (above 35%), and bulking density (0.62-0.95 g/cc) with least gelation concentration of 18-30%. The results prove the ability of the studied sweet potato flours to be incorporated in composite flour mixtures and novel food products.