Variation Of Tension Research Articles

Investigations on the mooring safety considering the coupling effect of the mooring line snap tension and anchor out-of-plane loading

The systems responsible for mooring floating structures possess a pivotal function in ensuring safety. During harsh marine conditions, mooring systems can be susceptible to failure due to two key factors: mooring line snap tension and out-of-plane loading of the anchor. However, in contemporary mooring designs, these two factors do not receive sufficient contemplation. This paper recommends a safety design strategy for mooring system, which considers both the mooring line snap tension and the out-of-plane loading of the anchor. The analysis of partial mooring line breakage during extreme marine conditions is conducted to elicit insights into the characteristics of floating platform movement, variations in mooring line tension, and the implications of out-of-plane loading on the mooring anchor post breakage. The evolution process of the safety factor is deduced accordingly. The findings reveal that the tensions of adjacent lines experience an abrupt surge when a line is broken, leaving behind the possibility of progressive failure. Due to the vast drift of the floating platform, the adjacent anchors are also troubled by out-of-plane loadings, which dramatically reduce the anchor capacity. This indicates the coupling effect of the mooring line snap tension and the out-of-plane loading as the primary source of failure of the remaining mooring system. The paper emphasizes the significance of factoring in mooring line snap tension and anchor out-of-plane loading capacity verification in anchor design.

Dynamic modeling and analysis of hanger cables with spacers and dampers for vibration mitigation

Many suspension bridges are designed with hangers composed of pairs of cables. The hanger cables are featured by low fundamental frequencies and extremely low inherent damping, and thus subjected to various wind-induced vibrations, typically including wake-induced and vortex-induced vibrations. Spacers are required to connect the cables for suppressing wake-induced vibrations, which nevertheless provide nearly no additional damping. Damping devices are also required to suppress other types of vibrations, e.g., vortex-induced vibrations. A combination of spacers and dampers for vibration mitigation of hanger cables leads to a complex dynamic system. This paper focuses on modeling dynamic behaviors of such a system. A generalized and dimensionless numerical model is first established. Parametric analysis is then conducted to investigate the influences of spacers and dampers on system frequency and damping. It is found that equally distributed spacers with a dimensionless stiffness coefficient larger than 102 can be considered as rigid and further increasing stiffness cannot increase the system frequencies but leads to increased number of localized modes. A combination of near-anchorage dampers and viscoelastic spacers can provide adequate damping to both in-phase and out-of-phase cable vibrations. Variation in tension, mass and length ratios of the two cables is not effective in improving damping provided by viscoelastic spacers to in-phase vibrations.

Numerical and experimental investigation on condensing heat transfer and flow characteristics outside horizontal dentate-fin tubes

The condensing flow and heat-transfer characteristics around dentate-fin tubes were investigated using numerical and experimental methods. Using the examined computational model, the film flow characteristics and condensing heat-transfer coefficient of the dentate-fin tubes in the circumferential and axial directions were analyzed. Comprehensive information regarding the condensation process in high-performance tubes is provided for the first time. The results showed that the circumferential and axial film thicknesses of the dentate-fin tubes increased with increasing fin density. The liquid film distribution of dentate-fin tubes with a low fin density was relatively uniform, and condensate drainage was easy. The special heat-transfer structure of dentate-fin tubes was examined, and it was found that the complex heat-transfer structure led to variations in the surface tension, which changes the liquid-film distribution. The local condensing heat-transfer coefficient of the dentate-fin tubes was very sensitive to the liquid-film distribution. The optimal fin density corresponding to the maximum overall heat-transfer coefficient was obtained, which showed that the mechanism of heat-transfer enhancement for dentate-fin tubes was a joint effect of the heat-transfer area and liquid-film thickness.

Dynamic analysis of offshore triceratops supporting wind turbine: Preliminary studies

Offshore triceratops, the recent innovation in deep water compliant platforms, is primarily designed to withstand lateral forces through its geometric shape. The uniqueness of the platform is the presence of the ball joints between the legs and deck, which partially restrain the transfer of rotations from the legs to the deck and vice-versa. However, displacements such as surge, sway, and heave motions are transferred, ensuring a rigid connection between the legs and the deck. Efficient operations of offshore wind turbines are more dependent on the support systems on which they are mounted. Increased stability and reduction in stress concentration in rigid connections are desirable. Nonlinear dynamic response analysis is carried out in FAST by coupling the frequency response of the platform obtained in ANSYS AQWA with that of the HydroDyn module of FAST. The current study investigates a fully coupled three-dimensional hydro-aerodynamic model of triceratops mounted with a horizontal axis wind turbine. Unsteady Blade Element Momentum theory (BEM) is used to estimate the aerodynamic loads, which encompasses the effect of wind shear using a power law and spatially coherent turbulence. In contrast, Morison equations are used to estimate the hydrodynamic loads on the platform. After the preliminary proportioning of the platform, Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) plots are drawn to illustrate the partial motion transfer between the deck and the buoyant legs. Based on the preliminary studies, it is seen that the environmental loads do not impose instability, reinforcing the dynamic stability of the platform. Frequency responses for operating and parked conditions illustrate the coupling between the degrees of freedom and the influence of the rotor motion of the wind turbine on the platform deck. Tether tension variation is assessed in all three legs for the operational sea states to check the safety standards for a compliant system to avoid tether pull-out. The presented study is prima facie to encourage the suitability of triceratops as floaters to support the wind turbine under moderate sea states. Highlights This study is focused on new-generation offshore triceratops as support system for wind turbine Prelimiary dynamic anlaysis of coupled action of the supprting system and wind turbine are presented Use of ball joints help partial isolation of the deck and restrain transfer of moment from the turbine shaft to the supporting system, which is a novelty Infleunce of rotor motion of the triceratops is illustarted to highlight the advantage of complinacy of trirceratops This study disucsses only the performance assessment and not the design perspectives

Functionalization and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles recovered from acid mine drainage and application in the enhanced oil recovery

Oil is one of the most intensively used energy sources in the world and, as a fossil fuel, it is a finite resource. Different methods have been explored to increase oil recovery from mature fields, particularly using enhanced oil recovery (EOR) with the help of nanofluids. This study performed EOR tests using iron oxide nanoparticles added to brine and sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions. Three types of iron oxide nanoparticles were examined: commercial (IO), derived from the acid drainage of an underground coal mine (SIO), and temperature-sensitive functionalized (TSIO). The nanoparticles were well characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The nanofluids were evaluated through dynamic light scattering measurements and determination of the viscosity, turbidity, contact angle and surface tension. There was not significant variation in the surface tension of the samples, which ranged between 25.46 and 28.28 mN m−1. However, the contact angle exhibited notable fluctuations depending on the nanoparticles concentration, ranging from 7.39° to 24.43°. Furthermore, the zeta potential suggests that the stability of the nanofluid samples falls within the moderate to medium range. An improvement in oil recovery reached 10% with the commercial nanoparticles (0.50 wt%), followed by 8.5% using the synthesized (0.25 wt%) and 7.5% using the functionalized (0.25 wt%). Moreover, all nanofluids showed good stability for up to 30 days, and their viscosity showed a direct relationship with the enhancement in oil recovery.

Surface tension of single suspended aerosol microdroplets

The surface tension of troposphere aerosols can significantly influence their atmospheric processes and key properties, particularly on the morphology, the phase transition, the activation as cloud condensation nuclei, and the gas-particle partitioning. However, directly measuring the surface tension of single ambient aerosol is quite challenging, due to the limitations of their picolitre volumes and thermal motion. Here, we developed a dual laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (DLT-RS) system to directly sense the surface tension of single airborne microdroplets (PM10 particles). A pair of aerosol droplets were trapped and driven to coalesce by the laser tweezers. Meanwhile, the backscattering light intensity and bright-field images during the coalescence process were recorded to characterize the aerosol surface tension. A remarkable advantage of directly sensing aerosol surface tension is that the solutes in aerosols are often supersaturated, which is common in atmospheric aerosols but almost unavailable in bulk solutions. We experimentally measured the surface tension of aerosols composed of nitrates or oxalic acid/nitrate mixture. Besides, the variation of surface tension during aerosol aging process was also explored, which brings possible implications on the surface evolution of actual ambient aerosol during their atmospheric lifetime.

Role of concentration and hydrophobic nature of weak polyelectrolytes on adsorption structure and thermodynamics at oil-water interface: Study of several carboxylate polymers

Intermolecular structure, conformations, solvation and adsorption characteristics of four partially ionized polycarboxylic acids syndiotactic-poly(acrylic acid) (s-PAA), syndiotactic-poly(methacrylic acid) (s-PMA), isotactic-poly(methacrylic acid) (i-PMA) and atactic-poly(ethacrylic acid) (a-PEA) at oil (CCl4) - water interface is studied by molecular dynamics simulations over the range from dilute to monolayer coverage. Linearity and slope of Θ-Γ curves are correlated to conformational invariance and extent of adsorption (partial vs complete) respectively, within the range of concentration of study. Adsorption of i-PMA and a-PEA chains occurs deeper into the oil-side of interface region as driven by the greater hydrophobicity of these polymers. Higher tendency of highly extended s-PMA to desorb from the interface as compared to strong adsorption of compact coiled i-PMA is driven by their solvation behavior dictated by aspects of structural partitioning of chemical groups with respect to the solvents of the two phases. Hydrophobic side-group in the polyelectrolyte chain is responsible for the slower dynamics of the backbone. The observed variation in thickness of adsorbed layer and fractional interface coverage with concentration suggest partial adsorption of chain segments beyond saturation of interface rather than coiling of chains to accommodate additional chains. While a-PEA exhibits greater variation in interfacial tension, the change in electric potential difference across the interface indicates weak adsorption by s-PMA. The influence of the tacticity of PMA on dynamics and distribution of counter-ions is in agreement with experimental results. Results provide a significant advancement in our understanding of polyelectrolyte and polymer adsorption at oil-water liquid interface.

A multiphase model for exploring electrochemical Marangoni flow

A multiphase numerical model based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method is proposed to simulate the transient, electrochemically-generated Marangoni flow in a system comprising a NaOH electrolyte and a eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) metal droplet. The model incorporates appropriate equations to accurately represent the transport phenomena, including flow, electric potential, and electric current density, within the entire system. The model includes the transient variation in the interfacial tension as a function of electric current density at the interface, leading to the generation of Marangoni flow and enabling the tracking of droplet shape evolution. Notably, the model successfully captures the elongation of the droplet towards the cathode, which is validated through comparison with available experimental data.

Efficient single-cell oxygen consumption rate characterization based on frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy measurement and microfluidic platform.

Cell metabolism is critical in regulating normal cell functions to maintain energy homeostasis. In order to monitor cell metabolism, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cells has been characterized as an important factor. In conventional cell analysis, the cells are characterized in bulk due to technical limitations. However, the heterogeneity between the cells cannot be identified. Therefore, single-cell analysis has been proposed to reveal cellular functions and their heterogeneity. In this research, an approach integrating a microfluidic device and widefield frequency domain fluorescence imaging lifetime microscopy (FD-FLIM) for single-cell OCR characterization in an efficient manner is developed. The microfluidic device provides an efficient platform to trap and isolate single cells in microwells with the buffer saline containing an oxygen-sensitive phosphorescent dye. The oxygen tension variation within the microwells can be efficiently estimated by measuring the fluorescence lifetime change using the FD-FLIM, and the OCR values of the single cells can then be calculated. In the experiments, breast cancer (MCF-7) cells are exploited for the OCR measurement. The results demonstrate the functionality of the developed approach and show the heterogeneity among the cells. The developed approach possesses great potential to advance cellular metabolism studies with single-cell resolution.

Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of nonuniform beams with a new method based on perturbation

By using a new method based on perturbation method and Fredholm theory, the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of nonuniform Euler-Bernoulli beam vibration are solved analytically. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions under boundary conditions are given for the tension beam problem which considers the variation of tension in vertical marine riser from top to bottom caused by gravity effect. The asymptotic analytical results are compared with classical results to verify the effectiveness of the new method based on perturbation method. The influence of the change of the bottom tension on the perturbation method is analyzed. The results show that: for each order of natural frequency of riser, the natural frequency will gradually increase with the increase of bottom tension, and the obtained natural frequency will become more and more accurate; when the bottom tension is constant, the new method based on perturbation method in this paper can give good accuracy for higher order natural frequency rather than lower order.

Prediction of Chinese-lantern submarine hose tension variation in extreme sea states based on data-driven methods

To predict the variation of Chinese-lantern type submarine hose tension in extreme sea states is of great significance for the monitoring, operation and lifetime assessment of catenary anchor leg mooring (CALM) systems. In this research, the machine learning algorithm in radial basis function (RBF) neural network and the deep learning algorithm in long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model were used to predict the variation of submarine hose tension respectively, and the prediction performance of the two algorithms on the time-series variation of submarine hose tension was evaluated. During the neural network construction, the six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) motion of CALM buoy is taken as the training parameter, while the historical tension variation data is also integrated for the correction of the prediction results. The training data are collected by hydrodynamic coupling simulation of the established CALM system with submarine hoses. Different parameter values selection of the neural network model is investigated to determine the optimal structure of the RBF and LSTM neural network models, including spread, initial learning rate, number of nodes in the hidden layer and batch size. Since the direction of environmental loads has a large effect on the response of the submarine hose, four combinations of wind, wave and currents under 100-year self-existing sea state are considered in the research. Through the case study and sensitivity analysis, it is demonstrated that the non-linear relationship between 6-DOF motion and hose tension is varied for different environmental load directions and LSTM neural network is suitable for predicting the variation of Chinese-lantern type submarine hose tension in CALM systems under different combinations of extreme sea states.

An extended model for the direct numerical simulation of droplet evaporation. Influence of the Marangoni convection on Leidenfrost droplet

In this paper, we propose an extended model for the numerical simulation of evaporating droplets within the framework of interface capturing or interface tracking methods. Most existing works make several limiting assumptions that need to be overcome for a more accurate description of the evaporation of droplets. In particular, the variations of several physical variables with local temperature and mass fraction fields must be accounted for in order to perform more realistic computations. While taking into account the variations of some of these physical properties, as viscosity, seems rather obvious, variations of other variables, as density and surface tension, involve additional source terms in the fundamental equations for which a suitable discretization must be developed. The paper presents a numerical strategy to account for such an extended model along with several original test-cases allowing to demonstrate both the accuracy of the proposed numerical schemes and the strong interest in developing such an extended model for the simulation of droplet evaporation. In particular, the impact of thermo-capillary convection will be highlighted on the vapor film thickness between a superheated wall and a static Leidenfrost droplet levitating above this wall.

Behavior of the fullerene/water system under liquid and liquid–vapor conditions: A molecular dynamics approach

Classical molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to quantify the behavior of fullerenes in water, under liquid phase and liquid–vapor conditions. Different molalities of fullerene were considered in the study. Radial distribution functions, static dielectric constant and equation of state were evaluated in liquid phase. Direct liquid–vapor coexistence simulations of water with fullerene added were conducted to explore density profiles, liquid–vapor coexistence curve, pressure tensor components and surface tension variations with respect to water. An all-atom fullerene model studied by Monticelli and the SPC/ɛ description of water were used. At ambient conditions fullerene–fullerene and fullerene-water correlations decreased as molality increased. In turn, the static dielectric constant decreased due that fullerenes hinder the dipolar orientation of water molecules. As temperature increased, the static dielectric constant lowered. Part of the study was conducted at 373 K from 10 to 24 kbar, revealing that density of the system increased as molality was higher while fullerene-fullerene correlations decreased and fullerene-water correlations increased slightly. Concerning the static dielectric constant, a decrease was observed due that fullerenes and fullerene aggregates disturbed water structure as molality increased. As the system is compressed at a fixed molality, fullerenes become more uniformly distributed and the dielectric constant increases. Therefore, increasing the pressure is a mechanism to force the dipolar orientation of water molecules. On the other hand, liquid–vapor coexistence was studied from 280 to 650 K using molalities from 0.037 to 0.695 mol/kg. Liquid–vapor simulations revealed that the location of fullerenes and the formation of aggregates affect the behavior of surface tension. Fullerenes can locate at the liquid–vapor interfaces forming aggregates that obstruct the pass of water molecules to the vapor, so surface tension increases slightly with respect to water. At 0.695 mol/kg, larger clusters were observed but they located predominantly within the liquid phase and therefore acted in the opposite direction, that is, they favored the migration of water molecules to the vapor and surface tension dropped. In addition, a peculiar behavior was observed for temperatures above 500 K: surface tension increased its value as temperature increased. This behavior could be attributed to the fact that at such high molality the calculated surface tension might not longer correspond to liquid–vapor interfaces, instead it could be related to a sort of solid–liquid interface that have formed into the system. These calculations set the basis for improving the description of fullerene/water interactions as more experimental information becomes available and also serve as reference data in the design of interaction parameters to model water-soluble fullerenes.

A Membrane Tension‐Responsive Mechanosensitive DNA Nanomachine

AbstractMembrane curvature reflects physical forces operating on the lipid membrane, which plays important roles in cellular processes. Here, we design a mechanosensitive DNA (MSD) nanomachine that mimics natural mechanosensitive PIEZO channels to convert the membrane tension changes of lipid vesicles with different sizes into fluorescence signals in real time. The MSD nanomachine consists of an archetypical six‐helix‐bundle DNA nanopore, cholesterol‐based membrane anchors, and a solvatochromic fluorophore, spiropyran (SP). We find that the DNA nanopore effectively amplifies subtle variations of the membrane tension, which effectively induces the isomerization of weakly emissive SP into highly emissive merocyanine isomers for visualizing membrane tension changes. By measuring the membrane tension via the fluorescence of MSD nanomachine, we establish the correlation between the membrane tension and the curvature that follows the Young‐Laplace equation. This DNA nanotechnology‐enabled strategy opens new routes to studying membrane mechanics in physiological and pathological settings.

Systematic study of the isotopic dependence of heavy-ion fusion cross sections at below- and above-barrier energies

The present work provides a systematic study on the role of nuclear surface tension in the isotopic dependence of the fusion cross sections at below- and above-barrier energies over wide range of neutron content (0.5 < N/Z < 1.7). To realize our goal, we select three different versions of proximity-based potential, involving proximity potential 1977, 1988, and 2010, in order to calculate the nucleus-nucleus potential and ultimately the fusion barrier parameters. It is shown that the barrier positions, heights, and curvatures follow a (second-order) non-linear isotopic behavior with addition of neutrons which are dependent on the effect of variation in the nuclear surface tension. Our findings reveal that the sensitivity of isotopic dependence of the fusion barrier characteristics to the effect of surface energy coefficients γ increases by increasing the asymmetry of the colliding pair. In addition, we demonstrate the sensitivity toward the coefficient γ is seen more clearly from the more neutron-rich nuclei compared to the neutron-deficient ones. We discuss the isotopic dependence of the fusion cross sections at below- and above-barrier energies within the framework of the Wong model for a single potential barrier. For above-barrier energies, it is shown that the fusion cross sections follow an increasing (second-order) non-linear trend due to the addition of neutrons. While a decreasing (second-order) non-linear trend exists for the variation in the fusion cross sections at below-barrier energies. Simultaneous comparison the results obtained by the 3 versions of proximity potential for the isotopic dependence of fusion cross sections in the mentioned energy regions reveal the importance of the quantum tunneling and also nuclear structure effects.

Inhibition of asphaltene deposition by Al2O3 nanoparticles during CO2 injection

Carbon dioxide flooding is of interest due to its high oil-sweep efficiency for enhanced oil recovery and contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, when CO2 is injected into deep geological strata, asphaltene may precipitate. In this work, the effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the deposition of asphaltene was examined by assessing the variations of bond number and interfacial tension at different pressures and a temperature of 60 °C. The asphaltene onset point and intensity were characterized using the bond number, which proved a better indicator of changes in oil droplet shape and interfacial tension with gravity. Synthesized mixtures of toluene and n-heptane that contained two different kinds of asphaltenes were used as M and D oil samples. A 0.06 mass% addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles, which worked best for reduction of interfacial tension, was also applied at various pressures. Addition of nanoparticles to the oils prevented asphaltene precipitation in both synthetic samples by altering the slope of the plot of interfacial tension with pressure by 49.7% for the M sample and 9.0% for the D sample. The Al2O3 nanoparticles were found to be more effective at inhibiting asphaltene precipitation for the M oil sample due to its lower H/C ratio and higher nitrogen content.

Nebulized myo-inositol increases mucus clearance in patients with Bronchiectasis: a retrospective study.

This retrospective study aimed at ascertaining the clinical usefulness of nebulized myo-inositol in the management of patients affected by bronchiectasis. 19 patients, aged between 63 and 73 years old, with bronchiectasis, were treated for 15 days with nebulized myo-inositol or placebo. Lung functionality [forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1)], solid content of expectorate, and surfactant tension were analyzed. All patients treated with nebulized myo-inositol had a significant decrease in the percentage of solid content in the expectorate (T0 7.9±2.8% vs. T1 5.2±2.7%; p<0.001) and surfactant tension (T0 81.5±6.9 mN/m vs. T1 77.4±7.2 mN/m; p<0.001). Among treated patients, these variations correlated with FEV1 (rs=- 0.79; p<0.01) and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75%) (rs=-0.81; p<0.01) scores. Also, variation of surfactant tension correlated with FEV1 (rs= -0.74; p<0.05) score. Nebulized myo-inositol increases lung functionality and mucus clearance in patients affected by bronchiectasis.

Marangoni instability in oblate droplets suspended on a circular frame

We study theoretically internal flows in a small oblate droplet suspended on the circular frame. Marangoni convection arises due to a vertical temperature gradient across the drop and is driven by the surface tension variations at the free drop interface. Using the analytical basis for the solutions of Stokes equation in coordinates of oblate spheroid, we have derived the linearly independent stationary solutions for Marangoni convection in terms of Stokes stream functions. The numerical simulations of the thermocapillary motion in the drops are used to study the onset of the stationary regime. Both analytical and numerical calculations predict the axially symmetric circulatory convection motion in the drop, the dynamics of which is determined by the magnitude of the temperature gradient across the drop. The analytical solutions for the critical temperature distribution and velocity fields are obtained for the large temperature gradients across the oblate drop. These solutions reveal the lateral separation of the critical and stationary motions within the drops. The critical vortices are localized near the central part of a drop, while the intensive stationary flow is located closer to its butt end. A crossover to the limit of the plane film is studied within the formalism of the stream functions by reducing the droplet ellipticity ratio to zero value. The initial stationary regime for the strongly oblate drops becomes unstable relative to the many-vortex perturbations in analogy with the plane fluid films with free boundaries.

Second-order accurate implicit finite volume method for two-dimensional modeling of PFAS transport in unsaturated porous media with variable surface tension

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have become emerging contaminants of critical concern. Comprehensive understanding of the transport and fate of PFAS in the vadose-zone, a type of water-unsaturated porous media, is key to determination of the risks of the PFAS contamination in the subsurface and to the development of the effective remediation strategies. Accurate modeling of the PFAS transport in the unsaturated porous media is still a challenge due to the variable surface tension induced by the adsorption of PFAS to the air-water interfaces. In an effort to address this challenge, we propose a multidimensional modeling framework for the transient PFAS transport in the unsaturated porous media based on the second order accuracy finite volume method. In the modeling, the adsorption of PFAS to the solid surfaces and to the air-water interfaces is described by the two-domain sorption kinetics model, i.e., both the instantaneous and the rate limited PFAS adsorptions are taken into account. The diffusive and convective terms in the governing equations for the PFAS transport and the water flow are discretized by the central difference and the quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinetics schemes, respectively. We investigate the effects of the convergent criteria, coupling method, and variation of the surface tension on the average and the local PFAS concentration and water content in the computational domain. We find that the convergent criteria should be chosen carefully so as to get the accurate results. The differences between the different coupling methods are affected by the boundary conditions. The variation in the surface tension due to the variation of the PFAS concentration cannot be neglected. The dimensionless parameters relevant to the properties of porous media as well as the relation between the surface tension and the PFAS concentration play an important role in transport of PFAS in the unsaturated porous media. The effects of the Péclet number, Damköhler values, and fraction of instantaneous sorption are not significant in the ranges studied in this work. These findings provide a better understanding of transport of PFAS in the vadose zone.

Mechanical Properties of Glioblastoma: Perspectives for YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway and Beyond

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Recent studies have suggested that mechanobiology, the study of how physical forces influence cellular behavior, plays an important role in glioblastoma progression. Several signaling pathways, molecules, and effectors, such as focal adhesions, stretch-activated ion channels, or membrane tension variations, have been studied in this regard. Also investigated are YAP/TAZ, downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, which is a key regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. In glioblastoma, YAP/TAZ have been shown to promote tumor growth and invasion by regulating genes involved in cell adhesion, migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. YAP/TAZ can be activated by mechanical cues such as cell stiffness, matrix rigidity, and cell shape changes, which are all altered in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ have been shown to crosstalk with other signaling pathways, such as AKT, mTOR, and WNT, which are dysregulated in glioblastoma. Thus, understanding the role of mechanobiology and YAP/TAZ in glioblastoma progression could provide new insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting YAP/TAZ and mechanotransduction pathways in glioblastoma may offer a promising approach to treating this deadly disease.