Variations In Molecular Structure Research Articles

Organic Cathode with Dual-Type Multielectron Reaction Centers for High-Energy-Density Lithium Primary Batteries.

Organic electrode materials are composed of abundant elements, have diverse and designable molecular structures, and are relatively easily synthesized, promising a bright future for low-cost and large-scale energy storage. However, they are facing low specific capacity and low energy density. Herein, we report a high-energy-density organic electrode material, 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone, which is composed of two kinds of electrochemically active sites of nitro and carbonyl groups. They experience six- and four-electron reduction and are transformed into amine and methylene groups, respectively, in the presence of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in the electrolyte. Drastically increased specific capacity and energy density are demonstrated with an ultrahigh specific capacity of 1321 mAh g-1 and a high voltage of ∼2.62 V, corresponding to a high energy density of 3400 Wh kg-1. This surpasses the electrode materials in commercial lithium batteries. Our findings provide an effective strategy to design high-energy-density and novel lithium primary battery systems.

An in vitro analysis of the hemostatic efficacy of fibrinogen precipitation with varied keratin fraction compositions

In preclinical studies, human hair has demonstrated effective hemostatic properties, potentially attributed to keratin proteins facilitating rapid conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation. However, the rational use of human hair keratin for hemostasis remains unclear, given its complex mixture of proteins with diverse molecular weights and structures, leading to variable hemostatic capacity. To optimize the rational utilization of human hair keratin for hemostasis, we investigated the effects of different keratin fractions on keratin-mediated fibrinogen precipitation using a fibrin generation assay. Our study focused on high molecular weight keratin intermediate filaments (KIFs) and lower molecular weight keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) combined in various ratios during the fibrin generation. Scanning electron microscope analysis of the precipitates revealed a filamentous pattern with a broad distribution of fiber diameters, likely due to the diversity of keratin mixtures involved. An equal proportion of KIFs and KAPs in the mixture yielded the most extensive precipitation of soluble fibrinogen in an in vitro study, potentially due to structure-induced exposure of active sites. However, all hair protein samples exhibited diverse catalytic behaviors compared to thrombin, highlighting the potential of utilizing specific hair fractions to develop hair protein-based hemostatic materials with optimized capacity.

Diverse Molecular Structures across the Whole Star-forming Disk of M83: High-fidelity Imaging at 40 pc Resolution

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) imaging of molecular gas across the full star-forming disk of the barred spiral galaxy M83 in CO(J = 1–0). We jointly deconvolve the data from ALMA’s 12 m, 7 m, and Total Power arrays using the MIRIAD package. The data have a mass sensitivity and resolution of 104 M ⊙ (3σ) and 40 pc—sufficient to detect and resolve a typical molecular cloud in the Milky Way with a mass and diameter of 4 × 105 M ⊙ and 40 pc, respectively. The full disk coverage shows that the characteristics of molecular gas change radially from the center to outer disk, with the locally measured brightness temperature, velocity dispersion, and integrated intensity (surface density) decreasing outward. The molecular gas distribution shows coherent large-scale structures in the inner part, including the central concentration, offset ridges along the bar, and prominent molecular spiral arms. However, while the arms are still present in the outer disk, they appear less spatially coherent, and even flocculent. Massive filamentary gas concentrations are abundant even in the interarm regions. Building up these structures in the interarm regions would require a very long time (≳100 Myr). Instead, they must have formed within stellar spiral arms and been released into the interarm regions. For such structures to survive through the dynamical processes, the lifetimes of these structures and their constituent molecules and molecular clouds must be long (≳100 Myr). These interarm structures host little or no star formation traced by Hα. The new map also shows extended CO emission, which likely represents an ensemble of unresolved molecular clouds.

Interfacial dilational rheological behaviors of N-acyl amino acid surfactants: effects of amino acid residues

Amino acid surfactants have attracted increasing interest in recent years. As biological raw materials, amino acids have diverse molecular structures, which grant the derived surfactants various properties. Herein, the effects of N-methyl and polar, nonpolar, and aromatic α-substituents of amino acids on the interfacial behaviors of amino acid surfactants were systematically studied using interfacial dilational rheological experiments. The amide groups in the glycinate surfactant formed hydrogen bonds, which enhanced the intermolecular interactions. In comparison, an extra N-methyl group in sarcosinate surfactants prevented intermolecular hydrogen bonding and thus decreased the interfacial dilational modulus. The nonpolar α-substituents of alaninate and valinate surfactants enhanced the tendency of surfactant molecules to adsorb to the interface, but caused steric repulsion for hydrogen bond formation, which decreased the dilational modulus but promoted the relaxation processes. The polar α-substituents of serinate and threoninate surfactants enhanced the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and slowed down relaxation processes. The aromatic α-substituent in phenylalanate surfactant improved its interfacial activity. Moreover, the phenyl enhanced the intermolecular interactions through NH-π and π-π interactions. As a result, the interfacial dilational modulus was significantly enhanced. The systematic study of the relationship between amino acid structure and the interfacial behaviors of surfactants provides the research basis for the development and application of N-acyl amino acid surfactants.

5-(1-(4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione

Multicomponent reactions have been demonstrated as a promising tool for the creation of diverse molecular structures with enhanced efficiency, reduced waste, and a high atom economy. Arylglyoxal monohydrates with two different carbonyl groups are well known as worthwhile synthons in organic synthesis. 2-Pyrone and pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of key intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry as well as in medicinal chemistry. A simple and efficient tandem Knoevenagel–Michael protocol for the synthesis of the previously unknown 5-(1-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-1,3-dimet-hylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione was elaborated. The suggested method is based on the multicomponent reaction of phenylglyoxal hydrate, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one. The structure of the synthesized compound was proven by 1H, 13C-NMR, and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. A procedure for predicting the possible types of its biological activity was carried out for the title compound.

On the Biochemistry and Biophysics of Living Cell Formation.

A description is given of a sequence of events which would have led to the appearance of the organic compounds and living cells present on Earth, one of which is human cells. The evolutionary events involved are proposed as having taken place in phosphate ion-dominated aqueous pools formed in regions associated with volcanoes. The mechanism involved the unique molecular structure variations and chemical properties of polyphosphoric acid and compounds of this acid producing urea as the first organic compound formed on Earth and derivatives of urea giving rise to DNA and RNA. The occurrence of the process in present times is considered possible.

Thermodynamic properties analysis of warm-mix recycled asphalt binders using molecular dynamics simulation

This study aims at investigating the effect of warm-mix recycled on the thermodynamic properties of aged asphalt binders using molecular dynamics simulation. The molecular models of asphalt binders in the virgin, long-term aged, recycled and warm-mix recycled states were developed based on the proportional relationships between the asphalt components as well as oxidation functional indicators. The mean square displacement, molecular radial distribution function and fractional free volume were used to evaluate the molecular structure variations in different asphalt states. Based on this study, it is found that the composite regenerator cannot completely degrade the oxidation functional groups in the aged asphalt, but rather mainly rely on small molecular structures penetrating and filling the intermolecular aggregation spaces of the asphaltene to reduce asphalt brittleness and hardness. The warm mix recycling processes mainly depend on increasing the activity of the lighter components to improve the diffusion properties of the aged asphalt.

Those That Remain: Sorption/Desorption Behaviour and Kinetics of the Neonicotinoids Still in Use

In January 2023, the derogation loophole was closed on "emergency authorisations" for the use of three out of five neonicotinoids in all EU states. In this study, we analysed the sorption/desorption behaviour and kinetic parameters of acetamiprid and thiacloprid, the two neonicotinoids that are still approved for use, either regularly or under emergency authorisations in the EU, and widely used worldwide. Sorption and desorption curves in four soils with different organic matter content were analysed using four kinetic models, namely, Lagergren's pseudo first-order model, two-site model (TSM), Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion model and Elovich's model. Kinetic parameters were correlated to soil physico-chemical characteristics. To determine the mutual influence of soil characteristics and sorption/desorption parameters in the analysed soils, a factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Even though the two insecticides are very similar in size and chemical structure, the results showed different sorption/desorption kinetics. The model that best fits the experimental data was TSM. Thiacloprid showed a more rapid sorption compared to acetamiprid, and, in all soils, a higher proportion sorbed at equilibrium. Intra-particle diffusion seemed to be a relevant process in acetamiprid sorption, but not for thiacloprid. Desorption results showed that acetamiprid is more easily and more thoroughly desorbed than thiacloprid, in all soils. The kinetic behaviour differences stem from variations in molecular structure, causing disparate water solubility, lipophilicity, and acid-base properties.

Prognosis of Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease in the Function of the Retina and Secondary Molecular Structure Variation of the Retina and Brain.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most serious neurodegenerative diseases in the globe. As a result, there is an acute need to discover indications that allow for early disease detection. There is growing scientific data showing the similarities between the eye and other central nervous system components, suggesting that information obtained in ophthalmic research might be valuable in the study and diagnosis of AD. Fifty male albino Wistar rats were separated into five groups: the first group served as control, and the other four groups of animals were administrated aluminium chloride (AlCl3) in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively. Insights into the function of the retina by electroretinogram (ERG) and the changes thought to have occurred in the molecular structure of the retina and brain using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a result of AD progression induced by AlCl3 in rats were done. Moreover, the measurement of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) was done. After 6 and 8 weeks of AlCl3 injection, there was a substantial reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in a- and b-wave amplitudes and a significant rise (p ≤ 0.05) in implicit time compared to controls. A significant elevation (p ≤ 0.05) of AchE content was observed after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. FTIR revealed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) of β-turn and β-sheet content associated with significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) of α-helix content for all groups administrated with AlCl3. Our findings suggest that retinal biomarkers such as ERG of the retina may be used as a screening tool for detection of AD. Secondary structural changes in the proteins of the retina and the brain were similar in AD rats' model and precede retinal dysfunction.

The Castagnoli-Cushman Reaction.

Since the first reports of the reaction of imines and cyclic anhydrides by Castagnoli and Cushman, this procedure has been applied to the synthesis of a variety of lactams, some of them with important synthetic or biological interest. The scope of the reaction has been extended to the use of various Schiff bases and anhydrides as well as to different types of precursors for these reagents. In recent years, important advances have been made in understanding the mechanism of the reaction, which has historically been quite controversial. This has helped to develop reaction conditions that lead to pure diastereomers and even homochiral products. In addition, these mechanistic studies have also led to the development of new multicomponent versions of the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction that allow products with more diverse and complex molecular structures to be easily obtained.

Comparative evaluation for detection of brain tumor using machine learning algorithms

<span lang="EN-US">Automated flaw identification has become more important in medical imaging. For patient preparation, unaided prediction of tumor (brain) detection in the magnetic resonance imaging process (MRI) is critical. Traditional ways of recognizing z are intended to make radiologists' jobs easier. The size and variety of molecular structures in brain tumors is one of the issues with MRI brain tumor diagnosis. Deep learning (DL) techniques (artificial neural network (ANN), naive Bayes (NB), multi-layer perceptron (MLP)) are used in this article to detect brain cancers in MRI data. The preprocessing techniques are used to eliminate textural features from the brain MRI images. These characteristics are then utilized to train a machine-learning system.</span>

Molecular docking and dynamics simulation study of medicinal fungi derived secondary metabolites as potential inhibitor for COVID-19 treatment

The severity of COVID-19, lack of specific treatment, and controversies on the vaccine's efficacy demand the development of new drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Fungi produce various metabolites with diverse molecular structures that have emerged as promising antiviral drug candidates. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate medicinal fungi derived secondary metabolites as potential inhibitors of 3 different targets associated with viral entry (human TMPRSS2) and replication (main and papain-like protease) through molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies. Based on our findings, we identified Phelligridin E, Lepiotaprocerine G, and Inoscavin A as the potential blockers of SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease, and human TMPRSS2, respectively. These compounds strongly interacted with their corresponding target, passed Lipinski Rule's and had acceptable ADMET properties. Drug-protein complexes showed good stability during MD simulation. Estimation of binding free energy using the MM-GBSA method validated the inhibitor potential of identified compounds. Taken together, we believe that further in vitro and in vivo investigations on our proposed molecules may contribute to expanding the therapeutic arsenal in our fight against COVID-19.

Impact of the molecular structural variation of alkyl ether carboxylate surfactant on IFT reduction and wettability alteration capabilities in carbonates

This paper features an experimental investigation of the effect of single and mixed alkyl ether carboxylate (AEC) surfactants having different molecular structure in altering the wettability of oil-wet carbonate and reducing the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and brine. All tests were performed at a representative carbonate reservoir conditions; at brine salinity of 196 g/L and temperature of 75 °C. Preliminary compatibility tests revealed that only AEC surfactants having high hydrophilicity; molecular weight ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic groups ≥1, were compatible at reservoir harsh conditions and were considered for further analysis. IFT measurements showed that better IFT reduction could be achieved with surfactants having longer branched alkyl chain. Interestingly, inclusion of polypropylene oxide (PO) groups was found to reduce the IFT reduction performances. Only AEC surfactant with branched alkyl chain was able to generate microemulsion Winsor type III. Contact angle measurements using calcite surfaces showed that wettability alteration from strong oil-wet state toward strong water-wet state was obtained with surfactant having the shortest alkyl chain and, correspondingly, highest hydrophilicity. Moreover, this surfactant exhibited the lowest adsorption level on calcite. Adsorption results were further confirmed with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Mixing of AEC surfactants resulted in synergistic effect and ultra-low IFT in the order of 10−4 mN/m was obtained. While, no improvement in wettability alteration was observed for the mixed surfactants system. Overall, selection of proper surfactant type is crucial to maximize oil recovery. The novelty of this work resides in quantifying the effect that a particular structural difference could have on the surfactant capabilities in IFT reduction and wettability alteration, which could provide flexibility of tailoring the structure of the surfactant to meet the different reservoir conditions.

Variation of molecular structures affecting tar yield: A comprehensive analysis on coal ranks and depositional environments

Coal with a tar yield ≥ 7 %, which is measured in the Gray-King assay, is called tar-rich coal in China. However, the comprehensive impact of coal ranks and depositional environments on tar yield is still unclear. Here, the coal petrology, molecular structure, and depositional environment of the samples were thoroughly investigated to clarify the influence of the coal rank and depositional environment on the tar-rich coal. The difference in the tar yield is attributed to the molecular structure. Concerning Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the high tar production resulted from the existence of relatively long aliphatic side chains and high aliphatic hydrogen content. For the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, the structure of the aliphatic carbon also played a crucial role in tar formation. Among these, the various unstable structural parameters (falH/fas, (fas + fap)/fa', fas/fa', falH/fal*) and weak bonds could improve the tar yield. Furthermore, the molecular structures were also controlled by the coal rank. More specifically, the CH2/CH3 in FTIR and the falH, falH/fa*, fas/fa’ in 13C NMR had similar patterns with coal rank, which was close to the pattern between the coal rank and the tar yield. This effect also indicated that the tar yield was mainly influenced by bridge bonds, aliphatic side chains, and branched aromatic carbon. Between similar coal ranks, the molecular structure differences originated from the depositional environment. For the coal facies, the tissue preservation index (TPI) and vegetation index (VI) were negatively correlated with CH2/CH3, Hal/H, and “A factor”. In contrast, they were positively correlated with the oxidation degree (Io2). The gelification index (GI) was also positively correlated with CH2/CH3 and Hal/H. Consequently, the coal-forming environment with a relatively high degree of decomposition, low woody tissue content, and high gelification can form key molecular structures easier, which is beneficial for the tar yield.

Synthesis of phenolphthalein/bisphenol A‐based poly(arylene ether nitrile) copolymers: Preparation and properties of films

AbstractPoly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) is a class of high‐performance engineering plastics of poly(arylene ether) with cyano groups as side groups, which can get improved thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties through simple molecular structure design. In this work, a series of PEN (BPA/PP based PEN) copolymers were synthesized with varying amounts of phenolphthalein and bisphenol A. The influence of the copolymer molecular structure variations on the thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of PEN copolymer films was investigated. The results demonstrated that the BPA/PP based PEN copolymer films have great mechanical properties and low dielectric constant, as well as enhanced thermal properties. The highest 5% weight loss temperature of 494.9°C was obtained by PEN‐B7P3, while the highest glass transition temperature of 238.6°C was obtained by PEN‐B3P7. Porous BPA/PP based PEN films prepared by non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) exhibited satisfactory mechanical properties and the highest tensile strength of 9.4 MPa was achieved. Moreover, the introduction of the phenolphthalein structure into the PEN molecular chain can improve the heat resistance of the PEN copolymers without deteriorating the dielectric properties, which gives the copolymers great potential as candidates for applications in flexible electronics and wireless communication.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Used by the Tenggerese Society in Java Island of Indonesia.

The archipelagic country of Indonesia is inhabited by 300 ethnic groups, including the indigenous people of Tengger. Based on the reported list of medicinal plants used by the Tengger community, we have reviewed each of them for their phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Out of a total of 41 medicinal plants used by the Tengerrese people, 33 species were studied for their phytochemical and pharmacological properties. More than 554 phytochemicals with diverse molecular structures belonging to different chemical classes including flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and volatiles were identified from these studied 34 medicinal plants. Many of these medicinal plants and their compounds have been tested for various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound healing, headache, antimalarial and hypertension. Five popularly used medicinal plants by the healers were Garcinia mangostana, Apium graveolens, Cayratia clematidea, Drymocallis arguta and Elaeocarpus longifolius. Only A. graviolens were previously studied, with the outcomes supporting the pharmacological claims to treat hypertension. Few unexplored medicinal plants are Physalis lagascae, Piper amplum, Rosa tomentosa and Tagetes tenuifolia, and they present great potential for biodiscovery and drug lead identification.

High-efficiency destruction of aromatic VOC mixtures in a MoS2 cocatalytic Fe3+/PMS reaction

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has been intensively applied for the treatment of single VOCs but rarely for that of mixture in a wet scrubber system. However, a multitude of VOCs are present simultaneously in industries. This work first studied the degradation of a typical toxic aromatic VOC (AVOC, chlorobenzene, styrene, toluene) mixture in a MoS2 cocatalytic Fe3+/PMS (peroxymonosulfate) reaction. Extensive HO, SO4- and O2- from the efficient activation of PMS and molecular O2 cooperated well in the simultaneous removal of multiple AVOCs. The degradation of AVOCs in the mixture was significantly affected by the existence of different pollutants. For example, the toluene removal efficiency was 91 % and 74 % in the presence of styrene and chlorobenzene, respectively. Compared with that in the single-pollutant system, chlorobenzene degradation in the presence of toluene was more complex due to the generation of dichlorobenzene and toluene via an e-aq-mediated reaction. The diverse molecular structure, adsorption behavior and ring-opening process of AVOCs on the MoS2 (001) surface accounted for their different degradation performances. Molecular O2 was involved in AVOC mixture degradation and significantly shortened their degradation pathways due to the generation of more reactive benzaldehyde and benzoquinone. The total hazard index (HI) of the purified waste gas was 5.06 × 10-1 and within the safe range for human health. This study is expected to drive great advances in the simultaneous degradation of VOCs mixture by AOPs.

The "Tethered Solvent" Effect - H-Bonding-Controlled Thermo-Halochromism of a Push-Pull Azo Chromophore via Its Secondary Amidoalkyl Acrylamide Side Chain.

The fascinating field of thermo-halochromism of azo chromophores still astounds with unexplored facets nourished by the intricate relationship between molecular structure variations and their spectroscopic signatures. In this respect, we investigated the thermally dependent absorption behaviour of acrylamide derivatives of o-methyl red, characterised by two secondary amide linkages with hydrogen bonding-active protons in the pendant alkyl substituent. The systems were studied by a combination of UV-vis, derivative, and difference, as well as 2D-NMR (Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy, NOESY) spectroscopy. These experiments show that the thermo-halochromism is specifically influenced by hydrogen bonding interaction of the secondary amidoalkyl acrylamide side chain with the azobenzene core in dependence of the spacer length. Apparently, the substituent acts like a solvent, which is directly tethered to the chromophore and where the tether length determines the interaction by conformational freedom. We refer to this novel phenomenon as "H-bonding-controlled thermo-halochromism".

Some plant metabolites from Petasítes sp. and their effect on cancer cells motility in vitro.

e15077 Background: Plant metabolites are traditionally a valuable source of anticancer drugs. The huge variety of molecular structures found in plants makes it possible to isolate substances that possess not only antimitotic, but also anti-migratory properties on cancer cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-migratory activity of selected metabolites from Petasítes sp. plants. Methods: Cells of cancer cell cultures PC3 (prostate cancer), A431 (skin cancer), CaCo-2 (colorectal cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer) and T98G (glioma) were seeded in an amount of 15*104 cells per well of a 24-well plate (Biofil, China) in DMEM medium (Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS (HyClone, USA). After cell adhesion the test substances at a concentration of 40 µM were added, and a wound healing assay was performed according to the standard procedure. The study included the following metabolites: 1) substance 1 (S1) - 2,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one; 2) substance 2 (S2) - 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde; 3) substance 3 (S3) - corynan. The wound area was measured using a Lionheart FX imager (BioTek, USA) at starting time point and after 48 hours of cultivation. Data are presented as mean±95% confidence interval (n = 12). Results: The studied cultures were found to be differently sensitive to the tested substances. Cells of CaCo-2 and PC3 cultures did not demonstrate a significant decrease in mobility, as the degree of scratch overgrowth did not decrease compared to the control without the addition of substances (α = 0.05, df = 22) in all variants of the experiment. However, the A431 skin cancer culture showed reduced motility in all three trials compared to the no-substance control. Namely, the wound area reduction was 81.52 ± 9.6% in the control, 63.77 ± 8.4% in S1 variant, 62.42 ± 6.3% in S2 variant, and 12.05 ± 7.1% in S3 variant. Also, a slowdown in cell motility was observed in HeLa (28.92±5.1% compared to 37.0±6.3% in control) and T98G cells (82.41±9.1% compared to with 97.35±1.9% in control) when incubated with S1. Taking into account the correction for multiple comparisons, only the results for A431 turned out to be significant, but the results obtained for HeLa and T98G cultures were not significant at a corrected significance level (α = 0.003, df = 22). Conclusions: Further studies of 2,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one anti-migratory properties are of particular interest, since it showed promising results in three of the five studied cancer cell cultures.

Photosensitizer Encryption with Aggregation Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Production.

Chromophores that generate singlet oxygen (1O2) in water are essential to developing noninvasive disease treatments using photodynamic therapy (PDT). A facile approach for formation of stable colloidal nanoparticles of 1O2 photosensitizers, which exhibit aggregation enhanced 1O2 generation in water toward applications as PDT agents, is reported. Chromophore encryption within a fuchsonarene macrocyclic scaffold insulates the photosensitizer from aggregation induced deactivation pathways, enabling a higher chromophore density than typical 1O2 generating nanoparticles. Aggregation enhanced 1O2 generation in water is observed, and variation in molecular structure allows for regulation of the physical properties of the nanoparticles which ultimately affects the 1O2 generation. In vitro activity and the ability of the particles to pass through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm is demonstrated using confocal fluorescence microscopy with HeLa cells. Photosensitizer encryption in rigid macrocycles, such as fuchsonarenes, offers new prospects for the production of biocompatible nanoarchitectures for applications involving 1O2 generation.