Cherry Varieties Research Articles

Content of mineral substances and sugar acid complex of introduced and local breeding varieties of cherries grown in Dagestan

In sweet cherry varieties cultivated in foothill Dagestan, to establish their selection and technological priorities, the mineral composition was studied, the content of sugars and acids was determined by generally accepted analysis methods. The subjects of the study were fruits of 8 introduced and 12 local breeding varieties of sweet cherries, which, depending on the variety, contained: potassium 80.6- 312.5; calcium 10.0-35.6; sodium 9.4-48.9; magnesium 7.7-21.2; phosphorus 25.6-55.1; iron 0.19-1.02; copper 0.08-0.63; manganese 0.11-0.68 and zinc 0.31-0.94 mg%. The best in terms of the total supply of macroelements in fruits were varieties: Gudzon - 427.7; Valeriy Chkalov - 335.2; Vinka - 320.8; Lezginka- 294.6; Durona de Vinola (sek.) - 284.3; Dagestanskaya chernaya - 271.4 and Pozdnyaya Lermontova - 271.0 mg%. A large amount of microelements (2.18-1.79 mg%) were found in the fruits of the varieties Valeriy Chkalov, Gudzon, Durona de Vinola (sek.), Krupnoplodnaya, Bigarro Krainskogo, Dagestanskaya rannyaya, Dagestanskaya chernaya and Pozdnyaya Lermontova. Most varieties of sweet cherries: Polyanka, Gudzon, Vinka, Romantika, Bigarro Krainskogo, Buynakskaya chernaya, Lezginka, Leningradskaya gvardeyskaya and Pozdnyaya Lermontova, the total amount of sugars ranged from 11.2-12.8 %, and the concentration of acids was 0.63-1.10 %. The most promising for the optimization of the industrial variety of sweet cherries in the conditions of Dagestan, the use in selection work and the design of new specialized food products, were the varieties Valeriy Chkalov, Vinka, Durona de Vinola (sek.), Gudzon, Krupnoplodnaya, Bigarro Krainskogo, Dagestanskaya chernaya, Lezginka and Pozdnyaya Lermontova, distinguished by the greatest ability formation of mineral substances, sugars and acids in fruits.

Frost Risk Assessment in Slovenia in the Period of 1981–2020

As spring frost proves to be an increasing risk throughout Slovenia and Europe, a better assessment of frost risk is needed. The statistical approach presented in this article consists of the conditional probability that the last spring frost occurs before budburst or flowering. The analysis was conducted using two separate phenological models and phenological data of various grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), apple (Malus domestica), and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties in locations across Slovenia. The increase in risk of spring frost for grapevine ranged from 1 to 1980, from 0.06 to 12 for apple, and from 1 to 180 for sweet cherry. Overall, the varieties most prone to frost proved to be Refošk (Teran) and Merlot grapevine varieties as well as the Germersdorf sweet cherry variety. We have identified the location in the hilly region with moderate climate where the Bobovec apple variety is grown as the least exposed to frost. Although counterintuitive, the GDD generally proved somewhat more efficient than the two-phase phenological model BRIN, although not in all cases. For the purpose of the study, the phenological models were calibrated, and the model parameters can serve as invaluable information for further research of this topic.

A bacterial formula with native strains as alternative to chemical fertiliser for tomato crop

Global tomato productivity is threatened by biotic and abiotic stressors. To support and guarantee an adequate yield of tomato crops, agricultural practices have been based on the intensive use of fertilisers with negative impacts on the environment. This study presents a simple and effective strategy of functional bioaugmentation, suitable for different varieties, to replace chemical fertilisation. A tailored microbial formula composed by eight indigenous strains (including the genera Delftia, Pseudomonas, Paenarthrobacter, Phyllobacterium, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter) was developed as biofertilizer. Strains were selected from native soil for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) functions, and combined respecting the taxonomic composition of the original PGP heterotrophic community structure. The effect of the bio-fertilisation vs chemical fertilisation was tested in three successive field trials in the company greenhouse, with different tomato varieties (Camone, Oblungo, Cherry). When bio-fertilisation was applied only twice during the Camone’s life cycle, tomato yield was significantly reduced (0.8 vs 2.1 kg per plant, p = 0.0003). However, monthly inoculation during plant growth led to a fruit yield comparable to that obtained with chemical fertilisers (about 1.5 kg per plant for Oblungo, and about 2 kg per plant for Cherry variety, p = 0.9999). Bio-fertilization did not significantly affect plant height; only during the last growing period of the Cherry variety, a significantly higher average plant height (p < 0.0001) was observed with chemical fertiliser. The results indicate that a knowledge-based bacterial formula and monthly inoculation during the plant growth can be a successful bio-fertilisation strategy. These findings may pave the way towards more sustainable tomato production, since farming practices are becoming increasingly crucial, in accordance with Agenda 2030 and the UE “Farm to Fork” strategy.Graphical

Assessment of sweet cherry fruit quality according to the requirements of the modern market

Assessment of commercial properties of sweet cherry fruit determines the competitiveness of fresh fruit in the modern market. The selection of cultivars with the highest number of high-quality fruits to meet the preferences of all stakeholders is relevant. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the commercial indicators for assessing the quality of sweet cherry fruit of three ripening periods and to select the most competitive cultivars for sustainable supply of fresh fruit to the modern market. The methods used in the study were field, laboratory, and comparative. The commercial properties of 33 sweet cherry cultivars of early, middle, and late ripening were determined. The sweet cherry fruits of the cultivars under study were divided into two commercial classes according to fruit size and defects. The fruits were analysed for the following defects: cracked, scarred, and browned skin. The amount of non-standard sweet cherry fruit production for each cultivar was determined. For each ripening period of sweet cherry varieties, the average value of the volume of fruits of classes I-II and non-standard products was established. A general trend towards an increase in the amount of high-quality fruit raw materials for late-ripening cultivars was identified. The most valuable cultivars of early (Skazka and Zabuta), medium (Uliublenytsia Turovtseva and Temp) and late (Anons) ripening were identified, which provided the maximum number of class I fruits. The maximum production was determined in the Merchant (early ripening), Cordia (medium ripening) and Karina (late ripening) cultivars. The lowest volume of non-standard products was found in cultivars of different ripening periods – Skazka, Prostir, and Anons. The fruit classification into commercial classes can be used to evaluate the fruit of sweet cherry cultivars and determine the possibility of using them fresh, for long-term chilled storage and for various further processing methods

Биохимическая и товарно-потребительская оценка качества сортов черешни, интродуцированных в условиях Дагестана

Abstract. The purpose. Identification of among the variety of cherries introduced in the natural and climatic conditions of the northern foothills of Dagestan, the most promising variety samples distinguished by high nutritional value and the best commodity and consumer quality indicators for further use in selection and horticulture in order to optimize the industrial variety of cherries. Methods. The studies were carried out using generally accepted chemical methods of analysis and standard methods of sweet cherry variety study. Results. It was determined that the largest amount of soluble solids was contained in the fruits of the varieties: Melanbayer (15.3 %), Polyanka (14.8 %), Lyaskovska Khrushchalka (14.6 %) and Merton Bigarro (14.5 %). The best in terms of the mass concentration of sugars (11.57–12.81 %) were the varieties Sofiyska Khrushchalka, Merton Bigarro, Polyanka and Melanbayer. The varieties Gudzon, Merton Bigarro, Polyanka, Melanbayer and Meteor distinguished themselves with a high content of titrated acids (0.80–1.14 %). Sweet cherry varieties Polyanka, Sofiyska Khrushchalka, Gudzon, Van, Melanbayer and Merton Bigarro were distinguished by the greatest ability to accumulate vitamin C (7.21–9.16 mg%). The fruits of the Polyanka and Sofiyska Khrushchalka varieties received the highest tasting rating (5 points). The best indicators of fruit weight were distinguished by the varieties Van (6.7 g), Gudzon (7.2 g), Lyaskovska Khrushchalka (7.2 g) and Polyanka (9.0 g). The results of the technical analysis of the fruits of the sweet cherry prototypes showed that the Merton Bigarro, Van, Lyaskovska Hrushalka and Polyanka varieties belong to the highest commercial grade. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive quality assessment of 12 varieties of sweet cherries introduced in the conditions of foothill Dagestan was carried out and the most promising varieties were identified (Polyanka, Gudzon, Merton Bigarro, Van and Sofiyska Khrushchalka), which are distinguished by the best quality indicators that can be recommended for successful optimization of the industrial variety, as well as used as donors and gene sources in selection work in order to improve the biochemical composition, commodity-consumer and tasting characteristics of fruits.

Forming innovative clonal rootstocks for varieties of the genus &lt;i&gt;Cerasus&lt;/i&gt; Mill. (&lt;i&gt;Prunus cerasus&lt;/i&gt; L.)

The paper considers the main problems and solutions reported in literature concerning the formation and use of clonal rootstocks for cherry varieties in Russia, Europe and America. Examples of certain species are given (Cerasus fruticosa Pall., C.incisa Thunb., C.canescens (Bois) Erem. et Yushev, C.pseudocerasus Fr. Schmidt.), which were previously involved in hybridization for forming clonal rootstock of stone fruit crop. Following the performed research, the authors propose an approach to forming innovative vegetatively propagated rootstocks for species of the genus Cerasus Mill. (cherry, sweet cherry, Oriental cherry) based on distant hybridization and using germ preselection and cultivation in vitro. The obtained results confirm the importance of including previously selected sources and donors in the breeding process for forming clonal rootstocks with the following essential features: resistance to adverse environmental factors, low and high air temperatures, main harmful diseases – coccomycosis (causative agent Coccomyces hiemalis Higg.), monilial burn (Monilia cinerea Bon.), clasterosporiosis (Clasterosporium carpophilum Aderch.), and easy rooting of shoots (rooting ability). Such sources were isolated from collection representatives of cherry species: C.sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Komar. et Klob.-Alis. – 49 specimens, C.serrulata (Lindl.) G. Don. – 35, C.kurilensis (Miyabe) Kaban et Vorobiev – 43, (C.maximowiczii (Rupr.) Komar) – 34, C.lannesiana Carr – 4. The above forms, selected for breeding traits for the rootstock, were used for hybridization. Forms were isolated from F1 hybrid progeny from crossing them with sweet cherry (both forward and backward), and 25 F2 hybrids were obtained from all representatives. Germ cultivation in vitro enabled the breeding process to be accelerated by 2–3 years, and micropropagation of hybrid clones in vitro, transfer of microplants ex vitro and their subsequent cultivation in vivo under laboratory conditions enabled the necessary amount of breeding plant material (75 hybrids and 650 clones) to be obtained for further tests in a nursery.

Utjecaj vegetativnih podloga različite bujnosti na kvalitetu ploda trešnje sorte Lapins

In the experiment, the 'Lapins' cherry variety was grafted on six rootstocks of different vigour (F12 / 1, Maxma 14, PiKu 1, Gisela 5, Weiroot 13 and Weiroot 158). The orchard was in full production (8 years after planting) and was planted at a distance of 5 x 3.5 m. The orchard was not irrigated. Samples were analyzed at full maturity. The study showed a significant impact on almost all parameters of fruit quality. The largest fruits were on the rootstock F12 / 1 and Gisela 5. The color indicators of the skin and flesh depended relatively little on the rootstocks. In the chemical composition, greater differences were manifested in the soluble dry matter, on W13 and PiKu 1 being highest, in which the vitamin C content was also higher. The largest differences were found in the content of phenol (199.0 mg / kg on the rootstock PiKu 1, and 68.3 on the rootstock W158) and in the content of neflavanoids (231.7 mg / kg on the rootstock PiKu 1, and 119.5 mg / kg on F12 / 1).

Importance of honey bee in cherry species pollination (Kocaeli/Turkey)

This study was carried out in 3 gardens determined in Başiskele, Körfez and Karamürsel districts of Kocaeli province in 2017-2018. A cherry tree was caged and covered with a 4 mm x 4 mm perforated net before flowering to prevent the penetration of honey bees. Before the beginning of flowering, a honey bee colony was placed in 4 decares in each garden and the net was removed at the end of the flowering period. As a result of our study in two field of application gardens aged 10 and 20 (with Ziraat 900 cherry varieties), it was determined that the approximate yield of the caged tree was 1.5 kg in the garden where the bee colony was placed, whereas the other cherry trees which were not caged yielded approximately 50 kg per tree in the same garden. As a result of the study in our third field of application garden aged 7 (with Regina cherry variety), it was determined that the approximate yield of the caged tree was 2.5 kg in the garden where the bee colony was placed, whereas the other cherry trees which were not caged yielded approximately 30-35 kg per tree in the same garden. This situation concretely shows that dependency on honey bee in cherry pollination is even higher than 90%. Consequently, flowers need bees for pollination and bees need flowers for nutrition. The use of honey bees in the pollination of cherry plant should be made widespread.

Growing a low-growth clone planting material of cherry from green cuttings

We dealt with the study of the ability of different varieties of cherries, cherries and vegetatively propagated rootstocks to reproduce by green cutting explants in artificial substrates in buildings with a controlled microclimate inside. As varieties in the experiment, such varieties of cherries as Shpanka black, Podbelskaya, Shubinka and Lyubskaya, cherries Revershon, Bakhor, and Drogana yellow were used. Of the vegetatively propagated rootstocks, the following were studied: P-1, P-2, P-3, PN, VTS-13, VP-1, ORP-2, ORP-3, VSL-2 (Krymsky 5), SAV-6R. Of the used cherry varieties, the best rooting of green cuttings was possessed by such cherry varieties as Shpanka black, Podbelskaya and Shubinka, with a quality index of cuttings rooting in the substrate of 70.1 to 83.5%. In sweet cherry varieties, this indicator was 2.5 times lower and generally did not exceed 30.2%. Vegetatively propagated rootstocks provided high quality results of rooting of cuttings explants. In almost all of these rootstocks, the rooting rate of green cuttings did not decrease below 72%. The average rooting rate of rootstock cuttings was 85.7%. This indicates that these rootstocks can be used for industrial cultivation of stone fruit seedlings.

Chemical composition of the fruits of Cornus mas L. introduced in Uzbekistan

Cornelian cherry - Cornus mas L. is a shrub or small tree, a plant belonging to the Cornaceae family. Cornelian cherry contains glucose, fructose, organic acids, especially lactic acid, nitrogen and dyes, essential oils, C, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and P and other vitamins, mineral salts and active substances. It is widely used in medicine for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Cornelian cherry is one of the promising vitamin-rich medicinal plants introduced in our country. Cornelian cherry is used in the food, pharmaceutical industry as an ornament, in traditional medicine and in the manufacture of household items. It is widely used in medicine for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Therefore, it is important to research the chemical composition of these species. In the article, based on our research, the analysis of the quantitative calculation of carbohydrates and amino acids of the fruits of the “Elegant” and “Svetlyachok” cherry varieties was carried out. It was found that the amount of amino acids in the fruits of Cornus mas L., introduced in Uzbekistan, is higher in the variety “Svetlyachok” 2.643235 mg/g. In “Elegant” variety it was 1.794235 mg/g.

Морозостійкість великоплідних сортів черешні (Cerasus avium Moench.) в умовах правобережної частини Західного Лісостепу

The results of determining the potential level of frost resistance of 27 promising large-fruited cherry varieties using the laboratory freezing method are presented. The purpose of the research was to study the adaptive potential of promising large-fruited cherry varieties of Ukrainian breading program in terms of determining their resistance to the impact of critical low temperatures. The degree of tissues frost damage of shoots and buds was assessed according to intensity of their browning on transverse anatomical sections based on microscopic analysis on a six-point scale. According to the results of research, varieties with the highest level of frost resistance were selected. Laboratory freezing of one-year branches of large-fruited cherries varieties during a period of relative rest under the temperatures of -25 and -30 °С, should the features of freezing of their tissues and parts of growths. A higher degree of freezing of the tops of one-year branches compared to their middle part was established. It also was revealed a high potential frost resistance of the researched varieties at temperatures of minus 25 °С. At the same time, at – 30 °С, severe damage of individual tissues of one-year branches was found in the varieties Dzherelo, Regina, Prostir, Vasylisa Prekrasna and Temporion, which were marked by a high indexed score of damage - 61.8-72.3 % (for the minimum permissible 50 %). Against their background, the most frost-resistant varieties were selected, such as Donchanka, Anons, Kazka, Etyka, Krupnoplidna, Valeriia and Anshlag, which had the lowest indexed damage score (30.4-43.8 %) and may be promising for growing in the right bank part of the west Lisosteppe of Ukraine, because they were characterized by a greater adaptability to the impact of low critical temperatures during a period of relative rest. Key words: cherry, cultivar, laboratory freezing, temperature, critical tissue damage, frost resistance.

Influence of Modern Technologies on the Formation of Cultivated Cherry Varieties, in Temperate Climates

Influence of Modern Technologies on the Formation of Cultivated Cherry Varieties, in Temperate Climates

Promising varieties of sour cherry Prunus cerasus L. with a complex of fruit quality traits for growing in the southern Russia

Southern assortment of cherries does not quite meet the modern requirements of production. Many varieties are low-productive, not resistant to cherry leaf spot ( Coccomyces hiemalis ) and moniliosis ( Monilia cinerea ), small-fruited, with low taste qualities. However, new varieties have been created that have not been studied by the complex of consumer and commodity qualities of fruits. Thus, evaluation of new varieties for these traits is relevant. The aim of the research was to evaluate cherry varieties of different origin for commodity, biochemical, and consumer qualities of fruits. The research was carried out in the Kuban horticultural zone of the Krasnodar territory. Objects of the research were 9 varieties of sour cherry trees. Field and laboratory studies were conducted according to Program and methodology of varietal study of fruit, berry and nut crops (1999), Methodological instructions on chemical and technological variety testing of vegetable, fruit and berry crops for canning industry (1993). Statistical analysis was carried out according to B.A. Dospekhov (2014) and G.F. Lakin (1990). It was found that the average fruit weight of cherry varieties varied not significantly - from 2.72 to 6.45 g, which was confirmed by the coefficient of variation (23.3 %). Indicators of maximum and minimum fruit weight varied significantly in varieties, coefficients of variation were 27.2 and 29.7 %, respectively. The following cherry varieties with large fruits were identified: Timati, Igrushka, Duk Ivanovna, Duk Khodosa, Prizvaniya and Svetlaya. were distinguished. Cherry varieties with high sugar content in fruits were as follows: Feyа, Dzhusi Frut and Igrushka. Feyа, Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Svetlaya and Dzhusi Frut had fruits with low acidity; Feyа, Dzhusi Frut and Igrushka fruits were characterized by high content of soluble solids in fruits. Feyа, Igrushka and Duk Khodosa fruits had the highest content of vitamin C; Igrushka, Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Svetlaya and Dzhusi Frut were rich in Vitamin P; Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Dzhusi Frut and Duk Ivanovna had the largest anthocyanin content. Therefore, Igrushka and Duk Khodosa cherry varieties are recommended for growing in the southern Russia and breeding for improvement of fruit quality.

The total content of polyphenols and flavonoids in cherry varieties of Kazakhstan selection

Relevance. In general, phenolic compounds are aromatic compositions, where a benzene ring is associated with one or more hydroxide groups. All phenolic compounds are divided into groups by structure and fragment’s type. There are more 10 000 types of different phenolic compounds structures that are found in plants raw materials and food products. The studies covered in the article are relevant, both from the point of view of scientific novelty, and to substantiate the benefits of consuming cherries of new varieties of Kazakhstan breeding.The purpose of the study is to analyze the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in the cherries of Kazakhstan selection.Research objectives: to collect theoretical data, apply research methods to determinethe content of polyphenols and flavonoids in the laboratory, to draw relevant conclusions.Methods. For the study of physico-chemical and chemical indicators of the total polyphenols and total flavonoids contents, following sweet cherry varieties of the Kazakhstan selection were considered: Aigerim, Lyazat and Merei. Following physico-chemical indicators were studied: solids content, total sugars and titratable acidity. It was found that among the considered sweet cherry sorts, the highest values had variety Lyazat, specifically in the chemical indicators: sugar-acid index, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content, total polyphenols and total flavonoids contents.Results. By the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents varieties Aigerim (866 μg/mL and 275 μg/mL), Lyazat(885 μg/mL and 290 μg/mL) and Merei (865 μg/mL and 255 μg/mL) are close to each other. In the considering relatively Lyazat, the Total polyphenols content, Aigerim and Merei have lowest data by 0.05% and 0.13%, respectively. Total flavonoids content of varieties values for Aigerim and Merei 0.05% and 0.22% — were also identified. In general, a review of all obtained data with the known values shows that indicators of the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents are with in the acceptable variations.

Assessment of adaptive potential of selected cherry varieties for the south of the Non-Black Earth Region

On the basis of its biological characteristics, sweet cherry belongs to warm-season crops. Introduced most recently in the more northern areas (Central Black Earth and Central regions), it is in demand by the population as a new fruit crop. In 2010, 44 forms were selected from the seedlings of the Bryanskaya Rosovaya variety (free pollination). In this work, the most adaptable, yielding, large-fruited seedlings producing a fruit having a small seed were selected for breeding and economic use. The research was carried out in the experimental plot of the orchard at the All-Russian Lupine Research Institute in Bryansk region in 2019–2021. Light grey forest soil was used; pHKCl 5.9; humus – 2.37 mg/kg, P2 O5 – 251 mg/kg of soil, K2O – 181 mg/kg of soil. The heat summation by years amounted to 2020–2460 °C. The annual precipitation amounted to 436–714 mm. Subjected to contrasting weather conditions, varieties combining a high level of economic traits in their genome and having an attractive marketable appearance were selected. The seedlings 6-2-8, 6-2-5, 6-2-3, 6-1-20 demonstrated the highest yield of 5.9–14.5 t/ha. From year to year, the variation of this trait was less than 10%. The seedlings 6-2-27 (the maximum mass of the fruit amounted to 8,1 g; the size of the seed amounted to 4.2 % of a fruit size), 6-2-8 (8.5 g; 4.8 %), 6-1-20 (8.5 g; 4.6 %), 6-1-8 (7.8 g; 4.9 %), 6-2-14 (7.9 g; 5.4 %), 6-2-22 (8.7 g; 5.5 %) represent the largest varieties, having small seeds. For these traits, the noted varieties showed a medium to high level of variability of 7–17 %. In the future, they will be used in breeding as sources of economic traits.

Agronomic characters and commodity and consumer qualities of new varieties and hybrid forms of cherries in the conditions of Dagestan

Studied were the yield, biochemical composition, tasting and consumer quality indicators of 24 hybrid forms and 12 varieties of cherry bred by the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Fruit Crops. The research was carried out using conventional methods of analysis and standard methods of cherry variety studying. Of the group of varieties of early-medium ripening, the best distinguished by a high content of soluble dry substances, sugars and vitamin C were the varieties Zhemchuzhnaya, Granatovaya, Almaznaya, Bigarro Krainskogo, Bereket, and hybrid forms 31/7; 109/1 and 180/1 in which the mass concentration of these substances ranged from 12.4-14.7 %; 10.34-12.85 % and 6.9-9.5 mg%, respectively. Among the varieties of medium ripening, the largest ability to accumulate soluble dry substances, sugars and vitamin C in fruits was shown by the varieties Bujnakskaya chernaya, Lezginka, Maral and hybrids numbered 43/2; 190/4 and 71/3 in which the content of these components of the chemical composition was 12.4-16.6 %; 10.53-12.19 % and 7.2-9.2 mg%, respectively. The best indicators of fetal weight, compared to the control variety of cherries Dagestanka (7.4 g) in the group of varieties of early-medium maturation were shown by: Zhemchuzhnaya (8.0 g); Granatovaya (8.2 g) and Bereket (8.3 g). Among the varieties of medium ripening, a more significant mass of the fruit compared to the control variety Napoleon chernaya (7.2 g) was in the varieties Maral (7.4 g) and Bujnakskaya chernaya (8.3 g). The highest overall tasting rating (4.9-5 points) was received by the fruits of the varieties Granatovaya, Bereket, Zhemchuzhnaya, Lezginka, Bujnakskaya chernaya and Maral. The same varieties had good indicators of average yield (t/ha): Granatovaya – 9.78; Bereket – 8.72; Bujnakskaya chernaya – 7.59 and Maral – 7.54. Taking into account the results of the studies carried out, it can be concluded that the varieties of cherry bred by the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Fruit Crops Granatovaya, Bereket, Buinakskaya chernaya and Maral the fruits of which have the best agronomic characters and high commodity and consumer qualities, can be submitted for state variety testing and used in breeding work.

Farklı şekillerde yapılan kalsiyum uygulamalarının 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidinde meyve kalitesine etkileri

This study was carried out to determine the effects of pre-harvest calcium applications on fruit quality and fruit cracking in "0900 Ziraat” cherry variety. For this purpose, “Codiagro Agroplant” containing 35% CaO (Calcium oxide); by foliar spraying; It has been applied to trees in different applications such as dripping from the soil and leaf + dripping from the soil and spraying. In the study, fruit weight (g), fruit width (mm), fruit length (mm), fruit height (suture) (mm), seed weight (g), amount of water-soluble dry matter (TSS; %), pH and acidity ( %) values, fruit firmness were investigated. In addition, fruit skin and flesh color and fruit stem color values were determined. The highest results were obtained in terms of fruit weight (8,91 g; 8,80 g) in the application made only with leaves and the application made with leaves and soil. Likewise, in the application of calcium made from leaves, the fruit width is 26,73 mm; fruit length was 26,61 mm, fruit height was 24,35 mm and had the highest values. The effect of calcium applications on the TSS %, pH and SSCM of the fruit was found to be statistically insignificant. The hardest fruits were obtained from foliar+soil application (5,15 N). Likewise, the least cracked fruits are in leaf+soil application (cracking index; 7,10). Calcium applications made only from leaves and leaves + soil can be recommended for higher quality fruit in cherries.

Development of elements of technology for growing branched sweet cherry seedlings

The results of two-year studies on the influence of rootstocks, physiologically active substances and mechanical techniques on biometric indicators of annual seedlings of two varieties of cherries (Tyutchevka and Chermashnaya) are presented. The research was carried out in 2020-2021 in the experimental nursery of the Federal State Budgetary Research Center of Horticulture in the conditions of the Moscow region. The scheme of the experiment included 5 options: I – removal of apical leaves; II – treatment with Apllin (0.6 g/l); III – removal of apical leaves with treatment with Apllin (0.6 g/l); IV – pinching of the tip at a height of 60 cm; st – control, without processing and pinching. The eyepieces were sprayed twice, with an interval of 10 days. It was found that treatment with the preparation Apllin, removal of the apical leaves and their combined use contributed to a significant improvement in the biometric indicators of annual cherry seedlings of weakly branching varieties, increased the number of branches by 2.7-4.6 times and provided in most combinations an increase in the yield of first-class seedlings up to 90-100%. The greatest effect from mechanical and chemical influences was achieved when using the Izmailovsky rootstock. Pinching the top at a height of 60 cm caused a decrease in the linear and radial growth of annuals, an increase in the number of lateral shoots by 1.43 times, but only 50 % of seedlings obtained in this variant corresponded to 1 commercial grade.

Global Methylation Analysis Using MSAP Reveals Differences in Chilling-Associated DNA Methylation Changes during Dormancy Release in Contrasting Sweet Cherry Varieties

Dormancy is an adaptive strategy developed by temperate perennial crops to protect overwinter tissues from unfavorable environmental conditions. Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), a member of the Rosaceae family, requires chilling to overcome dormancy. The time of harvest is directly correlated with chilling requirements in sweet cherries. Consequently, early and late season varieties have low and high chilling requirements, respectively. There is evidence that the expression of dormancy-related genes is regulated by DNA methylation. In this work, methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) was applied to study genome-wide DNA methylation changes associated with dormancy in two low-chill varieties, ‘Royal Dawn’ and ‘Glen Red’, and one high-chill variety, ‘Kordia’. Our primary results suggest that the occurrence of progressive DNA demethylation is associated with chilling accumulation during dormancy in the three varieties, independent of their chilling requirements. Genes were identified with different methylation status changes, detected by MSAP, related to cell wall remodeling and energy metabolism. Several MSAP profiles among the varieties were observed, suggesting that fine epigenetic control is required to coordinate hormonal and environmental signals that induce dormancy and its release.

COMPARISON OF THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FRUIT DRYING METHODS ON THE CONTENT OF SELECTED BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of hot air and infrared drying on the content of total polyphenols and anthocyanin dyes in selected types of small fruits. In the work we used chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa Michx.) variety Nero, elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) variety Haschberg, sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) variety Fanal, red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) variety Lake, black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) variety Triton, cherry elaeagnus (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) variety Heritage and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) variety Bluecrop. Drying was performed in a Concept S1060 hot air dryer and a Yden CI IR D5 infrared dryer. The analysis of the content of anthocyanin dyes was performed by the pH differential method, the determination of the total content of polyphenols was performed by the Folin - Ciocalteu method. By analyzing fresh fruits, we found the highest content of anthocyanin dyes in the fruits of chokeberry (3036.97 mg.100 g-1 DM) and the lowest in the fruits of cherry elaeagnus (83.86 mg.100 g-1 DM). The total polyphenol content ranged from 726.07 mg GAE.100 g-1 dry matter (cherry elaeagnus) to 7895.61 mg GAE.100 g-1 DM (chokeberry). After drying in a hot air dryer, the content of anthocyanin dyes decreased by 62.20% (in elderberry) to 72.52% (in cherry elaeagnus) and the content of total polyphenols by 45.16% (in chokeberry) to 53.34% (in red currant). After drying in an infrared dryer, the decrease in the content of anthocyanin dyes was 50.41% (in elderberry) to 71.22% (in cherry elaeagnus) and total polyphenols 41.05% (in chokeberry) to 47.89% (in sour cherry).