Variation In People Research Articles

When does reputation lie? Dynamic feedbacks between costly signals, social capital and social prominence.

Performing a dramatic act of religious devotion, creating an art exhibit, or releasing a new product are all examples of public acts that signal quality and contribute to building a reputation. Signalling theory predicts that these public displays can reliably reveal quality. However, data from ethnographic work in South India suggests that more prominent individuals gain more from reputation-building religious acts than more marginalized individuals. To understand this phenomenon, we extend signalling theory to include variation in people's social prominence or social capital, first with an analytical model and then with an agent-based model. We consider two ways in which social prominence/capital may alter signalling: (i) it impacts observers' priors, and (ii) it alters the signallers' pay-offs. These two mechanisms can result in both a 'reputational shield,' where low quality individuals are able to 'pass' as high quality thanks to their greater social prominence/capital, and a 'reputational poverty trap,' where high quality individuals are unable to improve their standing owing to a lack of social prominence/capital. These findings bridge the signalling theory tradition prominent in behavioural ecology, anthropology and economics with the work on status hierarchies in sociology, and shed light on the complex ways in which individuals make inferences about others. This article is part of the theme issue 'The language of cooperation: reputation and honest signalling'.

“Corona Cooking”: The interrelation between emotional response to the first lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic and cooking attitudes and behaviour in Denmark

For this study, the authors measured attitudes toward shopping for food and cooking, before and during the first lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, among a sample of 526 Danish consumers, using an online survey. To analyse changes due to the lockdown, they applied a latent class Markov model, which revealed four states: middle of the road, love cooking (and like shopping), like shopping and cooking, and do not like shopping or cooking. In estimating transition probabilities, the findings reveal that most respondents remained in the same state before and during the lockdown, but those that changed were more likely to exhibit relatively higher liking of shopping and cooking. These states also reflect variations in people’s food literacy and self-reported food consumption. Finally, respondents with stronger negative emotional reactions to the lockdown were more likely to change their states.

How much could your heart embrace? What about your behavior? The Socio‐moral Radar as a behavioral expression of moral regard

Studying the scope and limits of individuals' moral concern is a relevant topic in many disciplines. The construct of Socio-moral Radar that this study introduces focuses on the behavioral expression of people's commitment with existing social problems and tries to reflect the degree of their moral inclusiveness as active citizens. Our main goal is to explore the extent and variations of people's willingness to engage with different social problems, developing an empirical instrument to measure it. Thus, we design the Socio-moral Radar (SmR) Scale to register the intention to perform different forms of social engagement directed at various causes or entities. We test the relationships of the scale with several variables, including the Moral Expansiveness Scale. We empirically differentiate two facets of the SmR based on the types of entities object of socio-moral commitment: humans and nature. Regression analysis is used to test their predictors. We discuss the usefulness of the SmR to explain social participation through the lenses of moral inclusiveness.

Romantic Love and Sleep Variations: Potential Proximate Mechanisms and Evolutionary Functions.

This article provides a narrative review of what is known about romantic love and sleep variations and provides possible explanations for the association. Romantic love and sleep are described using a comprehensive, unifying framework advocated by Tinbergen. We summarise the findings of studies investigating the relationship between romantic love and sleep. Sleep variations are associated with romantic love in adolescents and young adults. We then detail some proximate mechanisms that may contribute to sleep variations in people experiencing romantic love before considering potential evolutionary functions of sleep variations in people experiencing romantic love. The relationship between symptoms of psychopathology and sleep variations in people experiencing romantic love is described. With the current state of knowledge, it is not possible to determine whether sleep variations associated with romantic love are adaptations or by-products of romantic love. We conclude by proposing areas for future research.

Assessment of the Effects of Human Mobility Restrictions on COVID-19 Prevalence in the Global South

Governments and policymakers have initiated a wide range of responses to mitigate the propagation of the disease. These responses have consisted of different policies and the devising of protocols and standards. As these responses proliferate, there is a pressing need to evaluate the stringency, effectiveness, and results of imposing them on the COVID-19 infection rates. The aim of this study is to measure the effects of policy control and restrictions on COVID-19 prevalence in the Global South. Six policy responses to COVID-19 were used to investigate and explain the stringency and effectiveness of the imposed policies in mitigating the disease’s transmission. The evaluation of these policies was based on the population’s responses as of 4 June 2020 compared to an assessment period (the median value from the five-week period between 3 January and 6 February 2020). Using geographic information systems (GIS) techniques and the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method, an overall government response and stringency index was constructed as an effective proxy to assess populations’ responses to such policies in the Global South countries. The findings show variations in people’s responses toward the lockdown policies imposed by the countries in the Global South.

Non-linear spatial linkage between COVID-19 pandemic and mobility in ten countries: A lesson for future wave

BackgroundRestrictive measures enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in dramatic and substantial variations in people’s travel habits and behaviors worldwide. This paper empirically examines the asymmetric inter-linkages between transportation mobility and COVID-19. MethodsUsing daily data from 1st March 2020 to 15th July 2020, this study draws the dynamic and causal relationships between transportation mobility and COVID-19 in ten selected countries (i.e., USA, Brazil, Mexico, UK, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Canada, and Belgium). To systematically analyze how the quantiles of COVID-19 (transportation mobility) affect the quantiles of transportation mobility (COVID-19), a complete set of non-linear modeling including the quantile-on-quantile (QQ) regression and quantile Granger causality in mean is applied. ResultsOur preliminary findings strictly reject the preposition of data normality and highlight that the observed relationship is highly correlated and quantile-dependent. The empirical results demonstrate the heterogeneous dependence between COVID-19 and transportation mobility across quantiles. The findings acclaim the presence of a significant positive association between COVID-19 and transportation mobility in the USA, UK, Spain, Italy, Canada, France, Germany and Belgium, predominantly at upper quantiles, but results are contrasting in the case of Brazil and Mexico. In addition, either lower or upper quantiles of both variables indicate a declining negative effect of transportation mobility on COVID-19. Furthermore, the outcomes of quantile Granger causality in mean conclude a bidirectional causal link between COVID-19 and transportation mobility for almost all sample countries. Unlike them, France has found unidirectional causality that extends from COVID-19 to transportation mobility. ConclusionsWe may conclude that COVID-19 leads to a reduction in transportation mobility. On the other hand, the empirical results quantify that excessive transportation mobility levels stimulate pandemic cases, and social distancing is one of the primary measures to encounter infection transmission. Imperative country-specific policy implications pertaining to public health, potential virus spread, transportation, and the environment may be drawn from these findings.

COVID -19: EFFICACY AND SAFETY PROFILE OF MAIN VACCINES APPROVED FOR EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION IN 2021

Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a new member of the human coronaviruses family. It is a single-strand positive-strand nucleic acid (ssRNA), It also has spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. The (S) protein is responsible for recognising and binding to receptors on the surface of host cells and plays an important role in the first step of viral infection. Coronavirus-2 is identified in late 2019 as the causative agent of a new disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China associated with severe medical complications and even death in some cases. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the novel disease outbreak as a pandemic. Current Coronavirus pandemic is the most challenging health emergency to humanity in this century, with globally reported (184 .324 .026) confirmed cases and ( 3. 992. 680) confirmed deaths ,as of 7th July 2021, according to WHO.
 Preventive measures of social distancing face masks wearing, hand washing and lockdown have slowed the spread of COVID-19, but the ideal one is vaccination to protect individuals and create everlasting change and return to normalcy. Efficacy and safety of vaccines is very essential to gain public trust.
 There is a great variation in people’s confidence in vaccines that relies on several factors, including awareness about vaccines, its side effects, safety and efficacy.
 The objective of this review is to provide concise sound knowledge concerning the main approved vaccines for protection against COVID -19 emerged from various phases of vaccines clinical trials and medical practices, to enhance public trust and to tackle vaccine skepticism .
 This study also intended to educate about the vaccine’s side effects, that may prompt individuals to receive the vaccine after comparing the acceptable side effects with the disease’s severity and there by promote communities confidence in the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.
 This review examines efficacy and safety profile of some authorized vaccines such as Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA, (BNT162b2), Moderna (mRNA-1273) ,Johnson & Johnson (Janssen), Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S, CoronaVac vaccine and Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V).
 The review concluded that currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines are effective and prevent serious COVID-19 symptoms and related hospitalization and death. They are safe with acceptable minor local and systemic side effects, reported by some recipients’ of the vaccine and are similar to the known side effects encountered with previously known vaccines such as seasonal influenza vaccine, as expected outcomes of immune response to the vaccines. The reported serious side effects were very rare.

COVID-19 and their outcomes: how personality, place, and sex of people play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs

BackgroundThere is considerable variation in people’s attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic. One way to understand why people differ in their attitudes is to examine how personality traits predict the degree to which people hold different attitudes.MethodsWe collected data (N = 1420) from Portugal and Spain using Facebook advertising. We measured the Dark Triad and Big Five traits, and negative affect, along with ad hoc items for religiousness, and attitudes towards and fear of COVID.ResultsNeuroticism and Negative affect was linked to various domains of insecurity or fear and provides insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Religious people were less trusting in science, thought prayer was answer, and attributed the existence of the virus to an act of God. Women reported more fear of COVID-19 than men did, and this was enabled by women’s greater tendency to have Negative Affect and higher Neuroticism than men.ConclusionsNeurotic people and those with more Negative Affect appear to be more fearful, more trusting in others and systems likely to protect them (e.g., scientists), and less likely to trust in systems shown to not help them (e.g., prayer). We found other effects for the Dark Triad traits and the Big Five traits. In total, we highlight some of the reasons that people may be in such disagreements about what to do about the virus at the individual and institutional levels. Personality, place, and participant’s sex all appear to play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs.

Culture and contagion: Individualism and compliance with COVID-19 policy

In the first wave of the pandemic, places where geographic mobility declined more rapidly saw fewer cases of COVID-19. And yet, there is significant variation in people’s compliance with the lockdown measures introduced by governments in order to curb the spread of the virus. In this paper, we show that much of this variation can be explained by different cultural traits. Specifically, we advance the hypothesis that individualism, which puts greater value on personal freedom, makes government intervention harder, whereas collectivism, which emphasises the wellbeing of the group, makes collective action easier. We find support for these ideas across 111 countries, but also when exploiting within country variation in the two largest economies in the world: China and the United States. Across a host of specifications, people were less abiding by the lockdown rules in places with greater prevalence of individualistic cultural traits. We conclude that cultural factors play a critical role in successful policy implementation.

Opinion Dynamics Optimization by Varying Susceptibility to Persuasion via Non-Convex Local Search

A long line of work in social psychology has studied variations in people’s susceptibility to persuasion—the extent to which they are willing to modify their opinions on a topic. This body of literature suggests an interesting perspective on theoretical models of opinion formation by interacting parties in a network: in addition to considering interventions that directly modify people’s intrinsic opinions, it is also natural to consider interventions that modify people’s susceptibility to persuasion. In this work, motivated by this fact, we propose an influence optimization problem. Specifically, we adopt a popular model for social opinion dynamics, where each agent has some fixed innate opinion, and a resistance that measures the importance it places on its innate opinion; agents influence one another’s opinions through an iterative process. Under certain conditions, this iterative process converges to some equilibrium opinion vector. For the unbudgeted variant of the problem, the goal is to modify the resistance of any number of agents (within some given range) such that the sum of the equilibrium opinions is minimized; for the budgeted variant, in addition the algorithm is given upfront a restriction on the number of agents whose resistance may be modified. We prove that the objective function is in general non-convex. Hence, formulating the problem as a convex program as in an early version of this work (Abebe et al., KDD’18) might have potential correctness issues. We instead analyze the structure of the objective function, and show that any local optimum is also a global optimum, which is somehow surprising as the objective function might not be convex. Furthermore, we combine the iterative process and the local search paradigm to design very efficient algorithms that can solve the unbudgeted variant of the problem optimally on large-scale graphs containing millions of nodes. Finally, we propose and evaluate experimentally a family of heuristics for the budgeted variant of the problem.

Relating landscape ecological metrics with public survey data on perceived landscape quality and place attachment

ContextIt is essential for policy-making and planning that we understand landscapes not only in terms of landscape ecological patterns, but also in terms of their contribution to people's quality of life.ObjectivesIn this study our objective is to test relationships between landscape ecology and social science indicators, by investigating how landscape patterns are linked to people’s perception of landscape quality.MethodsTo assess public views on landscapes we conducted a survey among 858 respondents in Switzerland. We combined this survey data on perceived landscape quality and place attachment with landscape metrics (e.g. diversity, naturalness of land cover, urban sprawl, fragmentation) in a statistical model to test hypotheses about the relationships between the different variables of interest.ResultsOur results illustrate the contribution of both landscape composition metrics and social science indicators to understanding variation in people’s perception and assessment of landscape. For example, we found the landscape ecology metrics on urban sprawl and fragmentation to be a negative predictor of overall satisfaction with landscape, and that perceived landscape quality positively predicted place attachment and satisfaction with the municipality landscape.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance and feasibility of combining landscape ecology metrics and public survey data on how people perceive, value and relate to landscape in an integrated manner. Our approach has the potential for implementation across a variety of settings and can contribute to holistic and integrated landscape assessments that combine ecological and socio-cultural aspects.

Does In-Group Consolidation Polarize Attitudes Toward Immigrants?

Scholars have identified a host of individual-level and contextual factors associated with variation in people’s attitudes toward immigrants. In this article, we argue that individual traits that are conducive to a positive or negative attitude toward immigrants tend to be more strongly connected to attitudes the larger the share of people with similar traits in the individual’s immediate living environment. This is because interacting with like-minded people is likely to strengthen one’s pre-existing views. We test this reasoning using data on more than 3000 individuals nested within more than 100 neighborhoods in the city of Turku, Finland. We find that the attitudes of young adults tend to be more positive the more people with characteristics predicting a positive attitude there are in their neighborhood, while their attitudes tend to be more negative the more people there are with a low level of education, a strong predictor of negative attitudes.

Intelligent handwritten recognition using hybrid CNN architectures based-SVM classifier with dropout

Text recognition in Arabic handwritten scripts is an active research field. These recognition systems face numerous challenges, including enormous open data-bases, infinite variation in people’s handwriting, and freestyle. In this manuscript, Authors model deep learning architecture which can efficiently be utilized to recognizing Arabic handwritten scripts. This work explored a new model for both single font and multi-font type which concentrate on two common classifiers which are: Support Vector Machine (SVM) along with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Furthermore, authors protected the proposed model against the issue of over-fitting because of the strong performance of dropout technique. Both classification and feature extraction are done automatically. In the light of the error backpropagation method analysis, authors also have been proposed an innovative depth neural network training rule for maximum interval minimum classification error. In the meantime, max-margin minimum classification error (M3CE) and cross entropy are analyzed and hybridized to obtain better outcomes. Authors tested the proposed model on AHDB, AHCD, HACDB, and IFN/ENIT databases. The proposed model performance is compared with the accuracies of text recognition gained from state-of-the-art Arabic text recognition. The proposed model delivers favorable results.

Beliefs about Unobservable Scientific and Religious Entities are Transmitted via Subtle Linguistic Cues in Parental Testimony

ABSTRACT We explored the role of parental testimony in children’s developing beliefs about the ontological status of typically unobservable phenomena. US parents and their 5- to 7-year-old children (N = 25 dyads) separately rated their confidence in the existence of scientific and religious unobservable entities (e.g., germs, angels), and were invited to engage in an unmoderated dyadic conversation about the entities. Both parents and children were more confident in the existence of the scientific entities compared to the religious entities. Parental religiosity predicted the strength of their belief in the religious entities, and these beliefs were positively associated with their children’s judgments in the domain of religion. We coded parental testimony produced during the unmoderated conversation for a number of subtle linguistic cues that convey their confidence and prevailing beliefs in an entity’s existence. The results revealed consistent cross-domain differences: parents expressed more uncertainty, were more likely to mention variation in people’s beliefs and make explicit claims about the ontological status of the religious, as compared to the scientific entities. However, with increasing religiosity, parents produced fewer cues to uncertainty, mentioned belief variation less often, and were more likely to make claims of endorsement when talking about the religious unobservables. Importantly, the pattern of coded linguistic cues in parental testimony was significantly associated with children’s ontological judgments. The present findings have implications for understanding the socio-cultural mechanisms by which confidence in the existence of invisible agents and processes develops in childhood.

What factors are associated with travel liking on a recent commute? Evidence from commuters in Portland, Oregon

Travel can be a derived demand and exhibit intrinsic benefits beyond simply reaching destinations. While commuting is stressful for many people, others enjoy or like their commutes. Why? What trip and traveler characteristics explain variations in people’s affinity for travel? This research tackles these and other questions surrounding travel liking in the context of commuting. The data used in this study were collected from 609 commuters through a 30-minute online questionnaire survey in Portland, Oregon, in fall 2016. An ordered logit model examined associations between explanatory factors—commute mode, travel time, sociodemographics, a subjective assessment of travel usefulness, and (for a subsample) attitudinal and well-being measures—and travel liking for a recent commute, measured on a five-point scale from “strongly disliked” to “strongly liked.” Confirming previous research, most travelers (64%) liked their commutes and only 15% disliked the journey to work. People bicycling and walking had the most positive ratings of commute liking, and automobile drivers had the least. Furthermore, travel time was negatively associated with commute liking, especially for auto drivers and transit passengers. Few sociodemographic characteristics were significant, although people with an undergraduate degree, in a low-income household, and aged 65+ were more likely to like their commutes. There was also a strong and positive association between commute liking and the perceived usefulness of the commute. Additional analysis of a subsample found only a few attitudes and well-being scales that were significantly associated with commute liking: People who were satisfied with their life and led a purposeful life had a greater chance of liking travel.

Ankle Complex Neuromuscular Coordination Variation in People Living with HIV

Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) can exhibit impaired postural control because of infection or secondary medication effects, even with no history of falls. In PLHIV, balance deficits are associated with neuromuscular activation variations, muscle weakness, and complications with the vestibular and proprioceptive systems. We intend to determine neuromuscular activation coordination patterns of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GA) during eight different balance activities in physically active PLHIV.Methods: 55 participants were recruited to participate in this non-randomized control trial, 24 of whom had been diagnosed with HIV. We collected the neuromuscular profile from both groups to assess TA and GA muscle activity during static balance tasks with and without cognitive dual tasking.Results: Neuromuscular coordination patterns were dissimilar (p-value ≤ 0.05) in the HIV group in GA onset during eyes open on foam (EO FOAM), GA and TA duration and decay activity during eyes closed on foam (EC FOAM), and duration during eyes-closed head up and down (EC HUD). No considerable differences (p-value > 0.05) were observed with the addition of a cognitive task.Conclusion: During the disease's controlled stages, HIV or its medications cause a miscommunication between the ankle complex musculature and the vestibular input related to postural control. These neuromuscular modifications are more noticeable in single tasks requiring higher recruitment of the vestibular input to sustain balance, such as an unstable surface with no visual information. Directions for subsequent investigation include gathering participants with various physical activity levels, medications, CD4 counts, lengths of time since diagnosis, and examining balance during more advanced tasks, such as dynamic balance activities and motor dual-tasking.Clinical Relevance: Identify balance disturbances in PLHIV to reduce or prevent the risk of falls or injury. Specific deficits identified in PLHIV can be used to tailor interventions and address the balance systems at fault.

Explaining variation in health information seeking behaviour – Insights from a multilingual survey

ObjectiveHow best to provide an increasingly diverse population with health information has become a major concern for health policy makers in Europe and beyond. Our study aims to investigate factors explaining variation in people’s health information seeking behaviour. Our findings can be used to identify target groups for policy interventions that aim to provide health information efficiently. MethodsCross-sectional, paper-based, multilingual survey of a random sample of enrolees of two statutory health insurers in Hamburg, Germany. Data were collected from September to December 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic and health-related individual characteristics and their associations with participants’ choice of ten sources of health information. FindingsParticipants’ choice of information sources differed significantly across the following sociodemographic and health-related characteristics: age, gender, immigration status, education, employment status, marital status and general state of health. Immigrants and individuals with low educational attainment were most likely to use emergency departments as sources of health information. ConclusionPolicy interventions aiming to manage the use of health information sources should focus on immigrants and individuals with low educational attainment. Providing multilingual, low-threshold counselling and information services could be an efficient way to reduce short-term costs of health information seeking behaviour to health insurers or other payers of care while improving patient empowerment.

Socio‐psychological factors, beyond knowledge, predict people’s engagement in pollinator conservation

Abstract Nature conservation often depends on the behaviour of individuals, which can be driven by socio‐psychological factors such as a person's attitude, knowledge and identity. Despite extensive ecological research about pollinator declines, there has been almost no social research assessing the drivers of people's engagement in pollinator conservation. To address this gap, we used a large‐scale, online questionnaire in the United Kingdom, broadly framed around the Theory of Planned Behaviour. We received a total of 1,275 responses from a wide range of ages, incomes and education levels, despite a selection bias towards people with a pre‐existing interest in pollinators. A range of socio‐psychological factors predicted people's pollinator conservation actions and explained 45% of the variation. Respondents’ diversity of nature interactions and perceived behavioural control (feeling able to help pollinators) were consistently important predictors of people's pollinator conservation actions, whilst the importance of other socio‐psychological factors depended on the particular action. Notably, knowledge was far less important overall than people's perceptions and other socio‐psychological factors, highlighting a knowledge‐action gap. Further unexplained variation in people's behaviour could partly be due by structural and contextual factors, particularly regarding social norms around tidiness. From a practical perspective, our findings reveal three main insights. First, several simple, low‐cost pollinator conservation actions (reduced mowing, leaving areas unmown and creating patches of bare ground for ground‐nesting bees) are currently under‐utilised so should be priorities for pollinator conservation programmes. Second, strategies are needed to overcome reported practical barriers, for example by providing free resources (e.g. seeds of pollen‐ and nectar‐rich plants) and communicating simple beneficial actions that can be carried out with limited time, space and money. Third, knowledge is just one (relatively less important) factor that predicts pollinator conservation behaviour—other socio‐psychological factors provide potential pathways for increasing uptake, and structural and contextual limitations also need to be considered. In practice, this could be achieved by engaging, inspiring and empowering the public to help pollinators and to take responsibility for their local environment, for example through environmental education and community programmes facilitating public interest and involvement in the management of greenspace. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Random variation and systematic biases in probability estimation

A number of recent theories have suggested that the various systematic biases and fallacies seen in people’s probabilistic reasoning may arise purely as a consequence of random variation in the reasoning process. The underlying argument, in these theories, is that random variation has systematic regressive effects, so producing the observed patterns of bias. These theories typically take this random variation as a given, and assume that the degree of random variation in probabilistic reasoning is sufficiently large to account for observed patterns of fallacy and bias; there has been very little research directly examining the character of random variation in people’s probabilistic judgement. We describe 4 experiments investigating the degree, level, and characteristic properties of random variation in people’s probability judgement. We show that the degree of variance is easily large enough to account for the occurrence of two central fallacies in probabilistic reasoning (the conjunction fallacy and the disjunction fallacy), and that level of variance is a reliable predictor of the occurrence of these fallacies. We also show that random variance in people’s probabilistic judgement follows a particular mathematical model from frequentist probability theory: the binomial proportion distribution. This result supports a model in which people reason about probabilities in a way that follows frequentist probability theory but is subject to random variation or noise.

Do emotions predict eating? The role of previous experiences in emotional eating in the lab and in daily life

Emotional eating is defined as an increase in eating following negative emotion. Self-reported emotional eating has been associated with physical health concerns. However, experimental and daily diary studies indicate that induced or naturally experienced negative emotions do not reliably lead to increased eating behavior in people without eating disorders, not even among self-professed emotional eaters. Emotional eating may depend on associations people have made between specific emotions and eating. We describe a set of studies with the overarching goal of determining whether accounting for the variation in people's associations between eating and different discrete emotions is the key to observing emotional eating. In both Study 1 (N = 118) and 2 (N = 111), we asked people to report on their tendency to eat following sadness and anxiety and determined how much they ate when induced to feel sad or anxious in the lab (Study 1) or experiencing these emotions in daily life (Study 2). We found no support for our hypotheses in either study; self-professed sad- or anxious-eaters did not eat more when induced to experience these emotions in the lab, or when experiencing these emotions in daily life. Thus, accounting for the variation in people's associations between eating and two discrete emotions, sadness and anxiety, is not the key to observing sad or anxious eating behavior in the lab or in daily life. Preregistration, materials, data, and code: https://osf.io/kcqej/ (Study 1) and https://osf.io/3euvg/ (Study 2).