Rhythmic Variations Research Articles

AFE-GAN: Synthesizing Electrocardiograms with Atrial Fibrillation Characteristics Using Generative Adversarial Networks.

Labeled ECG data in diseased state are, however, relatively scarce due to various concerns including patient privacy and low prevalence. We propose the first study in its kind that synthesizes atrial fibrillation (AF)-like ECG signals from normal ECG signals using the AFE-GAN, a generative adversarial network. Our AFE-GAN adjusts both beat morphology and rhythm variability when generating the atrial fibrillation-like ECG signals. Two publicly available arrhythmia detectors classified 72.4% and 77.2% of our generated signals as AF in a four-class (normal, AF, other abnormal, noisy) classification. This work shows the feasibility to synthesize abnormal ECG signals from normal ECG signals.Clinical significance - The AF ECG signal generated with our AFE-GAN has the potential to be used as training materials for health practitioners or be used as class-balance supplements for training automatic AF detectors.

Маркери психоемоційного стресу у жінок київського регіону в період російсько-української війни

War-related stress (WSR) leads to disruption of vital physiological functions, which can accelerate the development of age-related pathology and early mortality. Therefore, the study of the impact of SPV on the functioning of various body systems requires an in-depth analysis. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of psycho-emotional stress, anxiety, and depression and to investigate their influence on indicators of endothelial function, lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, autonomic nervous regulation of the cardiovascular system) in women of the Kyiv region during the Russian-Ukrainian war. 56 women aged 30-78 were examined (average age - 53.45 ± 1.6 years), who had been in the Kyiv region without permission since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war (February 24, 2022). The control group consisted of 79 women aged 29-85 years, (average age - 56.46 ± 1.44 years), who were examined before the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2018-2021. Anthropometric parameters, fasting plasma glucose level and standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum lipid concentration, plasma cortisol level were determined. The function of the endothelium of microvessels was studied by the method of laser Doppler flowmetry in a sample with reactive post-occlusion hyperemia, the state of autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system by the method of heart rhythm variability analysis. Psychoemotional state using the PLC-5 scale, Beck depression scale, Spielberger-Hanin test, the state of cognitive function was studied using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) A statistically significant increase in the level of cortisol, as an important marker of WSR, was revealed, compared to the control group. Excessive psycho-emotional stress of the body during the war is also evidenced by the predominance of the sympathetic link of autonomous nervous regulation in women. The development of endothelial dysfunction and the negative impact of WSR on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were confirmed, which was combined with a decrease in mental performance indicators, an increase in the levels of personal and situational anxiety, and depression. An increase in the level of cortisol and the activity of the sympathetic link of the autonomic nervous system indicates the presence of chronic psychoemotional stress, which increases the levels of anxiety and depression, reduces the mental performance of women in war conditions and leads to the development of endothelial dysfunction, disorders of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

MSA Speech Rhythm Pattern in a Multilingual Setting

This study examines variation in rhythm metrics in a multilingual setting by focusing on between-speaker differences. The investigation analyzes speech rhythm patterns of segmental durations in the speech of 77 Algerian speakers belonging to three educational background classes and three age groups. The experiment focuses on speech rhythm variability according to the level of educational background of the speakers and the language used in daily life. The gender and age of speakers are also analyzed. Results show that five vocalic rhythm metrics reflect the contrast between long and short vowels that was observed from the acoustic measurements. The statistical analysis reveals that rhythm metrics are sensitive to differences between groups of speakers, such as age and educational background. The outcomes also show that the lack of practice of Modern Standard Arabic by some speaker groups considerably affects vowel quantity.

The Representation of East Asian Music in Silent Film Accompaniment Scores

The Representation of East Asian Music in Silent Film Accompaniment Scores

Contactless Sensing-Aided Respiration Signal Acquisition Using Improved Empirical Wavelet Transform for Rhythm Detection.

Respiration is one of the most important vital signs indicating physical condition, while the signal detection is challenging due to the complex rhythm and effort in practical scenarios. In this paper, we propose a contactless sensing-aided respiration signal acquisition technique, which can adaptively extract the desired signal under time-varying respiration rhythms within a wide range. To be specific, respiration is perceived by piezoelectric ceramics sensors along with ballistocardiography and other interference in a contactless manner, and the proposed improved empirical wavelet transform (IEWT) performs spectrum division and recognition based on upper envelop and principal component criteria, respectively, to adaptively extract the respiration spectrum for signal reconstruction. For validations, we extracted respiration signals from 8 healthy individuals in lab breathing at specified rhythms from 0.2 Hz to 0.6 Hz as well as 38 in-patients suffering from sleep-disordered-breathing with reference of polysomnogram in practical clinic scenario. The results showed that the detected respiration rhythms perfectly fitted the ones in experimental lab dataset with a correlation coefficient of 0.98, which validated the effectiveness of the respiration spectrum extraction of the proposed IEWT method. Besides, in practical clinical dataset, the proposed IEWT method could yield mean absolute and relative errors of respiration intervals of 0.4 and 0.05 seconds, respectively, achieving significant improvement in comparison with conventional ones. Meanwhile, the performance of IEWT was robust to rhythm variation, individual difference and breathing cycle detection techniques, which demonstrated the feasibility and superiority of the proposed IEWT method for practical respiration monitoring.

Electrocardiographic patterns of autonomic dysfunction in the diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a serious threat to the health of people worldwide. Despite active detection and stringent measures to control and treat diabetes, the condition leads to a variety of complications, including autonomic neuropathy, resulting in autonomic cardiac denervation associated with an increased risk of painless myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death. However, digital verification by finding electrocardiographic (ECG) patterns of autonomic dysfunction is possible.
 The available literature on ECG patterns of myocardial electrical instability, which reflect autonomous myocardial dysfunction, was summarized. A literature review of scientific papers on ECG diagnosis of autonomic myocardial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus over the past 5 years was performed using PubMed and eLIBRARY data.
 Among different ECG patterns that reflect autonomic dysfunction, the most common is the investigation of heart rhythm variability, which is based on the mathematical analysis of respiration rate intervals. The simplest variables are used to obtain a series of statistical indicators such as SDANN, RMSSD, NN50, and pNN50. A new and understudied ECG pattern of autonomic dysfunction is heart rate turbulence (HRT), which is a short-term rhythm change that develops in response to a ventricular extrasystole. The extrasystole is followed by a short episode of sinus tachycardia lasting several cardiac cycles, which is followed by a longer episode of bradycardia. These heart rate fluctuations are based on baroreflex compensation of intracardiac hemodynamic changes. Two parameters are estimated to characterize the HRT: turbulence onset and turbulence slope. A specific marker of autonomic dysfunction is the rate of cardiac rhythm recovery after controlled exercise. A recovery rate of 12 beats per first minute was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, whereas a reduction in recovery rate of 40 beats per 2 min was found to be a strong independent risk factor for all-cause mortality.
 An imbalance in the tone of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems underlies all the described indicators. Therefore, a risk-stratifying significance of autonomic dysfunction markers in a wide range of pathologies, including peptic ulcer disease, gallstone disease, hypertension, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, thyreopathies, and anemias apart from type 2 diabetes mellitus, exists. This explains the high sensitivity of tests, while having a low positive predictive value and specificity. The ease of performing tests dictates the need for further study of the features of autonomic dysfunction markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, since these markers are associated with a high risk of painless myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death.
 Currently, several ECG patterns (heart rate variability, HRT, and heart rate recovery rate) reflect autonomous myocardial dysfunction. The patterns enable early detection of autonomous neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which will allow timely diagnosis and adequate therapy. However, further study is required due to their low specificity to identify the peculiarities in specific nosological forms.

981-P: Transition from Standard Time to Daylight Saving Time and Vice Versa—Effects on FGM Metrics in Patients with Autoimmune Diabetes

Circadian rhythm variations, including transition from standard time (ST) to daylight saving time (DST), are associated with measurable effects on health. It is not known whether the transition from ST to DST and vice versa could affect glucose control in patients with autoimmune diabetes on intensive insulin treatment. This was a single center observational study. All FGM users sharing their glucose readings on the LibreView platform were evaluated for eligibility. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was administered to all patients on the day before and one week after the transition to DST. In addition, FGM metrics from two weeks before and two weeks after DST transition were acquired. Seven months later, the same evaluation was performed for the transition from DST to ST. Thirty-six patients with autoimmune diabetes were included for transition from ST to DST; sixty-five patients for transition from DST to ST. After DST transition, 16 patients reported worsening of PSQI, along with significant increase of GMI, mean glucose and TAR level 1, and reduction of TIR and CV. Conversely, FGM metrics were unchanged in the 20 patients who reported no variation or amelioration of PSQI. On the contrary, after returning to ST, no variation in FGM metrics was recorded neither for the 16 patients who reported worsening of PSQI, nor for the 49 patients with no variation or amelioration of PSQI. Consistently, after transition to DST, at linear regression analyses PSQI variation was found to be significantly related with variation of mean glucose, GMI, TIR, TAR level 2 and TBR level 1. On the other hand, after returning to ST, no relation between variations of PSQI and FGM metrics was detected. These results were confirmed for 22 patients whose data were collected for both transitions. In conclusion, transition from ST to DST, but not vice versa, is associated with glucose control derangement and could require a more intensive diabetes management. Disclosure L.Di gioia: None. S.Di molfetta: Consultant; Roche Diabetes Care, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Lilly Diabetes, Movi SpA. F.Giordano: None. M.Caporusso: None. G.Sorice: None. A.Cignarelli: Speaker's Bureau; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. A.Natalicchio: Other Relationship; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lilly. L.Laviola: Advisory Panel; A. Menarini Diagnostics, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Other Relationship; Medtronic, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott, Terumo Corporation. F.Giorgino: Advisory Panel; Boehringer-Ingelheim, Amarin Corporation, Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Bayer Inc., Novo Nordisk, Consultant; Novo Nordisk, Lilly, Research Support; Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care, AlfaSigma, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lilly, Sanofi, Medscape.

#3897 STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HEART IN ELDERLY AND OLD PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Abstract Background and Aims The study of cardiorenal relationships is an important area in medicine. The presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in elderly and old patients requires a special integrated approach in diagnosis and treatment, taking into account the principles of patient orientation. The aim was to study of structural and functional characteristics of the heart in elderly and old patients with CKD and AF. Method 224 female and 215 male patients of elderly and old age (mean age 72.4±6.8 years) with AF were examined. Among elderly and old patients, the following types of AF were diagnosed: a permanent form was observed in 136 (30.9%), a persistent form - in 117 (26.7%), a long-term persistent form - in 98 (22.3%), a paroxysmal form - in 88 (20.1%). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined using the CKD-EPI equation. All patients underwent electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (EchoCG), and some patients underwent ECG monitoring by Holter with assessment of rhythm variability. Results CKD with GFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 was diagnosed in 274 (62.4%) patients with AF: stage 3a – in 184 (67.2%), stage 3b – in 82 (29.9%), 4 stage - in 8 (2.9%) patients with CKD. When analyzing the structural and functional parameters of the heart, more than half of elderly and old patients with CKD had concentric left ventricular hypertrophy - 146 (53.3%), 65 (23.7%) patients had eccentric hypertrophy. The types of remodeling in elderly and old patients did not differ depending on the presence of CKD (p>0.05). The ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle in elderly and old patients did not differ depending on the presence of CKD (p = 0.5). Preserved left ventricular EF had 194 (70%) intermediate - 60 (21.7%), low - 23 (8.3%) elderly and old patients with CKD. In patients with AF and CKD, compared with patients without CKD, mitral regurgitation (p = 0.006) and aortic regurgitation (p = 0.02) were more frequently observed. Left atrial (LA) diameter, exceeding the norm, was observed in most patients regardless of the presence of CKD: in 191 (69.7%) patients with CKD and 118 (71.5%) without CKD (χ2 = 0.03, p = 0.86). Moderate and pronounced increase in LA diameter was observed in 111 (40.1%) patients with CKD and 63 (38.1%) without CKD (χ2 = 0.17, р = 0.67). When analyzing the LA index, an increase in size was observed significantly more often in patients with CKD than in patients without CKD: 79 (28.8%) and 25 (15.2%), respectively, χ2 = 10.75, p = 0.001. Enlargement of the right ventricle was detected in 94 (34.3%) patients with CKD and 53 (32.1%) without CKD (χ2 = 0.18, p = 0.67), right atrium – 35 (12.8%) patients with CKD and 19 (11.5%) without CKD (χ2 = 0.15, p = 0.7). Attention is drawn to the differences in the spectral analysis of the heart rate in elderly and old patients with CKD compared with patients without CKD: a higher index of centralization (0.55 (0.33-0.86) and 0.36 (0.25-0.48), respectively, p = 0.03) and a lower index of vagosympathetic interaction (1.48 (0.85- 2.32) and 3.16 (2.12- 4.59), p = 0.004). Conclusion When analyzing the structural and functional parameters of the heart in elderly and old patients with AF and CKD, there was an increase in the LА index, more frequent presence of mitral and aortic regurgitation compared to patients without CKD. Elderly and old patients with CKD had a lower index of vagosympathetic interaction compared to patients without CKD.

Characteristics of 24-hour movement behaviours and their associations with mental health in children and adolescents

BackgroundTime-use estimates are typically used to describe 24-hour movement behaviours. However, these behaviours can additionally be characterised by other easily measured metrics. These include sleep quality (e.g., sleep efficiency), 24-hour rest-activity rhythmicity (e.g., between-day rhythm variability), and directly measured acceleration metrics (e.g., intensity gradient). Associations between these characteristics and youth mental health are unclear. This study aimed to [1] compare 24-hour movement behaviour characteristics by sex and age groups, [2] determine which movement behaviour characteristics were most strongly associated with mental health outcomes, and [3] investigate the optimal time-use behaviour compositions for different mental health outcomes.MethodsThree-hundred-and-one children and adolescents (age 9–13 y; 60% girls) wore accelerometers for 24-hours/day over 7-days. Overall mental health, externalising, and internalising problems were self-reported using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. 24-hour movement behaviour characteristics were categorised as time-use estimates, sleep quality, 24-hour activity rhythmicity, and directly measured acceleration. Linear mixed models and compositional data analysis were used to analyse the data in alignment with the study aims.ResultsTime-use estimates, directly measured accelerations, and 24-hour rest-activity rhythm metrics indicated that children were significantly more physically active (p = .01-<0.001) than adolescents. Children were also less sedentary (p < .01), slept longer (p = .02-0.01), and had lower sleep efficiency. Boys were significantly more active than girls (p < .001) who in turn accrued more time in sleep (p = .02). The timing of peak activity was significantly later among adolescents (p = .047). Overall mental health and externalising problems were significantly associated with sleep, sedentary time, sleep efficiency, amplitude, and inter-daily stability (p = .04-0.01). The optimal time-use compositions were specific to overall mental health and externalising problems and were characterised by more sleep, light and vigorous physical activity, and less sedentary time and moderate physical activity than the sample’s mean time-use composition.ConclusionsExtracting and examining multiple movement behaviour characteristics from 24-hour accelerometer data can provide a more rounded picture of the interplay between different elements of movement behaviours and their relationships with mental health than single characteristics alone, such as time-use estimates. Applying multiple movement behaviour characteristics to the translation of research findings may enhance the impact of the data for research users.

Integrated actigraphy‐based biomarker for Alzheimer’s dementia progression

AbstractBackgroundActigraphy derived measures including amplitude, regularity, and variability of daily rhythm, have been shown to predict incident Alzheimer’s dementia. Here we developed an integrated actigraphy biomarker (IAB) for Alzheimer’ risk and investigated whether the IAB predicted the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’ dementia.MethodWe studied 1195 participants (age 80.8±7.2yrs [SD]) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project who had finished baseline actigraphy assessment (∼10 days), were free from Alzheimer’s dementia at actigraphy baseline and had been followed for up to 15 years with annual cognitive assessment and clinical diagnoses. Ten sleep/circadian related features were derived from baseline actigraphy recordings and were fed into a random forest survival model for prediction of time and incident Alzheimer’s dementia. IAB was derived from the model as the relative risk. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the performance of IAB in predicting incident Alzheimer’s dementia (all 1195 participants) or MCI (858 without MCI at baseline) and predicting the conversion from MCI to Alzheimer’s dementia. Demographic variables including age, sex, and education were controlled in all Cox and logistic regression models.ResultTotal 287 participants developed Alzheimer’s dementia during the follow‐up. The derived IAB was 0.6 SD larger in the participants developed Alzheimer’s dementia as compared with the controls. Larger IAB was associated with increased risk of AD with a hazard ratio (HR) = 1.63 (95% CI = 1.46‐1.81, P&lt;0.0001) for 1‐SD increase in IAB. IAB did not predict incident MCI (P = 0.8). Within participants with MCI (337 at baseline and 308 developed), larger IAB was associated with a higher risk for AD, i.e., HR = 1.34 for 1 SD increase (95% CI = 1.18‐1.51, P&lt;0.0001). The logistic model using the cutoff of 3 years for the MCI‐Alzheimer’s dementia conversion gives the odd ratio = 1.56 for 1 SD increase of IAB, and results in AUC = 0.68, with a sensitivity = 0.68 and specificity = 0.61.ConclusionDerived actigraphy biomarker was predictive of Alzheimer’s risk at preclinical stages, and the conversion from MCI. Actigraphy provides useful information for early prediction and detection of AD thought its performance needs to be improved.

Variation in Scapulohumeral Rhythm on Dynamic Radiography in Pathologic Shoulders: A Novel Diagnostic Tool.

Alterations in scapulohumeral joint kinematics occur in various shoulder pathologies. Conventional imaging provides a static assessment of soft tissue and morphologic changes. Quantifying the scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR), using Dynamic Digital Radiography (DDR) can offer clinicians a greater understanding of the pattern and extent of motion impairment as well as reliably monitor changes throughout the treatment course. The purpose of this study was to analyze the SHR of patients diagnosed with small (SRCT) and massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT), adhesive capsulitis (AC), and glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GH-OA) and compare their measurements to those of patient controls with healthy shoulders using DDR. The sequences of pulsed radiographs collated in DDR to create a moving image were prospectively analyzed during humeral abduction in normal controls and in 4 distinct shoulder pathology groups: SRCT, MRCT, AC, and GH-OA. GH and ST joint angles were measured at 0-30°, 30-60°, 60-90°, and maximal coronal plane humeral abduction. SHR was defined as the ratio of the change in humeral abduction over the change in scapula upward rotation during humeral abduction and was calculated within the above angle intervals. 121 shoulders were analyzed. 40 normal controls were compared to 13 SRCT, 29 MRCT, 16 AC, and 23 GH-OA. SHR during humeral abduction differed significantly in patients with MRCT (1.91 ± 0.72), AC (1.55 ± 0.37) and GH-OA (2.31 ± 1.01) compared to controls (3.39 ± 0.79). When analyzed across 30o intervals of abduction, there was a significantly lower SHR found at 0-30°, 30-60° and 60-90° in MRCT, AC, and GH-OA across each motion range compared to controls. Control patients had an arc of abduction of 103° ± 32° which was significantly larger than all other pathologies (MRCT: 76° ± 23°, SRCT: 81° ± 21°, AC: 65° ± 27°, GH-OA: 71° ± 35°) and an average scapular abduction of 33° ± 14°, which was significantly less than patients with a MRCT (46° ± 10°) and AC (65° ± 27°). SHR remained significantly lower throughout shoulder abduction in MRCT (43.65%), AC (-54.29%), and GH-OA (32.01%) compared to controls. When isolating for humeral and scapular motion, all 4 pathologies had decreased GH abduction, while AC and MRCT had an increased scapular compensatory motion compared to controls. Quantifying kinematic patterns like SHR using DDR can be implemented as a novel, safe, and cost-effective method to diagnose shoulder pathology and to monitor response to treatment.

0084 Napping in the morning is associated with risk of Alzheimer’s Dementia in older adults

Abstract Introduction Recent evidence suggests that older adults with more frequent and longer daytime naps have an increased risk of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). We aim to further elucidate whether the timing of daytime napping impacts AD risk. Methods Data were from 1,203 participants in the Rush Memory and Aging Project (mean age at actigraphy=80.85±7.30; 77% female). Each participant wore an accelerometer (Actical) for up to 14 (mean 9.57±1.17) days and have been followed for up to 17 (mean 6.92±4.12) years with annual clinical assessment to determine AD status. We used a validated algorithm to identify daytime nap episodes between 9am-7pm and determined the timing of naps based on the midpoint of each nap. We computed the proportion of naps within each 2-h window for each participant, i.e., morning (9-11am), noon (11am-1pm), early afternoon (1-3pm), late afternoon (3-5pm), and early evening (5-7pm). Cox proportional hazards models were performed to examine the associations of napping timing with risk of AD, with adjustment for age, sex, education years, and nighttime sleep duration. Results Among all participants, 357 (30%) developed AD during the follow-up (mean time to AD: 6.34±3.98 years). Taking all naps in the morning, compared to taking all naps at other times, is associated with a 1.9-fold increased AD risk (HR [95%CI]=1.93[1.002-3.58], p=0.04). This association was only observed in women (HR=2.22[1.08-4.38], p=0.03) but not in men (HR=1.01[0.18-4.38], p=0.99). Moreover, the association between naps in the morning and AD risk was attenuated when additionally adjusted for total nap duration and frequency, BMI, and intradaily variability in rhythms (HR=1.71[0.85-3.43], p=0.13). The proportions of naps during other times of the day were not associated with AD risk (noon: HR=1.02[0.44-2.23]; early afternoon: HR=1.28[0.72-2.22]; late afternoon: HR=0.62[0.33-1.15]; early evening: HR=0.62[0.30-1.25]; ps&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion More naps in the morning were associated with an elevated risk of developing AD in older adults. A higher propensity of napping in the morning may be an indicator of disturbances in sleep-wake regulation. Future studies are warranted to test whether interventions to consolidate nap timing or limit napping in the morning can improve neurocognitive outcomes. Support (if any) Alzheimer’s Association (AARFD-22-928372), NIA (R01AG17917), NIH (RF1AG064312), BrightFocus Foundation (A2020886S).

Physiological responses of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under rhythmic light variations.

Cyanobacteria are challenged by daily fluctuations of light intensities and photoperiod in their natural habitats, which affect the physiology and fitness of cyanobacteria. Circadian rhythms (CRs), an important endogenous process found in all organisms including cyanobacteria, control their physiological activities and helps in coping with 24-h light/dark (LD) cycle. In cyanobacteria, physiological responses under rhythmic ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are poorly studied. Therefore, we studied the changes in photosynthetic pigments, and physiological parameters of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under UVR and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of light/dark (LD) oscillations having the combinations of 0, 4:20, 8:16, 12:12, 16:8, 20:4, and 24:24h. The LD 16:8 enhanced the growth, pigments, proteins, photosynthetic efficiency, and physiology of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Continuous light (LL 24) of UVR and PAR exerted negative impact on the photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulted in loss of plasma membrane integrity followed by decreased viability of cells. The dark phase played a significant role in Synechocystisto withstand theLL 24 under PAR and UVR. This study offers detailed understanding of the physiological responses of the cyanobacterium to changing light environment.

Pelatihan Seni bagi Kelompok Gejog Lesung Surontoko untuk Mendukung Program Rintisan Desa Budaya Kalurahan Argomulyo Yogyakarta

This service activity aims to improve the competence of the Gejog Lesung Surontoko group through art training to support the Argomulyo Village cultural village pilot program. The method of implementing the service activity uses discussions, demonstrations, imitations, and drills. Data of this activity are collected using observation, interviews, and focus group discussion and are analyzed interactively. The results of this service activity show that members of the Gejog Lesung Surontokan art group have skills and insight in arranging songs in the form of rhythmic variations and voice harmonization by singers. In addition, a video work has been produced which can be used as a portfolio for managing cultural master numbers.

Kullback-Leibler Divergence of Sleep-Wake Patterns Related with Depressive Severity in Patients with Epilepsy.

(1) Objective: Whether abnormal sleep-wake rhythms were associated with depressive symptoms in patents with epilepsy had remained unclear. Our study aimed to establish relative entropy for the assessment of sleep-wake patterns and to explore the relationship between this index and the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy. (2) Methods: We recorded long-term scalp electroencephalograms (EEGs) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) questionnaire scores from 64 patients with epilepsy. Patients with HAMD-17 scores of 0-7 points were defined as the non-depressive group, while patients with scores of 8 or higher were defined as the depression group. Sleep stages were firstly classified based on EEG data. We then quantified sleep-wake rhythm variations in brain activity using the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) of daytime wakefulness and nighttime sleep. The KLD at different frequency bands in each brain region was analyzed between the depression and non-depression groups. (3) Results: Of the 64 patients with epilepsy included in our study, 32 had depressive symptoms. It was found that patients with depression had significantly decreased KLD for high-frequency oscillations in most brain areas, especially the frontal lobe. A detailed analysis was conducted in the right frontal region (F4) because of the significant difference in the high-frequency band. We found that the KLDs at the gamma bands were significantly decreased in the depression groups compared to the non-depression group (KLDD = 0.35 ± 0.05, KLDND = 0.57 ± 0.05, p = 0.009). A negative correlation was displayed between the KLD of gamma band oscillation and HAMD-17 score (r = -0.29, p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: Sleep-wake rhythms can be assessed using the KLD index calculated from long-term scalp EEGs. Moreover, the KLD of high-frequency bands had a negative correlation with HAMD-17 scores in patients with epilepsy, which indicates a close relationship between abnormal sleep-wake patterns and depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy.

Dynamics of electrophysiological indicators of HRV in cattle

Purpose : to establish electrophysiological parameters of the teeth of electrocardiograms and analyze them in animals with different vegetative status. Materials and methods . The removal of electrocardiograms from the Jersey breed cows was carried out according to the methodology of M.P. Roshchevsky, 3-3.5 hours before eating. The ECG received during the study was subjected to mathematical processing using the Conan -4.5 laboratory. The studied animals were kept on the livestock complex with a stall year -round animal content system. Results . In the cows of the Jersey breed, during the study, the numerical values of the -t, a tooth -p and a tooth -r teeth have received numerical values. Analysis of the variability of heart rhythm (VCR) is a widely used method in medical practice to evaluate autonomic regulation and heart condition. A mathematical analysis of heart rhythm rhythms for determining the state of the autonomic nervous system is important for the pathogenetic treatment of many diseases. During a mathematical analysis of electrocardiograms, the breeding features of the variability of the heart rhythm of the Jersey breed cows were established, taking into account the autonomic tone. In this regard, it is advisable to include the assessment of these parameters to include in the basic set of a complex of diagnosis of heart disease in cattle. The study of the cardiovascular system is of great importance in veterinary treatment and preventive work.

PO-01-208 A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL TO TRACK CHANGES IN LEFT VENTRICULAR END-DIASTOLIC PRESSURE DURING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Heart failure and Atrial Fibrillation (AF) commonly occur concomitantly, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, monitoring of heart failure status is essential in directing medical therapy in these patients. Left ventricular (LV) filling pressures are one of the most important parameters in assessing worsened or acutely decompensated left heart failure, however current LV pressure monitoring strategies include invasive devices and catheterization. Our study aims to develop a computational model of heart failure in AF and demonstrate that beat-to-beat variations in RR intervals during AF can be exploited to predict changes in LV filling pressure. We used a modified Research CardioVascular SIMulator (RCVSIM) human cardiovascular model to simulate an intact circulatory system in patients with AF over 300 seconds. To simulate beat-by-beat variation of rhythm in AF, the length of each RR-interval was drawn randomly from a Mixed Gaussian Distribution. We modelled worsening HF by changing LV end-systolic compliance in the simulator, using compliances ranging from 1 to 3.5 mL/mmHg, with interval increases in compliance of 0.1 mL/mmHg. Stroke volumes, RR-intervals, and LV end-diastolic pressures are recorded for each simulation. This was repeated for mean heart rates from 60 to 110 beats per minute. Stroke volumes were found to have a strong linear correlation with the previous beat’s RR-interval for all mean heart rates tested (Spearman rho = 0.9-0.97). In Figure 1 below, we show the slope of the RR-interval versus stroke volume (SV/RR-interval) plotted against average LV end-diastolic pressure for all LV systolic compliances noted above and a mean heart rate of 84 beats per minute. A cubic function fit to this plot shows excellent goodness-of-fit with the simulated data with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99. This relationship remained consistent for all mean heart rates tested, and all cubic fits had R2 greater than 0.98. Our study provides a highly accurate model for estimating LV end-diastolic pressures over a broad range of LV systolic heart failure in simulated AF patients using only stroke volume and RR-intervals. Further work using photoplethysmography or continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) monitoring could potentially be used to obtain these measures non-invasively, thus leading to a non-invasive method for tracking heart failure in patients with AF.

Відповідь вегетативної нервової системи в дітей з пролапсом мітрального клапана на фізичне навантаження

The problem of cardiovascular diseases diagnosing is topical. The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has been increasing over the past decades, which requires a differentiated study to prevent its complications in children. Purpose - to explore the reaction of the autonomic nervous system to physical exercises in children with MVP, taking into account the mitral regurgitation (MR). Materials and methods. 44 children with MVP were examined and divided into two groups considering MR aged from 13 to 17 years old. The Group 1 consisted from 20 (45.5%) children with MVP without MR, the Group 2 - 24 (54.5%) children with MVP without MR. It were studied the influence of physical activity on the state of vegetative homeostasis in these children. The estimation of autonomic system state and heart rhythm variability parameters, including spectral and frequency analyses were conducted by cardiointervalography. Estimation of these parameters was performed after physical exercises and compared with primary results. Results. Increasing of VLf (Very low frequency) and Lf (Low frequency) data parameters on 32.7% and 65.6% in children with MVP without MR was noted which shows the prevalence of sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system (ANS), while in children with MR - on 40.5% and 85%, respectively, that is 7.8 and 19.5% more than in children without MR. This can be associated with increased sympathicotonia against the background of the MR presence. Among the parameters which describe the parasympathetic part of the ANS, there was an increase in Hf (High frequency) by 67.0% in children without MR, when it appears, this parameter decreases by 9,1% - we observe an increase in relative sympathicotonia. Increase of sympathetic tonus was also noted in Lf/Hf elevation by 3.8% (without MR) and by 28% (with MR). The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) time parameters expectedly had changes within reducing of SDNN (Standard deviation of the NN (R-R) intervals) by almost half (p&lt;0.05) in children of both subgroups and the increase of rMSSD (root mean square of successive R-R interval differences) by 23.2% in children without MR (р&lt;0.05), and with the appearance of MR decrease of this parameter by 24.3% was noted. Therefore, in children with MVP, with the appearance of MR, changes in the parameters that characterize the state of ANS with sympathicotonia increasing and parasympathicotonia weakening. Conclusions. In children with MVP, against the background of physical exertion, there is an increase in changes in the balance of the ANS, regardless to the presence or absence of MR. In children with MVP, against the background of MR, the influence of the sympathetic division of the ANS increases almost twice after physical exertion. These children should be under the close supervision of pediatricians, pediatric cardiologists and family doctors. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Dual-chamber leadless pacing: Atrioventricular synchrony in preclinical models of normal or blocked atrioventricular conduction

Dual-chamber leadless pacemakers (LPs) require robust communication between distinct right atrial (RA) and right ventricular (RV) LPs to achieve atrioventricular (AV) synchrony. The purpose of this preclinical study was to evaluate a novel, continuous implant-to-implant (i2i™) communication methodology for maintaining AV-synchronous, dual-chamber DDD(R) pacing by the 2 LPs. RA and RV LPs were implanted and paired in 7 ovine subjects (4 with induced complete heart block). AV synchrony (% AV intervals <300 ms) and i2i communication success (% successful i2i transmissions between LPs) were evaluated acutely and chronically. During acute testing, 12-lead electrocardiographic and LP diagnostic data were collected from 5-minute recordings, in 4 postures and 2 rhythms (AP-VP and AS-VP, or AP-VS and AS-VS) per subject. Chronic i2i performance was evaluated through 23 weeks postimplant (final i2i evaluation period: week 16-23). Acute AV synchrony and i2i communication success across multiple postures and rhythms were median [interquartile range] 100.0% [100.0%-100.0%] and 99.9% [99.9%-99.9%], respectively. AV synchrony and i2i success rates did not differ across postures (P = .59, P = .11) or rhythms (P = 1, P = .82). During the final i2i evaluation period, the overall i2i success was 98.9% [98.1%-99.0%]. Successful AV-synchronous, dual-chamber DDD(R) leadless pacing using a novel, continuous, wireless communication modality was demonstrated across variations in posture and rhythm in a preclinical model.

Root frost tolerance, seasonal variation in root growth, and field performance of one-year-old Russian larch seedlings with simulated root freezing damages

ABSTRACT Planting healthy seedlings with optimal growth potential is essential for proper growth and survival in forest regeneration. Assessing the seedling quality prior to planting is therefore important. In this Icelandic study, effects of root damage induced with artificial freezing in young Russian larch seedlings were examined using the root growth capacity method (RGC). Frost tolerance of roots varied during the winter, and root growth in undamaged seedlings fluctuated, indicating seasonal variations in growth rhythm. The LT50 value for root frost tolerance was −13.9°C in late January, but already at −10.6°C (LT10) root damages were severe. After one growing season, shoot elongation was significantly lower in seedlings frozen to −9°C, −13.5°C, and −15.5°C by 23%, 54%, and 72%, respectively, compared with undamaged seedlings. Control seedlings and seedlings frozen to −9°C achieved 100% survival after the first growing season. Survival in seedlings frozen to −13.5°C and −15.5°C was 85% and 27%, respectively. After the second growing season, survival decreased in all frost-damaged seedlings. The ongoing mortality demonstrates the long-lasting effects of planting seedlings with damaged root systems, and the fluctuation in root frost tolerance of young Russian larch seedlings during winter emphasises the need for care when seedlings are moved to outdoor storage.