It has become established to use Duchesne's names for most strawberry species. These names are binomials published by the then 19-year old Duchesne in his Histoire naturelle des Fraisiers (Paris, 1766). Unfortunately, young Duchesne in his book was at great pains to explain that all strawberries belonged to one and the same and he coined his binomials to refer to what he called constant races. He at the same time was a strong believer in the constancy of species and the discoverer of the celebrated mutation 'Fragaria monophylla'. To escape a dilemma, he believed that within each immutable species constant races might have appeared and might be appearing, and he provided a phylogenetic table of those in the single strawberry species. Races differed from varieties in being constant, even though, like varieties, they probably resulted from environmental influences. Some relevant quotations from his book include (in translation): (p. 21) is certain that although species are stable, there are also races constant in their differences, although within the same species, (p. 47) having described their it is proper to speak of the various races that are distinguished within it, (p. 48) I know ten main races, to which several varieties must be referred. Here is their list: Fragaria semperflorens, F. silvestris, F. hortensis, F. aflagellis, F. monophylla, F. viridis, F. moschata, F. chiloensis, F. ananassa, F. virginiana. In a later paper (Encycl. meth. Bot. 2: 527. 1786), Duchesne contemplated the possibility that his strawberry races comprised two rather than a single but he never offered the binomials now in use as species names. Art. 24.4 states use of a binary combination for an infraspecific taxon is not admissible. The correct name for F. race chiloensis (L.) Duch. as a species appears to be F. chiloensis P. Miller (Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768). However, because both F. vesca [var.] /3 chiloensis L. (Sp. PI.: 495. 1753) and F. chiloensis are based on the same type (Dillenius), it may be cited as F. chiloensis (L.) P. Miller. The correct name for F. race virginiana Duch. as a species appears to be F. virginiana P. Miller (Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768). The correct name for F. race moschata Duch. as a species appears to be F. moschata Weston (Bot. univ. 2: 327. 1771). An earlier name, F. muricata P. Miller (Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768) is a later homonym of F. muricata L. (Sp. PI.: 495. 1753). The correct name for F. race viridis Duch. as a species appears to be F. viridis Weston (Bot. univ. 2: 327. 1771). The correct name for F. race ananassa Duch. as a species (hybrid) seems to be F. x magna Thuillier (Fl. env. Paris, ed. 2: 254. 1800), a matter that awaits checking Thuillier's type, if any. An earlier name, F. grandiflora Ehrh. (Beitr. Naturk. 7: 25. 1792) is a later homonym of F. grandiflora (L.) Crantz (Inst. Rei herb. 2: 179. 1766), independently republished by Lamarck (Fl. franc. 3: 112. 1778). At the varietal level the epithet ananassa was published by Weston (Bot. univ. 2: 329. 1771) as F. chiloensis var. ananassa.