Variations In Wind Direction Research Articles

Concrete splitting and tip-bearing effect in the bond of anchored bars tested under fatigue loading in the push-in mode: An experimental investigation

The load scenario with a compressive force applied to an anchored bar (push-in mode) has not been sufficiently addressed so far with reference to fatigue, since most of the studies available in the literature are focused on bond behavior under tensile forces (pull-out mode). However, special structures like the towers of wind turbines subjected to alternating moments (and tensile-compressive forces) due to the variable wind direction, are fostering the interest for the fatigue behavior of concrete-bar bond under compressive forces, all the more because several millions of load cycles may be applied. An extensive experimental investigation has been carried out in this research project using a modified beam-end test in the push-in mode. Fifty beam-end specimens were tested under monotonic loads, as well as under low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue loads, with different bar diameters and bonded lengths. The failure modes and bond behavior with the end sections of the anchored bars either unloaded (free ends) or pushing against the concrete (compression ends exhibiting the well-known tip-bearing effect) were investigated as well. The results of the cyclic tests in the push-in mode are compared with those available in the literature in the pull-out mode, through the usual Wöhler curves and fatigue-induced creep curves. Based on this comparative analysis, the failure mechanisms of bond under fatigue loading are identified, with specific attention to the interaction between bond behavior and splitting cracks.

Fitting the seasonal distribution of wind direction in central region of Kerala using Bernstein Polynomials

Non parametric Bernstein polynomial estimator for circular data was applied for fitting daily wind directions. Since Thrissur District of Kerala faces a special type of wind called Vruschikakkaatu in November to February season and there is a decreases of such wind speed year after year, an analysis was conducted to check whether there is variation in wind direction. The seasonwise distribution of wind directions during morning (7.25 am) and evening (2.25 pm) for the period from 1983 to 1997 and 2003 to 2017 were separately fitted. Study revealed there is no change in the seasonal distributions.

Research on the rotor speed and aerodynamic characteristics of a dynamic yawing wind turbine with a short-time uniform wind direction variation

Dynamic yawing caused by wind direction variation is an important operating case for wind turbines. Because experimental data are lacking, existing studies assume that the rotor speed and pitch angle are constant, which cannot reflect the actual working states of wind turbines in the short-time variation of the wind direction. In this study, the rotor speed and power characteristics of wind turbine with the condition of variable wind direction were obtained through experiments. Using the experimental time-varying rotor speed curve, the aerodynamic characteristics were further studied using computational fluid dynamics method. The results showed that the rotor speed decreased due to the short-term wind direction variation. The final rotor speed and the stable time were related to the initial tip speed ratio and the wind direction variation rate, respectively. The dynamic yawing with the assumption of invariable rotor speed overestimated the average torque and underestimated the variation of torque. The continuous decreasing rotor speed made the angle of attack and its fluctuation degree larger. This caused a wide range of the flow separation for the whole blade and large fluctuation of the axial/tangential force load, and it doubled the fluctuation frequency of the aerodynamic load in the blade root region.

Planet Four: Derived South Polar Martian Winds Interpreted Using Mesoscale Modeling

Abstract For the first time, model-derived and imagery-derived wind directions and speeds have been compared in Mars’s south polar region. Seasonal fan-shaped deposits are routinely observed by HiRISE in the polar regions. They are widely accepted to result from CO2 gas jet eruptions. Fan lengths, sizes, and shapes can provide information about wind directions and strengths at the times such eruptions occur. We utilize a catalog of those fan-shaped deposits, marked by citizen scientists within the framework of the Planet Four (P4) project, at 27 regions of interest (ROIs) for two spring seasons (Mars years 29 and 30). Fans change considerably from one HiRISE image to another at most of these ROIs as wind direction changes over the spring season. Leveraging this characteristic, intraseasonal variations in near-surface wind speeds and directions were retrieved and compared to near-surface winds predicted by a mesoscale atmospheric model (MRAMS) at the same ROIs. At most ROIs P4-inferred wind directions are consistent with those from MRAMS. The P4-derived wind speeds are less constrained but are consistent with MRAMS wind speeds at the majority of ROIs. The overall consistency between the P4-inferred and MRAMS wind directions supports the underlying assumption that fan formation is controlled by the wind and is not simply due to ballistic trajectories of material exiting suitably nonvertical vents. Measurements of seasonal fan-shaped deposits in HiRISE imagery can thus provide important intraseasonal information about near-surface winds—invaluable for both validating climate modeling and quantitatively investigating Mars’s polar processes.

Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Near-Surface Wind Environment in the Sahara Desert, North Africa

The Sahara Desert is the largest source of dust on Earth, and has a significant impact on global atmospheric changes. Wind is the main dynamic factor controlling the transport and intensity of dust in the Sahara Desert. This study comprehensively analyzed the spatial and temporal variation in the wind regime of the Sahara Desert from 1980 to 2019 using data from 17 meteorological stations to improve awareness of global atmospheric changes and the intensity of regional aeolian activities. All wind speed parameters decreased from northwest to southeast. While there were significant differences in the trends of temporal variation in wind speed among the different regions, there was an overall decreasing trend across the Sahara Desert, with an average wind speed of 0.09 m s−1 10 a−1. This decrease was closely related to wind frequency. The easterly, westerly, and northerly winds dominated, with more complex wind direction in the northern region. Seasonal differences in wind direction were observed in all regions. The wind direction frequency of wind speeds >6 m s−1 exceeded those with wind speeds <6 m s−1 in the western and northern regions, whereas other regions showed an opposite pattern. The highest drift potential (DP) and resultant drift potential (RDP) were found in the western and northern regions, and during spring and winter. There was a trend of decreasing annual variation in DP and RDP in all regions. The directional variability (RDP/DP) indicated mostly intermediate and high variability in wind direction. Resultant drift direction (RDD) indicated that a mainly southwest wind direction. No apparent trends in temporal variation in RDD and RDP/DP were observed. Total DP was strongly influenced by DP and the magnitude and frequency of strong winds in the prevailing wind direction. No strong correlation between wind regimes and dune types was observed in this desert, indicating the complexity of factors affecting dune morphology.

Feasibility analysis of wind energy potential along the coastline of Pakistan

Wind energy is gaining popularity, especially across the countries with strong and continuous wind currents. Pakistan is bestowed with multiple wind corridors with prospective energy extraction, mainly concentrated along the coastline. This work aims to analyze the effectiveness and feasibility of wind energy potential in Pakistan coastline by choosing four unique zones (Karachi, Ormara, Pasni, and Gawadar) through analysis and demonstration for a 50 MW wind farm. Four years of seasonal data is used for the selected zones, reflecting the wind effectiveness in wind speed, wind density, and wind directions. Computer-based predictive models and artificial neural networks are also implemented to forecast the wind effectiveness, primarily based on the observed wind seasonal data. The wind farm's feasibility is proposed through a comparative evaluation for various turbine designs considering both geographical, installation, operational and financial factors. The factors of energy output, economic feasibility, environmental impact, and fuel-saving are analyzed for multiple locations and turbine designs. Critical observations, data, and findings are presented and discussed in detail for all zones. Zone 1 has a highest capacity factor of 46% followed by 40.4% (Zone 2), 29.3% (Zone 3), 37.5% (Zone 4). The study revealed that Karachi is the best-suited location for a 50 MW wind farm with the highest wind speed and the lowest variation in wind direction annually. It also represented the highest internal rate of return, benefit-to-cost ratio, and annual saving with a minimum payback period (4.5–7.2 years) for various commercially available turbine designs.

Flow field and performance of a vertical-axis wind turbine on model buildings

The placement of a scaled-down Savonius (drag) vertical-axis wind turbine on model buildings is analysed experimentally by the use of turbine performance and flow field measurements in a wind tunnel. The set-up consists of two surface mounted cubes aligned in the flow direction. The turbine is tested at six different streamwise positions – three on each cube. Velocity field measurements are performed with particle image velocimetry along the centreline of the cubes with and without the turbine. The performance at each position is evaluated based on measurements of the produced torque and the rotational speed of the turbine. It is demonstrated that the common practice of estimating wind resources based on the urban flow field without the turbine present is insufficient. The turbine has a substantial influence on the flow field and thus also on the available power. The performance is found to be optimal in the front and centre of the first building with a significant drop-off to the back. This trend is reversed for the downstream building. Holistically, for more generic geometries and varying wind directions, the results suggest the central position on a building is a good compromise.

Assessment of the Wind Energy Potential of Two Burundian Sites

1-year hourly wind speed data from two Burundian stations, namely Bujumbura and Muyinga, have been processed in this work to bring an efficient help for the planning and installation of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) at those localities. Mean seasonal and diurnal variations of wind direction and wind shear exponent have been derived. Two-parameter Weibull probability density functions (PDFs) fitting the observed monthly and annual wind speed relative frequency distributions have been implemented. As shown through three complementary statistical tests, the fitting technique was very satisfactory. A wind resource analysis at 10 m above ground level (AGL) has led to a mean power density at Bujumbura which is almost thirteen fold higher than at Muyinga. The use of the empirical power law to extrapolate wind characteristics at heights from 150 to 350 m AGL has shown that energy potential of hilltops around Muyinga was only suitable for small, individual scale wind energy applications. At the opposite, wind energy potential of ridge-tops and hilltops around Bujumbura has been found suitable for medium and large scale electricity production. For that locality and at those heights, energy outputs and capacity factors (CF or Cf) have been computed for ten selected wind turbines (WTs), together with costs of electricity (COE) using the present value of cost (PVC) method. Amongst those WTs, YDF-1500-87 and S95-2.1 MW have emerged as the best options for installation owing to their highest CF and lowest COE. Moreover, an analysis of those two quantities at monthly basis for YDF-1500-87 WT has led to its best performance in the dry season. Compared to the average present COE of household hydroelectricity consumption, results of this study have evidenced economical feasibility and benefit of WECS setting in selected Burundian sites in order to supplement traditional electricity sources.

Enhanced Chaotic Manta Ray Foraging Algorithm for Function Optimization and Optimal Wind Farm Layout Problem

Manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) algorithm is relatively a novel bio-inspired optimization technique directed to given real-world engineering problems. In this present work, wind turbines layout (WTs) inside a wind farm, is considered as a real nonlinear optimization problem. In spite of the better convergence of MRFO, it gets stuck into local optima for large problems. The chaotic sequences are among the performed techniques used to tackle this shortcoming and improve the global search ability. Therefore, ten chaotic maps have been embedded into MRFO. To affirm the performance of the suggested chaotic approach CMRFO, it was first assessed using the IEEE CEC-2017 benchmark functions. This examination has been systematically compared to eight well-known optimization algorithms and the original MRFO. The non-parametric Wilcoxon statistical analysis significantly demonstrates the superiority of CMRFO as it ranks first in most test suites. Secondly, the MRFO and its best enhanced chaotic version were tested on the complex problem of finding the optimal locations of wind turbines within a wind farm. Besides, The application of the CMRFO to the wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) issue aims to minimize the cost per unit power output, and increase the electrical power engendered by all WTs and wind-farm efficiency. Two representative scenarios of the problem have been dealt with a square-shaped farm installed on an area of 2x2km, including variable wind direction with steady wind speed, and both wind direction and speed are variable. The WFLO outcomes reveal the CMRFO capability to find the optimal locations of WTs, that generate a maximum power for a minimum cost compared to three stochastic approaches and other previous studies. At last, the suggested CMRFO with Singer chaotic sequence has been successfully enhanced by accelerating the convergence, and providing better accuracy to find the global optimum.

Analysis of the Factors Affecting Fine Dust Concentration Before and After COVID-19

This study conducted a comparative analysis of the factors affecting the concentration of fine dust before and after COVID-19. Of these, the dominant factor was CO, and the influence between variables increased even after COVID-19. In the case of PM10, the influence of wind direction and wind speed variables decreased, which is thought to be due to the reduction of westerly-based foreign air pollutants following China’s containment policy. Comparative analysis by season showed that the influence of temperature and humidity was higher in winter. In spring, the influence of wind direction and speed decreased with changes in the westerly wind and the influence of China’s containment policy. In summer and autumn, when the concentration of fine dust is relatively low, the influence of CO after COVID-19 was rather high, indicating that continuous CO management is necessary. Considering the relationship between these air pollutants and the meteorological environment, it is judged that fine dust reduction measures should be implemented.

The explosive, basaltic Katla eruption in 1918, south Iceland, II: Isopach map, ice cap deposition of tephra and layer volume

Due to poor preservation and lack of proximal tephra thickness data, no comprehensive isopach map has existed for the tephra layer from the major eruption of the Katla volcano in 1918. We present such a map obtained by combining existing data on the thickness of the 1918 tephra in soil profiles with newly acquired data from the 590 km² Mýrdalsjökull ice cap which covers the Katla caldera and its outer slopes. A tephra thickness of 20–30 m on the ice surface proximal to the vents is inferred from photos taken in 1919. The greatest thicknesses presently observed, 30–35 cm, occur where the layer outcrops in the lowermost parts of the ablation areas of the Kötlujökull and Sólheimajökull outlet glaciers. A fallout location within the Katla caldera is inferred for the presently exposed tephra in both outlet glaciers, as estimates of balance velocities imply lateral transport since 1918 of ∼15 km for Kötlujökull, ∼11 km for Sólheimajökull and about 2 km for Sléttjökull. Calculations of thinning of the tephra layer during this lateral transport indicate that the presently exposed tephra layers in Kötlujökull and Sólheimajökull were respectively over 2 m and about 1.2 m thick where they fell while insignificant thinning is inferred for the broad northern lobe of Sléttjökull. The K1918 layer has an estimated volume of 0.95±0.25 km³ (corresponding to 1.15±0.30×1012 kg) whereof about 50\% fell on Mýrdalsjökull. About 90\% of the tephra fell on land and 10\% in the sea to the south and southeast of the volcano. The volume estimate obtained contains only a part of the total volume erupted as it excludes water-transported pyroclasts and any material that may have been left on the glacier bed at the vents. While three main dispersal axes can be defined (N, NE and SE), the distribution map is complex in shape reflecting tephra dispersal over a period of variable wind directions and eruption intensity. In terms of airborne tephra, Katla 1918 is the largest explosive eruption in Iceland since the silicic eruption of Askja in 1875.

The Sparrow Search Algorithm for Optimum Position of Wind Turbine on a Wind Farm

With more Renewable Energy (RE) integration in recent years, Wind farms (WFs) seem to produce more energy from Wind Turbines (WTs). Most WTs in WFs are designed to face a predetermined wind direction; this means that WTs can generate less electricity than they need due to the intermittent nature of the wind. Due to the non-linear nature of wind energy, optimization techniques are critical for successfully building a wind farm. This process involves performing layout optimization techniques using soft computing. WFs have a construction configuration with multiple turbines situated near together in a restricted terrain, contributing to higher energy losses due to the wake effects. Therefore, WTs on a WF to enhance the generated energy while meeting all constraints are pretty restrictive and complicated. We utilized the newly developed Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) to determine the most effective technique for the optimal positioning of WTs in WF. We can obtain the high efficiency of the WTs at the lowest possible level of turbine output. This article examined two case studies: the first one is a Constant Wind Speed (CWS) with Variable Wind Direction (VWD); the second one is a Variable Wind Speed (VWS) with Variable Wind Direction (VWD). It was determined how well the proposed method performed compared to the bulk of prior research that dealt with the same problem. Consequently, SSA is an effective technique for determining the WT position allocation problem to achieve the optimum position.

Fatigue lifespan assessment of stay cables by a refined joint probability density model of wind speed and direction

Stay cables are crucial load-bearing components of long-span cable-stayed bridges. Because they are sensitive to wind, the wind load is an important control load in their safety and fatigue evaluation. To consider the effects of variations in the wind speed and direction, a joint probability density model of wind speed and direction is proposed for evaluating the fatigue lifespan of a stay cable. For this purpose, an angular–linear model is introduced to coordinate the marginal distribution of wind speed and direction. The marginal distribution of wind speed comprises a Gumbel model, while that of the direction comprises a refined mixture of a von Mises distribution model. Subsequently, based on the dynamic simulation of a coupled wind–vehicle–bridge system, an assessment method for fatigue lifespan is developed by considering the variation of traffic flow with four load levels and variations in wind speed and direction. The results indicate that the refined angular–linear distribution model yields considerable fitting results for the measured data with respect to the wind speed and direction. Although the response and fatigue damage of a stay cable mainly depend on its length and location, the effect of the direction variation of the wind load is also not negligible. Additionally, the results from the assessment method show that the fatigue lifespan of a stay cable on the windward side of the local prevailing wind direction is relatively shorter than that of the leeward side.

Improved summer daily and sub-daily precipitation over Eastern China in convection-permitting simulations

Based on the long-term (1998–2007) regional climate simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with three different horizontal resolutions (36 km, 12 km and 4 km), this work examines the improvement of convection-permitting regional climate model (CP RCM) in simulating the daily and sub-daily precipitation over eastern China. CP RCM produces more reliable mean precipitation and more realistic wet day frequency as well as better low-level wind and moisture than those in the convection-parameterized counterpart. Due to the more realistic surface heterogeneities, CP RCM distinctly improves the representation of hourly precipitation by increasing the occurrence of high-intensity precipitation compared to the 36-km and 12-km simulations, especially over areas with complex topography. Moreover, the improvement of diurnal variation of low-level wind direction and moisture convergence also coincides with the more reasonable diurnal amplitude and nocturnal precipitation in CP RCM as compared to the 12-km and 36-km simulations. Because of the better depiction of convection and its interaction with large-scale motions, CP RCM has a clear advantage in reproducing low-level wind and moisture, which lead to the better reproduced sub-daily precipitation. This study provides greater confidence in the projection of future climate change using CP RCM.

Results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant: investigating the wind speed dependence of wake-steering performance

Abstract. Wake steering is a wind farm control strategy in which upstream wind turbines are misaligned with the wind to redirect their wakes away from downstream turbines, thereby increasing the net wind plant power production and reducing fatigue loads generated by wake turbulence. In this paper, we present results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant involving two wind turbines spaced 3.7 rotor diameters apart. During the 3-month experiment period, we estimate that wake steering reduced wake losses by 5.6 % for the wind direction sector investigated. After applying a long-term correction based on the site wind rose, the reduction in wake losses increases to 9.3 %. As a function of wind speed, we find large energy improvements near cut-in wind speed, where wake steering can prevent the downstream wind turbine from shutting down. Yet for wind speeds between 6–8 m/s, we observe little change in performance with wake steering. However, wake steering was found to improve energy production significantly for below-rated wind speeds from 8–12 m/s. By measuring the relationship between yaw misalignment and power production using a nacelle lidar, we attribute much of the improvement in wake-steering performance at higher wind speeds to a significant reduction in the power loss of the upstream turbine as wind speed increases. Additionally, we find higher wind direction variability at lower wind speeds, which contributes to poor performance in the 6–8 m/s wind speed bin because of slow yaw controller dynamics. Further, we compare the measured performance of wake steering to predictions using the FLORIS (FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State) wind farm control tool coupled with a wind direction variability model. Although the achieved yaw offsets at the upstream wind turbine fall short of the intended yaw offsets, we find that they are predicted well by the wind direction variability model. When incorporating the expected yaw offsets, estimates of the energy improvement from wake steering using FLORIS closely match the experimental results.

Impact of wind direction on wind energy potential for building- integrated ducted wind turbines: a numerical analysis

The aerodynamic performance of building-integrated ducted wind turbines depends on several parameters such as the duct geometry, variation in wind speed and direction (which are inherent characteristics of the urban wind). This study focuses on the impact of wind direction on wind energy potential of a previously optimized building-integrated duct geometry [1], embedded in a generic isolated high-rise building. The mean power density at the duct throat (where the turbine can be installed) is investigated in four wind directions of θ = 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°. High-fidelity steady RANS simulations, validated with experimental data, are used. The results show that the studied duct can increase the mean power density at its throat (i.e. rotor plane) up to 7.08 – 24.8 times that of the freestream flow at the same height for a wide range of -60° ⩽ 0 ⩽ 60°. The variation of wind energy potential in different wind directions is shown to be due to the increased size of the nozzle stagnation and separation regions for θ > 0° which limit the nozzle effective area and lower flowrate through the throat. Flow deviation from the duct central axis towards its walls further depletes the wind energy in friction.

Interannual Variability of the Lena River Plume Propagation in 1993–2020 during the Ice-Free Period on the Base of Satellite Salinity, Temperature, and Altimetry Measurements

The Lena River plume significantly affects the thermohaline, optical and chemical properties of the eastern Arctic seas. We use sea surface salinity (SSS), temperature (SST), and altimetry measurements to study features of the Lena plume propagation during 1993–2020. A comparison of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SSS measurements with in situ data obtained using the flow-through system in oceanographic surveys in 2018–2019 demonstrates good coincidence with correlation ~ 0.96 and RMSD ~ 1 psu. The SMAP data were used to reconstruct the plume evolution in 2015–2020 and to identify three main types of Lena plume propagation, which are mainly related to the variability of dominant zonal wind direction: «northern»—the plume moves to the north from the delta up to 78° N; «eastern»—the plume moves eastward along the Siberian coast up to 180° E; «mixed» between two main types. Brackish plume waters were characterized by increased temperature and sea level, which provides the opportunity for studying the Lena plume dynamics using satellite altimetry and infrared measurements. These data were analyzed to study the interannual variability of plume propagation during the ice-free period of 1993–2020. The obtained results show that the «northern» type is observed twice more often than the «eastern» one, but the «eastern» type has intensified since 2010.

Research on Wind Field Characteristics Measured by Lidar in a U-Shaped Valley at a Bridge Site

Currently, research on wind fields of U-shaped valleys is rarely reported, and anemometers or wind observation towers are usually used for field measurement, but the measured position is limited and the cost is high. In order to study the wind characteristics in a mountainous U-shaped valley, a long-range, all-weather, high-precision Wind3D 6000 lidar was placed at a bridge site located in a U-shaped valley. Then, according to the data effective ratio and wind speed, nearly 6 months of original data ranging from 0 m to 810 m were analyzed statistically. It was found that the spatio-temporal distribution of wind speed and direction is obviously not uniform, and the wind parameters are correlated among different virtual wind towers (VWTs). By classification, the effective data of midspan position is taken as the research object, and the wind speed profile is divided into three categories. Type-1 shows disorderly characteristics; Type-2 shows a linear relationship; and Type-3 shows a nonlinear relationship. The wind direction is consistent with the main wind direction at the bridge site and the average wind direction of different VWTs has a high consistency. The concept of wind-direction deflection rate is put forward to describe the variation of wind direction with height. These measured wind parameters could be used as a reference for bridge wind-resistant design.

PIV measurements over a double bladed Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine: A validation benchmark

Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are very attractive for in-home power generation since they can be adopted even at low wind speeds and highly variable wind direction. Even if significant experimental research activity has been carried out to improve VAWTs performance, the ability to accurately reproduce flow field characteristics around turbine blades by CFD (computational fluid dynamics) techniques represents a powerful approach to further enhance wind turbines performance. Thanks to CFD, in fact, it is possible to reproduce flow characteristics with a detail level impossible to achieve by experiments. Nevertheless, in order to appropriately analyze the flow structure by CFD application, an accurate validation is essential, and high-quality measurements of some main flow characteristics are required. In recent publications the authors investigated, both experimentally and numerically, the performance of an innovative double bladed Darrieus-type VAWT, with the aim to define an optimal configuration also focusing on self-starting ability of the prototype by employing CFD technique. Nevertheless, comparison between experiments and numerical results was made only in terms of power and torque coefficients. To overcome such limitation, in this paper the authors propose an experimental benchmark case for CFD results validation, describing detailed flow field in correspondence of one pair of blades of the innovative Darrieus-type VAWT in static conditions. Measurements were performed employing Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique on a scaled model of the turbine blades realized by 3D printing. An uncertainty analysis was also performed which showed a high accuracy of the obtained experimental results. The measurements of the main flow characteristics (bi-dimensional velocity components) were then used for a test case CFD validation of two different turbulence models.

Measuring potential coastal sailing mobility with the loose-footed square sail

Measures of potential sailing mobility are essential for understanding the functioning of ancient maritime links. This requires measuring potential sailing mobility of coastal sailing runs, as well as direct passages in the open sea. Quantitative works attempting to measure potential sailing mobility have shortcomings related to the use of averaged wind data, thereby losing knowledge of wind variability; non-inclusion of the human factors impacting mobility; and not using methods of measuring coastal sailing. The method presented here was developed to measure potential sailing mobility of coastal sailing runs, based on using the patterns of hourly wind direction and speed variability – and specifically the coastal breeze cycle. The effects of wind variability on sailing mobility are extracted from a large dataset of data at high spatiotemporal resolution, by employing millions of sailing simulations which enable developing meaningful information from big data. This method has demonstrated its applicability to measuring coastal sailing mobility in several developmental case studies in the eastern Mediterranean, introducing realistic measures of mobility that include coefficients of mobility and of time spent waiting for favourable winds. Complementing a previously developed method to measure potential sailing mobility on direct open-sea passages, this new method can now provide a comprehensive toolkit for mapping potential sailing mobility. Such mapping is a valuable input to research on maritime networks and maritime-related developments.