Cassava Varieties Research Articles

Effect of Cell Wall Neutral Sugars and Uronic Acid Compounds on Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Retting Ability

Aims: Evaluate the effect of cassava cell wall neutral sugars and uronic acids on the ability of cassava to be retted by a traditional starter (sta_96). Place and Duration of Study: Sample: collected from a farm in the Center region in Cameroon. All the analysis were performed at the Department of Microbiology of the University of Yaounde 1 in Cameroon, between June 2024 and December 2024. Methodology: height (08) different local cassava varieties 12 months aged were submitted to fermentation with Sta_96 and their retting kinetic parameters (retting rate and retting times) were assessed by penetrometry. Furthermore, their parietal compounds (neutral sugars and uronic acids) and non-parietal compounds (reducing and total sugars) were analyzed by spectrophotometry and the data obtained were submitted to correlation analysis. Results: It was observed that the roots of the VB 3, CB 1, CB 2, sweet, 6M, and CR varieties softened more easily, with fermentation rates ranging from 1.04 ± 0.88 to 1.75 ± 0.23 cm/h and retting times ranging from 42.64 ± 7.07 to 50.64 ± 0.44 h. The roots of the VB 1 and VB 4 varieties softened with greater difficulty. Negative correlations (-0.79 and -0.881 respectively for neutral sugars and uronic acids) were observed between neutral sugars, uronic acids and softening rate, suggesting that these compounds increase cassava’s retting time by decreasing it fermentation rate. This study shows that the cassava’s softening ability is linked to the neutral sugars and uronic acids content in cassava root walls. Conclusion: Taking into account the cell wall composition in the formulation of starters can lead to a standardization of the cassava roots retting time.

High-Throughput Field Screening of Cassava Brown Streak Disease Resistance for Efficient and Cost-Saving Breeding Selection

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) remains the most severe threat to cassava production in the Great Lakes region and Southern Africa. Screening for virus resistance by subjecting cassava to high virus pressure in the epidemic zone (hotspots) is a common but lengthy process because of unpredictable and erratic virus infections requiring multiple seasons for disease evaluation. This study investigated the feasibility of graft-infections to provide a highly controlled infection process that is robust and reproducible to select and eliminate susceptible cassava at the early stages and to predict the resistance of adapted and economically valuable varieties. To achieve this, a collection of cassava germplasm from the Democratic Republic of Congo and a different set of breeding trials comprising two seed nurseries and one preliminary yield trial were established. The cassava varieties OBAMA and NAROCASS 1 infected with CBSD were planted one month after establishment of the main trials in a 50 m2 plot to serve as the source of the infection and to provide scions to graft approximately 1 ha. Grafted plants were inspected for virus symptoms and additionally tested by RT-qPCR for sensitive detection of the viruses. The incidence and severity of CBSD and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) symptoms were scored at different stages of plant growth and fresh root yield determined at harvesting. The results from the field experiments proved that graft-infection with infected plants showed rapid symptom development in susceptible cassava plants allowing instant exclusion of those lines from the next breeding cycle. High heritability, with values ranging from 0.63 to 0.97, was further recorded for leaf and root symptoms, respectively. Indeed, only a few cassava progenies were selected while clones DSC260 and two species of M. glaziovii (Glaziovii20210005 and Glaziovii20210006) showed resistance to CBSD. Taken together, grafting scions from infected cassava is a highly efficient and cost-effective method to infect cassava with CBSD even under rugged field conditions. It replaces an erratic infection process with a controlled method to ensure precise screening and selection for virus resistance. The clones identified as resistant could serve as elite donors for introgression, facilitating the transfer of resistance to CBSD.

Costs and Returns Analysis of Cassava Production in Ijebu-North Local Government Area, Ogun-State, Nigeria

The study on Costs and Returns of Cassava production was carried out in Ijebu-North local government area of Ogun state in Nigeria in 2023. Given the importance of cassava in the lives of the farmers and the general public in Ijebu-North LGA, there is need to examine the current trend whether the farmers make profit or not by engaging in cassava production per hectare in the area. This gap will help to encourage farmers to cultivate cassava as a means of improving family living standards. The study described the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and determined the farm profit per hectare of the cassava farmers. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select one hundred and twenty (120) cassava farmers as respondents. The tools used for data collection were questionnaire and interview schedule. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and profitability analysis. The results showed that 75.8% of the cassava farmers are male, 79.2% of the cassava farmers are married, 50.8% are within the age bracket of 51 years and above, 99.2% of the respondents are educated i.e. they have obtained at least a First school leaving certificate, 50% have an household size of 6-10 persons per family, 65.8% of the respondents have a farming experience of 11 years and above, 47.5% of the respondents have a farm size of 4ha and above and 100% of the respondents have personal savings as their major source of capital. The Profitability analysis revealed that the total variable cost (TVC) of producing cassava per hectare was N185,500 and the total fixed cost (TFC) of producing cassava per hectare was N72,015 giving a total cost (TC) per hectare of N257,515. The total revenue generated per hectare was N368,000 with a gross margin of N182,500. The finding further revealed that a profit of N110,485 with N1.43k made on every naira invested into the business. On cassava production constraints, the farmers ranked Lack of Credit/loan facilities, Poor extension facilities and Lack of improved cassava varieties as the three top major constraints. The study recommends that youths should be encouraged to engage themselves in cassava production on a large-scale basis in the study area.

Field assessment of cassava plantlets developed from low tunnel and open field nurseries

ABSTRACT New techniques for the rapid multiplication of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) planting materials have been developed. However, information regarding their cultivation in fields is limited. A recent study was conducted to assess the vegetative and root yields of cassava varieties raised from low tunnel and open field nurseries. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, using a split–split plot layout. Cassava varieties served as the main plot factor, cutting sizes as the sub-plot factor, and planting methods as the sub-sub-plot factor, with three replications for each treatment. Results revealed that cassava varieties, cutting size, and planting methods differed significantly (p < .001) on vegetative growth and root yields. Plants raised from low tunnel had higher plant height (157.2 cm), number of main stems (2.9), number of primary (4.7) and secondary (6.8) branches compared to plants raised in open fields. ‘TARICAS4’ raised from low tunnels had the highest fresh root yields of 10.8 t/ha and dry matter content of 53% as compared to other varieties. Therefore, low tunnels should be used in mass cassava plantlet production to improve vegetative development and root yields.

Insight into the relationship between cell wall, intracellular starch structure and physicochemical properties of cassava cells from cassava varieties.

Insight into the relationship between cell wall, intracellular starch structure and physicochemical properties of cassava cells from cassava varieties.

Incidence of Natural Virus Infection on Selected Improved Genetic Varieties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Minna, Northern Nigeria

Cassava is a major staple food source for millions of people in Africa. It is one of the most cultivated root crops and it is a sustainable source of food security and family income for the poor in the developing world. Despite its economic significance, cassava yield is significantly reduced by viral diseases which can often result in 100 % yield loss in susceptible cultivars. Through a field-based randomized complete block-designed experiment, the present study screened five cassava genotypes in three replications at Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. Collected samples were scored based on disease severity scale and data were subjected to ANOVA. Research results reveal that the five genotypes (PRV A, TME 419, TMS 98/0505, TMS 98/0581, and TMS 30572) were asymptomatic throughout the growing season, suggesting that all treatments were resistant to natural virus infection. Despite all treatments being resistant to virus infection, TME 419 had a better growth and yield performance compared to other treatments. Hence, the cassava genotypes identified in this study could be used for future breeding programs as resistant varieties to virus diseases in Minna, which can enhance food security and family income. Additionally, more research is needed to better understand the effect of diseases on these selected varieties.

The resistance of some cassava lines/varieties to Sri Lanka cassava mosaic virus in Quang Binh province

Six lines or varieties of cassava, including three potential lines or varieties (HL-KM94, HL-S14, KM505-54) and three lines resistance to the Sri Lanka cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) (HN1, HN5, and HN97), were evaluated in 2022 in Quang Binh province. The aim of this study was to select cassava lines/varieties with high yield, high starch content and resistance to SLCMV disease, suitable for local conditions. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 3 replications. The research results showed that the cassava lines/varieties used in the study had an average germination time of 16.7 - 22.0 days; the average height of the plant was 277.4 - 363.4 cm, and an average growth time of 277.4 - 363.4 cm and the average growth duration was from 272 - 300 days. The average tuber weight ranged from 190 - 850 g/tuber. The skin color of the tuber was from white to light - yellow and the tuber flesh was white (except HN97 which had yellow tuber flesh). Regarding SLCMV, the study showed that 3 cassava lines including HN1, HN5, and HN97 did not show any signs of SLCMV disease at the seedling stage and after 6 months planting, the SLCMV disease appeared at a low average rate of 3.1 - 5.2%. Based on these results, two cassava lines/varieties HN1 and HL-KM94 were selected for their good growth, resistance to SLCMV, and high fresh tuber yield of 48.0 - 54.9 tons/ha. Their harvest index ranged from 64.4 - 67% and they had starch content over 28%.

The Prebiotic Index of Dried-Growol Made with Different Cassava Varieties and Cooking Methods

&lt;p&gt;Cassava is a staple food source of carbohydrates that contain high starch levels. However, low amylose starch consumption can result in increased postprandial blood sugar. Therefore, it is necessary to provide food based on cassava, such as dried-&lt;em&gt;growol&lt;/em&gt;, which gives a feeling of satiety for a long time and has a prebiotic effect. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of cassava varieties and cooking methods on the resistant starch (RS) content and the prebiotic index of dried-&lt;em&gt;growol&lt;/em&gt; produced. This research was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely cassava variety (M = &lt;em&gt;Mentega&lt;/em&gt;, L = &lt;em&gt;Lanting&lt;/em&gt;, and K = &lt;em&gt;Ketan&lt;/em&gt;) and dried-&lt;em&gt;growol&lt;/em&gt; cooking method (Au = Autoclave, ST = Steaming, and PC = Pressure cooker). Dried-&lt;em&gt;growol&lt;/em&gt; was processed through preparation, fermentation, boiling, cooling, and drying. The cassava and dried-&lt;em&gt;growol&lt;/em&gt; were analyzed for their moisture, starch, amylose, and RS content, while the prebiotic index was analyzed on dried-&lt;em&gt;growol.&lt;/em&gt; Prebiotic index testing used two cultures of lactic acid bacteria: &lt;em&gt;Lactobacillus rhamnosus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Lactobacillus plantarum&lt;/em&gt;. The results showed that RS levels were only influenced by cassava varieties. Dried-&lt;em&gt;growols&lt;/em&gt; from the &lt;em&gt;Lanting&lt;/em&gt; variety, cooked with steaming (L-ST) and with a pressure cooker (L-PC), contain high RS, ranging between 22.51 and 27.03 g 100 g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; dry matter, and have potential as prebiotic food as indicated by the increased viability of &lt;em&gt;L. rhamnosus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;L. plantarum&lt;/em&gt; bacteria grown in media with cooked dried-&lt;em&gt;growol &lt;/em&gt;supplements of L-ST or L-PC, with a prebiotic index between 0.82 and 0.90. Thus, dried-&lt;em&gt;growol&lt;/em&gt; has the potential to be a functional prebiotic food that can serve as a staple food that is beneficial for health.&lt;/p&gt;

Effective hygromycin concentration for selection of transformed embryogenic calli of cassava variety H-226

Cassava is a starchy root crop used as food, feed and for industrial purposes. Antibiotic resistance genes are used as a marker for the selection of transformed cells from non-transformed cells in genetic engineering. The optimum concentration of selective antibiotics is crucial for the effective transformation and regeneration of transformed plants. The current study aimed to determine the optimal cytotoxic concentration of hygromycin for screening both transformed and non-transformed calli. The embryogenic calli were subjected to particle bombardment using the binary vector pCAMBIA 1305.1, which included the GUS reporter gene and the hptII gene. Hygromycin was added to the callus induction and regeneration medium at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1 concentrations to identify the optimal selective concentration. Results indicated that 50 mg L-1 of hygromycin inhibited non-transformed calli and maintained the health of transformed calli. This concentration provided a sufficient amount of selective pressure with minimal cytotoxic effects, thus serving as the optimal level for distinguishing transformed cells in the cassava genetic transformation system.

Production and Assessment of The Physicochemical Properties of Pasta Using Agra Bankye Flour

Purpose: This aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of agra bankye for pasta production. The main objective was to determine the formulation ratio and physicochemical properties of agra bankye pasta. Design/Methodology/Approach: Through experimental research design, agra bankye flour was produced using oven-drying. The product was peeled, grated, arranged onto baking sheets and dried at a temperature of 80⁰С for 2 hours, then milled to produce the flour. The pasta dough was prepared using a series of experiments to develop a standard recipe using a combination of cassava flour, salt, water, and egg. Findings: Eleven proximate and mineral components in agra bankye pasta were fat, protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate, starch, energy, calcium, iron, manganese, moisture and ash, affirming the product as healthy for human consumption. Agra bankye flour has more starch and less fibre, making it stable for pasta production. Research Limitation: Only the pasta’s physicochemical properties were assessed so that the results could be used to convince consumers of the healthy intake of agra bankye pasta. Practical Implication: Agra bankye pasta is very nutritious, especially because, it has high calcium and less crude fibre. The high starch granules in agra bankye flour enable the product to be stretchy, unlike other cassava, while less moisture influences the shelf life. Since it is highly nutritious, more usage of agra bankye pasta for food production with diverse nutritional fortification should be encouraged and marketed. Social Implication: This study had immense academic benefits, bridging the knowledge gap regarding the available literature needed to support the use of agra bankye for pasta production. The study also created awareness of the different cassava varieties and the type(s) suitable for pasta production. Originality/Value: This has brought to the fore an innovation where a recipe is available for pasta production using cassava flour and not blending it with other cereals.

Storage Root Production of Cassava (&lt;em&gt;Manihot esculenta &lt;/em&gt;Crantz) as Affected by Number of Nodes per Cutting and De-budding of Axillary Buds Under Container Gardening in the Wet Zone of Sri Lanka

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the number of nodes per cutting and the de-budding of axillary buds on the growth and yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in container gardening. This study involves two sub-experiments for destructive sampling at three and six months after planting. There were ten treatments (T1-T10) according to the number of nodes (3, 5 &amp; 7 per cutting) removal of axillary buds or de-budding procedure. Each treatment with three replicates was randomly allocated into a complete randomized block design using the cassava variety Krikawadi. There was a significant variation on the growth and yield performances of cassava among different treatments. The number, length, and width of the storage roots, fresh and dry weight of storage roots, and above-ground biomass at three and six months after planting were significantly different among treatments. Despite the treatments, storage roots increased their diameter, but not the length six months after planting. At the end of the experiment, the fresh and dry weight of storage roots, root weight ratio, and root to shoot ratio were greater in T7 which was 7-nodded cuttings without the de-budding procedure. Therefore, it is concluded that 7-nodded cuttings without performing de-budding procedures could produce optimum yield of storage roots under container gardening in the Wet Zone of Sri Lanka.

The functional properties of four cassava varieties as affected by fermentation time

Freshly harvested cassava varieties (NR 8082, TMS 419, TMS 4(2) and TMS 30572) were each divided into 5 portions, peeled, washed, soaked and fermented for different times (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours) in water. The water was regularly changed at 6-hour intervals. Both the fermented and unfermented (fermented for zero hours) tubers were mashed, bagged, de-watered (with a hydraulic press), oven-dried, milled, sieved and packaged. The zero-fermented or unfermented cassava flour represented high-quality cassava flour (HQCF). The flours obtained (HQCF and fermented odourless cassava flours) from the four cassava varieties were used to study the effect of fermentation time on quality characteristics of odourless flours from four cassava varieties comparatively. Most of the measured quality characteristics of cassava flour were affected by varietal differences. The results showed that fermentation, irrespective of cassava variety, influenced progressive increases in foaming capacity (3.76 - 4.19%), water absorption capacity (1.27-1.53g/g), oil absorption capacity (2.99~3.23g/g), emulsion capacity (40.65-46.68%), The longer the period of fermentation, the higher the level of increases for the above-stated quality parameters. However, beyond 48 hours of fermentation, the quality parameters started decreasing with an increase in fermentation time. And there were decreases in bulk density (0.74-0.72g/cm3), swelling index (1.18-1.07%), gelation temperature (71.33-68.67°C), viscosity (0.182-0.176Pa.s), wettability (11.59-7.49s) and photometric colour index (7.71-5.84) as time of fermentation increase from 0-96 hours. Therefore, cassava tubers should be fermented for 48 hours to obtain cassava flours with good functional properties.

An investigation into the morphological and anatomical characteristics of three cassava (\( Manihot \,\, esculenta\)) varieties collected from the Northern provinces of Vietnam

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a crucial crop that sustains millions of people across tropical and subtropical regions, providing an essential source of carbohydrates and contributing significantly to food security. Morphologically, varieties KM94, 08SA06, and Ruột vàng exhibit distinct traits such as plant form, leaf structure, tuber shape, and starch content, which underline their adaptability and potential for high yield under diverse growing conditions. Anatomically, the stems of these varieties demonstrate unique structural features, including tightly packed epidermal cells with thick cuticle layers, varying layers of collenchyma and parenchyma, robust sclerenchyma rings, and well-organized vascular bundles. These features ensure efficient nutrient and water transport, structural integrity, and resilience against environmental stresses, essential for the growth and development of these cassava varieties. By highlighting these morphological and anatomical traits, this study emphasizes the importance of such detailed analyses for improving cassava cultivation practices.

A Comparative Study on Characteristics and Properties of Food Packaging Film from Cassava Starches of Different Varieties Grown in Ethiopia

The present study investigates cassava starches from different Ethiopian varieties for the development of biodegradable food-packaging films. Cassava is a vital food crop in Ethiopia and is, therefore, regarded as a very friendly and renewable raw material for replacing synthetic plastic packaging due to its high starch content. This research work aimed at investigating, comparing the physicochemical, mechanical, and barrier properties of films developed from two different cassava varieties, namely Kello and Qulle. The methodology followed the isolation of starches from cassava root, the evaluation of their characteristics, as well as the pasting behavior. Edible films were prepared by using a casting technique and their mechanical properties included tensile strength and elongation at break, and barrier properties such as water vapor transmission and solubility were determined. From the test results, it can be obtained that Kello variety absorbed more water and had greater swelling power; therefore, it performed better in terms of flexibility. On the other hand, Qulle has a greater tensile strength and less solubility; hence, it will be suitable for dry food packaging. Again, both varieties fulfill minimum mechanical and barrier requirements for the different applications of packaging. Further research is suggested to refine production processes and broaden their applications in the food industry.

Advances in the use of Genome Editing Tools in Africa: A Review

Africa is grappling with various challenges, particularly in agricultural production and disease prevention affecting humans, animals, and crops. Gene editing, or genome editing (GE), involves modifying, adding, or removing nearly any DNA sequence in various cells and organisms. Due to new techniques, GE is now quicker, less expensive, and more effective. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is based on RNA and has been more effectively tweaked than protein-based methods, enabling multi-site manipulation. The Type II CRISPR system protects DNA from plasmids and viruses that invade it through RNA-guided DNA cleavage by Cas proteins. Several diseases are currently being treated with CRISPR-based GE technology. The raising of livestock is vital to modern society, and it is directly impacted by disease resistance. Here, we provided a comprehensive review of how these GE tools have enhanced resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses, leading to increased yields. We elaborated on how GE has also facilitated the development of disease-resistant varieties of bananas, cassava, and maize, effectively addressing plant diseases like cassava mosaic and brown streak by targeting specific genes. We further emphasized the application of GE in animal breeding, exploring the successful creation of disease-resistant livestock and developing vaccines against diseases. Our findings explored the applications of GE in tackling human health challenges, including artemisinin resistance and hepatitis B treatment. Our summary highlighted limited adoption of GE technologies only in a few African countries such as Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Egypt, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Rwanda. We further reported the persistence of societal issues despite its advancement, including religious beliefs and concerns about the implications of GE in homes, leading to fear and discrimination against its use. We finally reported the efforts of scientists in advocating for policies and consensus on implementing GE in Africa to address these challenges.

The Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators and Nutrient Solutions on Leaf Bud Propagation in Different Cassava Varieties

Cassava mosaic virus is a growing threat to cassava cultivation, and the rapid propagation of disease-free cassava stems offers an alternative approach to producing planting material. This study investigated the effects of different plant growth regulators and nutrient media on leaf bud propagation among different cassava varieties. A 3 x 4 factorial with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. Three cassava varieties, Kasetsart 50 (KU50), Rayong 9 (RY9), and Huay Bong 60 (HB60) were assigned as factor A, and four different media, i.e., control treatment (distilled water), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 500 mg/L, Semi-Autotrophic Hydroponic (SAH) nutrient solution, and IBA+SAH, were assigned as factor B. Data were recorded for growth and survival traits at 30 days. The results showed that the RY9 variety exhibited superior growth parameters, whereas the KU50 and HB60 varieties showed a higher survival rate. Applying IBA, alone or with SAH, negatively affected cassava plantlet growth and survival rate. On the other hand, applying SAH alone yielded results comparable to the control treatment, significantly differing from the IBA and IBA+SAH treatments. This study also noted that IBA applications enhanced root traits in the RY9 variety but not in other varieties. The HB60 variety outperformed the survival rates and dry shoot weights of RY9 and KU50 under SAH treatment. This finding can be used to select an effective method for leaf bud multiplication in response to the demand for disease-free cassava planting materials.

Cultivation and Processing of Cimanggu Cassava Harvest Waste at SMK Negeri I Borong, East Manggarai Regency

Cassava is one of the agricultural crops that has been widely cultivated in the East Nusa Tenggara region. The cimanggu variety is a cassava variety that is quite tolerant to drought and can produce 80 tons/ha. Additionally, the cimanggu variety is one of the most suitable cassavas for mocaf production. The East Manggarai Regency area is one of the fertile regions in NTT suitable for cassava cultivation, especially Cimanggu cassava. This research aims to understand the cultivation techniques of Cimanggu cassava in the Borong area and the role of SMK Negeri I Borong as a region for planting Cimanggu cassava. In addition, to understand the waste processing techniques generated during the harvesting process of Cimanggu cassava. The data collection method used a qualitative approach with data collection through field observation techniques. The research results show that the cultivation of cimanggu cassava plants carried out by students of SMKN 1 Borong includes land preparation (soil loosening), preparation of cimanggu cassava seeds, planting methods, planting distance, fertilization, weeding, and harvesting. The waste from the harvest of cimanggu cassava, in the form of cassava leaves and cassava peels, is processed into fermented livestock feed for animals.

Phenotypic Variation in a Panel of 149 varieties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): A Pre-Breeding Investigation in Togo

Phenotypic Variation in a Panel of 149 varieties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): A Pre-Breeding Investigation in Togo

Validation of KASP Markers Associated with Hydrogen Cyanide in Fresh Cassava Roots in Uganda Cassava Germplasm

Low hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration is a high-priority trait for cassava varieties targeting their fresh and dry product profiles. To be acceptable, varieties bred and developed for these market segments must meet international safety standards for maximum acceptable residual levels of cyanide in cassava food and food products. The discovery of molecular markers that co-segregate with low HCN has not yet resulted in widespread usage in marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs. To deploy these HCN markers in regular MAS, assessing their reliability in various genetic backgrounds is crucial. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive accuracy of trait specific markers for HCN. The study used six HCN kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers that had previously been developed in a Brazilian population and verified in segregating West African cassava populations. For most markers used in the study, the average call rate was more than 91.7%. Three markers—snpME00404, snpME00405 and snpME00406—showed a significant co-segregation of genotypes with the HCN phenotype. On average, genotypes that carried at least one copy of the favourable allele had lower HCN scores. The proportion of phenotypic variance accounted for by the three most important markers was 14% (snpME00406), 17% (snpME00405) and 27% (snpME00404). The validation of identified HCN SNP-markers marks a significant step in their deployment to support selection and advancement decisions in cassava breeding programs.

Genome-wide association studies unveils the genetic basis of cell wall composition and saccharification of cassava pulp

Genome-wide association studies unveils the genetic basis of cell wall composition and saccharification of cassava pulp