Self-esteem Variables Research Articles

Bully victimization and self-esteem among students with communication disorders

BackgroundBullying is a universal problem among school-aged adolescents, characterized by recurrent and destructive behavior toward peers. Bullying victimization has a strong impact on self-esteem. Students diagnosed with communication disorders are more likely to experience low self-esteem. The study’s main goal is to detect a correlation between victimization and self-esteem in teenage students diagnosed with communication disorders.MethodsFrom October 2023 to March 2024, we conducted this cross-sectional study in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The study included 150 teenage students of both genders diagnosed with communication disorders. Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale was used to measure self-esteem, and the multidimensional peer victimization scale was used to measure bullying victimization. We analyzed the data using independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and simple linear regression analysis.ResultsThis study found that students with communication disorders experience high levels of bullying victimization (M = 18.63) and report low self-esteem (M = 13.56). A significant negative correlation was observed between bullying victimization and self-esteem (r2 = 0.21), indicating that bullying accounts for 21% of the variance in self-esteem. Male students were more likely to experience higher levels of bullying victimization and lower self-esteem compared to female students.ConclusionThe study determined the severe impact of bullying on the self-esteem of adolescent students with communication disorders, particularly among males and those with stuttering. The long-term effects of bullying and potential protective factors that could mitigate its impact on self-esteem require further research.

Dental Aesthetics and Self-Esteem of Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment.

(1) Objective: This study aimed to investigate how patients' perceptions of their dental aesthetics and their sense of self-esteem are related. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 141 new patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Patients completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of three parts: the Malaysian Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES-M), and Aesthetics Component of the Index of Orthodontics Treatment Need (IOTN-AC). Clinical assessment comprised the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontics Treatment Need (IOTN-DHC). Multiple linear regression was performed, with self-esteem as the dependent variable, while the independent variables comprised the domains of PIDAQ; IOTN-AC; IOTN-DHC; and patients' demographics, such as age, gender, and their level of education. (3) Results: The response rate was 96.5% (n = 136 respondents). The multiple linear regression found that, when the other predictors in the model are held constant, Social Impact, Aesthetic Concern, and Dental Self-Confidence are the factors that significantly contributed to explaining the variation in self-esteem, accounting for, 3.9%, 2.3%, and 2.0%, respectively. The entire model explained 23% of the variation in self-esteem. (4) Conclusions: Domains of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics act as predictors of self-esteem in orthodontic treatment-seeking patients.

Predictors of Recovery Capital in Alcoholics Anonymous Members

ABSTRACT Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a mutual aid program where social processes help individuals maintain recovery. This study aimed to gain insight into attachment characteristics that support the social processes in AA. AA member participants (N = 113), from a publicly available data set, were examined to identify predictors of increased recovery capital (RC), utilizing the independent variables of attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and self-esteem. Results from a multiple linear regression revealed a positive, strong, significant relationship between RC and self-esteem; a negative, moderate, significant relationship between RC and attachment avoidance; and no significant relationship between RC and attachment anxiety.

The Influence of Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Optimism on Resilience of High School Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Resilience is an important thing that adolescents should have in dealing with changes during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of social support, self-esteem, and optimism on high school student resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research design used is explanatory with voluntary sampling techniques and involves 193 high school students in the Kebumen regency, data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential analysis used SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The results showed that children get the highest social support from parents and the lowest from teachers. In addition, the largest proportion of students have moderate self-esteem and resilience. However, the largest proportion for optimism is in a low category. The results also showed a very significant positive relationship between social support, self-esteem, and optimism with high school students' resilience. The other result also shows that high school students' resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic was directly affected by self-esteem and optimism. Variables of social support, self-esteem, optimism, adolescent and family characteristics are important aspects in improving the resilience of high school students during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Psychometric properties of a Mandarin Chinese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 among Chinese adolescents

In the present study, we explored the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2 among adolescents residing in the Chinese mainland. Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 (N = 790; 396 girls, 394 boys) supported the unidimensionality of the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2 among Chinese adolescents. Internal consistency reliability was upheld via McDonald’s omega. Convergent validity was supported by its moderate-to-strong relationships with body satisfaction, functionality satisfaction, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect, while its small-to-moderate correlation with social desirability provided somewhat weaker discriminant validity support. Criterion-related validity was upheld by its inverse correlation with eating disorder symptomatology and positive correlation with intuitive eating. It explained unique variance in self-esteem (for girls and boys), eating disorder symptomatology (for girls), and intuitive eating (for boys) beyond age, body satisfaction, and functionality satisfaction, providing incremental validity evidence. A subsample of 134 girls and 114 boys completed the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2 again after three months, and test-retest reliability was upheld. The confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2 (N = 337; 192 girls, 145 boys) replicated the unidimensional structure and supported measurement invariance across gender. Collectively, the present study supported the unidimensionality, reliability, and validity of the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2′s scores among Chinese adolescents.

Self-Esteem, Self-Concept and Academic Performance in Middle-School Students According to their Sport Context

Introduction: Academic performance is favored in students who practice sports with body contact and develops an increasing value in self-concept when a comparison is established with those who don’t are engaged in sports without body contact. Methods: This study aimed to analyze and relate variables of self-concept, self-esteem and other variables such as aerobic capacity (VO2 max), handgrip strength and academic achievement, within the modalities that they practiced, with and without body contact. 132 middle-school students between 10 and 11 years old (69 boys and 63 girls) who attended the 5th and 6th grades participated. Results: It was found a mean level of behavior, physical appearance, school competence, social acceptance and higher academic performance in the group without body contact. A T-test was applied on self-concept variables, self-esteem, aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and academic performance, and the Mann-Whitney test on physical appearance variables and handgrip strength, finding only differences in the behavior variable, with a value of α = 0.014. A linear regression analysis was also presented in order to identify the best predictors of academic performance Conclusions: The practice of sports with body contact promotes a significant increase in behavior levels, compared to students without body contact, however the practice of this type of sports doesn’t show higher levels of self-esteem and academic performance, once compared to other students practicing sports without body contact. The best predictors identified were global self-concept, school competence and aerobic capacity.

Spanish adaptation of the Stillbirth Stigma Scale (SSS)

The death of a baby in the perinatal period is considered a disenfranchized grief that can be a source of significant symptoms of guilt, shame, and stigma. There is a lack of validated instruments for assessing the stigma associated with perinatal grief. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties (factor structure, reliability, and validity) of the Spanish version of the Stillbirth Stigma Scale (SSS) in parents who have experienced a perinatal loss. A total of 291 participants (mostly mothers) completed an online questionnaire that included the SSS and other measures. The best-fitting factor structure was a second-order model with four dimensions and adequate reliability values. In terms of validity, we found statistically significant relationships between the SSS scores and the variables of self-esteem, complicated grief, event centrality, depression, and anxiety. In conclusion, the Spanish adaptation of the SSS is deemed to have adequate psychometric properties.

Implicit self-esteem and self-esteem discrepancy predict sensitivity to perceive dynamic facial expressions

The current study examined the relationship between Explicit Self-Esteem (ESE), Implicit Self-Esteem (ISE), and the size of discrepancy between them (SEDS) in relation to sensitivity to emotional facial cues signifying acceptance (happy facial expressions), rejection (angry and disgusted facial expressions), and fear. The results reveal a significant association between ISE and sensitivity to negative emotions, with the SEDS significantly predicting rejection cue sensitivity. Moreover, higher scores in psychological wellbeing were observed in individuals with higher ESE, higher ISE, and smaller ESE-ISE discrepancies. These findings not only support the sociometer theory, but also highlight the complex relationship between self-esteem dimensions, emotional sensitivity, and psychological wellbeing, highlighting the need for a more integrative approach in self-esteem research.

Nexus Between Body Image Perception, BMI, and Self-Esteem Among Indian Young Adults: A Quantitative Analysis

This study investigates the relationship between BMI, self-esteem and body image perceptions among young adults in India, with a focus on gender differences. Using a crosssectional correlational methodology, data were collected from 101 participants from undergraduate University students in Andhra Pradesh, employing the “Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire” (MBSRQ) and the “Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale” (RSES). Descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, and regression analysis were used to examine the variables' associations. The results revealed a positive correlation between BMI and body image perceptions, particularly in subscales of Fitness Evaluation and SelfClassified Weight. However, the overall relationship between self-esteem and body image was weak, suggesting a limited impact of body image on self-esteem in this population. The regression model explained 13% of the variance in self-esteem, with Fitness Orientation emerging as a significant predictor. Contrary to expectations, there were no significant gender differences found in self-esteem or body image satisfaction. These findings highlight the influence of societal shifts towards body positivity and inclusivity in reducing the impact of body image concerns on self-esteem. The study underscores the need for promoting physical fitness and challenging traditional beauty standards to foster self-acceptance and well-being among Indian young adults.

SELF ESTEEM REMAJA PENGGUNA INSTAGRAM DITINJAU DARI BODY IMAGE DAN SOCIAL COMPARISON SEBAGAI MODERATOR

Instagram is a visual-based platform that is popular among teenagers. Beauty standards on Instagram have an impact on users' body image. Dissatisfaction with body image causes individuals to make social comparisons which can reduce self-esteem. The higher the level of comparison, the greater the impact of body image on self-esteem. This study aims to determine the influence of social comparison, body image, and self-esteem variables. This research uses a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional correlational design. The population of this study was 155 with the characteristics of active Instagram users, aged 12-19 years, and domiciled in Surabaya, using convenience sampling data collection techniques. Findings reveal that body image influences adolescents' self-esteem (F = 48.576 p < .001). However, social comparison has no effect in moderating body image on increasing or decreasing self-esteem. Research findings show that Instagram is a platform for adolescents to seek feedback and shape their body image through social comparison with existing content, thus influencing individual self-esteem.

CONTROL BELIEFS MEDIATED BY SELF-OBJECTIFICATION IN RELATION TO ADULT WOMEN’S SELF-ESTEEM

Abstract Beliefs about mastery of one’s environment as well as constraints on one’s personal control are predictive of well-being across mid-life and older adulthood. In addition, women’s level of self-objectification is predictive of well-being in early adulthood, but less is known about the role of self-objectification and well-being for mid-life or older women. This study investigated the role of control beliefs (mastery and constraints) and self-objectification in their relationship to the self-esteem of a sample of adult women (rage 48-90, Mean age = 67.83 years). We found that, compared to the mid-life women, older adult women reported higher self-esteem as well as lower constraints and self-objectification, but no age group differences in mastery beliefs. Further, using Hayes’ PROCESS model 4 we show that both mastery and constraints beliefs are mediated in their relationship with women’s self-esteem through self-objectification (R2 = .47 for the model with Mastery and R2= .37 for the model with constraints). Higher mastery predicted lower self-objectification, which, in turn, predicted higher self-esteem, while higher constraints predicted higher self-objectification and lower self-esteem. Additional analyses revealed that age remained a significant independent variable of self-esteem and was not mediated by control beliefs or self-objectification. Results are discussed in light of positive aging and objectification theory.

I have self-compassion so I feel sexy! Sexual satisfaction and self-compassion effects on self-esteem and body esteem

Body esteem, self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction influence people’s well-being so it is important to look for psychological factors that may contribute to their improvement. However, men and women differ in the factors that affect their body esteem, self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction. We analyzed links between men’s and women’s self-esteem, body esteem, sexual satisfaction, and self-compassion. The research involved 716 heterosexual participants (365 men and 351 women). All measured variables correlated positively; however, some correlations were stronger among women than among men. Mediation analyses revealed that sexual satisfaction directly affected women's body esteem but did not directly affect men's body esteem. Self-compassion and sexual satisfaction explained more variance in self-esteem and body esteem among women than among men. We explained observed differences in the contexts of the self-perception theory and the objectification theory.

Creativity as a Positive Factor in the Adolescence Stage: Relations with Academic Performance, Stress and Self-Esteem.

Creativity is a construct that aids in conflict resolution. Through the development of creative skills in adolescence, young people can carry out a series of strategies to make decisions or respond to a problem. The possession of creative skills helps students' personal wellbeing. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationships established between creativity and other individual variables such as academic performance, self-esteem and stress in adolescent students. The following descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a total sample of 743 adolescent students, between 14 and 19 years of age, from different educational centers in the province of Almería (Spain). The results obtained indicate a positive correlation between creativity and self-esteem and significant differences in the level of creativity among students who have repeated an academic year. Regression analyses indicate that both stress and creativity are two predictor variables of self-esteem. On the other hand, another of the findings obtained is that creativity acts as a mediating variable between self-esteem and repeating an academic year. It is discussed how creativity is a beneficial element in adolescence and, therefore, how its promotion can help the optimal development of adolescent students.

Pengaruh Catcalling terhadap Self Esteem pada Mahasiswi

Self-esteem is an individual's evaluation in assessing or viewing himself regarding his abilities. One of the things that can cause self-esteem to decrease is catcalling behavior. Catcalling is the expression of sexually oriented words aimed at the victim using verbal and non-verbal expressions which often occurs in public places. This research aims to determine the effect of catcalling on self-esteem among female students in Jember Regency, and the impact experienced by victims is that they will always feel like they are blaming themselves, lack of self-confidence, low self-esteem. The subjects of this research are students from UNMUH Jember, UNEJ, POLIJE, and UIN KHAS In Jember, 348 people have experienced catcalling behavior in the last year. This research uses quantitative methods. Researchers used the Issac table formula to determine the sample size. The data analysis methods used in this research are validity test, reliability test, linearity test, and regression analysis test. The scale used in this research is the result of modifications using the Street Harassment Scale and the Self Esteem Scale. The results of this research show that the calculated F value is 0.163 > 0.0028 and the significance value is 0.686 > 0.05, which means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is no significant influence between the catcalling variable and the self-esteem variable. For an R Square value of 0.000. This means that the catcalling variable has an influence of 0% on the self-esteem variable or it could be said that the catcalling variable has no influence on the self-esteem variable. This means that there are other variables that may influence self-esteem.

Psychological flow and its Relationship to self-esteem among employees of youth and sports ‎centers in Kirkuk governorate

The current research aims to: - Identifying the correlation between psychological flow and self-esteem among the affiliates in youth and sports centers in Kirkuk governorate.The researchers assume the following:- There is a significant correlation between psychological flow and self-esteem among the affiliates in youth and sports centers in Kirkuk governorate.The researchers used the descriptive approach in the correlative method for its suitability and the nature of the current research.The research community included the employees of the youth and sports centers in Kirkuk governorate 2021/2022, whose number is (92) in the directorates of youth and sports in the governorate of Kirkuk. 67) affiliates, after excluding the stability and exploratory experience sample of (20) affiliates, and excluding (4) incomplete answers, thus the proportion of the research sample reached (72.82%) of the total research community.The researchers used the following methods to reach the research results:Psychometric flowmeter.Self-esteem scale for athletes.And that is after verifying the scientific transactions of the two scales of validity, reliability and validity of their application on the current research sample. The researchers concluded the following: The two variables of psychological flow and self-esteem affect each other in a positive and direct way and are associated with their appearance among the affiliates in the youth and sports centers in Kirkuk governorate. The researchers recommend the following: - Enhancing the self-esteem of the affiliates constantly as it raises the degree of their athlete commitment and thus affects their achievement and performance during the performance of their job duties in the Directorate

Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem and Empathy in the Relation Between Mindfulness and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Adolescents: A Longitudinal Perspective

ABSTRACT Prior research has documented that mindfulness is negatively associated with aggressive behaviors. Recently, studies have examined mediating psychological constructs that account for the relationships between mindfulness and cyberbullying perpetration. The purpose of the current study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between mindfulness and cyberbullying behaviors through the mediating variables of self-esteem and empathy. This study used a two-wave longitudinal design. The final sample consisted of 661 Chinese junior high school students. Participants completed four self-report questionnaires including mindfulness, self-esteem, empathy, and cyberbullying perpetration. Structural equation modeling revealed that mindfulness was significantly related to cyberbullying perpetration over time. Self-esteem and empathy significantly mediated the relationship between mindfulness and cyberbullying. Future research may focus on the potential mechanisms linking mindfulness and other protective factors with cyberbullying perpetration to facilitate the development and use of cyberbullying interventions.

An Investigation of the Relationship among High School Students' Self-Regulation, Free Time Management, and Self-Esteem

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-regulation, free time management, and self-esteem variables among high school students. The research sample consisted of 193 girls and 276 boys, totaling 469 students studying in different types of high schools. The Personal Information Form, the Adolescent Self-Regulatory Inventory, the Free Time Management Scale, and the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale were used to collect data. Independent samples t-test analysis was conducted to compare the self-regulation, free time management, and self-esteem scores of the students in terms of gender and status of doing sports. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the scores based on grade level, type of high school, and types of leisure time activities. In addition, correlation analysis was conducted to test whether there is a relationship between self-regulation, free time management, and self-esteem scores of the students. The results of the analyses indicated that there was a significant difference in self-regulation scores among the students based on gender, while no significant difference was found in free time management and self-esteem scores. However, significant differences were found in self-regulation, free time management, and self-esteem scores based on the status of doing sports. There was a significant difference in self-regulation scores according to grade level, while no significant differences were found in free time management and self-esteem scores. A significant difference was found in self-regulation and free time management scores based on the type of high school, but no significant difference was found in self-esteem scores. When examined in terms of leisure time activity type, significant differences were found in self-regulation, free time management, and self-esteem scores. The grade point averages of the students showed a negative correlation with their daily average free time, yet a positive correlation with their self-regulation scores. Self-regulation scores were found to be positively related to free time management and self-esteem scores. In conclusion, it is believed that the exploration of the relationships between high school students' grade point averages, free time, self-regulation skills, free time management, and self-esteem scores may play a significant role in helping high school students achieve positive outcomes.

The mediating role of preference for online interactions in the relationship between self-knowledge and problematic use of social networks

The present research investigated the relationships between two self-concept variables (i.e., discrepant self-esteem and low self-concept clarity) and problematic use of social networking sites (SNs). Based on earlier evidence, we expected that these relationships would be mediated by one’s preference for online interactions. A sample of 176 Italian teenagers (71% female, Mage = 16.81 years) completed self-reported questionnaires that assessed their implicit and explicit self-esteem, self-concept clarity, problematic SNs use, and loneliness (to statistically control for its influence). Our hypotheses were supported only in the case of low self-concept clarity, not in the case of discrepant self-esteem. We found problematic SNs use in the case of teens with low self-concept clarity and convergent high self-esteem (i.e., high implicit and high explicit self-esteem), and these relationships were mediated by the preference for online interactions. These results suggest that the preference for online interactions is an important mediator variable that should be considered as a change mechanism in the relationships between self-concept variables and problematic SNs usage.

Daily aggression domains differentially relate to daily affect and self-esteem.

How do daily fluctuations in aggression relate to daily variability in affect and self-esteem? Although research has examined how trait aggression relates to affect and self-esteem, state aggression has received little attention. To this end, we had 120 US undergraduates participate in a 14-day daily diary study where they responded to state-level measures of aggression, affect, and self-esteem. Crucially, we used multifaceted state measures of both aggression (anger, hostility, verbal aggression, physical aggression) and affect (positive vs. negative, activated vs. deactivated). Multilevel models revealed that daily anger and hostility related positively to daily negative affect and negatively to daily positive affect. Similarly, daily anger and hostility related negatively to daily self-esteem. In contrast, daily verbal and physical aggression were largely unrelated to daily affect and self-esteem; however, unexpectedly, daily physical aggression related positively to daily positive activated affect, but only when controlling for the other daily aggression domains. Overall, daily attitudinal aggression measures-anger and hostility-related to daily affect and self-esteem in theoretically consistent ways, whereas daily behavioral aggression measures-verbal and physical aggression-did not. Our findings support expanding the General Aggression Model to incorporate state-level processes.

The path from mindfulness to self-esteem: self-concept-clarity and cognitive flexibility as mediators

Mindfulness is positively associated with self-esteem, yet little is known about possible mediators underlying this relation. In this study, the role of self-concept clarity and cognitive flexibility is examined as potential mediators. A predominantly female (78.9%) sample (N = 204) with a mean age of 31 years participated in a cross-sectional survey. They completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Self-Concept Clarity Scale, and the Cognitive Flexibility Scale. To examine relations between study variables, a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted, and a parallel mediation model was performed using the Hayes’ process macro. The regression analysis explained 56% of variance in self-esteem, and all study variables were significant predictors, with self-concept clarity as the strongest predictor. The results found support for partial mediation, with self-concept clarity exhibiting a strong association with self-esteem (β = 0.47). The effect of cognitive flexibility was weaker but significant (β = 0.16). Self-concept clarity and cognitive flexibility partially explained the path from dispositional mindfulness to self-esteem. This could indicate an explanatory role of these two factors, and suggests possible processes by which mindfulness may enhance self-esteem.